MRF24WG Programming Interface

MRF24WG Programing Interface

MRF24WG

MRF24WG0MA is an Wi-Fi transceiver module from Microchip. Unfortunately, the programming interface is not documented in the datasheet. All the below information had been extracted from the opensource Digilent library deIPcK.

SPI Interface

MRF24WG0MA is connected to the host microcontroller via SPI interface, with /CS and /INT signals. According to the datasheet, the SPI SCK frequency can be up to 25 MHz. Data is clocked in on the first rising edge of the clock after /CS is asserted. Data is placed on the bus MSB first.

SPI transactions consist of address byte and one or more data bytes.

Write 8-bit register:

   __                                                                   __
/CS  \_________________________________________________________________/
         _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _
SCK_____/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \___
   ___         ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
SI ___\_______/___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___
        0   0   A   A   A   A   A   A   V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V

Read 8-bit register:

   __                                                                   __
/CS  \_________________________________________________________________/
         _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _   _
SCK_____/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \_/ \___
   ___     _______ ___ ___ ___ ___ _______________________________________
SI ___\___/   \___X___X___X___X___X___/
        0   1   A   A   A   A   A   A
   _______________________________________ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
SO                                    \___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___X___
                                        V   V   V   V   V   V   V   V

Here value AAAAAA specify a 6-bit address of the register, and VVVVVVVV is a value. For 16-bit registers, the value contains 16 bits.

SPI Registers

Register	Address	Size	Description
INTR	0x01	8-bit	1st level interrupt flags
MASK	0x02	8-bit	1st level interrupt mask
RAW2_DATA	0x06	8-bit	RAW2 data - mgmt rx
RAW3_DATA	0x07	8-bit	RAW3 data - mgmt tx
RAW4_DATA	0x08	8-bit	RAW4 data - scratch tx/rx
RAW5_DATA	0x09	8-bit	RAW5 data
RAW4_CTRL0	0x0a	16-bit	RAW4 control0 - scratch tx/rx
RAW4_CTRL1	0x0b	16-bit	RAW4 control1 - scratch tx/rx
RAW4_INDEX	0x0c	16-bit	RAW4 index - scratch tx/rx
RAW4_STATUS	0x0d	16-bit	RAW4 status - scratch tx/rx
RAW5_CTRL0	0x0e	16-bit	RAW5 control0
RAW5_CTRL1	0x0f	16-bit	RAW5 control1
MAILBOX0_HI	0x10	16-bit	Mailbox0 upper half
MAILBOX0_LO	0x12	16-bit	Mailbox0 lower half
RAW2_CTRL0	0x18	16-bit	RAW2 control0 - mgmt rx
RAW2_CTRL1	0x19	16-bit	RAW2 control1 - mgmt rx
RAW2_INDEX	0x1a	16-bit	RAW2 index - mgmt rx
RAW2_STATUS	0x1b	16-bit	RAW2 status - mgmt rx
RAW3_CTRL0	0x1c	16-bit	RAW3 control0 - mgmt tx
RAW3_CTRL1	0x1d	16-bit	RAW3 control0 - mgmt tx
RAW3_INDEX	0x1e	16-bit	RAW3 index - mgmt tx
RAW3_STATUS	0x1f	16-bit	RAW3 status - mgmt tx
RAW0_DATA	0x20	8-bit	RAW0 data - data rx
RAW1_DATA	0x21	8-bit	RAW1 data - data tx
RAW5_INDEX	0x22	16-bit	RAW5 index
RAW5_STATUS	0x23	16-bit	RAW5 status
RAW0_CTRL0	0x25	16-bit	RAW0 control0 - data rx
RAW0_CTRL1	0x26	16-bit	RAW0 control1 - data rx
RAW0_INDEX	0x27	16-bit	RAW0 index - data rx
RAW0_STATUS	0x28	16-bit	RAW0 status - data rx
RAW1_CTRL0	0x29	16-bit	RAW1 control0 - data tx
RAW1_CTRL1	0x2a	16-bit	RAW1 control1 - data tx
RAW1_INDEX	0x2b	16-bit	RAW1 index - data tx
RAW1_STATUS	0x2c	16-bit	RAW1 status - data tx
INTR2	0x2d	16-bit	2nd level interrupt flags
MASK2	0x2e	16-bit	2nd level interrupt mask
WFIFO_BCNT0	0x2f	16-bit	Available write size for fifo 0 - data tx
WFIFO_BCNT1	0x31	16-bit	Available write size for fifo 1 - mgmt tx
RFIFO_BCNT0	0x33	16-bit	Number of bytes in read fifo 0 - data rx
RFIFO_BCNT1	0x35	16-bit	Number of bytes in read fifo 1 - mgmt rx
RESET	0x3c	16-bit	Reset and analog SPI
PSPOLL	0x3d	16-bit	Control low power mode
ADDR	0x3e	16-bit	Move the data window
DATA	0x3f	16-bit	Read or write address-indexed register

Registers ADDR and DATA allow indirect access to additional 16-bit registers:

