diff --git a/gradle.properties b/gradle.properties index 43243a14c7..2dd5c459bf 100644 --- a/gradle.properties +++ b/gradle.properties @@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ kotlinxBenchmarkVersion=0.3.1 # serialization kamlVersion=0.36.0 -xmlpullVersion=1.1.3.1 -xpp3Version=1.1.6 # logging kotlinLoggingVersion=2.0.3 diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/build.gradle.kts b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/build.gradle.kts index 4b219e8b3f..40cf4cb9e7 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/build.gradle.kts +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/build.gradle.kts @@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ description = "XML serialization and deserialization for Smithy services generat extra["displayName"] = "Smithy :: Kotlin :: Serde :: XML" extra["moduleName"] = "aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml" -val xmlpullVersion: String by project -val xpp3Version: String by project val slf4jVersion: String by project kotlin { @@ -18,13 +16,6 @@ kotlin { api(project(":runtime:serde")) } } - jvmMain { - dependencies { - implementation("xmlpull:xmlpull:$xmlpullVersion") - // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.ogce/xpp3 - implementation("org.ogce:xpp3:$xpp3Version") - } - } all { languageSettings.optIn("aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.util.InternalApi") diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReader.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReader.kt index ac2d924b1e..e08a694788 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReader.kt +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReader.kt @@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.deserialization.LexingXmlStreamReader +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.deserialization.StringTextStream +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.deserialization.XmlLexer + /** * Provides stream-style access to an XML payload. This abstraction * supports the ability to look ahead an arbitrary number of elements. It can also @@ -22,7 +26,7 @@ interface XmlStreamReader { /** * The subtree's minimum depth is the same as the current node depth + 1. */ - CHILD + CHILD, } /** * Return the last token that was consumed by the reader. @@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ interface XmlStreamReader { /** * Return the next actionable token or null if stream is exhausted. * - * @throws XmlGenerationException upon any error. + * @throws [aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.DeserializationException] upon any error. */ fun nextToken(): XmlToken? @@ -63,17 +67,20 @@ interface XmlStreamReader { */ inline fun XmlStreamReader.seek(selectionPredicate: (T) -> Boolean = { true }): T? { var token: XmlToken? = lastToken - var foundMatch = false - while (token != null && !foundMatch) { - foundMatch = if (token is T) selectionPredicate.invoke(token) else false + do { + val foundMatch = if (token is T) selectionPredicate.invoke(token) else false if (!foundMatch) token = nextToken() - } + } while (token != null && !foundMatch) return token as T? } -/* -* Creates an [XmlStreamReader] instance -*/ -expect fun xmlStreamReader(payload: ByteArray): XmlStreamReader +/** + * Creates an [XmlStreamReader] instance + */ +fun xmlStreamReader(payload: ByteArray): XmlStreamReader { + val stream = StringTextStream(payload.decodeToString()) + val lexer = XmlLexer(stream) + return LexingXmlStreamReader(lexer) +} diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriter.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriter.kt index 6194f80f0a..5462ec65a5 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriter.kt +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriter.kt @@ -5,22 +5,22 @@ package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.serialization.BufferingXmlStreamWriter +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.util.InternalApi + /** * Defines an interface to serialization of an XML Infoset. */ interface XmlStreamWriter { /** - * Write xml declaration with encoding (if encoding not null) - * and standalone flag (if standalone not null) - * This method can only be called just after setOutput. + * Write the XML declaration. */ - fun startDocument(encoding: String? = null, standalone: Boolean? = null) + fun startDocument() /** * Finish writing. All unclosed start tags will be closed and output - * will be flushed. After calling this method no more output can be - * serialized until next call to setOutput() + * will be flushed. */ fun endDocument() @@ -63,9 +63,14 @@ interface XmlStreamWriter { fun namespacePrefix(uri: String, prefix: String? = null) /** - * XML content will be constructed in this UTF-8 encoded byte array. + * Gets the byte serialization for this writer. Note that this will call [endDocument] first, closing all open tags. */ val bytes: ByteArray + + /** + * + */ + val text: String } fun XmlStreamWriter.text(text: Number) { @@ -75,4 +80,5 @@ fun XmlStreamWriter.text(text: Number) { /* * Creates a [XmlStreamWriter] instance to write XML */ -internal expect fun xmlStreamWriter(pretty: Boolean = false): XmlStreamWriter +@InternalApi +fun xmlStreamWriter(pretty: Boolean = false): XmlStreamWriter = BufferingXmlStreamWriter(pretty) diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlToken.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlToken.kt index bb153a839a..a3eeb6c91d 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlToken.kt +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlToken.kt @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml /** - * Raw tokens produced when reading a XML document as a stream + * Raw tokens produced when reading an XML document as a stream */ sealed class XmlToken { diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/LexerState.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/LexerState.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2522ee4f20 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/LexerState.kt @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.deserialization + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlToken + +/** + * Describes the internal state of an [XmlLexer]. + */ +internal sealed class LexerState { + /** + * The node depth at which the lexer is parsing tokens. Like the concept of depth in [XmlToken], this depth is 1 at + * the root (but 0 outside the root). + */ + abstract val depth: Int + + /** + * The initial state at the beginning of a document before reading any tags, DTD, or prolog. + */ + object Initial : LexerState() { + override val depth = 0 + } + + /** + * The lexer is expecting the root tag next. + */ + object BeforeRootTag : LexerState() { + override val depth = 0 + } + + /** + * Describes the state of being inside a tag. + */ + sealed class Tag : LexerState() { + abstract val name: XmlToken.QualifiedName + abstract val parent: OpenTag? + + /** + * The lexer is inside a tag. The next close tag should match the name of this tag. + */ + data class OpenTag( + override val name: XmlToken.QualifiedName, + override val parent: OpenTag?, + val seenChildren: Boolean, + ) : Tag() { + override val depth: Int = (parent?.depth ?: 0) + 1 + } + + /** + * The lexer has read a self-closing tag (e.g., '') but only returned the [XmlToken.BeginElement] token + * to the caller. The subsequent [XmlLexer.parseNext] call will return an [XmlToken.EndElement] without + * actually reading more from the source. + */ + data class EmptyTag(override val name: XmlToken.QualifiedName, override val parent: OpenTag?) : Tag() { + override val depth: Int = (parent?.depth ?: 0) + 1 + } + } + + /** + * The end of the document is reached. No more data is available. + */ + object EndOfDocument : LexerState() { + override val depth = 0 + } +} diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/LexingXmlStreamReader.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/LexingXmlStreamReader.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a441416c32 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/LexingXmlStreamReader.kt @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.deserialization + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.DeserializationException +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlStreamReader +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlToken +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.terminates + +/** + * An [XmlStreamReader] that provides [XmlToken] elements from an [XmlLexer]. This class internally maintains a peek + * state, [lastToken], etc., but delegates all parsing operations to the scanner. + * @param source The [XmlLexer] to use for XML parsing. + */ +class LexingXmlStreamReader(private val source: XmlLexer) : XmlStreamReader { + private val peekQueue = ArrayDeque() + + /** + * Throws a [DeserializationException] with the given message and location string. + * @param msg The error message to include with the exception. + */ + @Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE") + internal inline fun error(msg: String): Nothing = source.error(msg) + + override var lastToken: XmlToken? = null + private set + + override fun nextToken(): XmlToken? = + (peekQueue.removeFirstOrNull() ?: source.parseNext()).also { lastToken = it } + + override fun peek(index: Int): XmlToken? { + while (index > peekQueue.size && !source.endOfDocument) { + peekQueue.addLast(source.parseNext()!!) + } + return peekQueue.getOrNull(index - 1) + } + + override fun skipNext() { + val peekToken = peek(1) ?: return + val startDepth = peekToken.depth + + tailrec fun scanUntilDepth(from: XmlToken?) { + when { + from == null || from is XmlToken.EndDocument -> return // End of document + from is XmlToken.EndElement && from.depth == startDepth -> return // Returned to original start depth + else -> scanUntilDepth(nextToken()) // Keep scannin'! + } + } + + scanUntilDepth(nextToken()) + } + + override fun subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth): XmlStreamReader = + if (peek(1).terminates(lastToken)) { + // Special case—return an empty subtree _and_ advance the token. + nextToken() + EmptyXmlStreamReader(this) + } else { + ChildXmlStreamReader(this, subtreeStartDepth) + } +} + +/** + * A child (i.e., subtree) XML stream reader that terminates after returning to the depth at which it started. + * @param parent The [LexingXmlStreamReader] upon which this child reader is based. + * @param subtreeStartDepth The depth termination method. + */ +private class ChildXmlStreamReader( + private val parent: LexingXmlStreamReader, + private val subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth, +) : XmlStreamReader { + override val lastToken: XmlToken? + get() = parent.lastToken + + private val minimumDepth = when (subtreeStartDepth) { + XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CHILD -> lastToken?.depth?.plus(1) + XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CURRENT -> lastToken?.depth + } ?: error("Unable to determine depth of last node") + + /** + * Throws a [DeserializationException] with the given message and location string. + * @param msg The error message to include with the exception. + */ + @Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE") + inline fun error(msg: String): Nothing = parent.error(msg) + + override fun nextToken(): XmlToken? { + val next = parent.peek(1) ?: return null + + val peekToken = when { + subtreeStartDepth == XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CHILD && next.depth < minimumDepth -> { + val subsequent = parent.peek(2) ?: return null + if (subsequent.depth >= minimumDepth) parent.nextToken() + subsequent + } + else -> next + } + + return if (peekToken.depth >= minimumDepth) parent.nextToken() else null + } + + override fun peek(index: Int): XmlToken? { + val peekToken = parent.peek(index) ?: return null + return if (peekToken.depth >= minimumDepth) peekToken else null + } + + override fun skipNext() = parent.skipNext() + + override fun subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth): XmlStreamReader = + parent.subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth) +} + +/** + * An empty XML stream reader that trivially returns `null` for all [nextToken] and [peek] invocations. + * @param parent The [LexingXmlStreamReader] on which this child reader is based. + */ +private class EmptyXmlStreamReader(private val parent: XmlStreamReader) : XmlStreamReader { + override val lastToken: XmlToken? + get() = parent.lastToken + + override fun nextToken(): XmlToken? = null + + override fun peek(index: Int): XmlToken? = null + + override fun skipNext() = Unit + + override fun subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth): XmlStreamReader = this +} + +private fun List.getOrNull(index: Int): T? = if (index < size) this[index] else null diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/StringTextStream.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/StringTextStream.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a3e97d51c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/deserialization/StringTextStream.kt @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.deserialization + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.DeserializationException +import kotlin.math.max +import kotlin.math.min + +private val nonAscii = """[^\x20-\x7E]""".toRegex() + +/** + * A stream of text characters that can be processed sequentially. This stream maintains a current position (i.e., + * offset in the string) from which all reading operations begin. The stream is advanced by `read` operations. The + * stream is **not** advanced by `peek` operations. + * @param source The source text for this stream. + */ +class StringTextStream(private val source: String) { + private val end = source.length + private var offset = 0 + + /** + * Advance the position by the given [length]. Throws an exception if this would advance beyond the end of the + * stream. + * @param length The length by which to advance the stream position. + */ + fun advance(length: Int, errCondition: String) { + checkBounds(length, errCondition) + offset += length + } + + /** + * Advances the position if the given [text] is next in the stream. Otherwise, the offset is not updated. + * @param text The text to look for at the current offset. + * @return True if the given [text] was found and the offset was advanced; otherwise, false. + */ + fun advanceIf(text: String): Boolean = + if (source.startsWith(text, offset)) { + offset += text.length + true + } else { + false + } + + /** + * Advances the position until a whitespace character is found (i.e., one of ' ', '\r', '\n', '\t'). + */ + fun advanceUntilSpace() { + while (offset < end) { + val ch = source[offset] + if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\t') return + offset++ + } + } + + /** + * Advances the position until a non-whitespace character is found (i.e., not one of ' ', '\r', '\n', '\t'). + */ + fun advanceWhileSpace() { + while (offset < end) { + val ch = source[offset] + if (ch != ' ' && ch != '\r' && ch != '\n' && ch != '\t') return + offset++ + } + } + + /** + * Checks whether the bounds of the stream would be exceeded by advancing the given number of characters and, if so, + * throws an exception. + * @param length The amount beyond the current position to check. + * @param errCondition The condition to include in an error message if necessary. + */ + @Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE") + private inline fun checkBounds(length: Int, errCondition: String) { + if (offset + length > end) error("Unexpected end-of-doc while $errCondition") + } + + /** + * Throws a [DeserializationException] with the given message and location string. Automatically includes the + * current offset and a preview of the surrounding characters. For example: + * ``` + * DeserializationException: Error msg + * At offset 123 (showing range 120-126): + * !', + "amp" to '&', + "apos" to '\'', + "quot" to '"', +).mapValues { charArrayOf(it.value) } + +private fun XmlToken.QualifiedName.isXmlns(): Boolean = (local == "xmlns" && prefix == null) || (prefix == "xmlns") +private fun XmlToken.QualifiedName.xmlnsPrefix(): String? = if (local == "xmlns") null else local + +private typealias AttributeMap = Map +private fun AttributeMap.extractNsDeclarations(): Pair> { + val parts = toList().partition { it.first.isXmlns() } + val attributes = parts.second.toMap() + val nsDeclarations = parts.first.map { XmlToken.Namespace(it.second, it.first.xmlnsPrefix()) } + return attributes to nsDeclarations +} + +/** + * A lexer that scans a [StringTextStream] and reads [XmlToken] elements. + */ +class XmlLexer(internal val source: StringTextStream) { + private var state: LexerState = LexerState.Initial + + val endOfDocument: Boolean + get() = state == LexerState.EndOfDocument + + /** + * Throws a [DeserializationException] with the given message and location string. + * @param msg The error message to include with the exception. + */ + @Suppress("NOTHING_TO_INLINE") + internal inline fun error(msg: String): Nothing = source.error(msg) + + /** + * Parses the next token from the source. + * @return The next [XmlToken] in the source, or null if the end of the source has been reached. + */ + fun parseNext(): XmlToken? = when (val currentState = this.state) { + LexerState.EndOfDocument -> null + + is LexerState.Tag.EmptyTag -> { + state = currentState.parent ?: LexerState.EndOfDocument + // In this case we don't actually need to read more from the source because an empty tag is represented as + // a BeginElement (which was previously returned) and an EndElement (which will be returned now). + XmlToken.EndElement(currentState.depth, currentState.name) + } + + is LexerState.Tag.OpenTag -> + if (source.peekMatches("<") && !source.peekMatches(" { + skipPreprocessingInstructions() + state = LexerState.BeforeRootTag + parseNext() + } + + LexerState.BeforeRootTag -> { + skipSpace() + readTagToken() + } + } + + /** + * Reads an attribute key and value from the source. + */ + private fun readAttribute(): Pair { + val name = readName() + skipSpace() + + val equals = source.readOrThrow("trying to read attribute equals") + if (equals != '=') error("Unexpected '$equals' while trying to read attribute equals") + skipSpace() + + val value = readQuoted() + + return name to value + } + + /** + * Reads a CDATA section from the source. This assumes that the source position is immediately after the `", "trying to read CDATA content") + source.advance(3, "trying to read end of CATA") // Skip trailing `]]>` + return body + } + + /** + * Reads a tag or attribute name from the source. + */ + private fun readName(): XmlToken.QualifiedName = source.readWhileXmlName().qualify() + + /** + * Reads a quoted string from the source. The quotes may be single (') or double ("). + */ + private fun readQuoted(): String { + val quoteChar = source.readOrThrow("trying to read attribute value") + if (quoteChar != '\'' && quoteChar != '"') { + error("Unexpected '$quoteChar' while trying to read attribute value") + } + + return buildString { + while (true) { + when (val c = source.readOrThrow("trying to read a string")) { + '&' -> append(readReference()) + '<' -> error("Unexpected '<' while trying to read a string") + quoteChar -> break + else -> append(c) + } + } + } + } + + /** + * Reads a character reference (e.g., `#x1a2b;`) or entity reference (e.g., `apos;`) from the source. This assumes + * that the leading `&` has already been consumed. + */ + private fun readReference(): CharArray { + val ref = source.readUntil(";", "trying to read a char/entity reference") + source.advance(1, "trying to read the end of a char/entity reference") + + val decimalMatch = decimalCharRef.matchEntire(ref) + if (decimalMatch != null) { + val code = decimalMatch.groupValues[1].toInt() + return Char.codePointToChars(code) + } + + val hexMatch = hexCharRef.matchEntire(ref) + if (hexMatch != null) { + val code = hexMatch.groupValues[1].toInt(radix = 16) + return Char.codePointToChars(code) + } + + return namedRefs.getOrElse(ref) { error("Unknown reference '$ref'") } + } + + /** + * Reads a tag token from the source. + */ + private fun readTagToken(): XmlToken { + val lt = source.readOrThrow("looking for the start of a tag") + if (lt != '<') error("Unexpected character '$lt' while looking for the start of a tag") + + if (source.advanceIf("!--")) { + skipComment() + return parseNext()!! + } + + val token = if (source.advanceIf("/")) { + val openTagState = state as LexerState.Tag.OpenTag + val expectedName = openTagState.name + val actualName = readName() + if (actualName != expectedName) { + error("Unexpected '/$actualName' tag while looking for '/$expectedName' tag") + } + + skipSpace() + + val ch = source.readOrThrow("looking for the end of a tag") + if (ch != '>') error("Unexpected character '$ch' while looking for the end of a tag") + + state = openTagState.parent ?: LexerState.EndOfDocument + XmlToken.EndElement(openTagState.depth, actualName) + } else { + val openTagState = (state as? LexerState.Tag.OpenTag)?.copy(seenChildren = true) + + val name = readName() + skipSpace() + + val allAttributes = mutableMapOf() + var selfClosingTag = false + while (true) { + when (source.readOrThrow("looking for the end of a tag")) { + '/' -> { + selfClosingTag = true + break + } + + '>' -> break + + else -> { + source.rewind(1, "looking for the beginning of an attribute") + allAttributes += readAttribute() + } + } + skipSpace() + } + + val (attributes, nsDeclarations) = allAttributes.extractNsDeclarations() + + val nextState = if (selfClosingTag) { + val gt = source.readOrThrow("looking for the end of a tag") + if (gt != '>') error("Unexpected characters while looking for the end of a tag") + LexerState.Tag.EmptyTag(name, openTagState) + } else { + LexerState.Tag.OpenTag(name, openTagState, false) + } + + state = nextState + XmlToken.BeginElement(nextState.depth, name, attributes, nsDeclarations) + } + + return token + } + + /** + * Reads a text token from the source. + */ + private fun readTextToken(): XmlToken { + var isBlank = true + + val text = buildString { + while (true) { + when (val nextCh = source.readOrThrow("reading text node")) { + ' ', '\t', '\r', '\n' -> append(nextCh) + + '<' -> when { + source.advanceIf("!--") -> skipComment() + + source.advanceIf("![CDATA[") -> { + append(readCdata()) + isBlank = false + } + + else -> { + source.rewind(1, "looking for the beginning of a tag") + break + } + } + + '&' -> { + isBlank = false + append(readReference()) + } + + else -> { + isBlank = false + append(nextCh) + } + } + } + } + + val openTagState = state as LexerState.Tag.OpenTag + val openTagIsMostRecent = openTagState.seenChildren + val closeTagIsNext = source.peekMatches("`). + */ + private fun skipComment() { + source.readThrough("-->", "looking for the end of a comment") + } + + /** + * Skips preprocessing instructions (e.g., ``) if any are found. Also skips spaces before/after + * preprocessing instructions. + */ + private fun skipPreprocessingInstructions() { + skipSpace() + + while (source.advanceIf("")) { + readAttribute() + skipSpace() + } + + skipSpace() + } + } + + /** + * Skips whitespaces. + */ + private fun skipSpace() { + source.advanceWhileSpace() + } + + /** + * Parses a string name into an [XmlToken.QualifiedName]. + */ + private fun String.qualify(): XmlToken.QualifiedName { + val parts = split(':') + if (parts.any(String::isEmpty)) error("Cannot understand qualified name '$this'") + + return when (parts.size) { + 1 -> XmlToken.QualifiedName(parts[0]) + 2 -> XmlToken.QualifiedName(parts[1], parts[0]) + else -> error("Cannot understand qualified name '$this'") + } + } +} diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/BufferingXmlStreamWriter.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/BufferingXmlStreamWriter.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1258ecce8a --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/BufferingXmlStreamWriter.kt @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.serialization + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.SerializationException +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlStreamWriter +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlToken.QualifiedName + +/** + * An object that buffers XML tags into an output string (via [toString]) or byte array (via [bytes]). + */ +internal class BufferingXmlStreamWriter(val pretty: Boolean = false) : XmlStreamWriter { + private val buffer = StringBuilder() + private val nsAttributes = mutableMapOf() + private val tagWriterStack = ArrayDeque() + + /** + * Gets the byte serialization for this writer. Note that this will call [endDocument] first, closing all open tags. + */ + override val bytes: ByteArray + get() = text.encodeToByteArray() + + /** + * Gets the text serialization for this writer. Note that this will call [endDocument] first, closing all open tags. + */ + override val text: String + get() { + endDocument() + return buffer.toString() + } + + /** + * Adds an attribute to the current tag in this writer. + * @param name The local name of the attribute + * @param value The value of the attribute + * @param namespace The namespace of this attribute (or `null` for no namespace) + */ + override fun attribute(name: String, value: String?, namespace: String?): XmlStreamWriter { + val qName = QualifiedName(name, namespace) + requireWriter().attribute(qName, value) + return this + } + + /** + * Ends this document by closing all open tags. + */ + override fun endDocument() { + var top = tagWriterStack.lastOrNull() + while (top != null) { + endTag(top.qName) + top = tagWriterStack.lastOrNull() + } + } + + /** + * Closes the most-recently opened tag. If the given [name] and [namespace] do not match the most-recently opened + * tag an exception is thrown. + * @param name The local name of the tag to close. + * @param namespace The namespace of the tag to close (or `null` for no namespace). + */ + override fun endTag(name: String, namespace: String?): XmlStreamWriter = endTag(QualifiedName(name, namespace)) + + private fun endTag(qName: QualifiedName): XmlStreamWriter { + val childWriter = tagWriterStack.removeLastOrNull() + ?: throw SerializationException("Unexpected end of tag while no tags are open") + + if (childWriter.qName != qName) { + throw SerializationException("Tried to end tag $qName but expected end of ${childWriter.qName} tag") + } + + if (tagWriterStack.isEmpty()) childWriter.write(buffer) + return this + } + + /** + * Declares a namespace prefix for an upcoming tag (i.e., this is called before the [startTag] method 🤷‍). + * @param uri The URI for the namespace. + * @param prefix The name of the namespace which will form a prefix for tag/attribute names which utilize it. + */ + override fun namespacePrefix(uri: String, prefix: String?) { + val attrQName = if (prefix == null) QualifiedName("xmlns") else QualifiedName(prefix, "xmlns") + nsAttributes[attrQName] = uri + } + + private fun requireWriter(): LazyTagWriter { + if (tagWriterStack.isEmpty()) { + throw SerializationException("Attempted to serialize text or attribute without containing tag") + } + return tagWriterStack.last() + } + + /** + * Starts this XML document by writing the XML declaration (e.g., ``). + */ + override fun startDocument() { + buffer.append("""""") + if (pretty) buffer.appendLine() + } + + /** + * Starts a child tag. Note that this accumulates outstanding namespace declarations into attributes for the tag. + * @param name The local name of the tag. + * @param namespace The namespace of the tag (or `null` for no namespace). + */ + override fun startTag(name: String, namespace: String?): XmlStreamWriter { + val currentWriter = tagWriterStack.lastOrNull() + val currentIndent = currentWriter?.indentLevel ?: -1 + + val qName = QualifiedName(name, namespace) + val childWriter = LazyTagWriter(pretty, currentIndent + 1, qName, nsAttributes) + nsAttributes.clear() + + currentWriter?.childTag(childWriter) + tagWriterStack.addLast(childWriter) + + return this + } + + /** + * Adds a child text node to the most-recently opened tag. + */ + override fun text(text: String): XmlStreamWriter { + requireWriter().text(text) + return this + } +} diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/LazyTagWriter.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/LazyTagWriter.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0344ad2f9f --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/LazyTagWriter.kt @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.serialization + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlToken.QualifiedName + +private const val INDENT_PER_LEVEL = " " + +/** + * An object that accumulates information for a single XML tag (e.g., attributes, child nodes, etc.) and lazily writes + * upon calling [write]. + * @param pretty A flag which indicates whether written output should be "pretty" or not. See definition of "pretty" at + * [BufferingXmlStreamWriter]. + * @param indentLevel The indentation level of the current writer. This only matters if [pretty] is `true`. + * @param qName The [QualifiedName] of this tag. + * @param nsAttributes The namespace declaration attributes for this tag (as a [Map] of [QualifiedName] keys to [String] + * values). + */ +internal class LazyTagWriter( + val pretty: Boolean, + val indentLevel: Int, + val qName: QualifiedName, + val nsAttributes: Map, +) { + private val attributes = mutableMapOf() + private val children = mutableListOf() + private val tagIndentationSpace = INDENT_PER_LEVEL.repeat(indentLevel) + private val textIndentationSpace = INDENT_PER_LEVEL.repeat(indentLevel + 1) + + init { + attributes.putAll(nsAttributes) + } + + /** + * Adds an attribute to this tag. + * @param qName The [QualifiedName] of the attribute. + * @param value The value of the attribute. + */ + fun attribute(qName: QualifiedName, value: String?) { + attributes[qName] = value + } + + /** + * Adds a child tag to this (parent) tag. + * @param childWriter The already-initialized [LazyTagWriter] for the child. + */ + fun childTag(childWriter: LazyTagWriter) { + children.add(TagChild.Tag(childWriter)) + } + + /** + * Adds a child text node to this tag. + * @param text The contents of the text node. + */ + fun text(text: String) { + children.add(TagChild.Text(text)) + } + + /** + * Writes the accumulated information about this tag to the given [buffer]. Note that this function recursively + * calls [write] on all child tag writers. Thus, it only needs to be called explicitly for the root tag writer. + * @param buffer The [StringBuilder] in which to write the serialized tag. + */ + fun write(buffer: StringBuilder) { + buffer + .appendIfPretty(tagIndentationSpace) + .append('<') + .append(qName) + + attributes.forEach { e -> + buffer + .append(' ') + .append(e.key) + .append("=\"") + + val value = e.value + if (value != null) buffer.appendXmlEscapedForAttribute(value) + + buffer.append('"') + } + + when { + children.isEmpty() -> { + // Self closing tag (e.g., ``) + buffer + .appendIfPretty(" ") + .append("/>") + .appendLineIfPretty() + } + + children.size == 1 && children.first() is TagChild.Text -> { + // Text inline tag (e.g., `bar`) + buffer + .append('>') + .appendXmlEscaped((children.first() as TagChild.Text).text) + .append("') + .appendLineIfPretty() + } + + else -> { + // Nesting tag (e.g., ` + // + // ... + // + // `) + buffer + .append('>') + .appendLineIfPretty() + + children.forEach { child -> + when (child) { + is TagChild.Text -> { + buffer + .appendIfPretty(textIndentationSpace) + .appendXmlEscaped(child.text) + .appendLineIfPretty() + } + + is TagChild.Tag -> child.lazyTagWriter.write(buffer) + } + } + + buffer + .appendIfPretty(tagIndentationSpace) + .append("') + .appendLineIfPretty() + } + } + } + + private fun StringBuilder.appendIfPretty(text: String): StringBuilder { + if (pretty) append(text) + return this + } + + private fun StringBuilder.appendLineIfPretty(): StringBuilder { + if (pretty) appendLine() + return this + } + + private fun StringBuilder.appendXmlEscaped(text: String): StringBuilder { + text.forEach { char -> + when (char) { + '<' -> append("<") + '>' -> append(">") + '&' -> append("&") + in '\u0000'..'\u001F' -> append("&#x${char.hexCode()};") + '\u0085' -> append("…") + '\u2028' -> append("
