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# sliminality / pandoc-theorem Public

Write LaTeX theorems in Pandoc Markdown

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# pandoc-theorem

A Pandoc filter to convert definition lists into amsthm theorem environments, for compiling to PDF and LaTeX.

The extension supports the following theorem environments:

Supported environment Supported Markdown identifiers
claim Claim
definition Definition, Def
theorem Theorem, Thm
lemma Lemma
proof Proof, Pf
example Example, Ex
assumption Assumption

Note that compilation targets other than PDF and LaTeX have not been tested. Notably, this includes HTML.

## Example

Given the following Markdown:

Lemma (Pumping Lemming). \label{pumping}

:   Let $L$ be a regular language. Then there exists an integer $p \geq 1$ called the "pumping length" which depends only on $L$, such that every string $w \in L$ of length at least $p$ can be divided into three substrings $w = xyz$ such that the following conditions hold:

- $|y| \geq 1$
- $|xy| \leq p$
- $xy^n z \in L$, for all $n \geq 0$.

That is, the non-empty substring $y$ occurring within the first $p$ characters of $w$ can be "pumped" any number of times, and the resulting string is always in $L$.

we transform it into this PDF output:

equivalent to this LaTeX:

\begin{lemma}[Pumping Lemming] \label{lem}

Let $$L$$ be a regular language. Then there exists an integer
$$p \geq 1$$ called the pumping length'' which depends only on $$L$$,
such that every string $$w \in L$$ of length at least $$p$$ can be
divided into three substrings $$w = xyz$$ such that the following
conditions hold:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
$$|y| \geq 1$$
\item
$$|xy| \leq p$$
\item
$$xy^n z \in L$$, for all $$n \geq 0$$.
\end{itemize}

That is, the non-empty substring $$y$$ occurring within the first $$p$$
characters of $$w$$ can be pumped'' any number of times, and the
resulting string is always in $$L$$.

\end{lemma}

## Installation

You must have pandoc 2.8 or greater installed and available in your PATH.

If you are on pandoc 2.11 or later, you can either download a prebuilt binary from the Releases page, or clone and stack install this repository, which copies the pandoc-theorem-exe binary to your global Stack install location.

cd pandoc-theorem
stack install

Check that pandoc-theorem-exe is in your PATH:

> which pandoc-theorem-exe
/Users/slim/.local/bin/pandoc-theorem-exe # or a different path

### Older versions of pandoc

You may need to build from source to use this filter with earlier versions of pandoc.

You can use the provided alternate stack.yaml files:

stack install --stack-yaml="stack.pandoc-2.8.yaml" # 2.8 and 2.9
stack install --stack-yaml="stack.pandoc-2.10.yaml" # 2.10

## Usage

To use, pass the pandoc-theorem-exe executable as a filter to Pandoc:

# Compile to PDF.
pandoc --filter pandoc-theorem-exe input.md -H header.tex -o output.pdf

# Output LaTeX.
pandoc --filter pandoc-theorem-exe input.md -H header.tex -t latex

Note that you will always need to include the following header file using Pandoc's -H flag:

% examples/header.tex
\usepackage{amsthm}
\newtheorem{claim}{Claim}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}
\newtheorem{assumption}{Assumption}

You can also define these environments directly in the document, using YAML frontmatter to avoid passing -H="header.tex":

---
title: Glamorous paper
\usepackage{amsthm}
\newtheorem{claim}{Claim}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{example}{Example}
\newtheorem{assumption}{Assumption}
---

Finally, you can choose to add these environments directly to your chosen template, eliminating the need to define them in every document.

### Syntax

pandoc-theorem repurposes the syntax for definition lists, checking for recognized identifiers.

Theorem (Fermat's Little).

:    If $p$ is a prime number, then for any integer $a$, the number $$a^p - a$$ is an integer multiple of $p$.

In general, the format looks like this:

<term>

:    <body>

where <body> is standard Pandoc Markdown (with inline or block formatting), and <term> is one of the following:

<term> ::= <identifier>.
|  <identifier> (<name>).


That is, a <term> consists of:

• A supported environment identifier (required), followed by either
• A period (.) if the environment has no name, or
• A name in parentheses () which will be passed to the LaTeX environment
• Optional additional Pandoc Markdown (e.g. for LaTeX \labels)

Supported <identifier> values are documented.

Confused about indentation, line spacing, or the : characters? Consult the documentated syntax for Pandoc definition lists.

More examples can be found in the Examples section below.

## Examples

This repository includes an example Markdown file in examples/kitchen-sink.md. You can explore its output using the following command:

pandoc --filter pandoc-theorem-exe examples/kitchen-sink.md -H examples/header.tex -o examples/kitchen-sink.pdf

### Simple block-level theorem

Theorem (Hedberg).

:   Any type with decidable equality is a set.

### Complex block-level theorem

Lemma (Pumping Lemming). \label{lem}

:   Let $L$ be a regular language. Then there exists an integer $p \geq 1$ called the "pumping length" which depends only on $L$, such that every string $w \in L$ of length at least $p$ can be divided into three substrings $w = xyz$ such that the following conditions hold:

- $|y| \geq 1$
- $|xy| \leq p$
- $xy^n z \in L$, for all $n \geq 0$.

That is, the non-empty substring $y$ occurring within the first $p$ characters of $w$ can be "pumped" any number of times, and the resulting string is always in $L$.

### Single inline theorem

Proof.
: By induction on the structure of the typing judgment.

### Multiple inline theorems

Def (Coq).
:   A dependently-typed programming language often used for interactive theorem proving.
:   A video game that doesn't mean you understand the underlying theory, according to Bob.

### Regular definition lists still work

If you do not start a definition list with one of the recognized identifiers, the definition list will compile as usual.

Groceries
: Bananas
: Lenses
: Barbed wire
Programming language checklist

:     *Strictures:* Does the language have sufficiently many restrictions? It is always easier to relax strictures later on.

:     *Affordances:* Actually, these don't really matter.

## Acknowledgements

In addition to John MacFarlane's incredible work on Pandoc itself, this filter benefited from the following prior efforts:

Write LaTeX theorems in Pandoc Markdown

## Releases 1

Initial release Latest
Jun 28, 2019

## Packages 0

No packages published

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