Register	Address	Description
HW_STATUS	0x2a	Hardware status, read only
CONFIG_CONTROL0	0x2e	Used to initiate Hard reset
WAKE_CONTROL	0x2f
SCRATCHPAD0	0x3d	Scratchpad
SCRATCHPAD1	0x3e	Read to determine when low power is done
PSPOLL_CONFIG	0x40
XTAL_SETTLE_TIME	0x41

In the LiteBSD driver for MRF24WG, several low-level functions provide access to SPI registers:

unsigned mrf_read_byte(unsigned regno);
void     mrf_write_byte(unsigned regno, unsigned value);
void     mrf_write(unsigned regno, unsigned value);
unsigned mrf_read(unsigned regno);
void     mrf_write_array(unsigned regno, const u_int8_t *src, unsigned nbytes);
void     mrf_read_array(unsigned regno, u_int8_t *dest, unsigned nbytes);

Random Access Window Registers

Six groups of RAWxxx registers provide service for packet transfer of data and management messages:

Group	Description
RAW0_xxx	Receive TCP/IP data
RAW1_xxx	Transmit TCP/IP data
RAW2_xxx	Receive management messages
RAW3_xxx	Transmit management messages
RAW4_xxx	Not used
RAW5_xxx	Not used

Every RAW group consists of five registers:

Register	Size	Description
RAWx_CTRL0	16-bit	Transfer direction, destination and size of message
RAWx_CTRL1	16-bit	Size of received message
RAWx_DATA	8-bit	Data FIFO
RAWx_INDEX	16-bit	Byte offset in the data area
RAWx_STATUS	16-bit	Status: busy or idle

In the driver, the following functions implement RAW operations:

void     mrf_raw_init(void);
unsigned mrf_raw_move(unsigned raw_id, unsigned raw_obj, int raw_is_destination, unsigned size);
void     mrf_raw_seek(unsigned raw_id, unsigned index);
void     mrf_raw_read(unsigned raw_id, u_int8_t *dest, unsigned nbytes);
void     mrf_raw_write(unsigned raw_id, const u_int8_t *src, unsigned nbytes);
void     mrf_raw_pread(unsigned raw_id, u_int8_t *dest, unsigned nbytes, unsigned offset);
void     mrf_raw_pwrite(unsigned raw_id, const u_int8_t *src, unsigned nbytes, unsigned offset);

Management Messages

Byte 0 of the management message is always WF_TYPE_MGMT_REQUEST.

Byte 1: subtype	Byte 2	Byte 3	Byte 4...	Reply
SET_PARAM	0	param_id	data	--
GET_PARAM	0	param_id	--	N bytes
SET_POWER_MODE	mode	--	--	--
CP_CREATE_PROFILE	--	--	--	1 byte
CP_SET_ELEMENT	cpid	elem_id	data_len, data	--
CP_GET_ELEMENT	cpid	elem_id	--	N bytes
CA_SET_ELEMENT	element_id	data_len	data	--
CA_GET_ELEMENT	element_id	0	--	N bytes
CM_CONNECT	cpid	0	--	--
CM_DISCONNECT	--	--	--	--
CM_GET_CONNECTION_STATUS	--	--	--	1 byte
SCAN_START	cpid	0	--	--
SCAN_GET_RESULTS	index	k	--	1+56*k bytes

Two functions provide generic management message functionality in the driver:

void mrf_mgmt_send(u_int8_t *header, unsigned header_len,
        u_int8_t *data, unsigned data_len, int free_response);
void mrf_mgmt_send_receive(u_int8_t *header, unsigned header_len,
        u_int8_t *reply, unsigned reply_len, unsigned offset);

Parameters

GET_PARAM and SET_PARAM management messages provide access to the parameters of Wi-Fi transceiver.

Parameter ID	Mode	Size	Value
SYSTEM_VERSION	R	2 bytes	ROM and patch version numbers
FACTORY_TX_POWER	R	2 bytes	Get max and min transmit power limits (9..18)
STAT_COUNTERS	R	72 bytes	Get statistics counters
MRF24WB0M	W	1 byte	1 - enable MRF24WB0M mode
YIELD_PASSPHRASE_TOHOST	W	1 byte	1 - Allow host to convert pass phrase to key in WPS WPA-PSK
REGIONAL_DOMAIN	RW	1 byte	0 - FCC region (available channels 1...11); 2 - ETSI region (available channels 1...13); 7 - Other (available channels 1...14)
MAC_ADDRESS	RW	6 bytes	MAC address value
CONFIRM_DATA_TX_REQ	W	1 byte	Enable/disable the Tx data confirm message
TX_MODE	W	1 byte	0 - 802.11g data rates; 1 - 802.11b data rates; 2 - legacy data rates
RTS_THRESHOLD	W	2 bytes	2347 by default
SET_PSK	W	32 bytes	PSK key
LINK_DOWN_THRESHOLD	W	1 byte	Number of missed acks before connection lost (0 - keep trying forever)
COMPARE_ADDRESS	W	8 bytes	Control the multicast filter

