diff --git a/.github/workflows/codecov.yml b/.github/workflows/codecov.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73d0fdc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codecov.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: Codecov CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set up JDK 18
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v1
+        with:
+          java-version: 18
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: mvn install -DskipTests=true -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -B -V
+      - name: Run tests and collect coverage
+        run: mvn -B test
+      - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        env:
+          CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/klein-consensus/klein-consensus-paxos/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/consensus/paxos/ProposalTest.java b/klein-consensus/klein-consensus-paxos/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/consensus/paxos/ProposalTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97c8e7e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-consensus/klein-consensus-paxos/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/consensus/paxos/ProposalTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package com.ofcoder.klein.consensus.paxos;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+public class ProposalTest extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testGetGroup() {
+        Proposal proposal = new Proposal();
+        assertNull(proposal.getGroup());
+
+        proposal = new Proposal("group1", "data1");
+        assertEquals("group1", proposal.getGroup());
+
+        proposal.setGroup("group2");
+        assertEquals("group2", proposal.getGroup());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheContainer.java b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheContainer.java
index 1293a0de..842fa3ea 100644
--- a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheContainer.java
+++ b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheContainer.java
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public interface CacheContainer {
      * @param expire expire
      * @return the previous value associated with key, or null
      */
-    Object put(String key, Object data, Long expire);
+    Object put(String key, Object data, long expire);
 
     /**
      * put element to cache if present, and set expire.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public interface CacheContainer {
      * @param expire expire
      * @return the previous value associated with key, or null
      */
-    Object putIfAbsent(String key, Object data, Long expire);
+    Object putIfAbsent(String key, Object data, long expire);
 
     /**
      * remove key from cache.
diff --git a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/ClearExpiryCacheContainer.java b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/ClearExpiryCacheContainer.java
index 66c173d6..bd40c574 100644
--- a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/ClearExpiryCacheContainer.java
+++ b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/ClearExpiryCacheContainer.java
@@ -65,16 +65,16 @@ protected int adjustTimeout(final int timeoutMs) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Object put(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
+    public Object put(final String key, final Object data, final long expire) {
         Object d = _put(key, data, expire);
         waitClear(expire, key);
         return d;
     }
 
-    protected abstract Object _put(String key, Object data, Long expire);
+    protected abstract Object _put(String key, Object data, long expire);
 
     @Override
-    public Object putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
+    public Object putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final long expire) {
         Object d = _putIfAbsent(key, data, expire);
         if (d == null) {
             waitClear(expire, key);
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public Object putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire
         return d;
     }
 
-    protected abstract Object _putIfAbsent(String key, Object data, Long expire);
+    protected abstract Object _putIfAbsent(String key, Object data, long expire);
 
