[universal] Rework patch for GHSA-v845-jxx5-vc9f (devcontainers#823)

- Rework patch for GHSA-v845-jxx5-vc9f
- Fix link to vulnerability

Author: alexander-smolyakov

src/universal/.devcontainer/local-features/patch-conda/install.sh

@@ -59,5 +59,5 @@ update_python_package /opt/conda/bin/python3 cryptography "41.0.4"
 # https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-32681
 update_conda_package requests "2.31.0"
 
-# https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v8gr-m533-ghj9
-update_python_package /opt/conda/bin/python3 urllib3 "1.26.17"
+# https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v845-jxx5-vc9f
+update_conda_package urllib3 "1.26.18"