[miniconda] Refactor Dockerfile to sync with anaconda devcontianer (devcontainers#741)

* Rework Dockerfile

* Enable tests

* Bump `base` image version

Author: alexander-smolyakov

src/miniconda/.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,30 @@
 FROM continuumio/miniconda3 as upstream
 
+# Temporary: Upgrade python packages due to mentioned CVEs
+# They are installed by the base image (continuumio/miniconda3) which does not have the patch.
+RUN conda install \ 
+    # https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/security/advisories/GHSA-5cpq-8wj7-hf2v
+    pyopenssl=23.2.0 \ 
+    cryptography=41.0.2 \
+    # https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-j8r2-6x86-q33q
+    requests=2.31.0
+
 # Reset and copy updated files with updated privs to keep image size down
-FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:0-bullseye
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:1-bullseye
+
+ARG USERNAME=vscode
+
+# Create the conda group and add remote user to the group
+RUN groupadd -r conda --gid 900 \ 
+    && usermod -aG conda ${USERNAME}
+
+# Copy opt folder, set ownership and group permissions
+COPY --chown=:conda --chmod=775 --from=upstream /opt/conda /opt/conda
+RUN chmod =2775 /opt/conda
+
 USER root
-COPY --from=upstream /opt /opt/
 
+# Copy scripts to execute
 COPY add-notice.sh /tmp/library-scripts/
 
 # Setup conda to mirror contents from https://github.com/ContinuumIO/docker-images/blob/master/miniconda3/debian/Dockerfile
@@ -39,25 +59,6 @@ COPY environment.yml* noop.txt /tmp/conda-tmp/
 RUN if [ -f "/tmp/conda-tmp/environment.yml" ]; then umask 0002 && /opt/conda/bin/conda env update -n base -f /tmp/conda-tmp/environment.yml; fi \
     && rm -rf /tmp/conda-tmp
 
-# Temporary: Upgrade python packages due to mentioned CVEs
-# They are installed by the base image (continuumio/miniconda3) which does not have the patch.
-RUN conda install \ 
-    # https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/security/advisories/GHSA-5cpq-8wj7-hf2v
-    pyopenssl=23.2.0 \ 
-    cryptography=41.0.2 \
-    # https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-j8r2-6x86-q33q
-    requests=2.31.0
-
 # [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional OS packages.
 # RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
 #     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends <your-package-list-here>
-
-# Create conda group, update conda directory permissions, 
-# add user to conda group
-# Note: We need to execute these commands after pip install / conda update 
-# since pip doesn't preserve directory permissions
-RUN groupadd -r conda --gid 900 \
-    && chown -R :conda /opt/conda \
-    && chmod -R g+w /opt/conda \
-    && find /opt -type d | xargs -n 1 chmod g+s \
-    && usermod -aG conda ${USERNAME}