diff --git a/src/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandler.php b/src/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandler.php
index 7b2b2bb7493..ffad6c0c881 100644
--- a/src/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandler.php
+++ b/src/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandler.php
@@ -113,30 +113,11 @@ public function expects(InvocationOrder $rule): InvocationMocker
     public function invoke(Invocation $invocation)
     {
         $exception      = null;
-        $hasReturnValue = false;
         $returnValue    = null;
+        $match          = $this->findMatcher($invocation);
 
-        foreach ($this->matchers as $match) {
-            try {
-                if ($match->matches($invocation)) {
-                    $value = $match->invoked($invocation);
-
-                    if (!$hasReturnValue) {
-                        $returnValue    = $value;
-                        $hasReturnValue = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            } catch (\Exception $e) {
-                $exception = $e;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ($exception !== null) {
-            throw $exception;
-        }
-
-        if ($hasReturnValue) {
-            return $returnValue;
+        if ($match !== null) {
+            return $match->invoked($invocation);
         }
 
         if (!$this->returnValueGeneration) {
@@ -186,6 +167,29 @@ public function verify(): void
         }
     }
 
+    private function findMatcher(Invocation $invocation): ?Matcher
+    {
+        $result = [];
+
+        foreach ($this->matchers as $matcher) {
+            if ($matcher->matches($invocation)) {
+                $result[] = $matcher;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (\count($result) > 1) {
+            throw new ExpectationFailedException(
+                \sprintf(
+                    'Non unique mocked method invocation: %s::%s',
+                    $invocation->getClassName(),
+                    $invocation->getMethodName()
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        return \current($result) ?: null;
+    }
+
     private function addMatcher(Matcher $matcher): void
     {
         $this->matchers[] = $matcher;
diff --git a/tests/unit/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandlerTest.php b/tests/unit/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandlerTest.php
index 59e16b6734a..4842f541b5a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandlerTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/Framework/MockObject/InvocationHandlerTest.php
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 namespace PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject;
 
+use PHPUnit\Framework\ExpectationFailedException;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
 class InvocationHandlerTest extends TestCase
@@ -23,4 +24,38 @@ public function testExceptionThrownIn__ToStringIsDeferred(): void
         $this->expectExceptionMessage('planned error');
         $mock->__toString();
     }
+
+    public function testSingleMatcherIsHandled(): void
+    {
+        $mock = $this->getMockBuilder(\stdClass::class)
+            ->addMethods(['foo'])
+            ->getMock();
+
+        $mock->expects($this->once())
+            ->method('foo')
+            ->willReturn('result');
+
+        $this->assertSame('result', $mock->foo());
+    }
+
+    public function testNonUniqueMatchThrowsException(): void
+    {
+        $mock = $this->getMockBuilder(\stdClass::class)
+            ->addMethods(['foo'])
+            ->getMock();
+
+        $mock->expects($this->any())
+            ->method($this->stringStartsWith('foo'))
+            ->willReturn('result');
+
+        $mock->expects($this->any())
+            ->method('foo')
+            ->with('bar')
+            ->willReturn('result');
+
+        $this->expectException(ExpectationFailedException::class);
+        $this->expectExceptionMessage('Non unique mocked method invocation: stdClass::foo');
+
+        $mock->foo();
+    }
 }