") + else -> append(char) + } + } + return this + } + + private fun StringBuilder.appendXmlEscapedForAttribute(text: String): StringBuilder { + text.forEach { char -> + when (char) { + '<' -> append("<") + '>' -> append(">") + '&' -> append("&") + '"' -> append(""") + in '\u0000'..'\u001F' -> append("&#x${char.hexCode()};") + '\u0085' -> append("…") + '\u2028' -> append("
") + else -> append(char) + } + } + return this + } +} + +/** + * Encodes a character code to hex (e.g., '\n' → "A") + */ +private fun Char.hexCode(): String = code.toString(radix = 16).uppercase() diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/TagChild.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/TagChild.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..560aafe38f --- /dev/null +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/serialization/TagChild.kt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.serialization + +/** + * Represents a child node of an XML tag. + */ +internal sealed class TagChild { + /** + * A child tag node. + * @param lazyTagWriter The [LazyTagWriter] for the given child. + */ + data class Tag(val lazyTagWriter: LazyTagWriter) : TagChild() + + /** + * A child text node. + * @param text The text of the node. + */ + data class Text(val text: String) : TagChild() +} diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlSerializerTest.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlSerializerTest.kt index 3a4b9c7797..2015395231 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlSerializerTest.kt +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlSerializerTest.kt @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ class XmlSerializerTest { } val expected = """ - + """.toXmlCompactString() assertEquals(expected, serializer.toByteArray().decodeToString()) @@ -832,10 +832,10 @@ class XmlSerializerTest { field(nestedDescriptor, nestedSerializer) } - // ... the order these attributes come out w.r.t namespaces is not well defined + // The order these attributes come out in exactly the order they're put in (as defined by XmlSerializer). val expected = """ - + """.toXmlCompactString() diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderTest.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderTest.kt index 012ad7c301..31e2673d28 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderTest.kt +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderTest.kt @@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { // Test that input contains a single TEXT assertEquals(3, actual.size) - assertTrue(actual[0] is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(actual[1] is XmlToken.Text) - assertTrue(actual[2] is XmlToken.EndElement) + assertIs(actual[0]) + assertIs(actual[1]) + assertIs(actual[2]) assertTrue((actual[1] as XmlToken.Text).value!!.isNotEmpty()) } @@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { val actual = xmlStreamReader(payload).allTokens() println(actual) - assertEquals(actual.size, 6) - assertTrue(actual.first() is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue((actual.first() as XmlToken.BeginElement).name.local == "payload") + assertEquals(6, actual.size) + assertIs(actual.first()) + assertEquals("payload", (actual.first() as XmlToken.BeginElement).name.local) } @Test @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { } val nt = reader.peek() - assertTrue(nt is XmlToken.BeginElement) + assertIs(nt) assertEquals("unknown", nt.name.local) reader.skipNext() @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { } reader.skipNext() - assertTrue(reader.peek() is XmlToken.BeginElement) + assertIs(reader.peek()) val zElement = reader.nextToken() as XmlToken.BeginElement assertEquals("z", zElement.name.local) @@ -296,26 +296,71 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { """.trimIndent().encodeToByteArray() val reader = xmlStreamReader(payload) - assertTrue(reader.lastToken?.depth == 1, "Expected to start at level 1") + assertNull(reader.lastToken, "Expected to start with null lastToken") var peekedToken = reader.peek() - assertTrue(peekedToken is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(peekedToken.name.local == "l1") - assertTrue(reader.lastToken?.depth == 1, "Expected peek to not effect level") + assertIs(peekedToken) + assertEquals("l1", peekedToken.name.local) + assertNull(reader.lastToken, "Expected peek to not effect lastToken") reader.nextToken() // consumed l1 + assertEquals(1, reader.lastToken?.depth, "Expected level 1") peekedToken = reader.nextToken() // consumed l2 - assertTrue(reader.lastToken?.depth == 2, "Expected level 2") - assertTrue(peekedToken is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(peekedToken.name.local == "l2") + assertEquals(2, reader.lastToken?.depth, "Expected level 2") + assertIs(peekedToken) + assertEquals("l2", peekedToken.name.local) reader.peek() - assertTrue(reader.lastToken?.depth == 2, "Expected peek to not effect level") + assertEquals(2, reader.lastToken?.depth, "Expected peek to not effect level") peekedToken = reader.nextToken() - assertTrue(reader.lastToken?.depth == 3, "Expected level 3") - assertTrue(peekedToken is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(peekedToken.name.local == "l3") + assertEquals(3, reader.lastToken?.depth, "Expected level 3") + assertIs(peekedToken) + assertEquals("l3", peekedToken.name.local) reader.peek() - assertTrue(reader.lastToken?.depth == 3, "Expected peek to not effect level") + assertEquals(3, reader.lastToken?.depth, "Expected peek to not effect level") + } + + @Test + fun itPeeksWithoutImpactingLastToken() { + val payload = """ + + + + Whee + + + + + + + + + """.trimIndent().encodeToByteArray() + val reader = xmlStreamReader(payload) + + assertNull(reader.lastToken, "Expected to start with null lastToken") + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(1, "a"), reader.peek(1)) + assertNull(reader.lastToken, "Expected peek not to affect lastToken") + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "b"), reader.peek(2)) + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(2, "b"), reader.peek(3)) + assertNull(reader.lastToken, "Expected peek not to affect lastToken") + + reader.nextToken() + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(1, "a")) + reader.nextToken() + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "b")) + reader.nextToken() + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.EndElement(2, "b")) + reader.nextToken() + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "c")) + reader.nextToken() + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "d")) + + assertEquals(XmlToken.Text(3, "Whee"), reader.peek(1)) + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "d"), "Expected peek not to affect lastToken") + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(3, "d"), reader.peek(2)) + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "d"), "Expected peek not to affect lastToken") + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(2, "c"), reader.peek(3)) + assertEquals(reader.lastToken, XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "d"), "Expected peek not to affect lastToken") } @Test @@ -400,8 +445,8 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { var unit = xmlStreamReader(payload) val token = unit.nextToken() - assertTrue(token is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(token.name.local == "root") + assertIs(token) + assertEquals("root", token.name.local) var subTree1 = unit.subTreeReader() var subTree1Elements = subTree1.allTokens() @@ -448,6 +493,57 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { assertEquals(expected3, subTree1Elements) } + @Test + fun itHandlesSubreadersCorrectly() { + val payload = """ + + + + a + b + c + + + d + e + + f + + + + + + + + """.encodeToByteArray() + val reader = xmlStreamReader(payload) + + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(1, "outermost"), reader.nextToken()) + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "outer-1"), reader.nextToken()) + + var subreader = reader.subTreeReader(XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CHILD) // Children of = ∅ + assertNull(subreader.nextToken(), "Expected no children for node") + + // Special case for empty subtrees: advance lastToken to the end element + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(2, "outer-1"), reader.lastToken) + + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "outer-2"), reader.nextToken()) + subreader = reader.subTreeReader((XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CHILD)) // 3 child tags with text + ('a'..'c').forEach { + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "inner-$it"), subreader.peek(1)) + assertEquals(XmlToken.Text(3, "$it"), subreader.peek(2)) + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(3, "inner-$it"), subreader.peek(3)) + + assertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "inner-$it"), subreader.nextToken()) + assertEquals(XmlToken.Text(3, "$it"), subreader.nextToken()) + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(3, "inner-$it"), subreader.nextToken()) + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(3, "inner-$it"), subreader.lastToken) + } + assertNull(subreader.nextToken(), "Expected no more children for node") + + assertEquals(XmlToken.EndElement(2, "outer-2"), reader.nextToken()) + } + @Test fun itHandlesPeekingMultipleLevels() { val payload = """ @@ -465,26 +561,26 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { val aToken = actual.peek(2) val rTokenTake = actual.nextToken() - assertTrue(rTokenPeek is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(rTokenPeek.name.local == "r") + assertIs(rTokenPeek) + assertEquals("r", rTokenPeek.name.local) - assertTrue(aToken is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(aToken.name.local == "a") + assertIs(aToken) + assertEquals("a", aToken.name.local) - assertTrue(rTokenTake is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(rTokenTake.name.local == "r") + assertIs(rTokenTake) + assertEquals("r", rTokenTake.name.local) val bToken = actual.peek(2) - assertTrue(bToken is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(bToken.name.local == "b") + assertIs(bToken) + assertEquals("b", bToken.name.local) val aTokenTake = actual.nextToken() - assertTrue(aTokenTake is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(aTokenTake.name.local == "a") + assertIs(aTokenTake) + assertEquals("a", aTokenTake.name.local) - val aCloseToken = actual.peek(4) - assertTrue(aCloseToken is XmlToken.EndElement) - assertTrue(aTokenTake.name.local == "a") + val aCloseToken = actual.peek(5) // 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: + assertIs(aCloseToken) + assertEquals("a", aCloseToken.name.local) val restOfTokens = actual.allTokens() assertEquals(restOfTokens.size, 6) @@ -505,19 +601,19 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { // match text node contents val textNode = unit.seek { text -> text.value == "some text" } - assertTrue(textNode is XmlToken.Text) - assertTrue(textNode.value == "some text") + assertIs(textNode) + assertEquals("some text", textNode.value) unit = xmlStreamReader(payload) // match begin node of depth 2 val l2Node = unit.seek { it.depth == 2 } - assertTrue(l2Node is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(l2Node.name.local == "a") + assertIs(l2Node) + assertEquals("a", l2Node.name.local) // verify next token is correct val nextNode = unit.nextToken() - assertTrue(nextNode is XmlToken.BeginElement) - assertTrue(nextNode.name.local == "b") + assertIs(nextNode) + assertEquals("b", nextNode.name.local) // verify no match produces null unit = xmlStreamReader(payload) @@ -540,14 +636,115 @@ class XmlStreamReaderTest { invalidTextList.forEach { testCase -> val input = "$testCase".encodeToByteArray() - // FIXME ~ XPP throws NPE here due to invalid internal state. Once we have a better - // XML parser we should expect a specific parse exception. - assertFails { + val ex = assertFailsWith { val actual = xmlStreamReader(input) actual.allTokens() } + assertTrue(ex.message!!.contains("reference"), "Expected error message to contain the word 'reference'") } } + + @Test + fun itHandlesWhitespaceCorrectly() { + val payload = """ + + + No leading/trailing spaces + Leading spaces + Trailing spaces + Leading/trailing spaces + Leading text + Trailing text + + + + + + """.encodeToByteArray() + var reader = xmlStreamReader(payload) + + fun readAndAssertEquals(vararg tokens: XmlToken) { + tokens.forEach { + assertEquals(it, reader.nextToken()) + } + } + + readAndAssertEquals(XmlToken.BeginElement(1, "doc")) + + // No text nodes because they're all blank and a child tag exists + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "a"), + XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "b"), + XmlToken.EndElement(3, "b"), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "a"), + ) + + // A single text node + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "c"), + XmlToken.Text(2, "No leading/trailing spaces"), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "c"), + ) + + // Text node with leading space + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "d"), + XmlToken.Text(2, " Leading spaces"), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "d"), + ) + + // Text node with trailing space + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "e"), + XmlToken.Text(2, "Trailing spaces "), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "e"), + ) + + // Text node with leading & trailing space + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "f"), + XmlToken.Text(2, " Leading/trailing spaces "), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "f"), + ) + + // Text node before , no text node afterward + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "g"), + XmlToken.Text(2, " Leading text "), + XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "h"), + XmlToken.EndElement(3, "h"), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "g"), + ) + + // Text node after , no text node before + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, "i"), + XmlToken.BeginElement(3, "j"), + XmlToken.EndElement(3, "j"), + XmlToken.Text(2, " Trailing text "), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, "i"), + ) + + // Variations on blank text nodes + ('k'..'n').map(Char::toString).forEach { + readAndAssertEquals( + XmlToken.BeginElement(2, it), + XmlToken.Text(2, " "), + XmlToken.EndElement(2, it), + ) + } + } + + @Test + fun itHandlesCdata() { + val payload = """ + This is a ]]> of CDATA + """.encodeToByteArray() + var reader = xmlStreamReader(payload) + + reader.nextToken() + assertEquals(XmlToken.Text(1, "This is a of CDATA"), reader.nextToken()) + } } fun XmlStreamReader.allTokens(): List { diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterTest.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterTest.kt index dc3b1364a8..33a1a6e423 100644 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterTest.kt +++ b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/common/test/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterTest.kt @@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class XmlStreamWriterTest { assertEquals(expectedIdempotent, writer.bytes.decodeToString()) } - private fun generateSimpleDocument() = xmlStreamWriter(true).apply { - startDocument(null, null) + private fun generateSimpleDocument() = xmlStreamWriter().apply { + startDocument() startTag("id") text(912345678901.toString()) endTag("id") @@ -68,20 +68,19 @@ class XmlStreamWriterTest { writer.endTag("batch") // adapted from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cloudsearch/latest/developerguide/documents-batch-xml.html - val expected = """The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising""" + val expected = """The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising""" - assertEquals(expected, writer.toString()) + assertEquals(expected, writer.text) } // The following escape tests were adapted from // https://github.com/awslabs/smithy-rs/blob/c15289a7163cb6344b088a0ee39244df2967070a/rust-runtime/smithy-xml/src/unescape.rs @Test fun itHandlesEscaping() { - // FIXME ~ the commented out tests do not pass the XPP parser. Once new parser is in place they should pass. val testCases = mapOf( - // "< > ' \" &" to """< > ' " &""", + "< > ' \" &" to """< > ' " &""", """hello 🍕!""" to """hello 🍕!""", - // """ac\"d'e&f;;""" to """a<b>c"d'e&f;;""", + """ac\"d'e&f;;""" to """a<b>c\"d'e&f;;""", "\n" to """ """, "\r" to """ """ ) @@ -93,10 +92,27 @@ class XmlStreamWriterTest { writer.text(input) writer.endTag("a") - assertEquals(expected, writer.toString()) + assertEquals(expected, writer.text) } } + @Test + fun itHandlesNonAsciiCharacters() { + val tag = "textTest" + val payload = (0..1023).map(Int::toChar).joinToString("") + + val writer = xmlStreamWriter() + writer.startTag(tag) + writer.text(payload) + writer.endTag(tag) + val serialized = writer.bytes + + val reader = xmlStreamReader(serialized) + reader.nextToken() // opening tag + val textToken = reader.nextToken() as XmlToken.Text + assertEquals(payload, textToken.value) + } + /** * The set of EOL characters and their corresponding escaped form are: * @@ -123,7 +139,7 @@ class XmlStreamWriterTest { writer.text(input) writer.endTag("a") - assertEquals(expected, writer.toString()) + assertEquals(expected, writer.text) } } } @@ -199,27 +215,28 @@ class Message(val id: Long, val text: String, val geo: Array?, val user: data class User(val name: String, val followersCount: Int) val expected: String = """ - - - 912345678901 - How do I stream XML in Java? - - - xml_newb - 41 - - - - 912345678902 - @xml_newb just use XmlWriter! - - 50.454722 - -104.606667 - - - jesse - 2 - - - + + + 912345678901 + How do I stream XML in Java? + + + xml_newb + 41 + + + + 912345678902 + @xml_newb just use XmlWriter! + + 50.454722 + -104.606667 + + + jesse + 2 + + + + """.trimIndent() diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderXmlPull.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderXmlPull.kt deleted file mode 100644 index f2fb401bd9..0000000000 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamReaderXmlPull.kt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,273 +0,0 @@ -/* - * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. - * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. - */ - -package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml - -import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.DeserializationException -import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.util.push -import org.xmlpull.mxp1.MXParser -import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser -import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException -import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory -import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream -import java.nio.charset.Charset - -actual fun xmlStreamReader(payload: ByteArray): XmlStreamReader = - XmlStreamReaderXmlPull(XmlStreamReaderXmlPull.xmlPullParserFactory(payload)) - -internal class XmlStreamReaderXmlPull( - private val parser: XmlPullParser, - private val minimumDepth: Int = parser.depth -) : XmlStreamReader { - - companion object { - fun xmlPullParserFactory(payload: ByteArray, charset: Charset = Charsets.UTF_8): XmlPullParser { - val factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance("org.xmlpull.mxp1.MXParser", null) - val parser = factory.newPullParser() - parser.setFeature(MXParser.FEATURE_PROCESS_NAMESPACES, true) - parser.setInput(ByteArrayInputStream(payload), charset.toString()) - return parser - } - } - - private val peekStack = mutableListOf(parser.takeNextValidToken()) - private var _lastToken = parser.lastToken() - - // In the case that a text node contains escaped characters, - // the parser returns each of these as independent tokens however - // they only represent a subset of the text value of a node. To - // deal with this we introduce a sub-token parsing mode in which - // tokens are read and concatenated such that the client is only aware of - // the complete Text values. - private val subTokenStack = mutableListOf() - - override val lastToken: XmlToken? - get() = _lastToken - - override fun subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth): XmlStreamReader { - val currentReader = this - val previousToken = lastToken - val nextToken = internalPeek(1) - - if (nextToken.terminates(previousToken)) { // There is nothing in the subtree to return - _lastToken = nextToken() // consume the subtree so parsing can continue - return TerminalReader(currentReader) - } - - val subTreeDepth = when (subtreeStartDepth) { - XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CHILD -> _lastToken?.depth?.plus(1) - XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CURRENT -> _lastToken?.depth - } ?: throw DeserializationException("Unable to determine last node depth in $this") - - return SubTreeReader(this, subtreeStartDepth, subTreeDepth) - } - - override fun nextToken(): XmlToken? { - if (!hasNext()) return null - - return when (peekStack.isEmpty()) { - true -> parser.takeNextValidToken() - false -> peekStack.removeAt(0) - }.also { token -> - this._lastToken = token - } - } - - // This does one of three things: - // 1: if the next token is BeginElement, then that node is skipped - // 2: if the next token is Text or EndElement, read tokens until the end of the current node is exited - // 3: if the next token is EndDocument, NOP - override fun skipNext() { - if (internalPeek(1).isTerminal()) return - - traverseNode(nextToken() ?: error("nextToken() unexpectedly returned null"), parser.depth) - } - - override fun peek(index: Int): XmlToken? { - val peekState = internalPeek(index) - - return if (peekState.isTerminal(minimumDepth)) null else peekState - } - - private fun internalPeek(index: Int): XmlToken? { - while (peekStack.size < index && parser.lastToken() != XmlToken.EndDocument) { - peekStack.push(parser.takeNextValidToken()) - } - - return if (peekStack.size >= index) peekStack[index - 1] else null - } - - private fun hasNext(): Boolean { - val lastToken = parser.lastToken() - val nextToken = internalPeek(1) ?: return false - - return lastToken.isNotTerminal() && nextToken.isNotTerminal(minimumDepth) - } - - private tailrec fun traverseNode(st: XmlToken, startDepth: Int) { - if (st == XmlToken.EndDocument) return - if (st is XmlToken.EndElement && parser.depth == startDepth) return - val next = nextToken() ?: return - require(parser.depth >= startDepth) { "Traversal depth ${parser.depth} exceeded start node depth $startDepth" } - return traverseNode(next, startDepth) - } - - override fun toString(): String = "XmlStreamReader(last: $lastToken)" - - private fun XmlPullParser.takeNextValidToken(): XmlToken { - try { - do { - this.next() - } while (lastToken() == null) - - return lastToken() - ?: throw DeserializationException(IllegalStateException("Unexpectedly unable to get next token")) - } catch (e: XmlPullParserException) { - throw DeserializationException(e) - } - } - - // Use the existence of sub tokens to determine if in general - // parsing mode or in sub token parsing mode. - private val isGeneralParseMode get() = subTokenStack.isEmpty() - - // Return the last valid token consumed as XmlToken, or null - // if last token was not of a type we care about. - private fun XmlPullParser.lastToken(): XmlToken? = - when (this.eventType) { - XmlPullParser.START_DOCUMENT -> null - XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT -> XmlToken.EndDocument - XmlPullParser.START_TAG -> XmlToken.BeginElement( - depth, - qualifiedName(), - attributes(), - currDeclaredNamespaces() - ) - XmlPullParser.END_TAG -> when { - isGeneralParseMode -> XmlToken.EndElement(depth, parser.qualifiedName()) - else -> { - val textValue = subTokenStack.joinToString(separator = "") { it } - val textToken = XmlToken.Text(depth, textValue) - subTokenStack.clear() - // Adding the synthetic text token to the peek stack and also returning it to the caller. - // This is because the returned value is discarded by internalPeek() and the token - // is read from peekStack. However we must return a value to signal that tokens are - // available. - peekStack.add(0, textToken) - textToken - } - } - XmlPullParser.CDSECT, - XmlPullParser.DOCDECL, - XmlPullParser.TEXT -> when { - parser.text.isNullOrBlank() -> null - isGeneralParseMode -> XmlToken.Text(depth, text) - else -> { - subTokenStack.push(parser.text) - null - } - } - XmlPullParser.ENTITY_REF -> { - if (parser.text.isNotBlank()) subTokenStack.push(parser.text) // Add escaped character to sub token stack - null - } - else -> null - } -} - -/** - * Provides access to a subset of the XmlStream based on nodedepth. - * @param currentReader parent reader. - * @param subtreeStartDepth Take from current or child node depth. - * @param minimumDepth minimum depth of the subtree - */ -private class SubTreeReader( - private val currentReader: XmlStreamReader, - private val subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth, - private val minimumDepth: Int -) : XmlStreamReader { - override val lastToken: XmlToken? - get() = currentReader.lastToken - - override fun subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth): XmlStreamReader = - currentReader.subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth) - - override fun nextToken(): XmlToken? { - var peekToken = currentReader.peek(1) ?: return null - - if (subtreeStartDepth == XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth.CHILD && peekToken.depth < minimumDepth) { - // Special case when a CHILD subtree is created on an end node, the next node will be a sibling - // and fail the depth test. In this case check the next node and if passed depth test skip to - // it and return. - peekToken = currentReader.peek(2) ?: return null - if (peekToken.depth >= minimumDepth) currentReader.nextToken() - } - - return if (peekToken.depth >= minimumDepth) currentReader.nextToken() else null - } - - override fun skipNext() { - currentReader.skipNext() - } - - override fun peek(index: Int): XmlToken? { - val peekToken = currentReader.peek(index) ?: return null - - return if (peekToken.depth >= minimumDepth) peekToken else null - } - - override fun toString(): String = "$currentReader (subTree $minimumDepth)" -} - -// A reader for a subtree with no children -private class TerminalReader(private val parent: XmlStreamReader) : XmlStreamReader { - override val lastToken: XmlToken? - get() = parent.lastToken - - override fun subTreeReader(subtreeStartDepth: XmlStreamReader.SubtreeStartDepth): XmlStreamReader = this - - override fun nextToken(): XmlToken? = null - - override fun skipNext() = Unit - - override fun peek(index: Int): XmlToken? = null -} - -private fun XmlPullParser.qualifiedName(): XmlToken.QualifiedName = - XmlToken.QualifiedName(name, prefix.blankToNull()) - -// Return attribute map from attributes of current node -private fun XmlPullParser.attributes(): Map = - when (attributeCount) { - 0 -> emptyMap() - else -> (0 until attributeCount) - .asSequence() - .map { attributeIndex -> - XmlToken.QualifiedName( - getAttributeName(attributeIndex), - getAttributePrefix(attributeIndex).blankToNull() - ) to getAttributeValue(attributeIndex) - } - .toMap() - } - -// get a list of all namespaces declared in this element -private fun XmlPullParser.currDeclaredNamespaces(): List { - val nsStart = getNamespaceCount(depth - 1) - val nsEnd = getNamespaceCount(depth) - if (nsStart >= nsEnd) return emptyList() - val decls = mutableListOf() - for (i in nsStart until nsEnd) { - val prefix = getNamespacePrefix(i) - val ns = getNamespaceUri(i) - decls.add(XmlToken.Namespace(ns, prefix)) - } - return decls -} - -private fun String?.blankToNull(): String? = if (this?.isBlank() == true) null else this - -// Specific string to be able to eye-ball log output to determine node depth -private fun Int.indent(): String = ". .".repeat(this - 1) diff --git a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterXmlPull.kt b/runtime/serde/serde-xml/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterXmlPull.kt deleted file mode 100644 index 3ee0b374c2..0000000000 --- a/runtime/serde/serde-xml/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/runtime/serde/xml/XmlStreamWriterXmlPull.kt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,89 +0,0 @@ -/* - * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. - * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. - */ - -package aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml - -import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory -import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer -import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream -import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets - -class XmlPullSerializer(pretty: Boolean, private val serializer: XmlSerializer = xmlSerializerFactory()) : - XmlStreamWriter { - - // Content is serialized to this buffer. - private val buffer = ByteArrayOutputStream() - - init { - serializer.setOutput(buffer, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()) - if (pretty) { - serializer.setProperty("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#serializer-indentation", " ".repeat(4)) - serializer.setProperty("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#serializer-line-separator", "\n") - } else { - serializer.setProperty("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#serializer-indentation", null) - serializer.setProperty("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/properties.html#serializer-line-separator", null) - } - } - - companion object { - private fun xmlSerializerFactory(): XmlSerializer { - val factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance( - "org.xmlpull.mxp1_serializer.MXSerializer", null - ) - return factory.newSerializer() - } - } - - override fun startDocument(encoding: String?, standalone: Boolean?) { - serializer.startDocument(encoding, standalone) - } - - override fun endDocument() { - serializer.endDocument() - } - - override fun startTag(name: String, namespace: String?): XmlStreamWriter { - serializer.startTag(namespace, name) - return this - } - - override fun attribute(name: String, value: String?, namespace: String?): XmlStreamWriter { - serializer.attribute(namespace, name, value) - return this - } - - override fun endTag(name: String, namespace: String?): XmlStreamWriter { - serializer.endTag(namespace, name) - return this - } - - override fun text(text: String): XmlStreamWriter { - text.forEach { character -> - when (character) { - '\n' -> serializer.entityRef("#xA") - '\r' -> serializer.entityRef("#xD") - '\u0085' -> serializer.entityRef("#x85") - '\u2028' -> serializer.entityRef("#x2028") - else -> serializer.text(character.toString()) - } - } - return this - } - - override fun namespacePrefix(uri: String, prefix: String?) { - serializer.setPrefix(prefix ?: "", uri) - } - - override fun toString(): String = String(bytes) - - override val bytes: ByteArray - get() { - serializer.endDocument() - serializer.flush() - return buffer.toByteArray() - } -} - -internal actual fun xmlStreamWriter(pretty: Boolean): XmlStreamWriter = XmlPullSerializer(pretty) diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/BenchmarkProtocolGenerator.kt similarity index 68% rename from tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator.kt rename to tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/BenchmarkProtocolGenerator.kt index 786a5060b5..03a7df2da5 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator.kt +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/BenchmarkProtocolGenerator.kt @@ -8,34 +8,27 @@ import software.amazon.smithy.codegen.core.Symbol import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.core.RuntimeTypes import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.core.withBlock import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.protocol.