Implement mapReadAsync function of GPUBuffer

Implemented the `mapReadAsync` and fixed the `unmap` functions of `GPUBuffer`.
Added `mapped` internal slot for tracking the ArrayBuffer/Promise.
Added more states to the `GPUBufferState` enum.

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- [x] `./mach build -d` does not report any errors
- [x] `./mach test-tidy` does not report any errors
- [x] These changes addresses a part of #24706

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cc @kvark @jdm @zakorgy
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