     private long roundToNextBucket(final long time) {
         return (time / expirationInterval + 1) * expirationInterval;
diff --git a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/LruCacheContainer.java b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/LruCacheContainer.java
index 89593d97..7e35ad4a 100644
--- a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/LruCacheContainer.java
+++ b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/LruCacheContainer.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public Object get(final String key) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized Object _put(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
+    public synchronized Object _put(final String key, final Object data, final long expire) {
         MetaData value = new MetaData();
         value.setExpire(expire);
         value.setData(data);
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public synchronized Object _put(final String key, final Object data, final Long
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized Object _putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
+    public synchronized Object _putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final long expire) {
         MetaData value = new MetaData();
         value.setExpire(expire);
         value.setData(data);
diff --git a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainer.java b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainer.java
index a9c008a1..614c121a 100644
--- a/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainer.java
+++ b/klein-core/src/main/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainer.java
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public Object get(final String key) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Object _put(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
+    public Object _put(final String key, final Object data, final long expire) {
         MetaData value = new MetaData();
         value.setExpire(expire);
         value.setData(data);
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public Object _put(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public Object _putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final Long expire) {
+    public Object _putIfAbsent(final String key, final Object data, final long expire) {
         MetaData value = new MetaData();
         value.setExpire(expire);
         value.setData(data);
diff --git a/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/KleinPropTest.java b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/KleinPropTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0859542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/KleinPropTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.ofcoder.klein;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class KleinPropTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetStorage() {
+        KleinProp prop = new KleinProp();
+        Assert.assertEquals("file", prop.getStorage());
+        prop.setStorage("leveldb");
+        Assert.assertEquals("leveldb", prop.getStorage());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheSMTest.java b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheSMTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc147167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheSMTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package com.ofcoder.klein.core.cache;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+public class CacheSMTest {
+
+    CacheSM cacheSM;
+
+    @Mock
+    private CacheContainer mockContainer;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+        cacheSM = new CacheSM(new CacheProp()) {
+            @Override
+            public Object makeImage() {
+                return mockContainer;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Field containerField = CacheSM.class.getDeclaredField("container");
+        containerField.setAccessible(true);
+        containerField.set(cacheSM, mockContainer);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithPutOperation() {
+        CacheMessage message = new CacheMessage();
+        message.setOp(CacheMessage.PUT);
+        message.setKey("key");
+        message.setData("data");
+        message.setExpire(1000L);
+
+        cacheSM.apply(message);
+        verify(mockContainer).put(eq("key"), eq("data"), eq(1000L));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithGetOperation() {
+        CacheMessage message = new CacheMessage();
+        message.setOp(CacheMessage.GET);
+        message.setKey("key");
+
+        when(mockContainer.get("key")).thenReturn("data");
+
+        assertEquals("data", cacheSM.apply(message));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithInvalidateOperation() {
+        CacheMessage message = new CacheMessage();
+        message.setOp(CacheMessage.INVALIDATE);
+        message.setKey("key");
+
+        cacheSM.apply(message);
+        verify(mockContainer).remove("key");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithInvalidateAllOperation() {
+        CacheMessage message = new CacheMessage();
+        message.setOp(CacheMessage.INVALIDATEALL);
+
+        cacheSM.apply(message);
+        verify(mockContainer).clear();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithPutIfPresentOperation() {
+        CacheMessage message = new CacheMessage();
+        message.setOp(CacheMessage.PUTIFPRESENT);
+        message.setKey("key");
+        message.setData("data");
+        message.setExpire(1000L);
+
+        when(mockContainer.putIfAbsent("key", "data", 1000L)).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertEquals(true, cacheSM.apply(message));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithExistOperation() {
+        CacheMessage message = new CacheMessage();
+        message.setOp(CacheMessage.EXIST);
+        message.setKey("key");
+
+        when(mockContainer.containsKey("key")).thenReturn(true);
+
+        assertEquals(true, cacheSM.apply(message));
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testApplyWithUnknownMessage() {
+        assertNull(cacheSM.apply(new Object()));
+        verify(mockContainer, never()).put(any(), any(), anyLong());
+        verify(mockContainer, never()).get(any());
+        verify(mockContainer, never()).remove(any());
+        verify(mockContainer, never()).clear();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheSnapTest.java b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheSnapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a039c67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/CacheSnapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package com.ofcoder.klein.core.cache;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class CacheSnapTest {
+
+    CacheSnap cacheSnap;
+
+    Object cache;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        cache = mock(Object.class);
+        cacheSnap = new CacheSnap(cache, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetCache() {
+        assertEquals(cache, cacheSnap.getCache());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainerTest.java b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainerTest.java
index 110815f7..53b77d26 100644
--- a/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainerTest.java
+++ b/klein-core/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/core/cache/MemoryCacheContainerTest.java
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 package com.ofcoder.klein.core.cache;
 
 import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
 
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
 public class MemoryCacheContainerTest extends TestCase {
 
+    MemoryCacheContainer cache;
+
     public void test_MemoryMap_NoUse() {
         int initialCapacity = 3;
         LruCacheContainer.MemoryMap cache = new LruCacheContainer.MemoryMap(initialCapacity);
@@ -33,4 +37,61 @@ public void test_MemoryMap_Used() {
         Assert.assertTrue(cache.containsKey("2"));
     }
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        cache = new MemoryCacheContainer();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContainsKey_ExistingKey_Expired() {
+        // Setup
+        String key = "key";
+        Long expire = 0L; // Expired
+        Object data = new Object();
+        cache._put(key, data, expire);
+
+        // Execute
+        boolean result = cache.containsKey(key);
+
+        // Verify
+        assertFalse(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContainsKey_NonExistingKey() {
+        // Setup
+        String key = "key";
+
+        // Execute
+        boolean result = cache.containsKey(key);
+
+        // Verify
+        assertFalse(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContainsKey_NullValue() {
+        // Setup
+        String key = "key";
+        cache._put(key, null, 1000L);
+
+        // Execute
+        boolean result = cache.containsKey(key);
+
+        // Verify
+        assertFalse(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testContainsKey_ExpiredAndNullValue() {
+        // Setup
+        String key = "key";
+        cache._put(key, null, 0L);
+
+        // Execute
+        boolean result = cache.containsKey(key);
+
+        // Verify
+        assertFalse(result);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-spi/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/spi/ExtensionLoaderTest.java b/klein-spi/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/spi/ExtensionLoaderTest.java
index 55718429..4a911135 100644
--- a/klein-spi/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/spi/ExtensionLoaderTest.java
+++ b/klein-spi/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/spi/ExtensionLoaderTest.java
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 package com.ofcoder.klein.spi;
 