The following functions in the driver implement parameter control messages:

unsigned mrf_get_system_version();
unsigned mrf_get_max_power();
void mrf_get_stats(u_int32_t stats[18]);
void mrf_enable_module_operation();
void mrf_yield_passphrase_to_host();
void mrf_set_regional_domain(unsigned value);
unsigned mrf_get_regional_domain();
void mrf_set_mac_address(u_int8_t address[6]);
void mrf_get_mac_address(u_int8_t address[6]);
void mrf_set_tx_confirm(unsigned enable);
void mrf_set_tx_mode(unsigned mode);
void mrf_set_rts_threshold(unsigned level);
void mrf_set_psk(u_int8_t key[32]);
void mrf_set_link_down_threshold(unsigned level);
void mrf_set_multicast_filter(unsigned filter_id, u_int8_t address[6]);

Connection Profile Messages

Connection Profile messages have the following structure:

Byte 0: WF_TYPE_MGMT_REQUEST
Byte 1: WF_SUBTYPE_CP_SET_ELEMENT
Byte 2: connection profile ID, obtained by mrf_profile_create() function. MRF24G can have up to two active connection profiles.
Byte 3: element id CP_ELEMENT_xxx (see table below)
Byte 4: data length in bytes
Bytes 5...N: data

Element ID	Mode	Size	Value
SSID	RW	0..32	Set network name (service id)
NETWORK_TYPE	W	1	Set network type: infrastructure or adhoc
SSID_TYPE	W	1	Set hidden mode for adhoc network
SECURITY	W	7 + N	Set security type (Open/WEP/WPA/WPS) and password
BSSID	W	6	Set basic service ID
ADHOC_BEHAVIOR	W	1	Set adhoc network behavior: connect and start, connect only, start only
READ_WPS_CRED	R	110	Read WPS credentials

Functions:

unsigned mrf_profile_create(void);
void mrf_profile_set_ssid(unsigned cpid, u_int8_t *ssid, unsigned ssid_len);
unsigned mrf_profile_get_ssid(unsigned cpid, u_int8_t *ssid);
void mrf_profile_set_network_type(unsigned cpid, unsigned nettype);
void mrf_profile_set_hidden(unsigned cpid, int hidden);
void mrf_profile_set_open(unsigned cpid);
void mrf_profile_set_wep(unsigned cpid, unsigned type, unsigned key_index, u_int8_t *key, unsigned key_len);
void mrf_profile_set_wpa(unsigned cpid, unsigned type, u_int8_t *key, unsigned key_len);
void mrf_profile_set_wps(unsigned cpid, unsigned type, u_int8_t *pin, unsigned pin_len);
void mrf_profile_set_bssid(unsigned cpid, u_int8_t *bssid);
void mrf_profile_set_adhoc_mode(unsigned cpid, int mode);
void mrf_profile_get_wps_credentials(unsigned cpid, wps_credentials_t *cred);

Connection Algorithm Messages

Connection Algorithm messages have the following structure:

Byte 0: WF_TYPE_MGMT_REQUEST
Byte 1: WF_SUBTYPE_CA_SET_ELEMENT
Byte 2: element id CA_ELEMENT_xxx (see table below)
Byte 3: data length in bytes
Bytes 4...N: data

Element ID	Mode	Size	Value
LIST_RETRY_COUNT	W	1	Set number of attempts to regain a connection (0 - don't try; 255 - try forever)
DEAUTH_ACTION	W	1	Set deauthenticated action: whether to attempt to reconnect
BEACON_TIMEOUT	W	1	Set number of missed beacons before connection loat (0 - don't count)
BEACON_TIMEOUT_ACTION	W	1	Set beacon timeout action: whether to attempt to reconnect
CHANNEL_LIST	W	1...N	Set list of channels
SCANTYPE	W	1	Set scan type
SCAN_COUNT	W	1	Set scan count
MIN_CHANNEL_TIME	W	2	Set min channel scan time, msec
MAX_CHANNEL_TIME	W	2	Set max channel scan time, msec
PROBE_DELAY	W	2	Set scan probe delay, usec
BEACON_PERIOD	W	2	Set beacon period, msec
RSSI	W	1	Set RSSI level
LISTEN_INTERVAL	W	2	Set Listen interval
DTIM_INTERVAL	W	2	Set Dtim interval

Functions:

void mrf_conn_set_mode(unsigned retry_count, unsigned deauth_action, unsigned beacon_timeout, unsigned beacon_timeout_action);
void mrf_conn_set_channels(u_int8_t *channel_list, unsigned num_channels);
void mrf_conn_set_scan(unsigned scan_type, unsigned scan_count, unsigned min_channel_msec, unsigned max_channel_msec, unsigned probe_delay_usec);
void mrf_conn_set_adhoc(unsigned cpid, int hidden_ssid, unsigned beacon_msec, unsigned mode);
void mrf_conn_set_rssi(unsigned value);
void mrf_conn_set_listen_interval(unsigned value);
void mrf_conn_set_dtim_interval(unsigned value);
void mrf_connect(unsigned cpid);
void mrf_disconnect(void);
int mrf_conn_get_state(void);

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MRF24WG Programming Interface

MRF24WG Programing Interface

SPI Interface

SPI Registers

Random Access Window Registers

Management Messages

Parameters

Connection Profile Messages

Connection Algorithm Messages

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