* -import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.serde.* import software.amazon.smithy.model.Model import software.amazon.smithy.model.shapes.OperationShape import software.amazon.smithy.model.shapes.ServiceShape -import software.amazon.smithy.model.shapes.ShapeId import software.amazon.smithy.model.traits.TimestampFormatTrait -/** - * Protocol generator for benchmark protocol [SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol] - */ -class SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator : HttpBindingProtocolGenerator() { - override val defaultTimestampFormat: TimestampFormatTrait.Format = TimestampFormatTrait.Format.EPOCH_SECONDS - override val protocol: ShapeId = SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.ID +abstract class BenchmarkProtocolGenerator : HttpBindingProtocolGenerator() { + abstract val contentTypes: ProtocolContentTypes - override fun getProtocolHttpBindingResolver(model: Model, serviceShape: ServiceShape): HttpBindingResolver = - HttpTraitResolver(model, serviceShape, ProtocolContentTypes.consistent("application/json")) + override val defaultTimestampFormat: TimestampFormatTrait.Format = TimestampFormatTrait.Format.EPOCH_SECONDS override fun getHttpProtocolClientGenerator(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): HttpProtocolClientGenerator = - object : HttpProtocolClientGenerator(ctx, emptyList(), getProtocolHttpBindingResolver(ctx.model, ctx.service)) {} + object : HttpProtocolClientGenerator( + ctx, + listOf(), + getProtocolHttpBindingResolver(ctx.model, ctx.service) + ) { } - override fun generateProtocolUnitTests(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext) { } + override fun generateProtocolUnitTests(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext) = Unit - - override fun structuredDataSerializer(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): StructuredDataSerializerGenerator = - JsonSerializerGenerator(this) - - override fun structuredDataParser(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): StructuredDataParserGenerator = - JsonParserGenerator(this) + override fun getProtocolHttpBindingResolver(model: Model, serviceShape: ServiceShape): HttpBindingResolver = + HttpTraitResolver(model, serviceShape, ProtocolContentTypes.consistent("application/json")) override fun operationErrorHandler(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext, op: OperationShape): Symbol = op.errorHandler(ctx.settings) { writer -> diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/json/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.kt similarity index 86% rename from tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.kt rename to tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/json/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.kt index 9c5824587d..e490057268 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.kt +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/json/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.kt @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. */ -package software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols +package software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.json import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.integration.KotlinIntegration import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.protocol.ProtocolGenerator @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ class SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol : KotlinIntegration { val ID: ShapeId = ShapeId.from("aws.benchmarks.protocols#serdeBenchmarkJson") } - override val protocolGenerators: List = listOf(SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator()) + override val protocolGenerators: List = listOf(SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator) } diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/json/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/json/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d3abfbd29 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/json/SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator.kt @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.json + +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.BenchmarkProtocolGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.protocol.* +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.serde.* +import software.amazon.smithy.model.shapes.ShapeId + +/** + * Protocol generator for benchmark protocol [SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol] + */ +object SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocolGenerator : BenchmarkProtocolGenerator() { + override val contentTypes = ProtocolContentTypes.consistent("application/json") + override val protocol: ShapeId = SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol.ID + + override fun structuredDataSerializer(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): StructuredDataSerializerGenerator = + JsonSerializerGenerator(this) + + override fun structuredDataParser(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): StructuredDataParserGenerator = + JsonParserGenerator(this) +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/xml/SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/xml/SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ab9ad65417 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/xml/SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol.kt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.xml + +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.integration.KotlinIntegration +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.protocol.ProtocolGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.model.shapes.ShapeId + +/** + * Dummy protocol for use in serde-benchmark project models. Generates XML-based serializers/deserializers. + */ +class SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol : KotlinIntegration { + companion object { + val ID: ShapeId = ShapeId.from("aws.benchmarks.protocols#serdeBenchmarkXml") + } + + override val protocolGenerators: List = listOf(SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocolGenerator) +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/xml/SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocolGenerator.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/xml/SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocolGenerator.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..106bbf4e4e --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/kotlin/software/amazon/smithy/kotlin/codegen/protocols/xml/SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocolGenerator.kt @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.xml + +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.BenchmarkProtocolGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.protocol.* +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.serde.StructuredDataParserGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.serde.StructuredDataSerializerGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.serde.XmlParserGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.rendering.serde.XmlSerializerGenerator +import software.amazon.smithy.model.shapes.ShapeId + +/** + * Protocol generator for benchmark protocol [SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol]. + */ +object SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocolGenerator : BenchmarkProtocolGenerator() { + override val contentTypes = ProtocolContentTypes.consistent("application/xml") + override val protocol: ShapeId = SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol.ID + + override fun structuredDataParser(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): StructuredDataParserGenerator = + XmlParserGenerator(this, defaultTimestampFormat) + + override fun structuredDataSerializer(ctx: ProtocolGenerator.GenerationContext): StructuredDataSerializerGenerator = + XmlSerializerGenerator(this, defaultTimestampFormat) +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.integration.KotlinIntegration b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.integration.KotlinIntegration index 01a8e3151f..88d7b7750e 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.integration.KotlinIntegration +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks-codegen/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.integration.KotlinIntegration @@ -1 +1,2 @@ -software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol \ No newline at end of file +software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.json.SerdeBenchmarkJsonProtocol +software.amazon.smithy.kotlin.codegen.protocols.xml.SerdeBenchmarkXmlProtocol diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/README.md b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/README.md index 42d31d8170..a618a0e355 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/README.md +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/README.md @@ -8,25 +8,39 @@ This project contains micro benchmarks for the serialization implementation(s). ./gradlew :runtime:serde:serde-benchmarks:jvmBenchmark ``` -Baseline `0.4.0-alpha` +Baseline `0.7.8-beta` on EC2 **[m5.4xlarge](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/m5/)** in **OpenJK 1.8.0_312**: ``` jvm summary: -Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units -CitmBenchmark.tokensBenchmark avgt 5 6.060 ± 0.549 ms/op -TwitterBenchmark.deserializeBenchmark avgt 5 6.433 ± 0.396 ms/op -TwitterBenchmark.serializeBenchmark avgt 5 1.551 ± 0.090 ms/op -TwitterBenchmark.tokensBenchmark avgt 5 4.375 ± 0.080 ms/op +Benchmark (sourceFilename) Mode Cnt Score Error Units +a.s.k.b.s.json.CitmBenchmark.tokensBenchmark N/A avgt 5 12.530 ± 0.611 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.json.TwitterBenchmark.deserializeBenchmark N/A avgt 5 10.148 ± 7.515 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.json.TwitterBenchmark.serializeBenchmark N/A avgt 5 1.534 ± 1.608 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.json.TwitterBenchmark.tokensBenchmark N/A avgt 5 6.381 ± 3.615 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.xml.BufferStreamWriterBenchmark.serializeBenchmark N/A avgt 5 11.746 ± 0.262 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.xml.XmlDeserializerBenchmark.deserializeBenchmark N/A avgt 5 90.697 ± 1.178 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.xml.XmlLexerBenchmark.deserializeBenchmark countries-states.xml avgt 5 22.665 ± 0.473 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.xml.XmlLexerBenchmark.deserializeBenchmark kotlin-article.xml avgt 5 0.734 ± 0.017 ms/op +a.s.k.b.s.xml.XmlSerializerBenchmark.serializeBenchmark N/A avgt 5 27.324 ± 31.331 ms/op ``` ## JSON Data -Raw data was imported from [nativejson-benchmark](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark). -JSON file | Size | Description -------------|------|----------------------- -`citm_catalog.json` [source](https://github.com/RichardHightower/json-parsers-benchmark/blob/master/data/citm_catalog.json) | 1737KB | A big benchmark file with indentation used in several Java JSON parser benchmarks. -`twitter.json` | 632KB | Search "一" (character of "one" in Japanese and Chinese) in Twitter public time line for gathering some tweets with CJK characters. +Raw data was imported from multiple sources: +| JSON file | Size | Description | Source | +|---------------------|--------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| `citm_catalog.json` | 1737KB | A big benchmark file with indentation used in several Java JSON parser benchmarks | [Java Boon - Benchmarks](https://github.com/RichardHightower/json-parsers-benchmark/blob/master/data/citm_catalog.json) | +| `twitter.json` | 632KB | Search "一" (character of "one" in Japanese and Chinese) in Twitter public time line for gathering some tweets with CJK characters | [Native JSON Benchmark](https://github.com/miloyip/nativejson-benchmark/blob/master/data/twitter.json) | + +## XML Data + +Raw data was imported from multiple sources: + +| XML file | Size | Description | Source | +|----------------------|-------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| countries+states.xml | 1.3MB | A dataset of countries and states suitable for big file testing | [Countries States Cities Database](https://github.com/dr5hn/countries-states-cities-database/blob/master/xml/countries%2Bstates.xml) | +| kotlin-article.xml | 52KB | A Wikipedia article on Kotlin suitable for small file testing | [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Export/Kotlin_%28programming_language%29) | ## Benchmarks diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/build.gradle.kts b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/build.gradle.kts index bd430a8040..89a0f9e670 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/build.gradle.kts +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/build.gradle.kts @@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ kotlin { dependencies { implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-benchmark-runtime:$kotlinxBenchmarkVersion") implementation(project(":runtime:serde:serde-json")) + implementation(project(":runtime:serde:serde-xml")) implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$coroutinesVersion") } } @@ -65,12 +66,26 @@ benchmark { configurations { getByName("main") { iterations = 5 - iterationTime = 1 - iterationTimeUnit = "s" warmups = 7 outputTimeUnit = "ms" reportFormat = "text" } + + register("json") { + iterations = 5 + warmups = 7 + outputTimeUnit = "ms" + reportFormat = "text" + include(".*json.*") + } + + register("xml") { + iterations = 5 + warmups = 7 + outputTimeUnit = "ms" + reportFormat = "text" + include(".*xml.*") + } } } @@ -104,7 +119,10 @@ data class BenchmarkModel(val name: String) { get() = project.file("${project.buildDir}/generated-src/src").absoluteFile } -val benchmarkModels = listOf("twitter").map{ BenchmarkModel(it) } +val benchmarkModels = listOf( + "twitter", + "countries-states", +).map{ BenchmarkModel(it) } val stageGeneratedSources = tasks.register("stageGeneratedSources") { diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/resources/countries-states.xml b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/resources/countries-states.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8918c5ede8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/resources/countries-states.xml @@ -0,0 +1,46809 @@ + + + + Afghanistan + AFG + AF + 004 + 93 + Kabul + AFN + Afghan afghani + ؋ + .af + افغانستان + Asia + Southern Asia + + Asia/Kabul + 16200 + UTC+04:30 + AFT + Afghanistan Time + + + 아프가니스탄 +
Afeganistão
+ Afeganistão + Afghanistan +
Afganistan + افغانستان + Afghanistan + Afganistán + Afghanistan + アフガニスタン + Afghanistan + 阿富汗 +
+ 33.00000000 + 65.00000000 + 🇦🇫 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1EB + + 3901 + Badakhshan + BDS + 36.73477250 + 70.81199530 + + + 3871 + Badghis + BDG + 35.16713390 + 63.76953840 + + + 3875 + Baghlan + BGL + 36.17890260 + 68.74530640 + + + 3884 + Balkh + BAL + 36.75506030 + 66.89753720 + + + 3872 + Bamyan + BAM + 34.81000670 + 67.82121040 + + + 3892 + Daykundi + DAY + 33.66949500 + 66.04635340 + + + 3899 + Farah + FRA + 32.49532800 + 62.26266270 + + + 3889 + Faryab + FYB + 36.07956130 + 64.90595500 + + + 3870 + Ghazni + GHA + 33.54505870 + 68.41739720 + + + 3888 + Ghōr + GHO + 34.09957760 + 64.90595500 + + + 3873 + Helmand + HEL + 39.29893610 + -76.61604720 + + + 3887 + Herat + HER + 34.35286500 + 62.20402870 + + + 3886 + Jowzjan + JOW + 36.89696920 + 65.66585680 + + + 3902 + Kabul + KAB + 34.55534940 + 69.20748600 + + + 3890 + Kandahar + KAN + 31.62887100 + 65.73717490 + + + 3879 + Kapisa + KAP + 34.98105720 + 69.62145620 + + + 3878 + Khost + KHO + 33.33384720 + 69.93716730 + + + 3876 + Kunar + KNR + 34.84658930 + 71.09731700 + + + 3900 + Kunduz Province + KDZ + 36.72855110 + 68.86789820 + + + 3891 + Laghman + LAG + 34.68976870 + 70.14558050 + + + 3897 + Logar + LOG + 34.01455180 + 69.19239160 + + + 3882 + Nangarhar + NAN + 34.17183130 + 70.62167940 + + + 3896 + Nimruz + NIM + 31.02614880 + 62.45041540 + + + 3880 + Nuristan + NUR + 35.32502230 + 70.90712360 + + + 3894 + Paktia + PIA + 33.70619900 + 69.38310790 + + + 3877 + Paktika + PKA + 32.26453860 + 68.52471490 + + + 3881 + Panjshir + PAN + 38.88023910 + -77.17172380 + + + 3895 + Parwan + PAR + 34.96309770 + 68.81088490 + + + 3883 + Samangan + SAM + 36.31555060 + 67.96428630 + + + 3885 + Sar-e Pol + SAR + 36.21662800 + 65.93336000 + + + 3893 + Takhar + TAK + 36.66980130 + 69.47845410 + + + 3898 + Urozgan + URU + 32.92712870 + 66.14152630 + + + 3874 + Zabul + ZAB + 32.19187820 + 67.18944880 + +
+ + Aland Islands + ALA + AX + 248 + +358-18 + Mariehamn + EUR + Euro + + .ax + Åland + Europe + Northern Europe + + Europe/Mariehamn + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 올란드 제도 +
Ilhas de Aland
+ Ilhas de Aland + Ålandeilanden +
Ålandski otoci + جزایر الند + Åland + Alandia + Åland + オーランド諸島 + Isole Aland + 奥兰群岛 +
+ 60.11666700 + 19.90000000 + 🇦🇽 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1FD + +
+ + Albania + ALB + AL + 008 + 355 + Tirana + ALL + Albanian lek + Lek + .al + Shqipëria + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Tirane + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 알바니아 +
Albânia
+ Albânia + Albanië +
Albanija + آلبانی + Albanien + Albania + Albanie + アルバニア + Albania + 阿尔巴尼亚 +
+ 41.00000000 + 20.00000000 + 🇦🇱 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1F1 + + 603 + Berat County + 01 + 40.69530120 + 20.04496620 + + + 629 + Berat District + BR + 40.70863770 + 19.94373140 + + + 607 + Bulqizë District + BU + 41.49425870 + 20.21471570 + + + 618 + Delvinë District + DL + 39.94813640 + 20.09558910 + + + 608 + Devoll District + DV + 40.64473470 + 20.95066360 + + + 610 + Dibër County + 09 + 41.58881630 + 20.23556470 + + + 605 + Dibër District + DI + 41.58881630 + 20.23556470 + + + 632 + Durrës County + 02 + 41.50809720 + 19.61631850 + + + 639 + Durrës District + DR + 41.37065170 + 19.52110630 + + + 598 + Elbasan County + 03 + 41.12666720 + 20.23556470 + + + 631 + Fier County + 04 + 40.91913920 + 19.66393090 + + + 627 + Fier District + FR + 40.72750400 + 19.56275960 + + + 604 + Gjirokastër County + 05 + 40.06728740 + 20.10452290 + + + 621 + Gjirokastër District + GJ + 40.06728740 + 20.10452290 + + + 617 + Gramsh District + GR + 40.86698730 + 20.18493230 + + + 600 + Has District + HA + 42.79013360 + -83.61220120 + + + 594 + Kavajë District + KA + 41.18445290 + 19.56275960 + + + 628 + Kolonjë District + ER + 40.33732620 + 20.67946760 + + + 630 + Korçë County + 06 + 40.59056700 + 20.61689210 + + + 597 + Korçë District + KO + 40.59056700 + 20.61689210 + + + 614 + Krujë District + KR + 41.50947650 + 19.77107320 + + + 612 + Kuçovë District + KC + 40.78370630 + 19.87823480 + + + 601 + Kukës County + 07 + 42.08074640 + 20.41429230 + + + 623 + Kukës District + KU + 42.08074640 + 20.41429230 + + + 622 + Kurbin District + KB + 41.64126440 + 19.70559500 + + + 609 + Lezhë County + 08 + 41.78137590 + 19.80679160 + + + 595 + Lezhë District + LE + 41.78607300 + 19.64607580 + + + 596 + Librazhd District + LB + 41.18292320 + 20.31747690 + + + 599 + Lushnjë District + LU + 40.94198300 + 19.69964280 + + + 602 + Malësi e Madhe District + MM + 42.42451730 + 19.61631850 + + + 637 + Mallakastër District + MK + 40.52733760 + 19.78297910 + + + 635 + Mat District + MT + 41.59376750 + 19.99732440 + + + 638 + Mirditë District + MR + 41.76428600 + 19.90205090 + + + 619 + Peqin District + PQ + 41.04709020 + 19.75023840 + + + 625 + Përmet District + PR + 40.23618370 + 20.35173340 + + + 606 + Pogradec District + PG + 40.90153140 + 20.65562890 + + + 620 + Pukë District + PU + 42.04697720 + 19.89609680 + + + 624 + Sarandë District + SR + 39.85921190 + 20.02710010 + + + 611 + Shkodër County + 10 + 42.15037100 + 19.66393090 + + + 626 + Shkodër District + SH + 42.06929850 + 19.50325590 + + + 593 + Skrapar District + SK + 40.53499460 + 20.28322170 + + + 616 + Tepelenë District + TE + 40.29666320 + 20.01816730 + + + 615 + Tirana County + 11 + 41.24275980 + 19.80679160 + + + 633 + Tirana District + TR + 41.32754590 + 19.81869820 + + + 636 + Tropojë District + TP + 42.39821510 + 20.16259550 + + + 634 + Vlorë County + 12 + 40.15009600 + 19.80679160 + + + 613 + Vlorë District + VL + 40.46606680 + 19.49135600 + +
+ + Algeria + DZA + DZ + 012 + 213 + Algiers + DZD + Algerian dinar + دج + .dz + الجزائر + Africa + Northern Africa + + Africa/Algiers + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 알제리 +
Argélia
+ Argélia + Algerije +
Alžir + الجزایر + Algerien + Argelia + Algérie + アルジェリア + Algeria + 阿尔及利亚 +
+ 28.00000000 + 3.00000000 + 🇩🇿 + U+1F1E9 U+1F1FF + + 1118 + Adrar + 01 + 26.41813100 + -0.60147170 + + + 1119 + Aïn Defla + 44 + 36.25094290 + 1.93938150 + + + 1122 + Aïn Témouchent + 46 + 35.29926980 + -1.13927920 + + + 1144 + Algiers + 16 + 36.69972940 + 3.05761990 + + + 1103 + Annaba + 23 + 36.80205080 + 7.52472430 + + + 1142 + Batna + 05 + 35.59659540 + 5.89871390 + + + 1108 + Béchar + 08 + 31.62380980 + -2.21624430 + + + 1128 + Béjaïa + 06 + 36.75152580 + 5.05568370 + + + 4909 + Béni Abbès + 53 + 30.08310420 + -2.83450520 + + + 1114 + Biskra + 07 + 34.84494370 + 5.72485670 + + + 1111 + Blida + 09 + 36.53112300 + 2.89762540 + + + 4908 + Bordj Baji Mokhtar + 52 + 22.96633500 + -3.94727320 + + + 1116 + Bordj Bou Arréridj + 34 + 36.07399250 + 4.76302710 + + + 1104 + Bouïra + 10 + 36.36918460 + 3.90061940 + + + 1125 + Boumerdès + 35 + 36.68395590 + 3.62178020 + + + 1105 + Chlef + 02 + 36.16935150 + 1.28910360 + + + 1121 + Constantine + 25 + 36.33739110 + 6.66381200 + + + 4912 + Djanet + 56 + 23.83108720 + 8.70046720 + + + 1098 + Djelfa + 17 + 34.67039560 + 3.25037610 + + + 1129 + El Bayadh + 32 + 32.71488240 + 0.90566230 + + + 4905 + El M'ghair + 49 + 33.95405610 + 5.13464180 + + + 4906 + El Menia + 50 + 31.36422500 + 2.57844950 + + + 1099 + El Oued + 39 + 33.36781100 + 6.85165110 + + + 1100 + El Tarf + 36 + 36.75766780 + 8.30763430 + + + 1127 + Ghardaïa + 47 + 32.49437410 + 3.64446000 + + + 1137 + Guelma + 24 + 36.46274440 + 7.43308330 + + + 1112 + Illizi + 33 + 26.16900050 + 8.48424650 + + + 4914 + In Guezzam + 58 + 20.38643230 + 4.77893940 + + + 4913 + In Salah + 57 + 27.21492290 + 1.84843960 + + + 1113 + Jijel + 18 + 36.71796810 + 5.98325770 + + + 1126 + Khenchela + 40 + 35.42694040 + 7.14601550 + + + 1138 + Laghouat + 03 + 33.80783410 + 2.86282940 + + + 1134 + M'Sila + 28 + 35.71866460 + 4.52334230 + + + 1124 + Mascara + 29 + 35.39041250 + 0.14949880 + + + 1109 + Médéa + 26 + 36.26370780 + 2.75878570 + + + 1132 + Mila + 43 + 36.36479570 + 6.15269850 + + + 1140 + Mostaganem + 27 + 35.95830540 + 0.33718890 + + + 1102 + Naama + 45 + 33.26673170 + -0.31286590 + + + 1101 + Oran + 31 + 35.60823510 + -0.56360900 + + + 1139 + Ouargla + 30 + 32.22648630 + 5.72998210 + + + 4907 + Ouled Djellal + 51 + 34.41782210 + 4.96858430 + + + 1136 + Oum El Bouaghi + 04 + 35.86887890 + 7.11082660 + + + 1130 + Relizane + 48 + 35.73834050 + 0.75328090 + + + 1123 + Saïda + 20 + 34.84152070 + 0.14560550 + + + 1141 + Sétif + 19 + 36.30733890 + 5.56172790 + + + 4902 + Sidi Bel Abbès + 22 + 34.68060240 + -1.09994950 + + + 1110 + Skikda + 21 + 36.67211980 + 6.83509990 + + + 1143 + Souk Ahras + 41 + 36.28010620 + 7.93840330 + + + 1135 + Tamanghasset + 11 + 22.79029720 + 5.51932680 + + + 1117 + Tébessa + 12 + 35.12906910 + 7.95928630 + + + 1106 + Tiaret + 14 + 35.37086890 + 1.32178520 + + + 4910 + Timimoun + 54 + 29.67890600 + 0.50046080 + + + 1120 + Tindouf + 37 + 27.80631190 + -5.72998210 + + + 1115 + Tipasa + 42 + 36.54626500 + 2.18432850 + + + 1133 + Tissemsilt + 38 + 35.60537810 + 1.81309800 + + + 1131 + Tizi Ouzou + 15 + 36.70691100 + 4.23333550 + + + 1107 + Tlemcen + 13 + 34.67802840 + -1.36621600 + + + 4911 + Touggourt + 55 + 33.12484760 + 5.78327150 + +
+ + American Samoa + ASM + AS + 016 + +1-684 + Pago Pago + USD + US Dollar + $ + .as + American Samoa + Oceania + Polynesia + + Pacific/Pago_Pago + -39600 + UTC-11:00 + SST + Samoa Standard Time + + + 아메리칸사모아 +
Samoa Americana
+ Samoa Americana + Amerikaans Samoa +
Američka Samoa + ساموآی آمریکا + Amerikanisch-Samoa + Samoa Americana + Samoa américaines + アメリカ領サモア + Samoa Americane + 美属萨摩亚 +
+ -14.33333333 + -170.00000000 + 🇦🇸 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1F8 + +
+ + Andorra + AND + AD + 020 + 376 + Andorra la Vella + EUR + Euro + + .ad + Andorra + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Andorra + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 안도라 +
Andorra
+ Andorra + Andorra +
Andora + آندورا + Andorra + Andorra + Andorre + アンドラ + Andorra + 安道尔 +
+ 42.50000000 + 1.50000000 + 🇦🇩 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1E9 + + 488 + Andorra la Vella + 07 + 42.50631740 + 1.52183550 + + + 489 + Canillo + 02 + 42.59782490 + 1.65663770 + + + 487 + Encamp + 03 + 42.53597640 + 1.58367730 + + + 492 + Escaldes-Engordany + 08 + 42.49093790 + 1.58869660 + + + 493 + La Massana + 04 + 42.54562500 + 1.51473920 + + + 491 + Ordino + 05 + 42.59944330 + 1.54023270 + + + 490 + Sant Julià de Lòria + 06 + 42.45296310 + 1.49182350 + +
+ + Angola + AGO + AO + 024 + 244 + Luanda + AOA + Angolan kwanza + Kz + .ao + Angola + Africa + Middle Africa + + Africa/Luanda + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WAT + West Africa Time + + + 앙골라 +
Angola
+ Angola + Angola +
Angola + آنگولا + Angola + Angola + Angola + アンゴラ + Angola + 安哥拉 +
+ -12.50000000 + 18.50000000 + 🇦🇴 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1F4 + + 221 + Bengo Province + BGO + -9.10422570 + 13.72891670 + + + 218 + Benguela Province + BGU + -12.80037440 + 13.91439900 + + + 212 + Bié Province + BIE + -12.57279070 + 17.66888700 + + + 228 + Cabinda Province + CAB + -5.02487490 + 12.34638750 + + + 226 + Cuando Cubango Province + CCU + -16.41808240 + 18.80761950 + + + 217 + Cuanza Norte Province + CNO + -9.23985130 + 14.65878210 + + + 216 + Cuanza Sul + CUS + -10.59519100 + 15.40680790 + + + 215 + Cunene Province + CNN + -16.28022210 + 16.15809370 + + + 213 + Huambo Province + HUA + -12.52682210 + 15.59433880 + + + 225 + Huíla Province + HUI + -14.92805530 + 14.65878210 + + + 222 + Luanda Province + LUA + -9.03508800 + 13.26634790 + + + 223 + Lunda Norte Province + LNO + -8.35250220 + 19.18800470 + + + 220 + Lunda Sul Province + LSU + -10.28665780 + 20.71224650 + + + 227 + Malanje Province + MAL + -9.82511830 + 16.91225100 + + + 219 + Moxico Province + MOX + -13.42935790 + 20.33088140 + + + 224 + Uíge Province + UIG + -7.17367320 + 15.40680790 + + + 214 + Zaire Province + ZAI + -6.57334580 + 13.17403480 + +
