Can I ask them if they have a concealed carry permit?
Do you have a concealed carry permit?
No, I do not carry a concealed weapon.
Why ask them if you do not have one yourself? It could come across as nosy if you ask things like that.
I'm trying to get that, but it takes time to get one.
There is no need to ask others about their gun permits as that is just not your business. It is better to leave others alone.