+import com.ofcoder.klein.spi.ext.DBConnection;
+
 import org.junit.Assert;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
 
-import com.ofcoder.klein.spi.ext.DBConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
 
 /**
  * @author 释慧利
@@ -12,9 +16,12 @@ public class ExtensionLoaderTest {
 
     @Test
     public void testSameJoin() {
-        DBConnection zero = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DBConnection.class).register("mysql");
-        DBConnection first = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DBConnection.class).getJoin("mysql");
-        DBConnection second = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DBConnection.class).getJoin("mysql");
+        DBConnection zero =
+                ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DBConnection.class).register("mysql");
+        DBConnection first =
+                ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DBConnection.class).getJoin("mysql");
+        DBConnection second =
+                ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(DBConnection.class).getJoin("mysql");
         Assert.assertEquals(first, zero);
         Assert.assertEquals(first, second);
     }
diff --git a/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/InstanceTest.java b/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/InstanceTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..50329eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/InstanceTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package com.ofcoder.klein.storage.facade;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class InstanceTest {
+
+    Instance instance;
+
+    long testInstanceId = 100L;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        instance = mock(Instance.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetInstanceId() {
+        when(instance.getInstanceId()).thenReturn(testInstanceId);
+
+        long result = instance.getInstanceId();
+
+        assertEquals(
+                "getInstanceId should return the instanceId set in the instance object",
+                testInstanceId,
+                result);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/SnapTest.java b/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/SnapTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..428c766a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/SnapTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package com.ofcoder.klein.storage.facade;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class SnapTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetCheckpoint() {
+        Snap snap = new Snap();
+        snap.setCheckpoint(100L);
+        assertEquals(100L, snap.getCheckpoint());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/trace/TracerTest.java b/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/trace/TracerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2672c042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/klein-storage/klein-storage-facade/src/test/java/com/ofcoder/klein/storage/facade/trace/TracerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//package com.ofcoder.klein.storage.facade.trace;
+//
+//import org.junit.Before;
+//import org.junit.Test;
+//import org.mockito.Mock;
+//import org.mockito.MockedStatic;
+//
+//import com.ofcoder.klein.spi.ExtensionLoader;
+//import com.ofcoder.klein.storage.facade.TraceManager;
+//import com.ofcoder.klein.storage.facade.config.StorageProp;
+//
+//import static org.mockito.Mockito.mockStatic;
+//import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+//import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+//import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+//
+//public class TracerTest {
+//    @Mock
+//    TraceManager mockManager;
+//    @Mock
+//    ExtensionLoader<TraceManager> traceManagerExtensionLoader;
+//
+//    @Before
+//    public void setUp() {
+//        try (MockedStatic<ExtensionLoader> mocked = mockStatic(ExtensionLoader.class)) {
+//            mocked.when(ExtensionLoader::getExtensionLoader).thenReturn(traceManagerExtensionLoader);
+//            when(traceManagerExtensionLoader.getJoin("test")).thenReturn(mockManager);
+//        }
+//    }
+//
+//    @Test
+//    public void testTrace() {
+//        final StorageProp mockProp = new StorageProp();
+//
+//        final Tracer tracer = new Tracer("test", mockProp);
+//
+//        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+//            tracer.trace("data");
+//        }
+//
+//        verify(mockManager, times(100));
+//    }
+//}
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index 830daa48..c29aa020 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
         <junit.version>4.13.1</junit.version>
         <junit.dep.version>4.11</junit.dep.version>
         <hamcrest.version>1.3</hamcrest.version>
-        <mockito.version>1.9.5</mockito.version>
+        <mockito.version>1.10.19</mockito.version>
         <protobuf.version>3.21.7</protobuf.version>
         <io.grpc.version>1.50.0</io.grpc.version>