+ + Anguilla + AIA + AI + 660 + +1-264 + The Valley + XCD + East Caribbean dollar + $ + .ai + Anguilla + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Anguilla + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 앵귈라 +
Anguila
+ Anguila + Anguilla +
Angvila + آنگویلا + Anguilla + Anguilla + Anguilla + アンギラ + Anguilla + 安圭拉 +
+ 18.25000000 + -63.16666666 + 🇦🇮 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1EE + +
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Antártida
+ Antárctida + Antarctica +
Antarktika + جنوبگان + Antarktika + Antártida + Antarctique + 南極大陸 + Antartide + 南极洲 +
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Antígua e Barbuda
+ Antígua e Barbuda + Antigua en Barbuda +
Antigva i Barbuda + آنتیگوا و باربودا + Antigua und Barbuda + Antigua y Barbuda + Antigua-et-Barbuda + アンティグア・バーブーダ + Antigua e Barbuda + 安提瓜和巴布达 +
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Argentina
+ Argentina + Argentinië +
Argentina + آرژانتین + Argentinien + Argentina + Argentine + アルゼンチン + Argentina + 阿根廷 +
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+ + Armenia + ARM + AM + 051 + 374 + Yerevan + AMD + Armenian dram + ֏ + .am + Հայաստան + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Yerevan + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + AMT + Armenia Time + + + 아르메니아 +
Armênia
+ Arménia + Armenië +
Armenija + ارمنستان + Armenien + Armenia + Arménie + アルメニア + Armenia + 亚美尼亚 +
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+ + Aruba + ABW + AW + 533 + 297 + Oranjestad + AWG + Aruban florin + ƒ + .aw + Aruba + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Aruba + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 아루바 +
Aruba
+ Aruba + Aruba +
Aruba + آروبا + Aruba + Aruba + Aruba + アルバ + Aruba + 阿鲁巴 +
+ 12.50000000 + -69.96666666 + 🇦🇼 + U+1F1E6 U+1F1FC + +
+ + Australia + AUS + AU + 036 + 61 + Canberra + AUD + Australian dollar + $ + .au + Australia + Oceania + Australia and New Zealand + + Antarctica/Macquarie + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + MIST + Macquarie Island Station Time + + + Australia/Adelaide + 37800 + UTC+10:30 + ACDT + Australian Central Daylight Saving Time + + + Australia/Brisbane + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + AEST + Australian Eastern Standard Time + + + Australia/Broken_Hill + 37800 + UTC+10:30 + ACDT + Australian Central Daylight Saving Time + + + Australia/Currie + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + AEDT + Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time + + + Australia/Darwin + 34200 + UTC+09:30 + ACST + Australian Central Standard Time + + + Australia/Eucla + 31500 + UTC+08:45 + ACWST + Australian Central Western Standard Time (Unofficial) + + + Australia/Hobart + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + AEDT + Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time + + + Australia/Lindeman + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + AEST + Australian Eastern Standard Time + + + Australia/Lord_Howe + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + LHST + Lord Howe Summer Time + + + Australia/Melbourne + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + AEDT + Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time + + + Australia/Perth + 28800 + UTC+08:00 + AWST + Australian Western Standard Time + + + Australia/Sydney + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + AEDT + Australian Eastern Daylight Saving Time + + + 호주 +
Austrália
+ Austrália + Australië +
Australija + استرالیا + Australien + Australia + Australie + オーストラリア + Australia + 澳大利亚 +
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+ + Austria + AUT + AT + 040 + 43 + Vienna + EUR + Euro + + .at + Österreich + Europe + Western Europe + + Europe/Vienna + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 오스트리아 +
áustria
+ áustria + Oostenrijk +
Austrija + اتریش + Österreich + Austria + Autriche + オーストリア + Austria + 奥地利 +
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+ + Azerbaijan + AZE + AZ + 031 + 994 + Baku + AZN + Azerbaijani manat + m + .az + Azərbaycan + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Baku + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + AZT + Azerbaijan Time + + + 아제르바이잔 +
Azerbaijão
+ Azerbaijão + Azerbeidzjan +
Azerbajdžan + آذربایجان + Aserbaidschan + Azerbaiyán + Azerbaïdjan + アゼルバイジャン + Azerbaijan + 阿塞拜疆 +
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+ + Bahrain + BHR + BH + 048 + 973 + Manama + BHD + Bahraini dinar + .د.ب + .bh + ‏البحرين + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Bahrain + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + AST + Arabia Standard Time + + + 바레인 +
Bahrein
+ Barém + Bahrein +
Bahrein + بحرین + Bahrain + Bahrein + Bahreïn + バーレーン + Bahrein + 巴林 +
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+ + Bangladesh + BGD + BD + 050 + 880 + Dhaka + BDT + Bangladeshi taka + + .bd + Bangladesh + Asia + Southern Asia + + Asia/Dhaka + 21600 + UTC+06:00 + BDT + Bangladesh Standard Time + + + 방글라데시 +
Bangladesh
+ Bangladeche + Bangladesh +
Bangladeš + بنگلادش + Bangladesch + Bangladesh + Bangladesh + バングラデシュ + Bangladesh + 孟加拉 +
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+ + Barbados + BRB + BB + 052 + +1-246 + Bridgetown + BBD + Barbadian dollar + Bds$ + .bb + Barbados + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Barbados + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 바베이도스 +
Barbados
+ Barbados + Barbados +
Barbados + باربادوس + Barbados + Barbados + Barbade + バルバドス + Barbados + 巴巴多斯 +
+ 13.16666666 + -59.53333333 + 🇧🇧 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1E7 + + 1228 + Christ Church + 01 + 36.00604070 + -95.92112100 + + + 1229 + Saint Andrew + 02 + + + 1226 + Saint George + 03 + 37.09652780 + -113.56841640 + + + 1224 + Saint James + 04 + 48.52356600 + -1.32378850 + + + 1227 + Saint John + 05 + 45.27331530 + -66.06330800 + + + 1223 + Saint Joseph + 06 + 39.76745780 + -94.84668100 + + + 1221 + Saint Lucy + 07 + 38.76146250 + -77.44914390 + + + 1230 + Saint Michael + 08 + 36.03597700 + -95.84905200 + + + 1222 + Saint Peter + 09 + 37.08271190 + -94.51712500 + + + 1220 + Saint Philip + 10 + 35.23311400 + -89.43640420 + + + 1225 + Saint Thomas + 11 + 18.33809650 + -64.89409460 + +
+ + Belarus + BLR + BY + 112 + 375 + Minsk + BYN + Belarusian ruble + Br + .by + Белару́сь + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Minsk + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + MSK + Moscow Time + + + 벨라루스 +
Bielorrússia
+ Bielorrússia + Wit-Rusland +
Bjelorusija + بلاروس + Weißrussland + Bielorrusia + Biélorussie + ベラルーシ + Bielorussia + 白俄罗斯 +
+ 53.00000000 + 28.00000000 + 🇧🇾 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1FE + + 2959 + Brest Region + BR + 52.52966410 + 25.46064800 + + + 2955 + Gomel Region + HO + 52.16487540 + 29.13332510 + + + 2956 + Grodno Region + HR + 53.65999450 + 25.34485710 + + + 2958 + Minsk + HM + 53.90060110 + 27.55897200 + + + 2957 + Minsk Region + MI + 54.10678890 + 27.41292450 + + + 2954 + Mogilev Region + MA + 53.51017910 + 30.40064440 + + + 2960 + Vitebsk Region + VI + 55.29598330 + 28.75836270 + +
+ + Belgium + BEL + BE + 056 + 32 + Brussels + EUR + Euro + + .be + België + Europe + Western Europe + + Europe/Brussels + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 벨기에 +
Bélgica
+ Bélgica + België +
Belgija + بلژیک + Belgien + Bélgica + Belgique + ベルギー + Belgio + 比利时 +
+ 50.83333333 + 4.00000000 + 🇧🇪 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1EA + + 1381 + Antwerp + VAN + 51.21944750 + 4.40246430 + + + 1376 + Brussels-Capital Region + BRU + 50.85034630 + 4.35172110 + + + 1377 + East Flanders + VOV + 51.03621010 + 3.73731240 + + + 1373 + Flanders + VLG + 51.01087060 + 3.72646130 + + + 1374 + Flemish Brabant + VBR + 50.88154340 + 4.56459700 + + + 1375 + Hainaut + WHT + 50.52570760 + 4.06210170 + + + 1384 + Liège + WLG + 50.63255740 + 5.57966620 + + + 1372 + Limburg + VLI + + + 1379 + Luxembourg + WLX + 49.81527300 + 6.12958300 + + + 1378 + Namur + WNA + 50.46738830 + 4.87198540 + + + 1380 + Wallonia + WAL + 50.41756370 + 4.45100660 + + + 1382 + Walloon Brabant + WBR + 50.63324100 + 4.52431500 + + + 1383 + West Flanders + VWV + 40.01793340 + -105.28067330 + +
+ + Belize + BLZ + BZ + 084 + 501 + Belmopan + BZD + Belize dollar + $ + .bz + Belize + Americas + Central America + + America/Belize + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America) + + + 벨리즈 +
Belize
+ Belize + Belize +
Belize + بلیز + Belize + Belice + Belize + ベリーズ + Belize + 伯利兹 +
+ 17.25000000 + -88.75000000 + 🇧🇿 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1FF + + 264 + Belize District + BZ + 17.56776790 + -88.40160410 + + + 269 + Cayo District + CY + 17.09844450 + -88.94138650 + + + 266 + Corozal District + CZL + 18.13492380 + -88.24611830 + + + 268 + Orange Walk District + OW + 17.76035300 + -88.86469800 + + + 265 + Stann Creek District + SC + 16.81166310 + -88.40160410 + + + 267 + Toledo District + TOL + 16.24919230 + -88.86469800 + +
+ + Benin + BEN + BJ + 204 + 229 + Porto-Novo + XOF + West African CFA franc + CFA + .bj + Bénin + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Porto-Novo + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WAT + West Africa Time + + + 베냉 +
Benin
+ Benim + Benin +
Benin + بنین + Benin + Benín + Bénin + ベナン + Benin + 贝宁 +
+ 9.50000000 + 2.25000000 + 🇧🇯 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1EF + + 3077 + Alibori Department + AL + 10.96810930 + 2.77798130 + + + 3076 + Atakora Department + AK + 10.79549310 + 1.67606910 + + + 3079 + Atlantique Department + AQ + 6.65883910 + 2.22366670 + + + 3078 + Borgou Department + BO + 9.53408640 + 2.77798130 + + + 3070 + Collines Department + CO + 8.30222970 + 2.30244600 + + + 3072 + Donga Department + DO + 9.71918670 + 1.67606910 + + + 3071 + Kouffo Department + KO + 7.00358940 + 1.75388170 + + + 3081 + Littoral Department + LI + 6.38069730 + 2.44063870 + + + 3075 + Mono Department + MO + 37.92186080 + -118.95286450 + + + 3080 + Ouémé Department + OU + 6.61481520 + 2.49999180 + + + 3074 + Plateau Department + PL + 7.34451410 + 2.53960300 + + + 3073 + Zou Department + ZO + 7.34692680 + 2.06651970 + +
+ + Bermuda + BMU + BM + 060 + +1-441 + Hamilton + BMD + Bermudian dollar + $ + .bm + Bermuda + Americas + Northern America + + Atlantic/Bermuda + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 버뮤다 +
Bermudas
+ Bermudas + Bermuda +
Bermudi + برمودا + Bermuda + Bermudas + Bermudes + バミューダ + Bermuda + 百慕大 +
+ 32.33333333 + -64.75000000 + 🇧🇲 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F2 + + 4860 + Devonshire Parish + DEV + 32.30380620 + -64.76069540 + + + 4861 + Hamilton Parish + HA + 32.34494320 + -64.72365000 + + + 4863 + Paget Parish + PAG + 32.28107400 + -64.77847870 + + + 4864 + Pembroke Parish + PEM + 32.30076720 + -64.79626300 + + + 4866 + Saint George's Parish + SGE + 17.12577590 + -62.56198110 + + + 4867 + Sandys Parish + SAN + 32.29995280 + -64.86741030 + + + 4868 + Smith's Parish, + SMI + 32.31339660 + -64.73105880 + + + 4869 + Southampton Parish + SOU + 32.25400950 + -64.82590580 + + + 4870 + Warwick Parish + WAR + 32.26615340 + -64.80811980 + +
+ + Bhutan + BTN + BT + 064 + 975 + Thimphu + BTN + Bhutanese ngultrum + Nu. + .bt + ʼbrug-yul + Asia + Southern Asia + + Asia/Thimphu + 21600 + UTC+06:00 + BTT + Bhutan Time + + + 부탄 +
Butão
+ Butão + Bhutan +
Butan + بوتان + Bhutan + Bután + Bhoutan + ブータン + Bhutan + 不丹 +
+ 27.50000000 + 90.50000000 + 🇧🇹 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F9 + + 240 + Bumthang District + 33 + 27.64183900 + 90.67730460 + + + 239 + Chukha District + 12 + 27.07843040 + 89.47421770 + + + 238 + Dagana District + 22 + 27.03228610 + 89.88793040 + + + 229 + Gasa District + GA + 28.01858860 + 89.92532330 + + + 232 + Haa District + 13 + 27.26516690 + 89.17059980 + + + 234 + Lhuntse District + 44 + 27.82649890 + 91.13530200 + + + 242 + Mongar District + 42 + 27.26170590 + 91.28910360 + + + 237 + Paro District + 11 + 27.42859490 + 89.41665160 + + + 244 + Pemagatshel District + 43 + 27.00238200 + 91.34692470 + + + 235 + Punakha District + 23 + 27.69037160 + 89.88793040 + + + 243 + Samdrup Jongkhar District + 45 + 26.80356820 + 91.50392070 + + + 246 + Samtse District + 14 + 27.02918320 + 89.05615320 + + + 247 + Sarpang District + 31 + 26.93730410 + 90.48799160 + + + 241 + Thimphu District + 15 + 27.47122160 + 89.63390410 + + + 236 + Trashigang District + 41 + 27.25667950 + 91.75388170 + + + 245 + Trongsa District + 32 + 27.50022690 + 90.50806340 + + + 230 + Tsirang District + 21 + 27.03220700 + 90.18696440 + + + 231 + Wangdue Phodrang District + 24 + 27.45260460 + 90.06749280 + + + 233 + Zhemgang District + 34 + 27.07697500 + 90.82940020 + +
+ + Bolivia + BOL + BO + 068 + 591 + Sucre + BOB + Bolivian boliviano + Bs. + .bo + Bolivia + Americas + South America + + America/La_Paz + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + BOT + Bolivia Time + + + 볼리비아 +
Bolívia
+ Bolívia + Bolivia +
Bolivija + بولیوی + Bolivien + Bolivia + Bolivie + ボリビア多民族国 + Bolivia + 玻利维亚 +
+ -17.00000000 + -65.00000000 + 🇧🇴 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F4 + + 3375 + Beni Department + B + -14.37827470 + -65.09577920 + + + 3382 + Chuquisaca Department + H + -20.02491440 + -64.14782360 + + + 3381 + Cochabamba Department + C + -17.56816750 + -65.47573600 + + + 3380 + La Paz Department + L + + + 3376 + Oruro Department + O + -18.57115790 + -67.76159830 + + + 3379 + Pando Department + N + -10.79889010 + -66.99880110 + + + 3383 + Potosí Department + P + -20.62471300 + -66.99880110 + + + 3377 + Santa Cruz Department + S + -16.74760370 + -62.07509980 + + + 3378 + Tarija Department + T + -21.58315950 + -63.95861110 + +
+ + Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba + BES + BQ + 535 + 599 + Kralendijk + USD + United States dollar + $ + .an + Caribisch Nederland + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Anguilla + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 보네르 섬 +
Bonaire
+ Bonaire + بونیر + Bonaire, Sint Eustatius und Saba + Bonaire, Saint-Eustache et Saba + Bonaire, Saint-Eustache e Saba + 博内尔岛、圣尤斯特歇斯和萨巴岛 +
+ 12.15000000 + -68.26666700 + 🇧🇶 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F6 + +
+ + Bosnia and Herzegovina + BIH + BA + 070 + 387 + Sarajevo + BAM + Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark + KM + .ba + Bosna i Hercegovina + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Sarajevo + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 보스니아 헤르체고비나 +
Bósnia e Herzegovina
+ Bósnia e Herzegovina + Bosnië en Herzegovina +
Bosna i Hercegovina + بوسنی و هرزگوین + Bosnien und Herzegowina + Bosnia y Herzegovina + Bosnie-Herzégovine + ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ + Bosnia ed Erzegovina + 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 +
+ 44.00000000 + 18.00000000 + 🇧🇦 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1E6 + + 472 + Bosnian Podrinje Canton + 05 + 43.68749000 + 18.82443940 + + + 460 + Brčko District + BRC + 44.84059440 + 18.74215300 + + + 471 + Canton 10 + 10 + 43.95341550 + 16.94251870 + + + 462 + Central Bosnia Canton + 06 + 44.13818560 + 17.68667140 + + + 467 + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + BIH + 43.88748970 + 17.84279300 + + + 463 + Herzegovina-Neretva Canton + 07 + 43.52651590 + 17.76362100 + + + 464 + Posavina Canton + 02 + 45.07520940 + 18.37763040 + + + 470 + Republika Srpska + SRP + 44.72801860 + 17.31481360 + + + 466 + Sarajevo Canton + 09 + 43.85125640 + 18.29534420 + + + 461 + Tuzla Canton + 03 + 44.53434630 + 18.69727970 + + + 465 + Una-Sana Canton + 01 + 44.65031160 + 16.31716290 + + + 469 + West Herzegovina Canton + 08 + 43.43692440 + 17.38488310 + + + 468 + Zenica-Doboj Canton + 04 + 44.21271090 + 18.16046250 + +
+ + Botswana + BWA + BW + 072 + 267 + Gaborone + BWP + Botswana pula + P + .bw + Botswana + Africa + Southern Africa + + Africa/Gaborone + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + CAT + Central Africa Time + + + 보츠와나 +
Botsuana
+ Botsuana + Botswana +
Bocvana + بوتسوانا + Botswana + Botswana + Botswana + ボツワナ + Botswana + 博茨瓦纳 +
+ -22.00000000 + 24.00000000 + 🇧🇼 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1FC + + 3067 + Central District + CE + + + 3061 + Ghanzi District + GH + -21.86523140 + 21.85685860 + + + 3066 + Kgalagadi District + KG + -24.75502850 + 21.85685860 + + + 3062 + Kgatleng District + KL + -24.19704450 + 26.23046160 + + + 3069 + Kweneng District + KW + -23.83672490 + 25.28375850 + + + 3060 + Ngamiland + NG + -19.19053210 + 23.00119890 + + + 3068 + North-East District + NE + 37.58844610 + -94.68637820 + + + 3065 + North-West District + NW + 39.34463070 + -76.68542830 + + + 3064 + South-East District + SE + 31.21637980 + -82.35270440 + + + 3063 + Southern District + SO + +
+ + Bouvet Island + BVT + BV + 074 + 0055 + NOK + Norwegian Krone + kr + .bv + Bouvetøya + + Europe/Oslo + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 부벳 섬 +
Ilha Bouvet
+ Ilha Bouvet + Bouveteiland +
Otok Bouvet + جزیره بووه + Bouvetinsel + Isla Bouvet + Île Bouvet + ブーベ島 + Isola Bouvet + 布维岛 +
+ -54.43333333 + 3.40000000 + 🇧🇻 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1FB + +
+ + Brazil + BRA + BR + 076 + 55 + Brasilia + BRL + Brazilian real + R$ + .br + Brasil + Americas + South America + + America/Araguaina + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Bahia + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Belem + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Boa_Vista + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AMT + Amazon Time (Brazil)[3 + + + America/Campo_Grande + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AMT + Amazon Time (Brazil)[3 + + + America/Cuiaba + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + BRT + Brasilia Time + + + America/Eirunepe + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + ACT + Acre Time + + + America/Fortaleza + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Maceio + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Manaus + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AMT + Amazon Time (Brazil) + + + America/Noronha + -7200 + UTC-02:00 + FNT + Fernando de Noronha Time + + + America/Porto_Velho + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AMT + Amazon Time (Brazil)[3 + + + America/Recife + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Rio_Branco + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + ACT + Acre Time + + + America/Santarem + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + America/Sao_Paulo + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + BRT + Brasília Time + + + 브라질 +
Brasil
+ Brasil + Brazilië +
Brazil + برزیل + Brasilien + Brasil + Brésil + ブラジル + Brasile + 巴西 +
+ -10.00000000 + -55.00000000 + 🇧🇷 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F7 + + 2012 + Acre + AC + -9.02379600 + -70.81199500 + + + 2007 + Alagoas + AL + -9.57130580 + -36.78195050 + + + 1999 + Amapá + AP + 0.90199250 + -52.00295650 + + + 2004 + Amazonas + AM + -3.07000000 + -61.66000000 + + + 2002 + Bahia + BA + -11.40987400 + -41.28085700 + + + 2016 + Ceará + CE + -5.49839770 + -39.32062410 + + + 2017 + Distrito Federal + DF + -15.79976540 + -47.86447150 + + + 2018 + Espírito Santo + ES + -19.18342290 + -40.30886260 + + + 2000 + Goiás + GO + -15.82703690 + -49.83622370 + + + 2015 + Maranhão + MA + -4.96094980 + -45.27441590 + + + 2011 + Mato Grosso + MT + -12.68187120 + -56.92109900 + + + 2010 + Mato Grosso do Sul + MS + -20.77222950 + -54.78515310 + + + 1998 + Minas Gerais + MG + -18.51217800 + -44.55503080 + + + 2009 + Pará + PA + -1.99812710 + -54.93061520 + + + 2005 + Paraíba + PB + -7.23996090 + -36.78195050 + + + 2022 + Paraná + PR + -25.25208880 + -52.02154150 + + + 2006 + Pernambuco + PE + -8.81371730 + -36.95410700 + + + 2008 + Piauí + PI + -7.71834010 + -42.72892360 + + + 1997 + Rio de Janeiro + RJ + -22.90684670 + -43.17289650 + + + 2019 + Rio Grande do Norte + RN + -5.40258030 + -36.95410700 + + + 2001 + Rio Grande do Sul + RS + -30.03463160 + -51.21769860 + + + 2013 + Rondônia + RO + -11.50573410 + -63.58061100 + + + 4858 + Roraima + RR + 2.73759710 + -62.07509980 + + + 2014 + Santa Catarina + SC + -27.33000000 + -49.44000000 + + + 2021 + São Paulo + SP + -23.55051990 + -46.63330940 + + + 2003 + Sergipe + SE + -10.57409340 + -37.38565810 + + + 2020 + Tocantins + TO + -10.17528000 + -48.29824740 + +
+ + British Indian Ocean Territory + IOT + IO + 086 + 246 + Diego Garcia + USD + United States dollar + $ + .io + British Indian Ocean Territory + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Chagos + 21600 + UTC+06:00 + IOT + Indian Ocean Time + + + 영국령 인도양 지역 +
Território Britânico do Oceano íÍdico
+ Território Britânico do Oceano Índico + Britse Gebieden in de Indische Oceaan +
Britanski Indijskooceanski teritorij + قلمرو بریتانیا در اقیانوس هند + Britisches Territorium im Indischen Ozean + Territorio Británico del Océano Índico + Territoire britannique de l'océan Indien + イギリス領インド洋地域 + Territorio britannico dell'oceano indiano + 英属印度洋领地 +
+ -6.00000000 + 71.50000000 + 🇮🇴 + U+1F1EE U+1F1F4 + +
+ + Brunei + BRN + BN + 096 + 673 + Bandar Seri Begawan + BND + Brunei dollar + B$ + .bn + Negara Brunei Darussalam + Asia + South-Eastern Asia + + Asia/Brunei + 28800 + UTC+08:00 + BNT + Brunei Darussalam Time + + + 브루나이 +
Brunei
+ Brunei + Brunei +
Brunej + برونئی + Brunei + Brunei + Brunei + ブルネイ・ダルサラーム + Brunei + 文莱 +
+ 4.50000000 + 114.66666666 + 🇧🇳 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F3 + + 1217 + Belait District + BE + 4.37507490 + 114.61928990 + + + 1216 + Brunei-Muara District + BM + 4.93112060 + 114.95168690 + + + 1218 + Temburong District + TE + 4.62041280 + 115.14148400 + + + 1219 + Tutong District + TU + 4.71403730 + 114.66679390 + +
+ + Bulgaria + BGR + BG + 100 + 359 + Sofia + BGN + Bulgarian lev + Лв. + .bg + България + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Sofia + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 불가리아 +
Bulgária
+ Bulgária + Bulgarije +
Bugarska + بلغارستان + Bulgarien + Bulgaria + Bulgarie + ブルガリア + Bulgaria + 保加利亚 +
+ 43.00000000 + 25.00000000 + 🇧🇬 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1EC + + 4699 + Blagoevgrad Province + 01 + 42.02086140 + 23.09433560 + + + 4715 + Burgas Province + 02 + 42.50480000 + 27.46260790 + + + 4718 + Dobrich Province + 08 + 43.57278600 + 27.82728020 + + + 4693 + Gabrovo Province + 07 + 42.86847000 + 25.31688900 + + + 4704 + Haskovo Province + 26 + 41.93441780 + 25.55546720 + + + 4702 + Kardzhali Province + 09 + 41.63384160 + 25.37766870 + + + 4703 + Kyustendil Province + 10 + 42.28687990 + 22.69396350 + + + 4710 + Lovech Province + 11 + 43.13677980 + 24.71393350 + + + 4696 + Montana Province + 12 + 43.40851480 + 23.22575890 + + + 4712 + Pazardzhik Province + 13 + 42.19275670 + 24.33362260 + + + 4695 + Pernik Province + 14 + 42.60519900 + 23.03779160 + + + 4706 + Pleven Province + 15 + 43.41701690 + 24.60667080 + + + 4701 + Plovdiv Province + 16 + 42.13540790 + 24.74529040 + + + 4698 + Razgrad Province + 17 + 43.52717050 + 26.52412280 + + + 4713 + Ruse Province + 18 + 43.83559640 + 25.96561440 + + + 4882 + Shumen + 27 + 43.27123980 + 26.93612860 + + + 4708 + Silistra Province + 19 + 44.11471010 + 27.26714540 + + + 4700 + Sliven Province + 20 + 42.68167020 + 26.32285690 + + + 4694 + Smolyan Province + 21 + 41.57741480 + 24.70108710 + + + 4705 + Sofia City Province + 22 + 42.75701090 + 23.45046830 + + + 4719 + Sofia Province + 23 + 42.67344000 + 23.83349370 + + + 4707 + Stara Zagora Province + 24 + 42.42577090 + 25.63448550 + + + 4714 + Targovishte Province + 25 + 43.24623490 + 26.56912510 + + + 4717 + Varna Province + 03 + 43.20464770 + 27.91054880 + + + 4709 + Veliko Tarnovo Province + 04 + 43.07565390 + 25.61715000 + + + 4697 + Vidin Province + 05 + 43.99617390 + 22.86795150 + + + 4711 + Vratsa Province + 06 + 43.21018060 + 23.55292100 + + + 4716 + Yambol Province + 28 + 42.48414940 + 26.50352960 + +
+ + Burkina Faso + BFA + BF + 854 + 226 + Ouagadougou + XOF + West African CFA franc + CFA + .bf + Burkina Faso + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Ouagadougou + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 부르키나 파소 +
Burkina Faso
+ Burquina Faso + Burkina Faso +
Burkina Faso + بورکینافاسو + Burkina Faso + Burkina Faso + Burkina Faso + ブルキナファソ + Burkina Faso + 布基纳法索 +
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Burundi
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Burundi + بوروندی + Burundi + Burundi + Burundi + ブルンジ + Burundi + 布隆迪 +
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Camboja
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Kambodža + کامبوج + Kambodscha + Camboya + Cambodge + カンボジア + Cambogia + 柬埔寨 +
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Camarões
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Kamerun + کامرون + Kamerun + Camerún + Cameroun + カメルーン + Camerun + 喀麦隆 +
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Canadá
+ Canadá + Canada +
Kanada + کانادا + Kanada + Canadá + Canada + カナダ + Canada + 加拿大 +
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Cabo Verde
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Zelenortska Republika + کیپ ورد + Kap Verde + Cabo Verde + Cap Vert + カーボベルデ + Capo Verde + 佛得角 +
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Ilhas Cayman
+ Ilhas Caimão + Caymaneilanden +
Kajmanski otoci + جزایر کیمن + Kaimaninseln + Islas Caimán + Îles Caïmans + ケイマン諸島 + Isole Cayman + 开曼群岛 +
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República Centro-Africana
+ República Centro-Africana + Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek +
Srednjoafrička Republika + جمهوری آفریقای مرکزی + Zentralafrikanische Republik + República Centroafricana + République centrafricaine + 中央アフリカ共和国 + Repubblica Centrafricana + 中非 +
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Chade
+ Chade + Tsjaad +
Čad + چاد + Tschad + Chad + Tchad + チャド + Ciad + 乍得 +
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Chile
+ Chile + Chili +
Čile + شیلی + Chile + Chile + Chili + チリ + Cile + 智利 +
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China
+ China + China +
Kina + چین + China + China + Chine + 中国 + Cina + 中国 +
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+ + Christmas Island + CXR + CX + 162 + 61 + Flying Fish Cove + AUD + Australian dollar + $ + .cx + Christmas Island + Oceania + Australia and New Zealand + + Indian/Christmas + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + CXT + Christmas Island Time + + + 크리스마스 섬 +
Ilha Christmas
+ Ilha do Natal + Christmaseiland +
Božićni otok + جزیره کریسمس + Weihnachtsinsel + Isla de Navidad + Île Christmas + クリスマス島 + Isola di Natale + 圣诞岛 +
+ -10.50000000 + 105.66666666 + 🇨🇽 + U+1F1E8 U+1F1FD + +
+ + Cocos (Keeling) Islands + CCK + CC + 166 + 61 + West Island + AUD + Australian dollar + $ + .cc + Cocos (Keeling) Islands + Oceania + Australia and New Zealand + + Indian/Cocos + 23400 + UTC+06:30 + CCT + Cocos Islands Time + + + 코코스 제도 +
Ilhas Cocos
+ Ilhas dos Cocos + Cocoseilanden +
Kokosovi Otoci + جزایر کوکوس + Kokosinseln + Islas Cocos o Islas Keeling + Îles Cocos + ココス(キーリング)諸島 + Isole Cocos e Keeling + 科科斯(基林)群岛 +
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Colômbia
+ Colômbia + Colombia +
Kolumbija + کلمبیا + Kolumbien + Colombia + Colombie + コロンビア + Colombia + 哥伦比亚 +
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+ + Comoros + COM + KM + 174 + 269 + Moroni + KMF + Comorian franc + CF + .km + Komori + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Comoro + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + EAT + East Africa Time + + + 코모로 +
Comores
+ Comores + Comoren +
Komori + کومور + Union der Komoren + Comoras + Comores + コモロ + Comore + 科摩罗 +
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+ + Congo + COG + CG + 178 + 242 + Brazzaville + XAF + Central African CFA franc + FC + .cg + République du Congo + Africa + Middle Africa + + Africa/Brazzaville + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WAT + West Africa Time + + + 콩고 +
Congo
+ Congo + Congo [Republiek] +
Kongo + کنگو + Kongo + Congo + Congo + コンゴ共和国 + Congo + 刚果 +
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+ + Cook Islands + COK + CK + 184 + 682 + Avarua + NZD + Cook Islands dollar + $ + .ck + Cook Islands + Oceania + Polynesia + + Pacific/Rarotonga + -36000 + UTC-10:00 + CKT + Cook Island Time + + + 쿡 제도 +
Ilhas Cook
+ Ilhas Cook + Cookeilanden +
Cookovo Otočje + جزایر کوک + Cookinseln + Islas Cook + Îles Cook + クック諸島 + Isole Cook + 库克群岛 +
+ -21.23333333 + -159.76666666 + 🇨🇰 + U+1F1E8 U+1F1F0 + +
+ + Costa Rica + CRI + CR + 188 + 506 + San Jose + CRC + Costa Rican colón + + .cr + Costa Rica + Americas + Central America + + America/Costa_Rica + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + 코스타리카 +
Costa Rica
+ Costa Rica + Costa Rica +
Kostarika + کاستاریکا + Costa Rica + Costa Rica + Costa Rica + コスタリカ + Costa Rica + 哥斯达黎加 +
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+ + Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) + CIV + CI + 384 + 225 + Yamoussoukro + XOF + West African CFA franc + CFA + .ci + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Abidjan + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 코트디부아르 +
Costa do Marfim
+ Costa do Marfim + Ivoorkust +
Obala Bjelokosti + ساحل عاج + Elfenbeinküste + Costa de Marfil + Côte d'Ivoire + コートジボワール + Costa D'Avorio + 科特迪瓦 +
