I'm going to argue with my teacher
I hope you're just kidding, why will you argue with your teacher?
I feel a bit irritated with her demands for me to hand in my homework
Doing homework can be a pain, but it's really important. Respect your teacher and her right to ask for something so simple.
She doesn't know what she's talking about.
She wouldn't have been a teacher if she doesn't know what she's talking about. Again, it's recommended you respect her because if not, then you could get disciplinary actions and it may go to your record and it will cause unnecessary conflict at school, and I strongly doubt you want that.