Can I just refuse to quit my job?
Did someone actually tell you to quit? That is horrifying if so. Why do you want to keep this particular job?
It is the source of my happiness and my purpose in life.
I can understand how upset you are by the situation. Steady employment is important. You should see if your boss has a good reason for letting you go instead of refusing to quit.
I don't care if he does, I'm not quitting it for anything. I guess he can fire me though if he wants to which will be sad for me.
Being employed steadily has it's good points. I would not want to quit unless I truly had to. Can you look for another job after quitting this one?