+ 8.00000000 + -5.00000000 + 🇨🇮 + U+1F1E8 U+1F1EE + + 2634 + Abidjan + AB + 5.35995170 + -4.00825630 + + + 2626 + Agnéby + 16 + 5.32245030 + -4.34495290 + + + 2636 + Bafing Region + 17 + 8.32520470 + -7.52472430 + + + 2643 + Bas-Sassandra District + BS + 5.27983560 + -6.15269850 + + + 2635 + Bas-Sassandra Region + 09 + 5.35679160 + -6.74939930 + + + 2654 + Comoé District + CM + 5.55279300 + -3.25836260 + + + 2644 + Denguélé District + DN + 48.07077630 + -68.56093410 + + + 2642 + Denguélé Region + 10 + 9.46623720 + -7.43813550 + + + 2645 + Dix-Huit Montagnes + 06 + 7.37623730 + -7.43813550 + + + 2633 + Fromager + 18 + 45.54502130 + -73.60462230 + + + 2651 + Gôh-Djiboua District + GD + 5.87113930 + -5.56172790 + + + 2638 + Haut-Sassandra + 02 + 6.87578480 + -6.57833870 + + + 2632 + Lacs District + LC + 48.19801690 + -80.45644120 + + + 2640 + Lacs Region + 07 + 47.73958660 + -70.41866520 + + + 2627 + Lagunes District + LG + 5.88273340 + -4.23333550 + + + 2639 + Lagunes region + 01 + 5.88273340 + -4.23333550 + + + 2631 + Marahoué Region + 12 + 6.88462070 + -5.89871390 + + + 2629 + Montagnes District + MG + 7.37623730 + -7.43813550 + + + 2646 + Moyen-Cavally + 19 + 6.52087930 + -7.61142170 + + + 2630 + Moyen-Comoé + 05 + 6.65149170 + -3.50034540 + + + 2655 + N'zi-Comoé + 11 + 7.24567490 + -4.23333550 + + + 2648 + Sassandra-Marahoué District + SM + 6.88033480 + -6.23759470 + + + 2625 + Savanes Region + 03 + + + 2628 + Sud-Bandama + 15 + 5.53570830 + -5.56172790 + + + 2652 + Sud-Comoé + 13 + 5.55279300 + -3.25836260 + + + 2637 + Vallée du Bandama District + VB + 8.27897800 + -4.89356270 + + + 2647 + Vallée du Bandama Region + 04 + 8.27897800 + -4.89356270 + + + 2650 + Woroba District + WR + 8.24913720 + -6.92091350 + + + 2649 + Worodougou + 14 + 8.25489620 + -6.57833870 + + + 2653 + Yamoussoukro + YM + 6.82762280 + -5.28934330 + + + 2641 + Zanzan Region + ZZ + 8.82079040 + -3.41955270 + +
+ + Croatia + HRV + HR + 191 + 385 + Zagreb + HRK + Croatian kuna + kn + .hr + Hrvatska + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Zagreb + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 크로아티아 +
Croácia
+ Croácia + Kroatië +
Hrvatska + کرواسی + Kroatien + Croacia + Croatie + クロアチア + Croazia + 克罗地亚 +
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+ + Cuba + CUB + CU + 192 + 53 + Havana + CUP + Cuban peso + $ + .cu + Cuba + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Havana + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + CST + Cuba Standard Time + + + 쿠바 +
Cuba
+ Cuba + Cuba +
Kuba + کوبا + Kuba + Cuba + Cuba + キューバ + Cuba + 古巴 +
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+ + Curaçao + CUW + CW + 531 + 599 + Willemstad + ANG + Netherlands Antillean guilder + ƒ + .cw + Curaçao + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Curacao + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 퀴라소 +
Curaçao
+ Curaçao + Curaçao + کوراسائو + Curaçao + Curaçao + Curaçao + 库拉索 +
+ 12.11666700 + -68.93333300 + 🇨🇼 + U+1F1E8 U+1F1FC + +
+ + Cyprus + CYP + CY + 196 + 357 + Nicosia + EUR + Euro + + .cy + Κύπρος + Europe + Southern Europe + + Asia/Famagusta + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + Asia/Nicosia + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 키프로스 +
Chipre
+ Chipre + Cyprus +
Cipar + قبرس + Zypern + Chipre + Chypre + キプロス + Cipro + 塞浦路斯 +
+ 35.00000000 + 33.00000000 + 🇨🇾 + U+1F1E8 U+1F1FE + + 749 + Famagusta District (Mağusa) + 04 + 35.28570230 + 33.84112880 + district + + + 744 + Kyrenia District (Keryneia) + 06 + 35.29919400 + 33.23632460 + district + + + 747 + Larnaca District (Larnaka) + 03 + 34.85072060 + 33.48319060 + district + + + 748 + Limassol District (Leymasun) + 02 + 34.70713010 + 33.02261740 + district + + + 745 + Nicosia District (Lefkoşa) + 01 + 35.18556590 + 33.38227640 + district + + + 746 + Paphos District (Pafos) + 05 + 34.91645940 + 32.49200880 + district + +
+ + Czech Republic + CZE + CZ + 203 + 420 + Prague + CZK + Czech koruna + + .cz + Česká republika + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Prague + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 체코 +
República Tcheca
+ República Checa + Tsjechië +
Češka + جمهوری چک + Tschechische Republik + República Checa + République tchèque + チェコ + Repubblica Ceca + 捷克 +
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49.60433640 + 15.57965520 + + + 4561 + Hodonín + 645 + 48.85293910 + 17.12600250 + + + 4580 + Hradec Králové + 521 + 50.24148050 + 15.67430000 + + + 4612 + Jablonec nad Nisou + 512 + 50.72205280 + 15.17031350 + + + 4625 + Jeseník + 711 + 50.22462490 + 17.19804710 + + + 4640 + Jičín + 522 + 50.43533250 + 15.36104400 + + + 4613 + Jihlava + 632 + 49.39837820 + 15.58704150 + + + 4639 + Jihočeský kraj + 31 + 48.94577890 + 14.44160550 + + + 4602 + Jihomoravský kraj + 64 + 48.95445280 + 16.76768990 + + + 4624 + Jindřichův Hradec + 313 + 49.14448230 + 15.00613890 + + + 4581 + Karlovarský kraj + 41 + 50.14350000 + 12.75018990 + + + 4604 + Karlovy Vary + 412 + 50.14350000 + 12.75018990 + + + 4586 + Karviná + 803 + 49.85665240 + 18.54321860 + + + 4631 + Kladno + 203 + 50.19402580 + 14.10436570 + + + 4591 + Klatovy + 322 + 49.39555490 + 13.29509370 + + + 4618 + Kolín + 204 + 49.98832930 + 15.05519770 + + + 4575 + Kraj Vysočina + 63 + 49.44900520 + 15.64059340 + + + 4614 + Královéhradecký kraj + 52 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646 + 49.21274450 + 16.98559270 + + + 4648 + Žďár nad Sázavou + 635 + 49.56430120 + 15.93910300 + + + 4563 + Zlín + 724 + 49.16960520 + 17.80252200 + + + 4552 + Zlínský kraj + 72 + 49.21622960 + 17.77203530 + + + 4630 + Znojmo + 647 + 48.92723270 + 16.10378080 + +
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RD Congo
+ RD Congo + Congo [DRC] +
Kongo, Demokratska Republika + جمهوری کنگو + Kongo (Dem. Rep.) + Congo (Rep. Dem.) + Congo (Rép. dém.) + コンゴ民主共和国 + Congo (Rep. Dem.) + 刚果(金) +
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Dinamarca
+ Dinamarca + Denemarken +
Danska + دانمارک + Dänemark + Dinamarca + Danemark + デンマーク + Danimarca + 丹麦 +
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Djibuti
+ Djibuti + Djibouti +
Džibuti + جیبوتی + Dschibuti + Yibuti + Djibouti + ジブチ + Gibuti + 吉布提 +
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Dominica
+ Dominica + Dominica +
Dominika + دومینیکا + Dominica + Dominica + Dominique + ドミニカ国 + Dominica + 多米尼加 +
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República Dominicana
+ República Dominicana + Dominicaanse Republiek +
Dominikanska Republika + جمهوری دومینیکن + Dominikanische Republik + República Dominicana + République dominicaine + ドミニカ共和国 + Repubblica Dominicana + 多明尼加共和国 +
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Timor Leste
+ Timor Leste + Oost-Timor +
Istočni Timor + تیمور شرقی + Timor-Leste + Timor Oriental + Timor oriental + 東ティモール + Timor Est + 东帝汶 +
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Equador
+ Equador + Ecuador +
Ekvador + اکوادور + Ecuador + Ecuador + Équateur + エクアドル + Ecuador + 厄瓜多尔 +
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+ + Egypt + EGY + EG + 818 + 20 + Cairo + EGP + Egyptian pound + ج.م + .eg + مصر‎ + Africa + Northern Africa + + Africa/Cairo + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 이집트 +
Egito
+ Egipto + Egypte +
Egipat + مصر + Ägypten + Egipto + Égypte + エジプト + Egitto + 埃及 +
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+ + El Salvador + SLV + SV + 222 + 503 + San Salvador + USD + United States dollar + $ + .sv + El Salvador + Americas + Central America + + America/El_Salvador + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + 엘살바도르 +
El Salvador
+ El Salvador + El Salvador +
Salvador + السالوادور + El Salvador + El Salvador + Salvador + エルサルバドル + El Salvador + 萨尔瓦多 +
+ 13.83333333 + -88.91666666 + 🇸🇻 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1FB + + 4139 + Ahuachapán Department + AH + 13.82161480 + -89.92532330 + + + 4132 + Cabañas Department + CA + 13.86482880 + -88.74939980 + + + 4131 + Chalatenango Department + CH + 14.19166480 + -89.17059980 + + + 4137 + Cuscatlán Department + CU + 13.86619570 + -89.05615320 + + + 4134 + La Libertad Department + LI + 13.68176610 + -89.36062980 + + + 4136 + La Paz Department + PA + + + 4138 + La Unión Department + UN + 13.48864430 + -87.89424510 + + + 4130 + Morazán Department + MO + 13.76820000 + -88.12913870 + + + 4135 + San Miguel Department + SM + 13.44510410 + -88.24611830 + + + 4133 + San Salvador Department + SS + 13.77399970 + -89.20867730 + + + 4127 + San Vicente Department + SV + 13.58685610 + -88.74939980 + + + 4128 + Santa Ana Department + SA + 14.14611210 + -89.51200840 + + + 4140 + Sonsonate Department + SO + 13.68235800 + -89.66281110 + + + 4129 + Usulután Department + US + 13.44706340 + -88.55653100 + +
+ + Equatorial Guinea + GNQ + GQ + 226 + 240 + Malabo + XAF + Central African CFA franc + FCFA + .gq + Guinea Ecuatorial + Africa + Middle Africa + + Africa/Malabo + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WAT + West Africa Time + + + 적도 기니 +
Guiné Equatorial
+ Guiné Equatorial + Equatoriaal-Guinea +
Ekvatorijalna Gvineja + گینه استوایی + Äquatorial-Guinea + Guinea Ecuatorial + Guinée-Équatoriale + 赤道ギニア + Guinea Equatoriale + 赤道几内亚 +
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Eritreia
+ Eritreia + Eritrea +
Eritreja + اریتره + Eritrea + Eritrea + Érythrée + エリトリア + Eritrea + 厄立特里亚 +
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Estônia
+ Estónia + Estland +
Estonija + استونی + Estland + Estonia + Estonie + エストニア + Estonia + 爱沙尼亚 +
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Etiópia
+ Etiópia + Ethiopië +
Etiopija + اتیوپی + Äthiopien + Etiopía + Éthiopie + エチオピア + Etiopia + 埃塞俄比亚 +
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Ilhas Malvinas
+ Ilhas Falkland + Falklandeilanden [Islas Malvinas] +
Falklandski Otoci + جزایر فالکلند + Falklandinseln + Islas Malvinas + Îles Malouines + フォークランド(マルビナス)諸島 + Isole Falkland o Isole Malvine + 福克兰群岛 +
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Ilhas Faroé
+ Ilhas Faroé + Faeröer +
Farski Otoci + جزایر فارو + Färöer-Inseln + Islas Faroe + Îles Féroé + フェロー諸島 + Isole Far Oer + 法罗群岛 +
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Fiji
+ Fiji + Fiji +
Fiđi + فیجی + Fidschi + Fiyi + Fidji + フィジー + Figi + 斐济 +
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Finlândia
+ Finlândia + Finland +
Finska + فنلاند + Finnland + Finlandia + Finlande + フィンランド + Finlandia + 芬兰 +
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França
+ França + Frankrijk +
Francuska + فرانسه + Frankreich + Francia + France + フランス + Francia + 法国 +
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+ + French Guiana + GUF + GF + 254 + 594 + Cayenne + EUR + Euro + + .gf + Guyane française + Americas + South America + + America/Cayenne + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + GFT + French Guiana Time + + + 프랑스령 기아나 +
Guiana Francesa
+ Guiana Francesa + Frans-Guyana +
Francuska Gvajana + گویان فرانسه + Französisch Guyana + Guayana Francesa + Guayane + フランス領ギアナ + Guyana francese + 法属圭亚那 +
+ 4.00000000 + -53.00000000 + 🇬🇫 + U+1F1EC U+1F1EB + +
+ + French Polynesia + PYF + PF + 258 + 689 + Papeete + XPF + CFP franc + + .pf + Polynésie française + Oceania + Polynesia + + Pacific/Gambier + -32400 + UTC-09:00 + GAMT + Gambier Islands Time + + + Pacific/Marquesas + -34200 + UTC-09:30 + MART + Marquesas Islands Time + + + Pacific/Tahiti + -36000 + UTC-10:00 + TAHT + Tahiti Time + + + 프랑스령 폴리네시아 +
Polinésia Francesa
+ Polinésia Francesa + Frans-Polynesië +
Francuska Polinezija + پلی‌نزی فرانسه + Französisch-Polynesien + Polinesia Francesa + Polynésie française + フランス領ポリネシア + Polinesia Francese + 法属波利尼西亚 +
+ -15.00000000 + -140.00000000 + 🇵🇫 + U+1F1F5 U+1F1EB + +
+ + French Southern Territories + ATF + TF + 260 + 262 + Port-aux-Francais + EUR + Euro + + .tf + Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques fr + Africa + Southern Africa + + Indian/Kerguelen + 18000 + UTC+05:00 + TFT + French Southern and Antarctic Time + + + 프랑스령 남방 및 남극 +
Terras Austrais e Antárticas Francesas
+ Terras Austrais e Antárticas Francesas + Franse Gebieden in de zuidelijke Indische Oceaan +
Francuski južni i antarktički teritoriji + سرزمین‌های جنوبی و جنوبگانی فرانسه + Französische Süd- und Antarktisgebiete + Tierras Australes y Antárticas Francesas + Terres australes et antarctiques françaises + フランス領南方・南極地域 + Territori Francesi del Sud + 法属南部领地 +
+ -49.25000000 + 69.16700000 + 🇹🇫 + U+1F1F9 U+1F1EB + +
+ + Gabon + GAB + GA + 266 + 241 + Libreville + XAF + Central African CFA franc + FCFA + .ga + Gabon + Africa + Middle Africa + + Africa/Libreville + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WAT + West Africa Time + + + 가봉 +
Gabão
+ Gabão + Gabon +
Gabon + گابن + Gabun + Gabón + Gabon + ガボン + Gabon + 加蓬 +
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Gâmbia
+ Gâmbia + Gambia +
Gambija + گامبیا + Gambia + Gambia + Gambie + ガンビア + Gambia + 冈比亚 +
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+ + Georgia + GEO + GE + 268 + 995 + Tbilisi + GEL + Georgian lari + + .ge + საქართველო + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Tbilisi + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + GET + Georgia Standard Time + + + 조지아 +
Geórgia
+ Geórgia + Georgië +
Gruzija + گرجستان + Georgien + Georgia + Géorgie + グルジア + Georgia + 格鲁吉亚 +
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+ + Germany + DEU + DE + 276 + 49 + Berlin + EUR + Euro + + .de + Deutschland + Europe + Western Europe + + Europe/Berlin + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + Europe/Busingen + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 독일 +
Alemanha
+ Alemanha + Duitsland +
Njemačka + آلمان + Deutschland + Alemania + Allemagne + ドイツ + Germania + 德国 +
+ 51.00000000 + 9.00000000 + 🇩🇪 + U+1F1E9 U+1F1EA + + 3006 + Baden-Württemberg + BW + 48.66160370 + 9.35013360 + + + 3009 + Bavaria + BY + 48.79044720 + 11.49788950 + + + 3010 + Berlin + BE + 52.52000660 + 13.40495400 + + + 3013 + Brandenburg + BB + 52.41252870 + 12.53164440 + + + 3014 + Bremen + HB + 53.07929620 + 8.80169360 + + + 3016 + Hamburg + HH + 53.55108460 + 9.99368190 + + + 3018 + Hesse + HE + 50.65205150 + 9.16243760 + + + 3008 + Lower Saxony + NI + 52.63670360 + 9.84507660 + + + 3007 + Mecklenburg-Vorpommern + MV + 53.61265050 + 12.42959530 + + + 3017 + North Rhine-Westphalia + NW + 51.43323670 + 7.66159380 + + + 3019 + Rhineland-Palatinate + RP + 50.11834600 + 7.30895270 + + + 3020 + Saarland + SL + 49.39642340 + 7.02296070 + + + 3021 + Saxony + SN + 51.10454070 + 13.20173840 + + + 3011 + Saxony-Anhalt + ST + 51.95026490 + 11.69227340 + + + 3005 + Schleswig-Holstein + SH + 54.21936720 + 9.69611670 + + + 3015 + Thuringia + TH + 51.01098920 + 10.84534600 + +
+ + Ghana + GHA + GH + 288 + 233 + Accra + GHS + Ghanaian cedi + GH₵ + .gh + Ghana + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Accra + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 가나 +
Gana
+ Gana + Ghana +
Gana + غنا + Ghana + Ghana + Ghana + ガーナ + Ghana + 加纳 +
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+ + Gibraltar + GIB + GI + 292 + 350 + Gibraltar + GIP + Gibraltar pound + £ + .gi + Gibraltar + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Gibraltar + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 지브롤터 +
Gibraltar
+ Gibraltar + Gibraltar +
Gibraltar + جبل‌طارق + Gibraltar + Gibraltar + Gibraltar + ジブラルタル + Gibilterra + 直布罗陀 +
+ 36.13333333 + -5.35000000 + 🇬🇮 + U+1F1EC U+1F1EE + +
+ + Greece + GRC + GR + 300 + 30 + Athens + EUR + Euro + + .gr + Ελλάδα + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Athens + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 그리스 +
Grécia
+ Grécia + Griekenland +
Grčka + یونان + Griechenland + Grecia + Grèce + ギリシャ + Grecia + 希腊 +
+ 39.00000000 + 22.00000000 + 🇬🇷 + U+1F1EC U+1F1F7 + + 2116 + Achaea Regional Unit + 13 + 38.11587290 + 21.95224910 + + + 2123 + Aetolia-Acarnania Regional Unit + 01 + 38.70843860 + 21.37989280 + + + 2098 + Arcadia Prefecture + 12 + 37.55578250 + 22.33377690 + + + 2105 + Argolis Regional Unit + 11 + + + 2122 + Attica Region + I + 38.04575680 + 23.85847370 + + + 2126 + Boeotia Regional Unit + 03 + 38.36636640 + 23.09650640 + + + 2128 + Central Greece Region + H + 38.60439840 + 22.71521310 + + + 2125 + Central Macedonia + B + 40.62117300 + 23.19180210 + + + 2115 + Chania Regional Unit + 94 + 35.51382980 + 24.01803670 + + + 2124 + Corfu Prefecture + 22 + 39.62498380 + 19.92234610 + + + 2129 + Corinthia Regional Unit + 15 + + + 2109 + Crete Region + M + 35.24011700 + 24.80926910 + + + 2130 + Drama Regional Unit + 52 + 41.23400230 + 24.23904980 + + + 2120 + East Attica Regional Unit + A2 + 38.20540930 + 23.85847370 + + + 2117 + East Macedonia and Thrace + A + 41.12951260 + 24.88771910 + + + 2110 + Epirus Region + D + 39.57064130 + 20.76428430 + + + 2101 + Euboea + 04 + 38.52360360 + 23.85847370 + + + 2102 + Grevena Prefecture + 51 + 40.08376260 + 21.42732990 + + + 2099 + Imathia Regional Unit + 53 + 40.60600670 + 22.14302150 + + + 2113 + Ioannina Regional Unit + 33 + 39.66502880 + 20.85374660 + + + 2131 + Ionian Islands Region + F + 37.96948980 + 21.38023720 + + + 2095 + Karditsa Regional Unit + 41 + 39.36402580 + 21.92140490 + + + 2100 + Kastoria Regional Unit + 56 + 40.51926910 + 21.26871710 + + + 2127 + Kefalonia Prefecture + 23 + 38.17536750 + 20.56921790 + + + 2111 + Kilkis Regional Unit + 57 + 40.99370710 + 22.87536740 + + + 2112 + Kozani Prefecture + 58 + 40.30055860 + 21.78877370 + + + 2106 + Laconia + 16 + 43.52785460 + -71.47035090 + + + 2132 + Larissa Prefecture + 42 + 39.63902240 + 22.41912540 + + + 2104 + Lefkada Regional Unit + 24 + 38.83336630 + 20.70691080 + + + 2107 + Pella Regional Unit + 59 + 40.91480390 + 22.14302150 + + + 2119 + Peloponnese Region + J + 37.50794720 + 22.37349000 + + + 2114 + Phthiotis Prefecture + 06 + 38.99978500 + 22.33377690 + + + 2103 + Preveza Prefecture + 34 + 38.95926490 + 20.75171550 + + + 2121 + Serres Prefecture + 62 + 41.08638540 + 23.54838190 + + + 2118 + South Aegean + L + 37.08553020 + 25.14892150 + + + 2097 + Thessaloniki Regional Unit + 54 + 40.64006290 + 22.94441910 + + + 2096 + West Greece Region + G + 38.51154960 + 21.57067860 + + + 2108 + West Macedonia Region + C + 40.30040580 + 21.79035590 + +
+ + Greenland + GRL + GL + 304 + 299 + Nuuk + DKK + Danish krone + Kr. + .gl + Kalaallit Nunaat + Americas + Northern America + + America/Danmarkshavn + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + America/Nuuk + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + WGT + West Greenland Time + + + America/Scoresbysund + -3600 + UTC-01:00 + EGT + Eastern Greenland Time + + + America/Thule + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 그린란드 +
Groelândia
+ Gronelândia + Groenland +
Grenland + گرینلند + Grönland + Groenlandia + Groenland + グリーンランド + Groenlandia + 格陵兰岛 +
+ 72.00000000 + -40.00000000 + 🇬🇱 + U+1F1EC U+1F1F1 + +
+ + Grenada + GRD + GD + 308 + +1-473 + St. George's + XCD + Eastern Caribbean dollar + $ + .gd + Grenada + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Grenada + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 그레나다 +
Granada
+ Granada + Grenada +
Grenada + گرنادا + Grenada + Grenada + Grenade + グレナダ + Grenada + 格林纳达 +
+ 12.11666666 + -61.66666666 + 🇬🇩 + U+1F1EC U+1F1E9 + + 3867 + Carriacou and Petite Martinique + 10 + 12.47858880 + -61.44938420 + + + 3865 + Saint Andrew Parish + 01 + + + 3869 + Saint David Parish + 02 + + + 3864 + Saint George Parish + 03 + + + 3868 + Saint John Parish + 04 + 30.11183310 + -90.48799160 + + + 3866 + Saint Mark Parish + 05 + 40.58818630 + -73.94957010 + + + 3863 + Saint Patrick Parish + 06 + +
+ + Guadeloupe + GLP + GP + 312 + 590 + Basse-Terre + EUR + Euro + + .gp + Guadeloupe + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Guadeloupe + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 과들루프 +
Guadalupe
+ Guadalupe + Guadeloupe +
Gvadalupa + جزیره گوادلوپ + Guadeloupe + Guadalupe + Guadeloupe + グアドループ + Guadeloupa + 瓜德罗普岛 +
+ 16.25000000 + -61.58333300 + 🇬🇵 + U+1F1EC U+1F1F5 + +
+ + Guam + GUM + GU + 316 + +1-671 + Hagatna + USD + US Dollar + $ + .gu + Guam + Oceania + Micronesia + + Pacific/Guam + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + CHST + Chamorro Standard Time + + + +
Guam
+ Guame + Guam +
Guam + گوام + Guam + Guam + Guam + グアム + Guam + 关岛 +
+ 13.46666666 + 144.78333333 + 🇬🇺 + U+1F1EC U+1F1FA + +
+ + Guatemala + GTM + GT + 320 + 502 + Guatemala City + GTQ + Guatemalan quetzal + Q + .gt + Guatemala + Americas + Central America + + America/Guatemala + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + 과테말라 +
Guatemala
+ Guatemala + Guatemala +
Gvatemala + گواتمالا + Guatemala + Guatemala + Guatemala + グアテマラ + Guatemala + 危地马拉 +
+ 15.50000000 + -90.25000000 + 🇬🇹 + U+1F1EC U+1F1F9 + + 3671 + Alta Verapaz Department + AV + 15.59428830 + -90.14949880 + + + 3674 + Baja Verapaz Department + BV + 15.12558670 + -90.37483540 + + + 3675 + Chimaltenango Department + CM + 14.56347870 + -90.98206680 + + + 3666 + Chiquimula Department + CQ + 14.75149990 + -89.47421770 + + + 3662 + El Progreso Department + PR + 14.93887320 + -90.07467670 + + + 3677 + Escuintla Department + ES + 14.19109120 + -90.98206680 + + + 3672 + Guatemala Department + GU + 14.56494010 + -90.52578230 + + + 3670 + Huehuetenango Department + HU + 15.58799140 + -91.67606910 + + + 3659 + Izabal Department + IZ + 15.49765170 + -88.86469800 + + + 3658 + Jalapa Department + JA + 14.61214460 + -89.96267990 + + + 3673 + Jutiapa Department + JU + 14.19308020 + -89.92532330 + + + 3669 + Petén Department + PE + 16.91203300 + -90.29957850 + + + 3668 + Quetzaltenango Department + QZ + 14.79243300 + -91.71495800 + + + 3657 + Quiché Department + QC + 15.49838080 + -90.98206680 + + + 3664 + Retalhuleu Department + RE + 14.52454850 + -91.68578800 + + + 3676 + Sacatepéquez Department + SA + 14.51783790 + -90.71527490 + + + 3667 + San Marcos Department + SM + 14.93095690 + -91.90992380 + + + 3665 + Santa Rosa Department + SR + 38.44057590 + -122.70375430 + + + 3661 + Sololá Department + SO + 14.74852300 + -91.28910360 + + + 3660 + Suchitepéquez Department + SU + 14.42159820 + -91.40482490 + + + 3663 + Totonicapán Department + TO + 14.91734020 + -91.36139230 + +
+ + Guernsey and Alderney + GGY + GG + 831 + +44-1481 + St Peter Port + GBP + British pound + £ + .gg + Guernsey + Europe + Northern Europe + + Europe/Guernsey + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 건지, 올더니 +
Guernsey
+ Guernsey + Guernsey +
Guernsey + گرنزی + Guernsey + Guernsey + Guernesey + ガーンジー + Guernsey + 根西岛 +
+ 49.46666666 + -2.58333333 + 🇬🇬 + U+1F1EC U+1F1EC + +
+ + Guinea + GIN + GN + 324 + 224 + Conakry + GNF + Guinean franc + FG + .gn + Guinée + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Conakry + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 기니 +
Guiné
+ Guiné + Guinee +
Gvineja + گینه + Guinea + Guinea + Guinée + ギニア + Guinea + 几内亚 +
+ 11.00000000 + -10.00000000 + 🇬🇳 + U+1F1EC U+1F1F3 + + 2672 + Beyla Prefecture + BE + 8.91981780 + -8.30884410 + + + 2699 + Boffa Prefecture + BF + 10.18082540 + -14.03916150 + + + 2709 + Boké Prefecture + BK + 11.08473790 + -14.37919120 + + + 2676 + Boké Region + B + 11.18646720 + -14.10013260 + + + 2686 + Conakry + C + 9.64118550 + -13.57840120 + + + 2705 + Coyah Prefecture + CO + 9.77155350 + -13.31252990 + + + 2679 + Dabola Prefecture + DB + 10.72978060 + -11.11078540 + + + 2706 + Dalaba Prefecture + DL + 10.68681760 + -12.24906970 + + + 2688 + Dinguiraye Prefecture + DI + 11.68442220 + -10.80000510 + + + 2681 + Dubréka Prefecture + DU + 9.79073480 + -13.51477350 + + + 2682 + Faranah Prefecture + FA + 9.90573990 + -10.80000510 + + + 2683 + Forécariah Prefecture + FO + 9.38861870 + -13.08179030 + + + 2675 + Fria Prefecture + FR + 10.36745430 + -13.58418710 + + + 2685 + Gaoual Prefecture + GA + 11.57628040 + -13.35872880 + + + 2711 + Guéckédou Prefecture + GU + 8.56496880 + -10.13111630 + + + 2704 + Kankan Prefecture + KA + 10.30344650 + -9.36730840 + + + 2697 + Kankan Region + K + 10.12092300 + -9.54509740 + + + 2710 + Kérouané Prefecture + KE + 9.25366430 + -9.01289260 + + + 2693 + Kindia Prefecture + KD + 10.10132920 + -12.71351210 + + + 2701 + Kindia Region + D + 10.17816940 + -12.98961500 + + + 2691 + Kissidougou Prefecture + KS + 9.22520220 + -10.08072980 + + + 2692 + Koubia Prefecture + KB + 11.58235400 + -11.89202370 + + + 2703 + Koundara Prefecture + KN + 12.48940210 + -13.30675620 + + + 2695 + Kouroussa Prefecture + KO + 10.64892290 + -9.88505860 + + + 2680 + Labé Prefecture + LA + 11.35419390 + -12.34638750 + + + 2677 + Labé Region + L + 11.32320420 + -12.28913140 + + + 2690 + Lélouma Prefecture + LE + 11.18333300 + -12.93333300 + + + 2708 + Lola Prefecture + LO + 7.96138180 + -8.39649380 + + + 2702 + Macenta Prefecture + MC + 8.46157950 + -9.27855830 + + + 2700 + Mali Prefecture + ML + 11.98370900 + -12.25479190 + + + 2689 + Mamou Prefecture + MM + 10.57360240 + -11.88917210 + + + 2698 + Mamou Region + M + 10.57360240 + -11.88917210 + + + 2673 + Mandiana Prefecture + MD + 10.61728270 + -8.69857160 + + + 2678 + Nzérékoré Prefecture + NZ + 7.74783590 + -8.82525020 + + + 2684 + Nzérékoré Region + N + 8.03858700 + -8.83627550 + + + 2694 + Pita Prefecture + PI + 10.80620860 + -12.71351210 + + + 2707 + Siguiri Prefecture + SI + 11.41481130 + -9.17883040 + + + 2687 + Télimélé Prefecture + TE + 10.90893640 + -13.02993310 + + + 2696 + Tougué Prefecture + TO + 11.38415830 + -11.61577730 + + + 2674 + Yomou Prefecture + YO + 7.56962790 + -9.25915710 + +
+ + Guinea-Bissau + GNB + GW + 624 + 245 + Bissau + XOF + West African CFA franc + CFA + .gw + Guiné-Bissau + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Bissau + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 기니비사우 +
Guiné-Bissau
+ Guiné-Bissau + Guinee-Bissau +
Gvineja Bisau + گینه بیسائو + Guinea-Bissau + Guinea-Bisáu + Guinée-Bissau + ギニアビサウ + Guinea-Bissau + 几内亚比绍 +
+ 12.00000000 + -15.00000000 + 🇬🇼 + U+1F1EC U+1F1FC + + 2720 + Bafatá + BA + 12.17352430 + -14.65295200 + + + 2714 + Biombo Region + BM + 11.85290610 + -15.73511710 + + + 2722 + Bolama Region + BL + 11.14805910 + -16.13457050 + + + 2713 + Cacheu Region + CA + 12.05514160 + -16.06401790 + + + 2719 + Gabú Region + GA + 11.89624880 + -14.10013260 + + + 2721 + Leste Province + L + + + 2717 + Norte Province + N + 7.87218110 + 123.88577470 + + + 2718 + Oio Region + OI + 12.27607090 + -15.31311850 + + + 2715 + Quinara Region + QU + 11.79556200 + -15.17268160 + + + 2716 + Sul Province + S + -10.28665780 + 20.71224650 + + + 2712 + Tombali Region + TO + 11.36326960 + -14.98561760 + +
+ + Guyana + GUY + GY + 328 + 592 + Georgetown + GYD + Guyanese dollar + $ + .gy + Guyana + Americas + South America + + America/Guyana + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + GYT + Guyana Time + + + 가이아나 +
Guiana
+ Guiana + Guyana +
Gvajana + گویان + Guyana + Guyana + Guyane + ガイアナ + Guyana + 圭亚那 +
+ 5.00000000 + -59.00000000 + 🇬🇾 + U+1F1EC U+1F1FE + + 2764 + Barima-Waini + BA + 7.48824190 + -59.65644940 + + + 2760 + Cuyuni-Mazaruni + CU + 6.46421410 + -60.21107520 + + + 2767 + Demerara-Mahaica + DE + 6.54642600 + -58.09820460 + + + 2766 + East Berbice-Corentyne + EB + 2.74779220 + -57.46272590 + + + 2768 + Essequibo Islands-West Demerara + ES + 6.57201320 + -58.46299970 + + + 2762 + Mahaica-Berbice + MA + 6.23849600 + -57.91625550 + + + 2765 + Pomeroon-Supenaam + PM + 7.12941660 + -58.92062950 + + + 2761 + Potaro-Siparuni + PT + 4.78558530 + -59.28799770 + + + 2763 + Upper Demerara-Berbice + UD + 5.30648790 + -58.18929210 + + + 2769 + Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo + UT + 2.92395950 + -58.73736340 + +
+ + Haiti + HTI + HT + 332 + 509 + Port-au-Prince + HTG + Haitian gourde + G + .ht + Haïti + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Port-au-Prince + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + EST + Eastern Standard Time (North America + + + 아이티 +
Haiti
+ Haiti + Haïti +
Haiti + هائیتی + Haiti + Haiti + Haïti + ハイチ + Haiti + 海地 +
+ 19.00000000 + -72.41666666 + 🇭🇹 + U+1F1ED U+1F1F9 + + 4123 + Artibonite + AR + 19.36290200 + -72.42581450 + + + 4125 + Centre + CE + 32.83702510 + -96.77738820 + + + 4119 + Grand'Anse + GA + 12.01666670 + -61.76666670 + + + 4118 + Nippes + NI + 18.39907350 + -73.41802110 + + + 4117 + Nord + ND + 43.19052600 + -89.43792100 + + + 4121 + Nord-Est + NE + 19.48897230 + -71.85713310 + + + 4126 + Nord-Ouest + NO + 19.83740090 + -73.04052770 + + + 4120 + Ouest + OU + 45.45472490 + -73.65023650 + + + 4122 + Sud + SD + 29.92132480 + -90.09737720 + + + 4124 + Sud-Est + SE + 18.27835980 + -72.35479150 + +
+ + Heard Island and McDonald Islands + HMD + HM + 334 + 672 + AUD + Australian dollar + $ + .hm + Heard Island and McDonald Islands + + Indian/Kerguelen + 18000 + UTC+05:00 + TFT + French Southern and Antarctic Time + + + 허드 맥도날드 제도 +
Ilha Heard e Ilhas McDonald
+ Ilha Heard e Ilhas McDonald + Heard- en McDonaldeilanden +
Otok Heard i otočje McDonald + جزیره هرد و جزایر مک‌دونالد + Heard und die McDonaldinseln + Islas Heard y McDonald + Îles Heard-et-MacDonald + ハード島とマクドナルド諸島 + Isole Heard e McDonald + 赫德·唐纳岛及麦唐纳岛 +
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Honduras
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Hungria
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Islândia
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Índia
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Indonésia
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Irã
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Iraque
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Irska + ایرلند + Irland + Irlanda + Irlande + アイルランド + Irlanda + 爱尔兰 +
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Israel
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Jamaica
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Japão
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Jersey
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Jordânia
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Cazaquistão
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Quênia
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Kiribati
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Kuwait
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Quirguistão
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Laos
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Laos + لائوس + Laos + Laos + Laos + ラオス人民民主共和国 + Laos + 寮人民民主共和国 +
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Letônia
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Líbano
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Libanon + لبنان + Libanon + Líbano + Liban + レバノン + Libano + 黎巴嫩 +
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Lesoto
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Lesoto + لسوتو + Lesotho + Lesotho + Lesotho + レソト + Lesotho + 莱索托 +
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Libéria
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Liberija + لیبریا + Liberia + Liberia + Liberia + リベリア + Liberia + 利比里亚 +
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+ + Libya + LBY + LY + 434 + 218 + Tripolis + LYD + Libyan dinar + د.ل + .ly + ‏ليبيا + Africa + Northern Africa + + Africa/Tripoli + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 리비아 +
Líbia
+ Líbia + Libië +
Libija + لیبی + Libyen + Libia + Libye + リビア + Libia + 利比亚 +
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+ + Liechtenstein + LIE + LI + 438 + 423 + Vaduz + CHF + Swiss franc + CHf + .li + Liechtenstein + Europe + Western Europe + + Europe/Vaduz + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 리히텐슈타인 +
Liechtenstein
+ Listenstaine + Liechtenstein +
Lihtenštajn + لیختن‌اشتاین + Liechtenstein + Liechtenstein + Liechtenstein + リヒテンシュタイン + Liechtenstein + 列支敦士登 +
+ 47.26666666 + 9.53333333 + 🇱🇮 + U+1F1F1 U+1F1EE + + 458 + Balzers + 01 + 42.05283570 + -88.03668480 + + + 451 + Eschen + 02 + 40.76695740 + -73.95228210 + + + 457 + Gamprin + 03 + 47.21324900 + 9.50251950 + + + 455 + Mauren + 04 + 47.21892850 + 9.54173500 + + + 454 + Planken + 05 + 40.66505760 + -73.50479800 + + + 453 + Ruggell + 06 + 47.25292220 + 9.54021270 + + + 450 + Schaan + 07 + 47.12043400 + 9.59416020 + + + 449 + Schellenberg + 08 + 47.23096600 + 9.54678430 + + + 459 + Triesen + 09 + 47.10979880 + 9.52482960 + + + 456 + Triesenberg + 10 + 47.12245110 + 9.57019850 + + + 452 + Vaduz + 11 + 47.14103030 + 9.52092770 + +
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Lituânia
+ Lituânia + Litouwen +
Litva + لیتوانی + Litauen + Lituania + Lituanie + リトアニア + Lituania + 立陶宛 +
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24.42779290 + + + 1591 + Kalvarija municipality + 14 + 54.37616740 + 23.19203210 + + + 1580 + Kaunas City Municipality + 15 + 54.91453260 + 23.90535180 + + + 1556 + Kaunas County + KU + 54.98728630 + 23.95257360 + + + 1565 + Kaunas District Municipality + 16 + 54.99362360 + 23.63249410 + + + 1575 + Kazlų Rūda municipality + 17 + 54.78075260 + 23.48402430 + + + 1584 + Kėdainiai District Municipality + 18 + 55.35609470 + 23.98326830 + + + 1618 + Kelmė District Municipality + 19 + 55.62663520 + 22.87817200 + + + 1597 + Klaipeda City Municipality + 20 + 55.70329480 + 21.14427950 + + + 1600 + Klaipėda County + KL + 55.65197440 + 21.37439560 + + + 1604 + Klaipėda District Municipality + 21 + 55.68416150 + 21.44164640 + + + 1571 + Kretinga District Municipality + 22 + 55.88384200 + 21.23509190 + + + 1585 + Kupiškis District Municipality + 23 + 55.84287410 + 25.02958160 + + + 1611 + Lazdijai District Municipality + 24 + 54.23432670 + 23.51565050 + + + 1570 + Marijampolė County + MR + 54.78199710 + 23.13413650 + + + 1610 + Marijampolė Municipality + 25 + 54.57110940 + 23.48593710 + + + 1557 + Mažeikiai District Municipality + 26 + 56.30924390 + 22.34146800 + + + 1582 + Molėtai District Municipality + 27 + 55.22653090 + 25.41800110 + + + 1563 + Neringa Municipality + 28 + 55.45724030 + 21.08390050 + + + 1612 + Pagėgiai municipality + 29 + 55.17213200 + 21.96836140 + + + 1595 + Pakruojis District Municipality + 30 + 56.07326050 + 23.93899060 + + + 1588 + Palanga City Municipality + 31 + 55.92019800 + 21.06776140 + + + 1589 + Panevėžys City Municipality + 32 + 55.73479150 + 24.35747740 + + + 1558 + Panevėžys County + PN + 55.97480490 + 25.07947670 + + + 1614 + Panevėžys District Municipality + 33 + 55.61667280 + 24.31422830 + + + 1616 + Pasvalys District Municipality + 34 + 56.06046190 + 24.39629100 + + + 1553 + Plungė District Municipality + 35 + 55.91078400 + 21.84540690 + + + 1578 + Prienai District Municipality + 36 + 54.63835800 + 23.94680090 + + + 1568 + Radviliškis District Municipality + 37 + 55.81083990 + 23.54648700 + + + 1587 + Raseiniai District Municipality + 38 + 55.38194990 + 23.11561290 + + + 1590 + Rietavas municipality + 39 + 55.70217190 + 21.99865640 + + + 1615 + Rokiškis District Municipality + 40 + 55.95550390 + 25.58592490 + + + 1576 + Šakiai District Municipality + 41 + 54.95267100 + 23.04801990 + + + 1577 + Šalčininkai District Municipality + 42 + 54.30976700 + 25.38756400 + + + 1609 + Šiauliai City Municipality + 43 + 55.93490850 + 23.31368230 + + + 1586 + Šiauliai County + SA + 55.99857510 + 23.13800510 + + + 1554 + Šiauliai District Municipality + 44 + 55.97214560 + 23.03323710 + + + 1613 + Šilalė District Municipality + 45 + 55.49268000 + 22.18455590 + + + 1607 + Šilutė District Municipality + 46 + 55.35041400 + 21.46598590 + + + 1594 + Širvintos District Municipality + 47 + 55.04310200 + 24.95698100 + + + 1617 + Skuodas District Municipality + 48 + 56.27021690 + 21.52143310 + + + 1560 + Švenčionys District Municipality + 49 + 55.10280980 + 26.00718550 + + + 1573 + Tauragė County + TA + 55.30725860 + 22.35729390 + + + 1572 + Tauragė District Municipality + 50 + 55.25036600 + 22.29095000 + + + 1569 + Telšiai County + TE + 56.10266160 + 22.11139150 + + + 1608 + Telšiai District Municipality + 51 + 55.91752150 + 22.34518400 + + + 1593 + Trakai District Municipality + 52 + 54.63791130 + 24.93468940 + + + 1596 + Ukmergė District Municipality + 53 + 55.24526500 + 24.77607490 + + + 1621 + Utena County + UT + 55.53189690 + 25.79046990 + + + 1598 + Utena District Municipality + 54 + 55.50846140 + 25.68326420 + + + 1602 + Varėna District Municipality + 55 + 54.22033300 + 24.57899700 + + + 1620 + Vilkaviškis District Municipality + 56 + 54.65194500 + 23.03515500 + + + 1606 + Vilnius City Municipality + 57 + 54.67107610 + 25.28787210 + + + 1601 + Vilnius County + VL + 54.80865020 + 25.21821390 + + + 1592 + Vilnius District Municipality + 58 + 54.77325780 + 25.58671130 + + + 1564 + Visaginas Municipality + 59 + 55.59411800 + 26.43079540 + + + 1619 + Zarasai District Municipality + 60 + 55.73096090 + 26.24529500 + +
+ + Luxembourg + LUX + LU + 442 + 352 + Luxembourg + EUR + Euro + + .lu + Luxembourg + Europe + Western Europe + + Europe/Luxembourg + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 룩셈부르크 +
Luxemburgo
+ Luxemburgo + Luxemburg +
Luksemburg + لوکزامبورگ + Luxemburg + Luxemburgo + Luxembourg + ルクセンブルク + Lussemburgo + 卢森堡 +
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+ + Macau S.A.R. + MAC + MO + 446 + 853 + Macao + MOP + Macanese pataca + $ + .mo + 澳門 + Asia + Eastern Asia + + Asia/Macau + 28800 + UTC+08:00 + CST + China Standard Time + + + 마카오 +
Macau
+ Macau + Macao +
Makao + مکائو + Macao + Macao + Macao + マカオ + Macao + 中国澳门 +
+ 22.16666666 + 113.55000000 + 🇲🇴 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F4 + +
+ + Macedonia + MKD + MK + 807 + 389 + Skopje + MKD + Denar + ден + .mk + Северна Македонија + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Skopje + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 마케도니아 +
Macedônia
+ Macedónia + Macedonië +
Makedonija + Mazedonien + Macedonia + Macédoine + マケドニア旧ユーゴスラビア共和国 + Macedonia + 马其顿 +
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Čučer-Sandevo Municipality + 82 + 42.14839460 + 21.40374070 + + + 645 + Debarca Municipality + 22 + 41.35840770 + 20.85529190 + + + 695 + Delčevo Municipality + 23 + 41.96843870 + 22.76288300 + + + 687 + Demir Hisar Municipality + 25 + 41.22708300 + 21.14142260 + + + 655 + Demir Kapija Municipality + 24 + 41.37955380 + 22.21455710 + + + 697 + Dojran Municipality + 26 + 41.24366720 + 22.69137640 + + + 675 + Dolneni Municipality + 27 + 41.46409350 + 21.40374070 + + + 657 + Drugovo Municipality + 28 + 41.44081530 + 20.92682010 + + + 707 + Gazi Baba Municipality + 17 + 42.01629610 + 21.49913340 + + + 648 + Gevgelija Municipality + 18 + 41.21186060 + 22.38146240 + + + 722 + Gjorče Petrov Municipality + 29 + 42.06063740 + 21.32027360 + + + 693 + Gostivar Municipality + 19 + 41.80255410 + 20.90893780 + + + 708 + Gradsko Municipality + 20 + 41.59916080 + 21.88070640 + + + 684 + Greater Skopje + 85 + 41.99812940 + 21.42543550 + + + 690 + Ilinden Municipality + 34 + 41.99574430 + 21.56769750 + + 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Makedonska Kamenica Municipality + 51 + 42.06946040 + 22.54834900 + + + 692 + Makedonski Brod Municipality + 52 + 41.51330880 + 21.21743290 + + + 669 + Mavrovo and Rostuša Municipality + 50 + 41.60924270 + 20.60124880 + + + 653 + Mogila Municipality + 53 + 41.14796450 + 21.45143690 + + + 664 + Negotino Municipality + 54 + 41.49899850 + 22.09532970 + + + 696 + Novaci Municipality + 55 + 41.04426610 + 21.45888940 + + + 718 + Novo Selo Municipality + 56 + 41.43255800 + 22.88204890 + + + 699 + Ohrid Municipality + 58 + 41.06820880 + 20.75992660 + + + 682 + Oslomej Municipality + 57 + 41.57583910 + 21.02219600 + + + 685 + Pehčevo Municipality + 60 + 41.77371320 + 22.88204890 + + + 698 + Petrovec Municipality + 59 + 41.90298970 + 21.68992100 + + + 670 + Plasnica Municipality + 61 + 41.45463490 + 21.10565390 + + + 666 + Prilep Municipality + 62 + 41.26931420 + 21.71376940 + + + 646 + Probištip Municipality + 63 + 41.95891460 + 22.16686700 + + + 709 + Radoviš Municipality + 64 + 41.64955310 + 22.47682870 + + + 717 + Rankovce Municipality + 65 + 42.18081410 + 22.09532970 + + + 712 + Resen Municipality + 66 + 40.93680930 + 21.04604070 + + + 691 + Rosoman Municipality + 67 + 41.48480060 + 21.88070640 + + + 667 + Saraj Municipality + 68 + 41.98694960 + 21.26065540 + + + 719 + Sopište Municipality + 70 + 41.86384920 + 21.30834990 + + + 643 + Staro Nagoričane Municipality + 71 + 42.21916920 + 21.90455410 + + + 661 + Štip Municipality + 83 + 41.70792970 + 22.19071220 + + + 700 + Struga Municipality + 72 + 41.31737440 + 20.66456830 + + + 710 + Strumica Municipality + 73 + 41.43780040 + 22.64274280 + + + 711 + Studeničani Municipality + 74 + 41.92256390 + 21.53639650 + + + 680 + Šuto Orizari Municipality + 84 + 42.02904160 + 21.40970270 + + + 640 + Sveti Nikole Municipality + 69 + 41.89803120 + 21.99994350 + + + 654 + Tearce Municipality + 75 + 42.07775110 + 21.05349230 + + + 663 + Tetovo Municipality + 76 + 42.02748600 + 20.95066360 + + + 671 + Valandovo Municipality + 10 + 41.32119090 + 22.50066930 + + + 658 + Vasilevo Municipality + 11 + 41.47416990 + 22.64221280 + + + 651 + Veles Municipality + 13 + 41.72744260 + 21.71376940 + + + 662 + Vevčani Municipality + 12 + 41.24075430 + 20.59156490 + + + 672 + Vinica Municipality + 14 + 41.85710200 + 22.57218810 + + + 650 + Vraneštica Municipality + 15 + 41.48290870 + 21.05796320 + + + 689 + Vrapčište Municipality + 16 + 41.87911600 + 20.83145000 + + + 642 + Zajas Municipality + 31 + 41.60303280 + 20.87913430 + + + 706 + Zelenikovo Municipality + 32 + 41.87338120 + 21.60272500 + + + 668 + Želino Municipality + 30 + 41.90065310 + 21.11757670 + + + 673 + Zrnovci Municipality + 33 + 41.82282210 + 22.41722560 + +
+ + Madagascar + MDG + MG + 450 + 261 + Antananarivo + MGA + Malagasy ariary + Ar + .mg + Madagasikara + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Antananarivo + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + EAT + East Africa Time + + + 마다가스카르 +
Madagascar
+ Madagáscar + Madagaskar +
Madagaskar + ماداگاسکار + Madagaskar + Madagascar + Madagascar + マダガスカル + Madagascar + 马达加斯加 +
+ -20.00000000 + 47.00000000 + 🇲🇬 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1EC + + 2951 + Antananarivo Province + T + -18.70514740 + 46.82528380 + + + 2950 + Antsiranana Province + D + -13.77153900 + 49.52799960 + + + 2948 + Fianarantsoa Province + F + -22.35362400 + 46.82528380 + + + 2953 + Mahajanga Province + M + -16.52388300 + 46.51626200 + + + 2952 + Toamasina Province + A + -18.14428110 + 49.39578360 + + + 2949 + Toliara Province + U + -23.35161910 + 43.68549360 + +
+ + Malawi + MWI + MW + 454 + 265 + Lilongwe + MWK + Malawian kwacha + MK + .mw + Malawi + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Africa/Blantyre + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + CAT + Central Africa Time + + + 말라위 +
Malawi
+ Malávi + Malawi +
Malavi + مالاوی + Malawi + Malawi + Malawi + マラウイ + Malawi + 马拉维 +
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Malásia
+ Malásia + Maleisië +
Malezija + مالزی + Malaysia + Malasia + Malaisie + マレーシア + Malesia + 马来西亚 +
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+ + Maldives + MDV + MV + 462 + 960 + Male + MVR + Maldivian rufiyaa + Rf + .mv + Maldives + Asia + Southern Asia + + Indian/Maldives + 18000 + UTC+05:00 + MVT + Maldives Time + + + 몰디브 +
Maldivas
+ Maldivas + Maldiven +
Maldivi + مالدیو + Malediven + Maldivas + Maldives + モルディブ + Maldive + 马尔代夫 +
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Mali
+ Mali + Mali +
Mali + مالی + Mali + Mali + Mali + マリ + Mali + 马里 +
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+ + Malta + MLT + MT + 470 + 356 + Valletta + EUR + Euro + + .mt + Malta + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Malta + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 몰타 +
Malta
+ Malta + Malta +
Malta + مالت + Malta + Malta + Malte + マルタ + Malta + 马耳他 +
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+ + Man (Isle of) + IMN + IM + 833 + +44-1624 + Douglas, Isle of Man + GBP + British pound + £ + .im + Isle of Man + Europe + Northern Europe + + Europe/Isle_of_Man + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 맨 섬 +
Ilha de Man
+ Ilha de Man + Isle of Man +
Otok Man + جزیره من + Insel Man + Isla de Man + Île de Man + マン島 + Isola di Man + 马恩岛 +
+ 54.25000000 + -4.50000000 + 🇮🇲 + U+1F1EE U+1F1F2 + +
+ + Marshall Islands + MHL + MH + 584 + 692 + Majuro + USD + United States dollar + $ + .mh + M̧ajeļ + Oceania + Micronesia + + Pacific/Kwajalein + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + MHT + Marshall Islands Time + + + Pacific/Majuro + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + MHT + Marshall Islands Time + + + 마셜 제도 +
Ilhas Marshall
+ Ilhas Marshall + Marshalleilanden +
Maršalovi Otoci + جزایر مارشال + Marshallinseln + Islas Marshall + Îles Marshall + マーシャル諸島 + Isole Marshall + 马绍尔群岛 +
+ 9.00000000 + 168.00000000 + 🇲🇭 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1ED + + 2574 + Ralik Chain + L + 8.13614600 + 164.88679560 + + + 2573 + Ratak Chain + T + 10.27632760 + 170.55009370 + +
+ + Martinique + MTQ + MQ + 474 + 596 + Fort-de-France + EUR + Euro + + .mq + Martinique + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Martinique + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 마르티니크 +
Martinica
+ Martinica + Martinique +
Martinique + مونتسرات + Martinique + Martinica + Martinique + マルティニーク + Martinica + 马提尼克岛 +
+ 14.66666700 + -61.00000000 + 🇲🇶 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F6 + +
+ + Mauritania + MRT + MR + 478 + 222 + Nouakchott + MRO + Mauritanian ouguiya + MRU + .mr + موريتانيا + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Nouakchott + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 모리타니 +
Mauritânia
+ Mauritânia + Mauritanië +
Mauritanija + موریتانی + Mauretanien + Mauritania + Mauritanie + モーリタニア + Mauritania + 毛里塔尼亚 +
+ 20.00000000 + -12.00000000 + 🇲🇷 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F7 + + 3344 + Adrar Region + 07 + 19.86521760 + -12.80547530 + + + 3349 + Assaba Region + 03 + 16.77595580 + -11.52480550 + + + 3339 + Brakna Region + 05 + 17.23175610 + -13.17403480 + + + 3346 + Dakhlet Nouadhibou + 08 + 20.59855880 + -16.25221430 + + + 3341 + Gorgol Region + 04 + 15.97173570 + -12.62162110 + + + 3350 + Guidimaka Region + 10 + 15.25573310 + -12.25479190 + + + 3338 + Hodh Ech Chargui Region + 01 + 18.67370260 + -7.09287700 + + + 3351 + Hodh El Gharbi Region + 02 + 16.69121490 + -9.54509740 + + + 3342 + Inchiri Region + 12 + 20.02805610 + -15.40680790 + + + 3343 + Nouakchott-Nord Region + 14 + 18.11302050 + -15.89949560 + + + 3352 + Nouakchott-Ouest Region + 13 + 18.15113570 + -15.99349100 + + + 3347 + Nouakchott-Sud Region + 15 + 17.97092880 + -15.94648740 + + + 3345 + Tagant Region + 09 + 18.54675270 + -9.90181310 + + + 3340 + Tiris Zemmour Region + 11 + 24.57737640 + -9.90181310 + + + 3348 + Trarza Region + 06 + 17.86649640 + -14.65878210 + +
+ + Mauritius + MUS + MU + 480 + 230 + Port Louis + MUR + Mauritian rupee + + .mu + Maurice + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Mauritius + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + MUT + Mauritius Time + + + 모리셔스 +
Maurício
+ Maurícia + Mauritius +
Mauricijus + موریس + Mauritius + Mauricio + Île Maurice + モーリシャス + Mauritius + 毛里求斯 +
+ -20.28333333 + 57.55000000 + 🇲🇺 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1FA + + 3248 + Agaléga + AG + -10.40000000 + 56.61666670 + + + 3262 + Beau Bassin-Rose Hill + BR + -20.22303050 + 57.46838300 + + + 3251 + Cargados Carajos + CC + -16.58333300 + 59.61666700 + + + 3255 + Curepipe + CU + -20.31708720 + 57.52652890 + + + 3254 + Flacq District + FL + -20.22578360 + 57.71192740 + + + 3264 + Grand Port District + GP + -20.38515460 + 57.66657420 + + + 3253 + Moka District + MO + -20.23997820 + 57.57592600 + + + 3250 + Pamplemousses District + PA + -20.11360080 + 57.57592600 + + + 3263 + Plaines Wilhems District + PW + -20.30548720 + 57.48535610 + + + 3256 + Port Louis + PU + -20.16089120 + 57.50122220 + + + 3260 + Port Louis District + PL + -20.16089120 + 57.50122220 + + + 3258 + Quatre Bornes + QB + -20.26747180 + 57.47969810 + + + 3261 + Rivière du Rempart District + RR + -20.05609830 + 57.65523890 + + + 3259 + Rivière Noire District + BL + -20.37084920 + 57.39486490 + + + 3249 + Rodrigues + RO + -19.72453850 + 63.42721850 + + + 3257 + Savanne District + SA + -20.47395300 + 57.48535610 + + + 3252 + Vacoas-Phoenix + VP + -20.29840260 + 57.49383550 + +
+ + Mayotte + MYT + YT + 175 + 262 + Mamoudzou + EUR + Euro + + .yt + Mayotte + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Mayotte + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + EAT + East Africa Time + + + 마요트 +
Mayotte
+ Mayotte + Mayotte +
Mayotte + مایوت + Mayotte + Mayotte + Mayotte + マヨット + Mayotte + 马约特 +
+ -12.83333333 + 45.16666666 + 🇾🇹 + U+1F1FE U+1F1F9 + +
+ + Mexico + MEX + MX + 484 + 52 + Ciudad de México + MXN + Mexican peso + $ + .mx + México + Americas + Central America + + America/Bahia_Banderas + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + America/Cancun + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + EST + Eastern Standard Time (North America + + + America/Chihuahua + -25200 + UTC-07:00 + MST + Mountain Standard Time (North America + + + America/Hermosillo + -25200 + UTC-07:00 + MST + Mountain Standard Time (North America + + + America/Matamoros + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + America/Mazatlan + -25200 + UTC-07:00 + MST + Mountain Standard Time (North America + + + America/Merida + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + America/Mexico_City + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + America/Monterrey + -21600 + UTC-06:00 + CST + Central Standard Time (North America + + + America/Ojinaga + -25200 + UTC-07:00 + MST + Mountain Standard Time (North America + + + America/Tijuana + -28800 + UTC-08:00 + PST + Pacific Standard Time (North America + + + 멕시코 +
México
+ México + Mexico +
Meksiko + مکزیک + Mexiko + México + Mexique + メキシコ + Messico + 墨西哥 +
+ 23.00000000 + -102.00000000 + 🇲🇽 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1FD + + 3456 + Aguascalientes + AGU + 21.88525620 + -102.29156770 + + + 3457 + Baja California + BCN + 30.84063380 + -115.28375850 + + + 3460 + Baja California Sur + BCS + 26.04444460 + -111.66607250 + + + 3475 + Campeche + CAM + 19.83012510 + -90.53490870 + + + 3451 + Chiapas + CHP + 16.75693180 + -93.12923530 + + + 3447 + Chihuahua + CHH + 28.63299570 + -106.06910040 + + + 3473 + Ciudad de México + CDMX + 19.43260770 + -99.13320800 + + + 3471 + Coahuila de Zaragoza + COA + 27.05867600 + -101.70682940 + + + 3472 + Colima + COL + 19.24523420 + -103.72408680 + + + 3453 + Durango + DUR + 37.27528000 + -107.88006670 + + + 3450 + Estado de México + MEX + 23.63450100 + -102.55278400 + + + 3469 + Guanajuato + GUA + 21.01901450 + -101.25735860 + + + 3459 + Guerrero + GRO + 17.43919260 + -99.54509740 + + + 3470 + Hidalgo + HID + 26.10035470 + -98.26306840 + + + 4857 + Jalisco + JAL + 20.65953820 + -103.34943760 + + + 3474 + Michoacán de Ocampo + MIC + 19.56651920 + -101.70682940 + + + 3465 + Morelos + MOR + 18.68130490 + -99.10134980 + + + 3477 + Nayarit + NAY + 21.75138440 + -104.84546190 + + + 3452 + Nuevo León + NLE + 25.59217200 + -99.99619470 + + + 3448 + Oaxaca + OAX + 17.07318420 + -96.72658890 + + + 3476 + Puebla + PUE + 19.04143980 + -98.20627270 + + + 3455 + Querétaro + QUE + 20.58879320 + -100.38988810 + + + 3467 + Quintana Roo + ROO + 19.18173930 + -88.47913760 + + + 3461 + San Luis Potosí + SLP + 22.15646990 + -100.98554090 + + + 3449 + Sinaloa + SIN + 25.17210910 + -107.47951730 + + + 3468 + Sonora + SON + 37.98294960 + -120.38217240 + + + 3454 + Tabasco + TAB + 17.84091730 + -92.61892730 + + + 3463 + Tamaulipas + TAM + 24.26694000 + -98.83627550 + + + 3458 + Tlaxcala + TLA + 19.31815400 + -98.23749540 + + + 3464 + Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave + VER + 19.17377300 + -96.13422410 + + + 3466 + Yucatán + YUC + 20.70987860 + -89.09433770 + + + 3462 + Zacatecas + ZAC + 22.77085550 + -102.58324260 + +
+ + Micronesia + FSM + FM + 583 + 691 + Palikir + USD + United States dollar + $ + .fm + Micronesia + Oceania + Micronesia + + Pacific/Chuuk + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + CHUT + Chuuk Time + + + Pacific/Kosrae + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + KOST + Kosrae Time + + + Pacific/Pohnpei + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + PONT + Pohnpei Standard Time + + + 미크로네시아 연방 +
Micronésia
+ Micronésia + Micronesië +
Mikronezija + ایالات فدرال میکرونزی + Mikronesien + Micronesia + Micronésie + ミクロネシア連邦 + Micronesia + 密克罗尼西亚 +
+ 6.91666666 + 158.25000000 + 🇫🇲 + U+1F1EB U+1F1F2 + + 2580 + Chuuk State + TRK + 7.13867590 + 151.55930650 + + + 2583 + Kosrae State + KSA + 5.30956180 + 162.98148770 + + + 2581 + Pohnpei State + PNI + 6.85412540 + 158.26238220 + + + 2582 + Yap State + YAP + 8.67164900 + 142.84393350 + +
+ + Moldova + MDA + MD + 498 + 373 + Chisinau + MDL + Moldovan leu + L + .md + Moldova + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Chisinau + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 몰도바 +
Moldávia
+ Moldávia + Moldavië +
Moldova + مولداوی + Moldawie + Moldavia + Moldavie + モルドバ共和国 + Moldavia + 摩尔多瓦 +
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Mônaco
+ Mónaco + Monaco +
Monako + موناکو + Monaco + Mónaco + Monaco + モナコ + Principato di Monaco + 摩纳哥 +
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Mongólia
+ Mongólia + Mongolië +
Mongolija + مغولستان + Mongolei + Mongolia + Mongolie + モンゴル + Mongolia + 蒙古 +
+ 46.00000000 + 105.00000000 + 🇲🇳 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F3 + + 1973 + Arkhangai Province + 073 + 47.89711010 + 100.72401650 + + + 1969 + Bayan-Ölgii Province + 071 + 48.39832540 + 89.66259150 + + + 1976 + Bayankhongor Province + 069 + 45.15267070 + 100.10736670 + + + 1961 + Bulgan Province + 067 + 48.96909130 + 102.88317230 + + + 1962 + Darkhan-Uul Province + 037 + 49.46484340 + 105.97459190 + + + 1963 + Dornod Province + 061 + 47.46581540 + 115.39271200 + + + 1981 + Dornogovi Province + 063 + 43.96538890 + 109.17734590 + + + 1970 + Dundgovi Province + 059 + 45.58227860 + 106.76442090 + + + 1972 + Govi-Altai Province + 065 + 45.45112270 + 95.85057660 + + + 1978 + Govisümber Province + 064 + 46.47627540 + 108.55706270 + + + 1974 + Khentii Province + 039 + 47.60812090 + 109.93728560 + + + 1964 + Khovd Province + 043 + 47.11296540 + 92.31107520 + + + 1975 + Khövsgöl Province + 041 + 50.22044840 + 100.32137680 + + + 1967 + Ömnögovi Province + 053 + 43.50002400 + 104.28611160 + + + 1966 + Orkhon Province + 035 + 49.00470500 + 104.30165270 + + + 1965 + Övörkhangai Province + 055 + 45.76243920 + 103.09170320 + + + 1980 + Selenge Province + 049 + 50.00592730 + 106.44341080 + + + 1977 + Sükhbaatar Province + 051 + 46.56531630 + 113.53808360 + + + 1968 + Töv Province + 047 + 47.21240560 + 106.41541000 + + + 1971 + Uvs Province + 046 + 49.64497070 + 93.27365760 + + + 1979 + Zavkhan Province + 057 + 48.23881470 + 96.07030190 + +
+ + Montenegro + MNE + ME + 499 + 382 + Podgorica + EUR + Euro + + .me + Црна Гора + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Podgorica + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 몬테네그로 +
Montenegro
+ Montenegro + Montenegro +
Crna Gora + مونته‌نگرو + Montenegro + Montenegro + Monténégro + モンテネグロ + Montenegro + 黑山 +
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+ + Montserrat + MSR + MS + 500 + +1-664 + Plymouth + XCD + Eastern Caribbean dollar + $ + .ms + Montserrat + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Montserrat + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 몬트세랫 +
Montserrat
+ Monserrate + Montserrat +
Montserrat + مایوت + Montserrat + Montserrat + Montserrat + モントセラト + Montserrat + 蒙特塞拉特 +
+ 16.75000000 + -62.20000000 + 🇲🇸 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F8 + +
+ + Morocco + MAR + MA + 504 + 212 + Rabat + MAD + Moroccan dirham + DH + .ma + المغرب + Africa + Northern Africa + + Africa/Casablanca + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WEST + Western European Summer Time + + + 모로코 +
Marrocos
+ Marrocos + Marokko +
Maroko + مراکش + Marokko + Marruecos + Maroc + モロッコ + Marocco + 摩洛哥 +
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-5.14320680 + + + 3274 + Chichaoua + CHI + 31.53835810 + -8.76463880 + + + 3302 + Chtouka-Ait Baha + CHT + 30.10724220 + -9.27855830 + + + 3306 + Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab (EH) + 12 + 22.73378920 + -14.28611160 + + + 3290 + Drâa-Tafilalet + 08 + 31.14995380 + -5.39395510 + + + 4931 + Driouch + DRI + 34.97603200 + -3.39644930 + + + 3291 + El Hajeb + HAJ + 33.68573500 + -5.36778440 + + + 3280 + El Jadida + JDI + 33.23163260 + -8.50071160 + + + 3309 + El Kelâa des Sraghna + KES + 32.05227670 + -7.35165580 + + + 3299 + Errachidia + ERR + 31.90512750 + -4.72775280 + + + 3292 + Es-Semara (EH-partial) + ESM + 26.74185600 + -11.67836710 + + + 3316 + Essaouira + ESI + 31.50849260 + -9.75950410 + + + 3300 + Fahs-Anjra + FAH + 35.76019920 + -5.66683060 + + + 4932 + Fès + FES + 34.02395790 + -5.03675990 + + + 3313 + Fès-Meknès + 03 + 34.06252900 + -4.72775280 + + + 3301 + Figuig + FIG + 32.10926130 + -1.22980600 + + + 4933 + Fquih Ben Salah + FQH + 32.50016800 + -6.71007170 + + + 3265 + Guelmim + GUE + 28.98836590 + -10.05274980 + + + 3305 + Guelmim-Oued Noun (EH-partial) + 10 + 28.48442810 + -10.08072980 + + + 4934 + Guercif + GUF + 34.23450360 + -3.38130050 + + + 3325 + Ifrane + IFR + 33.52280620 + -5.11095520 + + + 3294 + Inezgane-Ait Melloul + INE + 30.35090980 + -9.38951100 + + + 3307 + Jerada + JRA + 34.30617910 + -2.17941360 + + + 3308 + Kénitra + KEN + 34.25405030 + -6.58901660 + + + 3276 + Khémisset + KHE + 33.81537040 + -6.05733020 + + + 3317 + Khénifra + KHN + 32.93404710 + -5.66157100 + + + 3326 + Khouribga + KHO + 32.88602300 + -6.92086550 + + + 3271 + L'Oriental + 02 + 37.06968300 + -94.51227700 + + + 3293 + Laâyoune (EH) + LAA + 27.15003840 + -13.19907580 + + + 3298 + Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra (EH-partial) + 11 + 27.86831940 + -11.98046130 + + + 3268 + Larache + LAR + 35.17442710 + -6.14739640 + + + 4936 + M’diq-Fnideq + MDF + 35.77330190 + -5.51433000 + + + 4935 + Marrakech + MAR + 31.63460230 + -8.07789320 + + + 3288 + Marrakesh-Safi + 07 + 31.73308330 + -8.13385580 + 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31.48507940 + -6.20192980 + + + 3277 + Tiznit + TIZ + 29.69339200 + -9.73215700 + + + 4951 + Youssoufia + YUS + 32.02006790 + -8.86926480 + + + 3283 + Zagora + ZAG + 30.57860930 + -5.89871390 + +
+ + Mozambique + MOZ + MZ + 508 + 258 + Maputo + MZN + Mozambican metical + MT + .mz + Moçambique + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Africa/Maputo + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + CAT + Central Africa Time + + + 모잠비크 +
Moçambique
+ Moçambique + Mozambique +
Mozambik + موزامبیک + Mosambik + Mozambique + Mozambique + モザンビーク + Mozambico + 莫桑比克 +
+ -18.25000000 + 35.00000000 + 🇲🇿 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1FF + + 3327 + Cabo Delgado Province + P + -12.33354740 + 39.32062410 + + + 3329 + Gaza Province + G + -23.02219280 + 32.71813750 + + + 3330 + Inhambane Province + I + -22.85279970 + 34.55087580 + + + 3337 + Manica Province + B + -19.50597870 + 33.43835300 + + + 3335 + Maputo + MPM + -25.96924800 + 32.57317460 + + + 3332 + Maputo Province + L + -25.25698760 + 32.53727410 + + + 3336 + Nampula Province + N + -14.76049310 + 39.32062410 + + + 3333 + Niassa Province + A + -12.78262020 + 36.60939260 + + + 3331 + Sofala Province + S + -19.20390730 + 34.86241660 + + + 3334 + Tete Province + T + -15.65960560 + 32.71813750 + + + 3328 + Zambezia Province + Q + -16.56389870 + 36.60939260 + +
+ + Myanmar + MMR + MM + 104 + 95 + Nay Pyi Taw + MMK + Burmese kyat + K + .mm + မြန်မာ + Asia + South-Eastern Asia + + Asia/Yangon + 23400 + UTC+06:30 + MMT + Myanmar Standard Time + + + 미얀마 +
Myanmar
+ Myanmar + Myanmar +
Mijanmar + میانمار + Myanmar + Myanmar + Myanmar + ミャンマー + Birmania + 缅甸 +
+ 22.00000000 + 98.00000000 + 🇲🇲 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F2 + + 2142 + Ayeyarwady Region + 07 + 17.03421250 + 95.22666750 + + + 2141 + Bago + 02 + 17.32207110 + 96.46632860 + + + 2137 + Chin State + 14 + 22.00869780 + 93.58126920 + + + 2143 + Kachin State + 11 + 25.85090400 + 97.43813550 + + + 2144 + Kayah State + 12 + 19.23420610 + 97.26528580 + + + 2133 + Kayin State + 13 + 16.94593460 + 97.95928630 + + + 2136 + Magway Region + 03 + 19.88713860 + 94.72775280 + + + 2134 + Mandalay Region + 04 + 21.56190580 + 95.89871390 + + + 2147 + Mon State + 15 + 16.30031330 + 97.69822720 + + + 2146 + Naypyidaw Union Territory + 18 + 19.93862450 + 96.15269850 + + + 2138 + Rakhine State + 16 + 20.10408180 + 93.58126920 + + + 2145 + Sagaing Region + 01 + 24.42838100 + 95.39395510 + + + 2139 + Shan State + 17 + 22.03619850 + 98.13385580 + + + 2140 + Tanintharyi Region + 05 + 12.47068760 + 99.01289260 + + + 2135 + Yangon Region + 06 + 16.91434880 + 96.15269850 + +
+ + Namibia + NAM + NA + 516 + 264 + Windhoek + NAD + Namibian dollar + $ + .na + Namibia + Africa + Southern Africa + + Africa/Windhoek + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + WAST + West Africa Summer Time + + + 나미비아 +
Namíbia
+ Namíbia + Namibië +
Namibija + نامیبیا + Namibia + Namibia + Namibie + ナミビア + Namibia + 纳米比亚 +
+ -22.00000000 + 17.00000000 + 🇳🇦 + U+1F1F3 U+1F1E6 + + 43 + Erongo Region + ER + -22.25656820 + 15.40680790 + + + 38 + Hardap Region + HA + -24.23101340 + 17.66888700 + + + 45 + Karas Region + KA + -26.84296450 + 17.29028390 + + + 36 + Kavango East Region + KE + -18.27104800 + 18.42760470 + + + 35 + Kavango West Region + KW + -18.27104800 + 18.42760470 + + + 44 + Khomas Region + KH + -22.63778540 + 17.10119310 + + + 34 + Kunene Region + KU + -19.40863170 + 13.91439900 + + + 40 + Ohangwena Region + OW + -17.59792910 + 16.81783770 + + + 41 + Omaheke Region + OH + -21.84666510 + 19.18800470 + + + 39 + Omusati Region + OS + -18.40702940 + 14.84546190 + + + 37 + Oshana Region + ON + -18.43050640 + 15.68817880 + + + 42 + Oshikoto Region + OT + -18.41525750 + 16.91225100 + + + 46 + Otjozondjupa Region + OD + -20.54869160 + 17.66888700 + + + 47 + Zambezi Region + CA + -17.81934190 + 23.95364660 + +
+ + Nauru + NRU + NR + 520 + 674 + Yaren + AUD + Australian dollar + $ + .nr + Nauru + Oceania + Micronesia + + Pacific/Nauru + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + NRT + Nauru Time + + + 나우루 +
Nauru
+ Nauru + Nauru +
Nauru + نائورو + Nauru + Nauru + Nauru + ナウル + Nauru + 瑙鲁 +
+ -0.53333333 + 166.91666666 + 🇳🇷 + U+1F1F3 U+1F1F7 + + 4656 + Aiwo District + 01 + -0.53400120 + 166.91388730 + + + 4658 + Anabar District + 02 + -0.51335170 + 166.94846240 + + + 4667 + Anetan District + 03 + -0.50643430 + 166.94270060 + + + 4663 + Anibare District + 04 + -0.52947580 + 166.95134320 + + + 4660 + Baiti District + 05 + -0.51043100 + 166.92757440 + + + 4665 + Boe District + 06 + 39.07327760 + -94.57104980 + + + 4662 + Buada District + 07 + -0.53287770 + 166.92685410 + + + 4666 + Denigomodu District + 08 + -0.52479640 + 166.91676890 + + + 4654 + Ewa District + 09 + -0.50872410 + 166.93693840 + + + 4661 + Ijuw District + 10 + -0.52027670 + 166.95710460 + + + 4657 + Meneng District + 11 + -0.54672400 + 166.93837900 + + + 4659 + Nibok District + 12 + -0.51962080 + 166.91893010 + + + 4655 + Uaboe District + 13 + -0.52022220 + 166.93117610 + + + 4664 + Yaren District + 14 + -0.54668570 + 166.92109130 + +
+ + Nepal + NPL + NP + 524 + 977 + Kathmandu + NPR + Nepalese rupee + + .np + नपल + Asia + Southern Asia + + Asia/Kathmandu + 20700 + UTC+05:45 + NPT + Nepal Time + + + 네팔 +
Nepal
+ Nepal + Nepal +
Nepal + نپال + Népal + Nepal + Népal + ネパール + Nepal + 尼泊尔 +
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Holanda
+ Países Baixos + Nederland +
Nizozemska + پادشاهی هلند + Niederlande + Países Bajos + Pays-Bas + オランダ + Paesi Bassi + 荷兰 +
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Nova Caledônia
+ Nova Caledónia + Nieuw-Caledonië +
Nova Kaledonija + کالدونیای جدید + Neukaledonien + Nueva Caledonia + Nouvelle-Calédonie + ニューカレドニア + Nuova Caledonia + 新喀里多尼亚 +
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Nova Zelândia
+ Nova Zelândia + Nieuw-Zeeland +
Novi Zeland + نیوزیلند + Neuseeland + Nueva Zelanda + Nouvelle-Zélande + ニュージーランド + Nuova Zelanda + 新西兰 +
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Nicarágua
+ Nicarágua + Nicaragua +
Nikaragva + نیکاراگوئه + Nicaragua + Nicaragua + Nicaragua + ニカラグア + Nicaragua + 尼加拉瓜 +
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Níger
+ Níger + Niger +
Niger + نیجر + Niger + Níger + Niger + ニジェール + Niger + 尼日尔 +
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Nigéria
+ Nigéria + Nigeria +
Nigerija + نیجریه + Nigeria + Nigeria + Nigéria + ナイジェリア + Nigeria + 尼日利亚 +
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+ + Niue + NIU + NU + 570 + 683 + Alofi + NZD + New Zealand dollar + $ + .nu + Niuē + Oceania + Polynesia + + Pacific/Niue + -39600 + UTC-11:00 + NUT + Niue Time + + + 니우에 +
Niue
+ Niue + Niue +
Niue + نیووی + Niue + Niue + Niue + ニウエ + Niue + 纽埃 +
+ -19.03333333 + -169.86666666 + 🇳🇺 + U+1F1F3 U+1F1FA + +
+ + Norfolk Island + NFK + NF + 574 + 672 + Kingston + AUD + Australian dollar + $ + .nf + Norfolk Island + Oceania + Australia and New Zealand + + Pacific/Norfolk + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + NFT + Norfolk Time + + + 노퍽 섬 +
Ilha Norfolk
+ Ilha Norfolk + Norfolkeiland +
Otok Norfolk + جزیره نورفک + Norfolkinsel + Isla de Norfolk + Île de Norfolk + ノーフォーク島 + Isola Norfolk + 诺福克岛 +
+ -29.03333333 + 167.95000000 + 🇳🇫 + U+1F1F3 U+1F1EB + +
+ + North Korea + PRK + KP + 408 + 850 + Pyongyang + KPW + North Korean Won + + .kp + 북한 + Asia + Eastern Asia + + Asia/Pyongyang + 32400 + UTC+09:00 + KST + Korea Standard Time + + + 조선민주주의인민공화국 +
Coreia do Norte
+ Coreia do Norte + Noord-Korea +
Sjeverna Koreja + کره جنوبی + Nordkorea + Corea del Norte + Corée du Nord + 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 + Corea del Nord + 朝鲜 +
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Ilhas Marianas
+ Ilhas Marianas + Noordelijke Marianeneilanden +
Sjevernomarijanski otoci + جزایر ماریانای شمالی + Nördliche Marianen + Islas Marianas del Norte + Îles Mariannes du Nord + 北マリアナ諸島 + Isole Marianne Settentrionali + 北马里亚纳群岛 +
+ 15.20000000 + 145.75000000 + 🇲🇵 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1F5 + +
+ + Norway + NOR + NO + 578 + 47 + Oslo + NOK + Norwegian krone + kr + .no + Norge + Europe + Northern Europe + + Europe/Oslo + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 노르웨이 +
Noruega
+ Noruega + Noorwegen +
Norveška + نروژ + Norwegen + Noruega + Norvège + ノルウェー + Norvegia + 挪威 +
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+ + Oman + OMN + OM + 512 + 968 + Muscat + OMR + Omani rial + .ع.ر + .om + عمان + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Muscat + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + GST + Gulf Standard Time + + + 오만 +
Omã
+ Omã + Oman +
Oman + عمان + Oman + Omán + Oman + オマーン + oman + 阿曼 +
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+ + Pakistan + PAK + PK + 586 + 92 + Islamabad + PKR + Pakistani rupee + + .pk + Pakistan + Asia + Southern Asia + + Asia/Karachi + 18000 + UTC+05:00 + PKT + Pakistan Standard Time + + + 파키스탄 +
Paquistão
+ Paquistão + Pakistan +
Pakistan + پاکستان + Pakistan + Pakistán + Pakistan + パキスタン + Pakistan + 巴基斯坦 +
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+ + Palau + PLW + PW + 585 + 680 + Melekeok + USD + United States dollar + $ + .pw + Palau + Oceania + Micronesia + + Pacific/Palau + 32400 + UTC+09:00 + PWT + Palau Time + + + 팔라우 +
Palau
+ Palau + Palau +
Palau + پالائو + Palau + Palau + Palaos + パラオ + Palau + 帕劳 +
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+ + Palestinian Territory Occupied + PSE + PS + 275 + 970 + East Jerusalem + ILS + Israeli new shekel + + .ps + فلسطين + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Gaza + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + Asia/Hebron + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 팔레스타인 영토 +
Palestina
+ Palestina + Palestijnse gebieden +
Palestina + فلسطین + Palästina + Palestina + Palestine + パレスチナ + Palestina + 巴勒斯坦 +
+ 31.90000000 + 35.20000000 + 🇵🇸 + U+1F1F5 U+1F1F8 + +
+ + Panama + PAN + PA + 591 + 507 + Panama City + PAB + Panamanian balboa + B/. + .pa + Panamá + Americas + Central America + + America/Panama + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + EST + Eastern Standard Time (North America + + + 파나마 +
Panamá
+ Panamá + Panama +
Panama + پاناما + Panama + Panamá + Panama + パナマ + Panama + 巴拿马 +
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+ + Papua new Guinea + PNG + PG + 598 + 675 + Port Moresby + PGK + Papua New Guinean kina + K + .pg + Papua Niugini + Oceania + Melanesia + + Pacific/Bougainville + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + BST + Bougainville Standard Time[6 + + + Pacific/Port_Moresby + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + PGT + Papua New Guinea Time + + + 파푸아뉴기니 +
Papua Nova Guiné
+ Papua Nova Guiné + Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea +
Papua Nova Gvineja + پاپوآ گینه نو + Papua-Neuguinea + Papúa Nueva Guinea + Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée + パプアニューギニア + Papua Nuova Guinea + 巴布亚新几内亚 +
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Paraguai
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Paragvaj + پاراگوئه + Paraguay + Paraguay + Paraguay + パラグアイ + Paraguay + 巴拉圭 +
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Peru
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Peru + پرو + Peru + Perú + Pérou + ペルー + Perù + 秘鲁 +
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Filipinas
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Filipini + جزایر الندفیلیپین + Philippinen + Filipinas + Philippines + フィリピン + Filippine + 菲律宾 +
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Cotabato + SCO + 6.33575650 + 124.77407930 + + + 1284 + Southern Leyte + SLE + 10.33462060 + 125.17087410 + + + 1282 + Sultan Kudarat + SUK + 6.50694010 + 124.41982430 + + + 1288 + Sulu + SLU + 5.97490110 + 121.03351000 + + + 1286 + Surigao del Norte + SUN + 9.51482800 + 125.69699840 + + + 1296 + Surigao del Sur + SUR + 8.54049060 + 126.11447580 + + + 1295 + Tarlac + TAR + 15.47547860 + 120.59634920 + + + 1293 + Tawi-Tawi + TAW + 5.13381100 + 119.95092600 + + + 1305 + Western Visayas + 06 + 11.00498360 + 122.53727410 + + + 1297 + Zambales + ZMB + 15.50817660 + 119.96978080 + + + 1302 + Zamboanga del Norte + ZAN + 8.38862820 + 123.16888830 + + + 1357 + Zamboanga del Sur + ZAS + 7.83830540 + 123.29666570 + + + 1325 + Zamboanga Peninsula + 09 + 8.15407700 + 123.25879300 + + + 1362 + Zamboanga Sibugay + ZSI + 7.52252470 + 122.31075170 + +
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Ilhas Pitcairn
+ Ilhas Picárnia + Pitcairneilanden +
Pitcairnovo otočje + پیتکرن + Pitcairn + Islas Pitcairn + Îles Pitcairn + ピトケアン + Isole Pitcairn + 皮特凯恩群岛 +
+ -25.06666666 + -130.10000000 + 🇵🇳 + U+1F1F5 U+1F1F3 + +
+ + Poland + POL + PL + 616 + 48 + Warsaw + PLN + Polish złoty + + .pl + Polska + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Warsaw + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 폴란드 +
Polônia
+ Polónia + Polen +
Poljska + لهستان + Polen + Polonia + Pologne + ポーランド + Polonia + 波兰 +
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+ + Portugal + PRT + PT + 620 + 351 + Lisbon + EUR + Euro + + .pt + Portugal + Europe + Southern Europe + + Atlantic/Azores + -3600 + UTC-01:00 + AZOT + Azores Standard Time + + + Atlantic/Madeira + 0 + UTC±00 + WET + Western European Time + + + Europe/Lisbon + 0 + UTC±00 + WET + Western European Time + + + 포르투갈 +
Portugal
+ Portugal + Portugal +
Portugal + پرتغال + Portugal + Portugal + Portugal + ポルトガル + Portogallo + 葡萄牙 +
+ 39.50000000 + -8.00000000 + 🇵🇹 + U+1F1F5 U+1F1F9 + + 2233 + Açores + 20 + 37.74124880 + -25.67559440 + + + 2235 + Aveiro + 01 + 40.72090230 + -8.57210160 + + + 2230 + Beja + 02 + 37.96877860 + -7.87216000 + + + 2244 + Braga + 03 + 41.55038800 + -8.42613010 + + + 2229 + Bragança + 04 + 41.80616520 + -6.75674270 + + + 2241 + Castelo Branco + 05 + 39.86313230 + -7.48141630 + + + 2246 + Coimbra + 06 + 40.20579940 + -8.41369000 + + + 2236 + Évora + 07 + 38.57444680 + -7.90765530 + + + 2239 + Faro + 08 + 37.01935480 + -7.93043970 + + + 4859 + Guarda + 09 + 40.53859720 + -7.26757720 + + + 2240 + Leiria + 10 + 39.77095320 + -8.79218360 + + + 2228 + Lisbon + 11 + 38.72232630 + -9.13927140 + + + 2231 + Madeira + 30 + 32.76070740 + -16.95947230 + + + 2232 + Portalegre + 12 + 39.29670860 + -7.42847550 + + + 2243 + Porto + 13 + 41.14766290 + -8.60789730 + + + 2238 + Santarém + 14 + 39.23666870 + -8.68599440 + + + 2242 + Setúbal + 15 + 38.52409330 + -8.89258760 + + + 2245 + Viana do Castelo + 16 + 41.69180460 + -8.83445100 + + + 2234 + Vila Real + 17 + 41.30035270 + -7.74572740 + + + 2237 + Viseu + 18 + 40.65884240 + -7.91475600 + +
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Porto Rico
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Portoriko + پورتو ریکو + Puerto Rico + Puerto Rico + Porto Rico + プエルトリコ + Porto Rico + 波多黎各 +
+ 18.25000000 + -66.50000000 + 🇵🇷 + U+1F1F5 U+1F1F7 + +
+ + Qatar + QAT + QA + 634 + 974 + Doha + QAR + Qatari riyal + ق.ر + .qa + قطر + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Qatar + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + AST + Arabia Standard Time + + + 카타르 +
Catar
+ Catar + Qatar +
Katar + قطر + Katar + Catar + Qatar + カタール + Qatar + 卡塔尔 +
+ 25.50000000 + 51.25000000 + 🇶🇦 + U+1F1F6 U+1F1E6 + + 3182 + Al Daayen + ZA + 25.57845590 + 51.48213870 + + + 3183 + Al Khor + KH + 25.68040780 + 51.49685020 + + + 3177 + Al Rayyan Municipality + RA + 25.25225510 + 51.43887130 + + + 3179 + Al Wakrah + WA + 25.16593140 + 51.59755240 + + + 3178 + Al-Shahaniya + SH + 25.41063860 + 51.18460250 + + + 3181 + Doha + DA + 25.28544730 + 51.53103980 + + + 3180 + Madinat ash Shamal + MS + 26.11827430 + 51.21572650 + + + 3184 + Umm Salal Municipality + US + 25.48752420 + 51.39656800 + +
+ + Reunion + REU + RE + 638 + 262 + Saint-Denis + EUR + Euro + + .re + La Réunion + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Reunion + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + RET + Réunion Time + + + 레위니옹 +
Reunião
+ Reunião + Réunion +
Réunion + رئونیون + Réunion + Reunión + Réunion + レユニオン + Riunione + 留尼汪岛 +
+ -21.15000000 + 55.50000000 + 🇷🇪 + U+1F1F7 U+1F1EA + +
+ + Romania + ROU + RO + 642 + 40 + Bucharest + RON + Romanian leu + lei + .ro + România + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Bucharest + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + 루마니아 +
Romênia
+ Roménia + Roemenië +
Rumunjska + رومانی + Rumänien + Rumania + Roumanie + ルーマニア + Romania + 罗马尼亚 +
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+ + Russia + RUS + RU + 643 + 7 + Moscow + RUB + Russian ruble + + .ru + Россия + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Asia/Anadyr + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + ANAT + Anadyr Time[4 + + + Asia/Barnaul + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + KRAT + Krasnoyarsk Time + + + Asia/Chita + 32400 + UTC+09:00 + YAKT + Yakutsk Time + + + Asia/Irkutsk + 28800 + UTC+08:00 + IRKT + Irkutsk Time + + + Asia/Kamchatka + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + PETT + Kamchatka Time + + + Asia/Khandyga + 32400 + UTC+09:00 + YAKT + Yakutsk Time + + + Asia/Krasnoyarsk + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + KRAT + Krasnoyarsk Time + + + Asia/Magadan + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + MAGT + Magadan Time + + + Asia/Novokuznetsk + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + KRAT + Krasnoyarsk Time + + + Asia/Novosibirsk + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + NOVT + Novosibirsk Time + + + Asia/Omsk + 21600 + UTC+06:00 + OMST + Omsk Time + + + Asia/Sakhalin + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + SAKT + Sakhalin Island Time + + + Asia/Srednekolymsk + 39600 + UTC+11:00 + SRET + Srednekolymsk Time + + + Asia/Tomsk + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + MSD+3 + Moscow Daylight Time+3 + + + Asia/Ust-Nera + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + VLAT + Vladivostok Time + + + Asia/Vladivostok + 36000 + UTC+10:00 + VLAT + Vladivostok Time + + + Asia/Yakutsk + 32400 + UTC+09:00 + YAKT + Yakutsk Time + + + Asia/Yekaterinburg + 18000 + UTC+05:00 + YEKT + Yekaterinburg Time + + + Europe/Astrakhan + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + SAMT + Samara Time + + + Europe/Kaliningrad + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + EET + Eastern European Time + + + Europe/Kirov + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + MSK + Moscow Time + + + Europe/Moscow + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + MSK + Moscow Time + + + Europe/Samara + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + SAMT + Samara Time + + + Europe/Saratov + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + MSD + Moscow Daylight Time+4 + + + Europe/Ulyanovsk + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + SAMT + Samara Time + + + Europe/Volgograd + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + MSK + Moscow Standard Time + + + 러시아 +
Rússia
+ Rússia + Rusland +
Rusija + روسیه + Russland + Rusia + Russie + ロシア連邦 + Russia + 俄罗斯联邦 +
+ 60.00000000 + 100.00000000 + 🇷🇺 + U+1F1F7 U+1F1FA + + 1911 + Altai Krai + ALT + 51.79362980 + 82.67585960 + + + 1876 + Altai Republic + AL + 50.61819240 + 86.21993080 + + + 1858 + Amur Oblast + AMU + 54.60350650 + 127.48017210 + + + 1849 + Arkhangelsk + ARK + 64.54585490 + 40.55057690 + + + 1866 + Astrakhan Oblast + AST + 46.13211660 + 48.06101150 + + + 1903 + Belgorod Oblast + BEL + 50.71069260 + 37.75333770 + + + 1867 + Bryansk Oblast + BRY + 53.04085990 + 33.26909000 + + + 1893 + Chechen Republic + CE + 43.40233010 + 45.71874680 + + + 1845 + Chelyabinsk Oblast + CHE + 54.43194220 + 60.87889630 + + + 1859 + Chukotka Autonomous Okrug + CHU + 65.62983550 + 171.69521590 + + + 1914 + Chuvash Republic + CU + 55.55959920 + 46.92835350 + + + 1880 + Irkutsk + IRK + 52.28548340 + 104.28902220 + + + 1864 + Ivanovo Oblast + IVA + 57.10568540 + 41.48300840 + + + 1835 + Jewish Autonomous Oblast + YEV + 48.48081470 + 131.76573670 + + + 1892 + Kabardino-Balkar Republic + KB + 43.39324690 + 43.56284980 + + + 1902 + Kaliningrad + KGD + 54.71042640 + 20.45221440 + + + 1844 + Kaluga Oblast + KLU + 54.38726660 + 35.18890940 + + + 1865 + Kamchatka Krai + KAM + 61.43439810 + 166.78841310 + + + 1869 + Karachay-Cherkess Republic + KC + 43.88451430 + 41.73039390 + + + 1897 + Kemerovo Oblast + KEM + 54.75746480 + 87.40552880 + + + 1873 + Khabarovsk Krai + KHA + 50.58884310 + 135.00000000 + + + 1838 + Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug + KHM + 62.22870620 + 70.64100570 + + + 1890 + Kirov Oblast + KIR + 58.41985290 + 50.20972480 + + + 1899 + Komi Republic + KO + 63.86305390 + 54.83126900 + + + 1910 + Kostroma Oblast + KOS + 58.55010690 + 43.95411020 + + + 1891 + Krasnodar Krai + KDA + 45.64152890 + 39.70559770 + + + 1840 + Krasnoyarsk Krai + KYA + 64.24797580 + 95.11041760 + + + 1915 + Kurgan Oblast + KGN + 55.44815480 + 65.11809750 + + + 1855 + Kursk Oblast + KRS + 51.76340260 + 35.38118120 + + + 1896 + Leningrad Oblast + LEN + 60.07932080 + 31.89266450 + + + 1889 + Lipetsk Oblast + LIP + 52.52647020 + 39.20322690 + + + 1839 + Magadan Oblast + MAG + 62.66434170 + 153.91499100 + + + 1870 + Mari El Republic + ME + 56.43845700 + 47.96077580 + + + 1901 + Moscow + MOW + 55.75582600 + 37.61729990 + + + 1882 + Moscow Oblast + MOS + 55.34039600 + 38.29176510 + + + 1843 + Murmansk Oblast + MUR + 67.84426740 + 35.08841020 + + + 1836 + Nenets Autonomous Okrug + NEN + 67.60783370 + 57.63383310 + + + 1857 + Nizhny Novgorod Oblast + NIZ + 55.79951590 + 44.02967690 + + + 1834 + Novgorod Oblast + NGR + 58.24275520 + 32.56651900 + + + 1888 + Novosibirsk + NVS + 54.98326930 + 82.89638310 + + + 1846 + Omsk Oblast + OMS + 55.05546690 + 73.31673420 + + + 1886 + Orenburg Oblast + ORE + 51.76340260 + 54.61881880 + + + 1908 + Oryol Oblast + ORL + 52.78564140 + 36.92423440 + + + 1909 + Penza Oblast + PNZ + 53.14121050 + 44.09400480 + + + 1871 + Perm Krai + PER + 58.82319290 + 56.58724810 + + + 1833 + Primorsky Krai + PRI + 45.05256410 + 135.00000000 + + + 1863 + Pskov Oblast + PSK + 56.77085990 + 29.09400900 + + + 1852 + Republic of Adygea + AD + 44.82291550 + 40.17544630 + + + 1854 + Republic of Bashkortostan + BA + 54.23121720 + 56.16452570 + + + 1842 + Republic of Buryatia + BU + 54.83311460 + 112.40605300 + + + 1850 + Republic of Dagestan + DA + 42.14318860 + 47.09497990 + + + 1884 + Republic of Ingushetia + IN + 43.40516980 + 44.82029990 + + + 1883 + Republic of Kalmykia + KL + 46.18671760 + 45.00000000 + + + 1841 + Republic of Karelia + KR + 63.15587020 + 32.99055520 + + + 1877 + Republic of Khakassia + KK + 53.04522810 + 90.39821450 + + + 1898 + Republic of Mordovia + MO + 54.23694410 + 44.06839700 + + + 1853 + Republic of North Ossetia-Alania + SE + 43.04513020 + 44.28709720 + + + 1861 + Republic of Tatarstan + TA + 55.18023640 + 50.72639450 + + + 1837 + Rostov Oblast + ROS + 47.68532470 + 41.82589520 + + + 1905 + Ryazan Oblast + RYA + 54.38759640 + 41.25956610 + + + 1879 + Saint Petersburg + SPE + 59.93105840 + 30.36090960 + + + 1848 + Sakha Republic + SA + 66.76134510 + 124.12375300 + + + 1875 + Sakhalin + SAK + 50.69098480 + 142.95056890 + + + 1862 + Samara Oblast + SAM + 53.41838390 + 50.47255280 + + + 1887 + Saratov Oblast + SAR + 51.83692630 + 46.75393970 + + + 1912 + Sevastopol + UA-40 + 44.61665000 + 33.52536710 + + + 1885 + Smolensk Oblast + SMO + 54.98829940 + 32.66773780 + + + 1868 + Stavropol Krai + STA + 44.66809930 + 43.52021400 + + + 1894 + Sverdlovsk + SVE + 56.84309930 + 60.64540860 + + + 1878 + Tambov Oblast + TAM + 52.64165890 + 41.42164510 + + + 1872 + Tomsk Oblast + TOM + 58.89698820 + 82.67655000 + + + 1895 + Tula Oblast + TUL + 54.16376800 + 37.56495070 + + + 1900 + Tuva Republic + TY + 51.88726690 + 95.62601720 + + + 1860 + Tver Oblast + TVE + 57.00216540 + 33.98531420 + + + 1907 + Tyumen Oblast + TYU + 56.96343870 + 66.94827800 + + + 1913 + Udmurt Republic + UD + 57.06702180 + 53.02779480 + + + 1856 + Ulyanovsk Oblast + ULY + 53.97933570 + 47.77624250 + + + 1881 + Vladimir Oblast + VLA + 56.15534650 + 40.59266850 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+ + Rwanda + RWA + RW + 646 + 250 + Kigali + RWF + Rwandan franc + FRw + .rw + Rwanda + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Africa/Kigali + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + CAT + Central Africa Time + + + 르완다 +
Ruanda
+ Ruanda + Rwanda +
Ruanda + رواندا + Ruanda + Ruanda + Rwanda + ルワンダ + Ruanda + 卢旺达 +
+ -2.00000000 + 30.00000000 + 🇷🇼 + U+1F1F7 U+1F1FC + + 261 + Eastern Province + 02 + + + 262 + Kigali district + 01 + -1.94407270 + 30.06188510 + + + 263 + Northern Province + 03 + + + 259 + Southern Province + 05 + + + 260 + Western Province + 04 + +
+ + Saint Helena + SHN + SH + 654 + 290 + Jamestown + SHP + Saint Helena pound + £ + .sh + Saint Helena + Africa + Western Africa + + Atlantic/St_Helena + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 세인트헬레나 +
Santa Helena
+ Santa Helena + Sint-Helena +
Sveta Helena + سنت هلنا، اسنشن و تریستان دا کونا + Sankt Helena + Santa Helena + Sainte-Hélène + セントヘレナ・アセンションおよびトリスタンダクーニャ + Sant'Elena + 圣赫勒拿 +
+ -15.95000000 + -5.70000000 + 🇸🇭 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1ED + +
+ + Saint Kitts And Nevis + KNA + KN + 659 + +1-869 + Basseterre + XCD + Eastern Caribbean dollar + $ + .kn + Saint Kitts and Nevis + Americas + Caribbean + + America/St_Kitts + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 세인트키츠 네비스 +
São Cristóvão e Neves
+ São Cristóvão e Neves + Saint Kitts en Nevis +
Sveti Kristof i Nevis + سنت کیتس و نویس + St. Kitts und Nevis + San Cristóbal y Nieves + Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès + セントクリストファー・ネイビス + Saint Kitts e Nevis + 圣基茨和尼维斯 +
+ 17.33333333 + -62.75000000 + 🇰🇳 + U+1F1F0 U+1F1F3 + + 3833 + Christ Church Nichola Town Parish + 01 + 17.36048120 + -62.76178370 + + + 3832 + Nevis + N + 17.15535580 + -62.57960260 + + + 3836 + Saint Anne Sandy Point Parish + 02 + 17.37253330 + -62.84411330 + + + 3837 + Saint George Gingerland Parish + 04 + 17.12577590 + -62.56198110 + + + 3835 + Saint James Windward Parish + 05 + 17.17696330 + -62.57960260 + + + 3845 + Saint John Capisterre Parish + 06 + 17.38103410 + -62.79118330 + + + 3840 + Saint John Figtree Parish + 07 + 17.11557480 + -62.60310040 + + + 3841 + Saint Kitts + K + 17.34337960 + -62.75590430 + + + 3844 + Saint Mary Cayon Parish + 08 + 17.34620710 + -62.73826710 + + + 3834 + Saint Paul Capisterre Parish + 09 + 17.40166830 + -62.82573320 + + + 3838 + Saint Paul Charlestown Parish + 10 + 17.13462970 + -62.61338160 + + + 3831 + Saint Peter Basseterre Parish + 11 + 17.31029110 + -62.71475330 + + + 3839 + Saint Thomas Lowland Parish + 12 + 17.16505130 + -62.60897530 + + + 3842 + Saint Thomas Middle Island Parish + 13 + 17.33488130 + -62.80882510 + + + 3843 + Trinity Palmetto Point Parish + 15 + 17.30635190 + -62.76178370 + +
+ + Saint Lucia + LCA + LC + 662 + +1-758 + Castries + XCD + Eastern Caribbean dollar + $ + .lc + Saint Lucia + Americas + Caribbean + + America/St_Lucia + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 세인트루시아 +
Santa Lúcia
+ Santa Lúcia + Saint Lucia +
Sveta Lucija + سنت لوسیا + Saint Lucia + Santa Lucía + Saint-Lucie + セントルシア + Santa Lucia + 圣卢西亚 +
+ 13.88333333 + -60.96666666 + 🇱🇨 + U+1F1F1 U+1F1E8 + + 3757 + Anse la Raye Quarter + 01 + 13.94594240 + -61.03694680 + + + 3761 + Canaries + 12 + 28.29156370 + -16.62913040 + + + 3758 + Castries Quarter + 02 + 14.01010940 + -60.98746870 + + + 3760 + Choiseul Quarter + 03 + 13.77501540 + -61.04859100 + + + 3767 + Dauphin Quarter + 04 + 14.01033960 + -60.91909880 + + + 3756 + Dennery Quarter + 05 + 13.92673930 + -60.91909880 + + + 3766 + Gros Islet Quarter + 06 + 14.08435780 + -60.94527940 + + + 3759 + Laborie Quarter + 07 + 13.75227830 + -60.99328890 + + + 3762 + Micoud Quarter + 08 + 13.82118710 + -60.90019340 + + + 3765 + Praslin Quarter + 09 + 13.87523920 + -60.89946630 + + + 3764 + Soufrière Quarter + 10 + 13.85709860 + -61.05732480 + + + 3763 + Vieux Fort Quarter + 11 + 13.72060800 + -60.94964330 + +
+ + Saint Pierre and Miquelon + SPM + PM + 666 + 508 + Saint-Pierre + EUR + Euro + + .pm + Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon + Americas + Northern America + + America/Miquelon + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + PMDT + Pierre & Miquelon Daylight Time + + + 생피에르 미클롱 +
Saint-Pierre e Miquelon
+ São Pedro e Miquelon + Saint Pierre en Miquelon +
Sveti Petar i Mikelon + سن پیر و میکلن + Saint-Pierre und Miquelon + San Pedro y Miquelón + Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon + サンピエール島・ミクロン島 + Saint-Pierre e Miquelon + 圣皮埃尔和密克隆 +
+ 46.83333333 + -56.33333333 + 🇵🇲 + U+1F1F5 U+1F1F2 + +
+ + Saint Vincent And The Grenadines + VCT + VC + 670 + +1-784 + Kingstown + XCD + Eastern Caribbean dollar + $ + .vc + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines + Americas + Caribbean + + America/St_Vincent + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 세인트빈센트 그레나딘 +
São Vicente e Granadinas
+ São Vicente e Granadinas + Saint Vincent en de Grenadines +
Sveti Vincent i Grenadini + سنت وینسنت و گرنادین‌ها + Saint Vincent und die Grenadinen + San Vicente y Granadinas + Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines + セントビンセントおよびグレナディーン諸島 + Saint Vincent e Grenadine + 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 +
+ 13.25000000 + -61.20000000 + 🇻🇨 + U+1F1FB U+1F1E8 + + 3389 + Charlotte Parish + 01 + 13.21754510 + -61.16362440 + + + 3388 + Grenadines Parish + 06 + 13.01229650 + -61.22773010 + + + 3386 + Saint Andrew Parish + 02 + 43.02429990 + -81.20250000 + + + 3387 + Saint David Parish + 03 + 43.85230950 + -79.52366540 + + + 3384 + Saint George Parish + 04 + 42.95760900 + -81.32670500 + + + 3385 + Saint Patrick Parish + 05 + 39.75091860 + -94.84505560 + +
+ + Saint-Barthelemy + BLM + BL + 652 + 590 + Gustavia + EUR + Euro + + .bl + Saint-Barthélemy + Americas + Caribbean + + America/St_Barthelemy + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 생바르텔레미 +
São Bartolomeu
+ São Bartolomeu + Saint Barthélemy +
Saint Barthélemy + سن-بارتلمی + Saint-Barthélemy + San Bartolomé + Saint-Barthélemy + サン・バルテルミー + Antille Francesi + 圣巴泰勒米 +
+ 18.50000000 + -63.41666666 + 🇧🇱 + U+1F1E7 U+1F1F1 + +
+ + Saint-Martin (French part) + MAF + MF + 663 + 590 + Marigot + EUR + Euro + + .mf + Saint-Martin + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Marigot + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 세인트마틴 섬 +
Saint Martin
+ Ilha São Martinho + Saint-Martin +
Sveti Martin + سینت مارتن + Saint Martin + Saint Martin + Saint-Martin + サン・マルタン(フランス領) + Saint Martin + 密克罗尼西亚 +
+ 18.08333333 + -63.95000000 + 🇲🇫 + U+1F1F2 U+1F1EB + +
+ + Samoa + WSM + WS + 882 + 685 + Apia + WST + Samoan tālā + SAT + .ws + Samoa + Oceania + Polynesia + + Pacific/Apia + 50400 + UTC+14:00 + WST + West Samoa Time + + + 사모아 +
Samoa
+ Samoa + Samoa +
Samoa + ساموآ + Samoa + Samoa + Samoa + サモア + Samoa + 萨摩亚 +
+ -13.58333333 + -172.33333333 + 🇼🇸 + U+1F1FC U+1F1F8 + + 4763 + A'ana + AA + -13.89841800 + -171.97529950 + + + 4761 + Aiga-i-le-Tai + AL + -13.85137910 + -172.03254010 + + + 4765 + Atua + AT + -13.97870530 + -171.62542830 + + + 4764 + Fa'asaleleaga + FA + -13.63076380 + -172.23659810 + + + 4769 + Gaga'emauga + GE + -13.54286660 + -172.36688700 + + + 4771 + Gaga'ifomauga + GI + -13.54680070 + -172.49693310 + + + 4767 + Palauli + PA + -13.72945790 + -172.45361150 + + + 4762 + Satupa'itea + SA + -13.65382140 + -172.61592710 + + + 4770 + Tuamasaga + TU + -13.91635920 + -171.82243620 + + + 4768 + Va'a-o-Fonoti + VF + -13.94709030 + -171.54318720 + + + 4766 + Vaisigano + VS + -13.54138270 + -172.70233830 + +
+ + San Marino + SMR + SM + 674 + 378 + San Marino + EUR + Euro + + .sm + San Marino + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/San_Marino + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 산마리노 +
San Marino
+ São Marinho + San Marino +
San Marino + سان مارینو + San Marino + San Marino + Saint-Marin + サンマリノ + San Marino + 圣马力诺 +
+ 43.76666666 + 12.41666666 + 🇸🇲 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1F2 + + 59 + Acquaviva + 01 + 41.86715970 + 14.74694790 + + + 61 + Borgo Maggiore + 06 + 43.95748820 + 12.45525460 + + + 60 + Chiesanuova + 02 + 45.42261720 + 7.65038540 + + + 64 + Domagnano + 03 + 43.95019290 + 12.46815370 + + + 62 + Faetano + 04 + 43.93489670 + 12.48965540 + + + 66 + Fiorentino + 05 + 43.90783370 + 12.45812090 + + + 63 + Montegiardino + 08 + 43.90529990 + 12.48105420 + + + 58 + San Marino + 07 + 43.94236000 + 12.45777700 + + + 65 + Serravalle + 09 + 44.72320840 + 8.85740050 + +
+ + Sao Tome and Principe + STP + ST + 678 + 239 + Sao Tome + STD + Dobra + Db + .st + São Tomé e Príncipe + Africa + Middle Africa + + Africa/Sao_Tome + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 상투메 프린시페 +
São Tomé e Príncipe
+ São Tomé e Príncipe + Sao Tomé en Principe +
Sveti Toma i Princip + کواترو دو فرویرو + São Tomé und Príncipe + Santo Tomé y Príncipe + Sao Tomé-et-Principe + サントメ・プリンシペ + São Tomé e Príncipe + 圣多美和普林西比 +
+ 1.00000000 + 7.00000000 + 🇸🇹 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1F9 + + 270 + Príncipe Province + P + 1.61393810 + 7.40569280 + + + 271 + São Tomé Province + S + 0.33019240 + 6.73334300 + +
+ + Saudi Arabia + SAU + SA + 682 + 966 + Riyadh + SAR + Saudi riyal + + .sa + المملكة العربية السعودية + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Riyadh + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + AST + Arabia Standard Time + + + 사우디아라비아 +
Arábia Saudita
+ Arábia Saudita + Saoedi-Arabië +
Saudijska Arabija + عربستان سعودی + Saudi-Arabien + Arabia Saudí + Arabie Saoudite + サウジアラビア + Arabia Saudita + 沙特阿拉伯 +
+ 25.00000000 + 45.00000000 + 🇸🇦 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1E6 + + 2853 + 'Asir + 14 + 19.09690620 + 42.86378750 + + + 2859 + Al Bahah + 11 + 20.27227390 + 41.44125100 + + + 2857 + Al Jawf + 12 + 29.88735600 + 39.32062410 + + + 2851 + Al Madinah + 03 + 24.84039770 + 39.32062410 + + + 2861 + Al-Qassim + 05 + 26.20782600 + 43.48373800 + + + 2856 + Eastern Province + 04 + 24.04399320 + 45.65892250 + + + 2855 + Ha'il + 06 + 27.70761430 + 41.91964710 + + + 2858 + Jizan + 09 + 17.17381760 + 42.70761070 + + + 2850 + Makkah + 02 + 21.52355840 + 41.91964710 + + + 2860 + Najran + 10 + 18.35146640 + 45.60071080 + + + 2854 + Northern Borders + 08 + 30.07991620 + 42.86378750 + + + 2849 + Riyadh + 01 + 22.75543850 + 46.20915470 + + + 2852 + Tabuk + 07 + 28.24533350 + 37.63866220 + +
+ + Senegal + SEN + SN + 686 + 221 + Dakar + XOF + West African CFA franc + CFA + .sn + Sénégal + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Dakar + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 세네갈 +
Senegal
+ Senegal + Senegal +
Senegal + سنگال + Senegal + Senegal + Sénégal + セネガル + Senegal + 塞内加尔 +
+ 14.00000000 + -14.00000000 + 🇸🇳 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1F3 + + 473 + Dakar + DK + 14.71667700 + -17.46768610 + + + 480 + Diourbel Region + DB + 14.72830850 + -16.25221430 + + + 479 + Fatick + FK + 14.33901670 + -16.41114250 + + + 475 + Kaffrine + KA + 14.10520200 + -15.54157550 + + + 483 + Kaolack + KL + 14.16520830 + -16.07577490 + + + 481 + Kédougou + KE + 12.56046070 + -12.17470770 + + + 474 + Kolda + KD + 12.91074950 + -14.95056710 + + + 485 + Louga + LG + 15.61417680 + -16.22868000 + + + 476 + Matam + MT + 15.66002250 + -13.25769060 + + + 477 + Saint-Louis + SL + 38.62700250 + -90.19940420 + + + 482 + Sédhiou + SE + 12.70460400 + -15.55623040 + + + 486 + Tambacounda Region + TC + 13.56190110 + -13.17403480 + + + 484 + Thiès Region + TH + 14.79100520 + -16.93586040 + + + 478 + Ziguinchor + ZG + 12.56414790 + -16.26398250 + +
+ + Serbia + SRB + RS + 688 + 381 + Belgrade + RSD + Serbian dinar + din + .rs + Србија + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Belgrade + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 세르비아 +
Sérvia
+ Sérvia + Servië +
Srbija + صربستان + Serbien + Serbia + Serbie + セルビア + Serbia + 塞尔维亚 +
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+ + Seychelles + SYC + SC + 690 + 248 + Victoria + SCR + Seychellois rupee + SRe + .sc + Seychelles + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Indian/Mahe + 14400 + UTC+04:00 + SCT + Seychelles Time + + + 세이셸 +
Seicheles
+ Seicheles + Seychellen +
Sejšeli + سیشل + Seychellen + Seychelles + Seychelles + セーシェル + Seychelles + 塞舌尔 +
+ -4.58333333 + 55.66666666 + 🇸🇨 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1E8 + + 513 + Anse Boileau + 02 + -4.70472680 + 55.48593630 + + + 502 + Anse Royale + 05 + -4.74079880 + 55.50810120 + + + 506 + Anse-aux-Pins + 01 + -4.69004430 + 55.51502890 + + + 508 + Au Cap + 04 + -4.70597230 + 55.50810120 + + + 497 + Baie Lazare + 06 + -4.74825250 + 55.48593630 + + + 514 + Baie Sainte Anne + 07 + 47.05259000 + -64.95245790 + + + 512 + Beau Vallon + 08 + -4.62109670 + 55.42778020 + + + 515 + Bel Air + 09 + 34.10024550 + -118.45946300 + + + 505 + Bel Ombre + 10 + -20.50100950 + 57.42596240 + + + 517 + Cascade + 11 + 44.51628210 + -116.04179830 + + + 503 + Glacis + 12 + 47.11573030 + -70.30281830 + + + 500 + Grand'Anse Mahé + 13 + -4.67739200 + 55.46377700 + + + 504 + Grand'Anse Praslin + 14 + -4.31762190 + 55.70783630 + + + 495 + La Digue + 15 + 49.76669220 + -97.15466290 + + + 516 + La Rivière Anglaise + 16 + -4.61061500 + 55.45408410 + + + 499 + Les Mamelles + 24 + 38.82505050 + -90.48345170 + + + 494 + Mont Buxton + 17 + -4.61666670 + 55.44577680 + + + 498 + Mont Fleuri + 18 + -4.63565430 + 55.45546880 + + + 511 + Plaisance + 19 + 45.60709500 + -75.11427450 + + + 510 + Pointe La Rue + 20 + -4.68048900 + 55.51918570 + + + 507 + Port Glaud + 21 + -4.64885230 + 55.41947530 + + + 501 + Roche Caiman + 25 + -4.63960280 + 55.46793150 + + + 496 + Saint Louis + 22 + 38.62700250 + -90.19940420 + + + 509 + Takamaka + 23 + 37.96459170 + -1.22177270 + +
+ + Sierra Leone + SLE + SL + 694 + 232 + Freetown + SLL + Sierra Leonean leone + Le + .sl + Sierra Leone + Africa + Western Africa + + Africa/Freetown + 0 + UTC±00 + GMT + Greenwich Mean Time + + + 시에라리온 +
Serra Leoa
+ Serra Leoa + Sierra Leone +
Sijera Leone + سیرالئون + Sierra Leone + Sierra Leone + Sierra Leone + シエラレオネ + Sierra Leone + 塞拉利昂 +
+ 8.50000000 + -11.50000000 + 🇸🇱 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1F1 + + 914 + Eastern Province + E + + + 911 + Northern Province + N + + + 912 + Southern Province + S + + + 913 + Western Area + W + 40.25459690 + -80.24554440 + +
+ + Singapore + SGP + SG + 702 + 65 + Singapur + SGD + Singapore dollar + $ + .sg + Singapore + Asia + South-Eastern Asia + + Asia/Singapore + 28800 + UTC+08:00 + SGT + Singapore Time + + + 싱가포르 +
Singapura
+ Singapura + Singapore +
Singapur + سنگاپور + Singapur + Singapur + Singapour + シンガポール + Singapore + 新加坡 +
+ 1.36666666 + 103.80000000 + 🇸🇬 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1EC + + 4651 + Central Singapore Community Development Council + 01 + 1.28951400 + 103.81438790 + + + 4649 + North East Community Development Council + 02 + 45.01181130 + -93.24681070 + + + 4653 + North West Community Development Council + 03 + 39.10709300 + -94.45733600 + + + 4650 + South East Community Development Council + 04 + 39.28630700 + -76.56912370 + + + 4652 + South West Community Development Council + 05 + 39.92569100 + -75.23105800 + +
+ + Sint Maarten (Dutch part) + SXM + SX + 534 + 1721 + Philipsburg + ANG + Netherlands Antillean guilder + ƒ + .sx + Sint Maarten + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Anguilla + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 신트마르턴 +
Sint Maarten
+ São Martinho + Sint Maarten + سینت مارتن + Sint Maarten (niederl. Teil) + Saint Martin (partie néerlandaise) + Saint Martin (parte olandese) + 圣马丁岛(荷兰部分) +
+ 18.03333300 + -63.05000000 + 🇸🇽 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1FD + +
+ + Slovakia + SVK + SK + 703 + 421 + Bratislava + EUR + Euro + + .sk + Slovensko + Europe + Eastern Europe + + Europe/Bratislava + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 슬로바키아 +
Eslováquia
+ Eslováquia + Slowakije +
Slovačka + اسلواکی + Slowakei + República Eslovaca + Slovaquie + スロバキア + Slovacchia + 斯洛伐克 +
+ 48.66666666 + 19.50000000 + 🇸🇰 + U+1F1F8 U+1F1F0 + + 4352 + Banská Bystrica Region + BC + 48.53124990 + 19.38287400 + + + 4356 + Bratislava Region + BL + 48.31183040 + 17.19732990 + + + 4353 + Košice Region + KI + 48.63757370 + 21.08342250 + + + 4357 + Nitra Region + NI + 48.01437650 + 18.54165040 + + + 4354 + Prešov Region + PV + 49.17167730 + 21.37420010 + + + 4358 + Trenčín Region + TC + 48.80867580 + 18.23240260 + + + 4355 + Trnava Region + TA + 48.39438980 + 17.72162050 + + + 4359 + Žilina Region + ZI + 49.20314350 + 19.36457330 + +
+ + Slovenia + SVN + SI + 705 + 386 + Ljubljana + EUR + Euro + + .si + Slovenija + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Ljubljana + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 슬로베니아 +
Eslovênia
+ Eslovénia + Slovenië +
Slovenija + اسلوونی + Slowenien + Eslovenia + Slovénie + スロベニア + Slovenia + 斯洛文尼亚 +
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14.43499520 + + + 4147 + Cankova Municipality + 152 + 46.71823700 + 16.01972220 + + + 4310 + Cerklje na Gorenjskem Municipality + 012 + 46.25170540 + 14.48579790 + + + 4162 + Cerknica Municipality + 013 + 45.79662550 + 14.39217700 + + + 4178 + Cerkno Municipality + 014 + 46.12884140 + 13.98940270 + + + 4176 + Cerkvenjak Municipality + 153 + 46.56707110 + 15.94297530 + + + 4191 + City Municipality of Celje + 011 + 46.23974950 + 15.26770630 + + + 4236 + City Municipality of Novo Mesto + 085 + 45.80108240 + 15.17100890 + + + 4151 + Črenšovci Municipality + 015 + 46.57200290 + 16.28773460 + + + 4232 + Črna na Koroškem Municipality + 016 + 46.47045290 + 14.84999980 + + + 4291 + Črnomelj Municipality + 017 + 45.53612250 + 15.19441430 + + + 4304 + Destrnik Municipality + 018 + 46.49223680 + 15.87779560 + + + 4167 + Divača Municipality + 019 + 45.68060690 + 13.97203120 + + + 4295 + Dobje Municipality + 154 + 46.13700370 + 15.39412900 + + + 4216 + Dobrepolje Municipality + 020 + 45.85249510 + 14.70831090 + + + 4252 + Dobrna Municipality + 155 + 46.33561410 + 15.22597320 + + + 4308 + Dobrova–Polhov Gradec Municipality + 021 + 46.06488960 + 14.31681950 + + + 4189 + Dobrovnik Municipality + 156 + 46.65386620 + 16.35065940 + + + 4173 + Dol pri Ljubljani Municipality + 022 + 46.08843860 + 14.64247920 + + + 4281 + Dolenjske Toplice Municipality + 157 + 45.73457110 + 15.01294930 + + + 4159 + Domžale Municipality + 023 + 46.14382690 + 14.63752790 + + + 4290 + Dornava Municipality + 024 + 46.44435130 + 15.98891590 + + + 4345 + Dravograd Municipality + 025 + 46.58921900 + 15.02460210 + + + 4213 + Duplek Municipality + 026 + 46.50100160 + 15.75463070 + + + 4293 + Gorenja Vas–Poljane Municipality + 027 + 46.11165820 + 14.11493480 + + + 4210 + Gorišnica Municipality + 028 + 46.41202710 + 16.01330890 + + + 4284 + Gorje Municipality + 207 + 46.38024580 + 14.06853390 + + + 4343 + Gornja Radgona Municipality + 029 + 46.67670990 + 15.99108470 + + + 4339 + Gornji Grad Municipality + 030 + 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Municipality + 052 + 46.25850210 + 14.35435690 + + + 4340 + Kranjska Gora Municipality + 053 + 46.48452930 + 13.78571450 + + + 4238 + Križevci Municipality + 166 + 46.57018210 + 16.10926530 + + + 4197 + Kungota + 055 + 46.64187930 + 15.60362880 + + + 4211 + Kuzma Municipality + 056 + 46.83510380 + 16.08071000 + + + 4338 + Laško Municipality + 057 + 46.15422360 + 15.23614910 + + + 4142 + Lenart Municipality + 058 + 46.58344240 + 15.82621250 + + + 4225 + Lendava Municipality + 059 + 46.55134830 + 16.44198390 + + + 4347 + Litija Municipality + 060 + 46.05732260 + 14.83096360 + + + 4270 + Ljubljana City Municipality + 061 + 46.05694650 + 14.50575150 + + + 4294 + Ljubno Municipality + 062 + 46.34431250 + 14.83354920 + + + 4351 + Ljutomer Municipality + 063 + 46.51908480 + 16.18932160 + + + 4306 + Log–Dragomer Municipality + 208 + 46.01787470 + 14.36877670 + + + 4350 + Logatec Municipality + 064 + 45.91761100 + 14.23514510 + + + 4174 + Loška Dolina Municipality + 065 + 45.64779080 + 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13.62766470 + + + 4298 + Mirna Municipality + 212 + 45.95156470 + 15.06209770 + + + 4237 + Mirna Peč Municipality + 170 + 45.84815740 + 15.08794500 + + + 4212 + Mislinja Municipality + 076 + 46.44294030 + 15.19876780 + + + 4297 + Mokronog–Trebelno Municipality + 199 + 45.90885290 + 15.15967360 + + + 4168 + Moravče Municipality + 077 + 46.13627810 + 14.74600100 + + + 4218 + Moravske Toplice Municipality + 078 + 46.68569320 + 16.22245820 + + + 4190 + Mozirje Municipality + 079 + 46.33943500 + 14.96024130 + + + 4318 + Municipality of Apače + 195 + 46.69746790 + 15.91025340 + + + 4309 + Municipality of Cirkulane + 196 + 46.32983220 + 15.99806660 + + + 4344 + Municipality of Ilirska Bistrica + 038 + 45.57913230 + 14.28097290 + + + 4314 + Municipality of Krško + 054 + 45.95896090 + 15.49235550 + + + 4187 + Municipality of Škofljica + 123 + 45.98409620 + 14.57466260 + + + 4313 + Murska Sobota City Municipality + 080 + 46.64321470 + 16.15157540 + + + 4208 + Muta Municipality + 081 + 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Ilhas Salomão
+ Ilhas Salomão + Salomonseilanden +
Solomonski Otoci + جزایر سلیمان + Salomonen + Islas Salomón + Îles Salomon + ソロモン諸島 + Isole Salomone + 所罗门群岛 +
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Somália
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Somalija + سومالی + Somalia + Somalia + Somalie + ソマリア + Somalia + 索马里 +
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República Sul-Africana
+ República Sul-Africana + Zuid-Afrika +
Južnoafrička Republika + آفریقای جنوبی + Republik Südafrika + República de Sudáfrica + Afrique du Sud + 南アフリカ + Sud Africa + 南非 +
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+ + South Georgia + SGS + GS + 239 + 500 + Grytviken + GBP + British pound + £ + .gs + South Georgia + Americas + South America + + Atlantic/South_Georgia + -7200 + UTC-02:00 + GST + South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Time + + + 사우스조지아 +
Ilhas Geórgias do Sul e Sandwich do Sul
+ Ilhas Geórgia do Sul e Sanduíche do Sul + Zuid-Georgia en Zuidelijke Sandwicheilanden +
Južna Georgija i otočje Južni Sandwich + جزایر جورجیای جنوبی و ساندویچ جنوبی + Südgeorgien und die Südlichen Sandwichinseln + Islas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur + Géorgie du Sud-et-les Îles Sandwich du Sud + サウスジョージア・サウスサンドウィッチ諸島 + Georgia del Sud e Isole Sandwich Meridionali + 南乔治亚 +
+ -54.50000000 + -37.00000000 + 🇬🇸 + U+1F1EC U+1F1F8 + +
+ + South Korea + KOR + KR + 410 + 82 + Seoul + KRW + Won + + .kr + 대한민국 + Asia + Eastern Asia + + Asia/Seoul + 32400 + UTC+09:00 + KST + Korea Standard Time + + + 대한민국 +
Coreia do Sul
+ Coreia do Sul + Zuid-Korea +
Južna Koreja + کره شمالی + Südkorea + Corea del Sur + Corée du Sud + 大韓民国 + Corea del Sud + 韩国 +
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Sudão do Sul
+ Sudão do Sul + Zuid-Soedan +
Južni Sudan + سودان جنوبی + Südsudan + Sudán del Sur + Soudan du Sud + 南スーダン + Sudan del sud + 南苏丹 +
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Espanha
+ Espanha + Spanje +
Španjolska + اسپانیا + Spanien + España + Espagne + スペイン + Spagna + 西班牙 +
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Sri Lanka
+ Sri Lanka + Sri Lanka +
Šri Lanka + سری‌لانکا + Sri Lanka + Sri Lanka + Sri Lanka + スリランカ + Sri Lanka + 斯里兰卡 +
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Sudão
+ Sudão + Soedan +
Sudan + سودان + Sudan + Sudán + Soudan + スーダン + Sudan + 苏丹 +
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+ + Suriname + SUR + SR + 740 + 597 + Paramaribo + SRD + Surinamese dollar + $ + .sr + Suriname + Americas + South America + + America/Paramaribo + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + SRT + Suriname Time + + + 수리남 +
Suriname
+ Suriname + Suriname +
Surinam + سورینام + Suriname + Surinam + Surinam + スリナム + Suriname + 苏里南 +
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Svalbard
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Svalbard i Jan Mayen + سوالبارد و یان ماین + Svalbard und Jan Mayen + Islas Svalbard y Jan Mayen + Svalbard et Jan Mayen + スヴァールバル諸島およびヤンマイエン島 + Svalbard e Jan Mayen + 斯瓦尔巴和扬马延群岛 +
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Suazilândia
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Svazi + سوازیلند + Swasiland + Suazilandia + Swaziland + スワジランド + Swaziland + 斯威士兰 +
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Suécia
+ Suécia + Zweden +
Švedska + سوئد + Schweden + Suecia + Suède + スウェーデン + Svezia + 瑞典 +
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Suíça
+ Suíça + Zwitserland +
Švicarska + سوئیس + Schweiz + Suiza + Suisse + スイス + Svizzera + 瑞士 +
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Síria
+ Síria + Syrië +
Sirija + سوریه + Syrien + Siria + Syrie + シリア・アラブ共和国 + Siria + 叙利亚 +
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+ + Taiwan + TWN + TW + 158 + 886 + Taipei + TWD + New Taiwan dollar + $ + .tw + 臺灣 + Asia + Eastern Asia + + Asia/Taipei + 28800 + UTC+08:00 + CST + China Standard Time + + + 대만 +
Taiwan
+ Taiwan + Taiwan +
Tajvan + تایوان + Taiwan + Taiwán + Taïwan + 台湾(中華民国) + Taiwan + 中国台湾 +
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+ + Tajikistan + TJK + TJ + 762 + 992 + Dushanbe + TJS + Tajikistani somoni + SM + .tj + Тоҷикистон + Asia + Central Asia + + Asia/Dushanbe + 18000 + UTC+05:00 + TJT + Tajikistan Time + + + 타지키스탄 +
Tajiquistão
+ Tajiquistão + Tadzjikistan +
Tađikistan + تاجیکستان + Tadschikistan + Tayikistán + Tadjikistan + タジキスタン + Tagikistan + 塔吉克斯坦 +
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+ + Tanzania + TZA + TZ + 834 + 255 + Dodoma + TZS + Tanzanian shilling + TSh + .tz + Tanzania + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Africa/Dar_es_Salaam + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + EAT + East Africa Time + + + 탄자니아 +
Tanzânia
+ Tanzânia + Tanzania +
Tanzanija + تانزانیا + Tansania + Tanzania + Tanzanie + タンザニア + Tanzania + 坦桑尼亚 +
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+ + Thailand + THA + TH + 764 + 66 + Bangkok + THB + Thai baht + ฿ + .th + ประเทศไทย + Asia + South-Eastern Asia + + Asia/Bangkok + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + ICT + Indochina Time + + + 태국 +
Tailândia
+ Tailândia + Thailand +
Tajland + تایلند + Thailand + Tailandia + Thaïlande + タイ + Tailandia + 泰国 +
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+ + The Bahamas + BHS + BS + 044 + +1-242 + Nassau + BSD + Bahamian dollar + B$ + .bs + Bahamas + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Nassau + -18000 + UTC-05:00 + EST + Eastern Standard Time (North America) + + + 바하마 +
Bahamas
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Bahami + باهاما + Bahamas + Bahamas + Bahamas + バハマ + Bahamas + 巴哈马 +
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Togo
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Togo + توگو + Togo + Togo + Togo + トーゴ + Togo + 多哥 +
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Tokelau
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Tokelau + توکلائو + Tokelau + Islas Tokelau + Tokelau + トケラウ + Isole Tokelau + 托克劳 +
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Tonga
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Tonga + تونگا + Tonga + Tonga + Tonga + トンガ + Tonga + 汤加 +
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Trinidad e Tobago
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Trinidad i Tobago + ترینیداد و توباگو + Trinidad und Tobago + Trinidad y Tobago + Trinité et Tobago + トリニダード・トバゴ + Trinidad e Tobago + 特立尼达和多巴哥 +
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Tunísia
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Tunis + تونس + Tunesien + Túnez + Tunisie + チュニジア + Tunisia + 突尼斯 +
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Turquia
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Turska + ترکیه + Türkei + Turquía + Turquie + トルコ + Turchia + 土耳其 +
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Turcomenistão
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Turkmenistan + ترکمنستان + Turkmenistan + Turkmenistán + Turkménistan + トルクメニスタン + Turkmenistan + 土库曼斯坦 +
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Ilhas Turcas e Caicos
+ Ilhas Turcas e Caicos + Turks- en Caicoseilanden +
Otoci Turks i Caicos + جزایر تورکس و کایکوس + Turks- und Caicosinseln + Islas Turks y Caicos + Îles Turques-et-Caïques + タークス・カイコス諸島 + Isole Turks e Caicos + 特克斯和凯科斯群岛 +
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Tuvalu
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Tuvalu + تووالو + Tuvalu + Tuvalu + Tuvalu + ツバル + Tuvalu + 图瓦卢 +
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Uganda
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Uganda + اوگاندا + Uganda + Uganda + Uganda + ウガンダ + Uganda + 乌干达 +
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Estados Unidos
+ Estados Unidos + Verenigde Staten +
Sjedinjene Američke Države + ایالات متحده آمریکا + Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika + Estados Unidos + États-Unis + アメリカ合衆国 + Stati Uniti D'America + 美国 +
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Ilhas Menores Distantes dos Estados Unidos
+ Ilhas Menores Distantes dos Estados Unidos + Kleine afgelegen eilanden van de Verenigde Staten +
Mali udaljeni otoci SAD-a + جزایر کوچک حاشیه‌ای ایالات متحده آمریکا + Kleinere Inselbesitzungen der Vereinigten Staaten + Islas Ultramarinas Menores de Estados Unidos + Îles mineures éloignées des États-Unis + 合衆国領有小離島 + Isole minori esterne degli Stati Uniti d'America + 美国本土外小岛屿 +
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+ + Uruguay + URY + UY + 858 + 598 + Montevideo + UYU + Uruguayan peso + $ + .uy + Uruguay + Americas + South America + + America/Montevideo + -10800 + UTC-03:00 + UYT + Uruguay Standard Time + + + 우루과이 +
Uruguai
+ Uruguai + Uruguay +
Urugvaj + اروگوئه + Uruguay + Uruguay + Uruguay + ウルグアイ + Uruguay + 乌拉圭 +
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Uzbequistão
+ Usbequistão + Oezbekistan +
Uzbekistan + ازبکستان + Usbekistan + Uzbekistán + Ouzbékistan + ウズベキスタン + Uzbekistan + 乌兹别克斯坦 +
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Vanuatu
+ Vanuatu + Vanuatu +
Vanuatu + وانواتو + Vanuatu + Vanuatu + Vanuatu + バヌアツ + Vanuatu + 瓦努阿图 +
+ -16.00000000 + 167.00000000 + 🇻🇺 + U+1F1FB U+1F1FA + + 4775 + Malampa + MAP + -16.40114050 + 167.60778650 + + + 4773 + Penama + PAM + -15.37957580 + 167.90531820 + + + 4776 + Sanma + SAM + -15.48400170 + 166.91820970 + + + 4774 + Shefa + SEE + 32.80576500 + 35.16997100 + + + 4777 + Tafea + TAE + -18.72378270 + 169.06450560 + + + 4772 + Torba + TOB + 37.07653000 + 27.45657300 + +
+ + Vatican City State (Holy See) + VAT + VA + 336 + 379 + Vatican City + EUR + Euro + + .va + Vaticano + Europe + Southern Europe + + Europe/Vatican + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + CET + Central European Time + + + 바티칸 시국 +
Vaticano
+ Vaticano + Heilige Stoel +
Sveta Stolica + سریر مقدس + Heiliger Stuhl + Santa Sede + voir Saint + 聖座 + Santa Sede + 梵蒂冈 +
+ 41.90000000 + 12.45000000 + 🇻🇦 + U+1F1FB U+1F1E6 + +
+ + Venezuela + VEN + VE + 862 + 58 + Caracas + VEF + Bolívar + Bs + .ve + Venezuela + Americas + South America + + America/Caracas + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + VET + Venezuelan Standard Time + + + 베네수엘라 +
Venezuela
+ Venezuela + Venezuela +
Venezuela + ونزوئلا + Venezuela + Venezuela + Venezuela + ベネズエラ・ボリバル共和国 + Venezuela + 委内瑞拉 +
+ 8.00000000 + -66.00000000 + 🇻🇪 + U+1F1FB U+1F1EA + + 2044 + Amazonas + Z + -3.41684270 + -65.85606460 + state + + + 2050 + Anzoátegui + B + 8.59130730 + -63.95861110 + state + + + 4856 + Apure + C + 6.92694830 + -68.52471490 + state + + + 2047 + Aragua + D + 10.06357580 + -67.28478750 + state + + + 2049 + Barinas + E + 8.62314980 + -70.23710450 + state + + + 2039 + Bolívar + F + 37.61448380 + -93.41047490 + state + + + 2040 + Carabobo + G + 10.11764330 + -68.04775090 + state + + + 2034 + Cojedes + H + 9.38166820 + -68.33392750 + state + + + 2051 + Delta Amacuro + Y + 8.84993070 + -61.14031960 + state + + + 4855 + Distrito Capital + A + 41.26148460 + -95.93108070 + capital district + + + 2035 + Falcón + I + 11.18106740 + -69.85974060 + state + + + 2046 + Federal Dependencies of Venezuela + W + 10.93770530 + -65.35695730 + federal dependency + + + 2045 + Guárico + J + 8.74893090 + -66.23671720 + state + + + 2055 + La Guaira + X + 29.30522680 + -94.79138540 + state + + + 2038 + Lara + K + 33.98221650 + -118.13227470 + state + + + 2053 + Mérida + L + 20.96737020 + -89.59258570 + state + + + 2037 + Miranda + M + 42.35193830 + -71.52907660 + state + + + 2054 + Monagas + N + 9.32416520 + -63.01475780 + state + + + 2052 + Nueva Esparta + O + 10.99707230 + -63.91132960 + state + + + 2036 + Portuguesa + P + 9.09439990 + -69.09702300 + state + + + 2056 + Sucre + R + -19.03534500 + -65.25921280 + state + + + 2048 + Táchira + S + 7.91370010 + -72.14161320 + state + + + 2043 + Trujillo + T + 36.67343430 + -121.62875880 + state + + + 2041 + Yaracuy + U + 10.33938900 + -68.81088490 + state + + + 2042 + Zulia + V + 10.29102370 + -72.14161320 + state + +
+ + Vietnam + VNM + VN + 704 + 84 + Hanoi + VND + Vietnamese đồng + + .vn + Việt Nam + Asia + South-Eastern Asia + + Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh + 25200 + UTC+07:00 + ICT + Indochina Time + + + 베트남 +
Vietnã
+ Vietname + Vietnam +
Vijetnam + ویتنام + Vietnam + Vietnam + Viêt Nam + ベトナム + Vietnam + 越南 +
+ 16.16666666 + 107.83333333 + 🇻🇳 + U+1F1FB U+1F1F3 + + 3794 + An Giang + 44 + 10.52158360 + 105.12589550 + + + 3770 + Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu + 43 + 10.54173970 + 107.24299760 + + + 3815 + Bắc Giang + 54 + 21.28199210 + 106.19747690 + + + 3822 + Bắc Kạn + 53 + 22.30329230 + 105.87600400 + + + 3804 + Bạc Liêu + 55 + 9.29400270 + 105.72156630 + + + 3791 + Bắc Ninh + 56 + 21.12144400 + 106.11105010 + + + 3796 + Bến Tre + 50 + 10.24335560 + 106.37555100 + + + 3785 + Bình Dương + 57 + 11.32540240 + 106.47701700 + + + 3830 + Bình Định + 31 + 14.16653240 + 108.90268300 + + + 3797 + Bình Phước + 58 + 11.75118940 + 106.72346390 + + + 3787 + Bình Thuận + 40 + 11.09037030 + 108.07207810 + + + 3778 + Cà Mau + 59 + 9.15267280 + 105.19607950 + + + 4925 + Cần Thơ + CT + 10.03418510 + 105.72255070 + + + 3782 + Cao Bằng + 04 + 22.63568900 + 106.25221430 + + + 3806 + Đà Nẵng + DN + 16.05440680 + 108.20216670 + + + 3829 + Đắk Lắk + 33 + 12.71001160 + 108.23775190 + + + 3823 + Đắk Nông + 72 + 12.26464760 + 107.60980600 + + + 3773 + Điện Biên + 71 + 21.80423090 + 103.10765250 + + + 3821 + Đồng Nai + 39 + 11.06863050 + 107.16759760 + + + 3769 + Đồng Tháp + 45 + 10.49379890 + 105.68817880 + + + 3813 + Gia Lai + 30 + 13.80789430 + 108.10937500 + + + 3779 + Hà Giang + 03 + 22.80255880 + 104.97844940 + + + 3802 + Hà Nam + 63 + 20.58351960 + 105.92299000 + + + 3810 + Hà Nội + HN + 21.02776440 + 105.83415980 + + + 3816 + Hà Tĩnh + 23 + 18.35595370 + 105.88774940 + + + 3827 + Hải Dương + 61 + 20.93734130 + 106.31455420 + + + 3783 + Hải Phòng + HP + 20.84491150 + 106.68808410 + + + 3777 + Hậu Giang + 73 + 9.75789800 + 105.64125270 + + + 3811 + Hồ Chí Minh + SG + 10.82309890 + 106.62966380 + + + 3799 + Hòa Bình + 14 + 20.68612650 + 105.31311850 + + + 3768 + Hưng Yên + 66 + 20.85257110 + 106.01699710 + + + 3793 + Khánh Hòa + 34 + 12.25850980 + 109.05260760 + + + 3800 + Kiên Giang + 47 + 9.82495870 + 105.12589550 + + + 3772 + Kon Tum + 28 + 14.34974030 + 108.00046060 + + + 3825 + Lai Châu + 01 + 22.38622270 + 103.47026310 + + + 3818 + Lâm Đồng + 35 + 11.57527910 + 108.14286690 + + + 3792 + Lạng Sơn + 09 + 21.85370800 + 106.76151900 + + + 3817 + Lào Cai + 02 + 22.48094310 + 103.97549590 + + + 3808 + Long An + 41 + 10.56071680 + 106.64976230 + + + 3789 + Nam Định + 67 + 20.43882250 + 106.16210530 + + + 3780 + Nghệ An + 22 + 19.23424890 + 104.92003650 + + + 3786 + Ninh Bình + 18 + 20.25061490 + 105.97445360 + + + 3788 + Ninh Thuận + 36 + 11.67387670 + 108.86295720 + + + 3801 + Phú Thọ + 68 + 21.26844300 + 105.20455730 + + + 3824 + Phú Yên + 32 + 13.08818610 + 109.09287640 + + + 3809 + Quảng Bình + 24 + 17.61027150 + 106.34874740 + + + 3776 + Quảng Nam + 27 + 15.53935380 + 108.01910200 + + + 3828 + Quảng Ngãi + 29 + 15.12138730 + 108.80441450 + + + 3814 + Quảng Ninh + 13 + 21.00638200 + 107.29251440 + + + 3803 + Quảng Trị + 25 + 16.74030740 + 107.18546790 + + + 3819 + Sóc Trăng + 52 + 9.60252100 + 105.97390490 + + + 3812 + Sơn La + 05 + 21.10222840 + 103.72891670 + + + 3826 + Tây Ninh + 37 + 11.33515540 + 106.10988540 + + + 3775 + Thái Bình + 20 + 20.44634710 + 106.33658280 + + + 3807 + Thái Nguyên + 69 + 21.56715590 + 105.82520380 + + + 3771 + Thanh Hóa + 21 + 19.80669200 + 105.78518160 + + + 3798 + Thừa Thiên-Huế + 26 + 16.46739700 + 107.59053260 + + + 3781 + Tiền Giang + 46 + 10.44933240 + 106.34205040 + + + 3805 + Trà Vinh + 51 + 9.81274100 + 106.29929120 + + + 3795 + Tuyên Quang + 07 + 21.77672460 + 105.22801960 + + + 3790 + Vĩnh Long + 49 + 10.23957400 + 105.95719280 + + + 3774 + Vĩnh Phúc + 70 + 21.36088050 + 105.54743730 + + + 3784 + Yên Bái + 06 + 21.71676890 + 104.89858780 + +
+ + Virgin Islands (British) + VGB + VG + 092 + +1-284 + Road Town + USD + United States dollar + $ + .vg + British Virgin Islands + Americas + Caribbean + + America/Tortola + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 영국령 버진아일랜드 +
Ilhas Virgens Britânicas
+ Ilhas Virgens Britânicas + Britse Maagdeneilanden +
Britanski Djevičanski Otoci + جزایر ویرجین بریتانیا + Britische Jungferninseln + Islas Vírgenes del Reino Unido + Îles Vierges britanniques + イギリス領ヴァージン諸島 + Isole Vergini Britanniche + 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 +
+ 18.43138300 + -64.62305000 + 🇻🇬 + U+1F1FB U+1F1EC + +
+ + Virgin Islands (US) + VIR + VI + 850 + +1-340 + Charlotte Amalie + USD + United States dollar + $ + .vi + United States Virgin Islands + Americas + Caribbean + + America/St_Thomas + -14400 + UTC-04:00 + AST + Atlantic Standard Time + + + 미국령 버진아일랜드 +
Ilhas Virgens Americanas
+ Ilhas Virgens Americanas + Verenigde Staten Maagdeneilanden + جزایر ویرجین آمریکا + Amerikanische Jungferninseln + Islas Vírgenes de los Estados Unidos + Îles Vierges des États-Unis + アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島 + Isole Vergini americane + 维尔京群岛(美国) +
+ 18.34000000 + -64.93000000 + 🇻🇮 + U+1F1FB U+1F1EE + +
+ + Wallis And Futuna Islands + WLF + WF + 876 + 681 + Mata Utu + XPF + CFP franc + + .wf + Wallis et Futuna + Oceania + Polynesia + + Pacific/Wallis + 43200 + UTC+12:00 + WFT + Wallis & Futuna Time + + + 왈리스 푸투나 +
Wallis e Futuna
+ Wallis e Futuna + Wallis en Futuna +
Wallis i Fortuna + والیس و فوتونا + Wallis und Futuna + Wallis y Futuna + Wallis-et-Futuna + ウォリス・フツナ + Wallis e Futuna + 瓦利斯群岛和富图纳群岛 +
+ -13.30000000 + -176.20000000 + 🇼🇫 + U+1F1FC U+1F1EB + +
+ + Western Sahara + ESH + EH + 732 + 212 + El-Aaiun + MAD + Moroccan Dirham + MAD + .eh + الصحراء الغربية + Africa + Northern Africa + + Africa/El_Aaiun + 3600 + UTC+01:00 + WEST + Western European Summer Time + + + 서사하라 +
Saara Ocidental
+ Saara Ocidental + Westelijke Sahara +
Zapadna Sahara + جمهوری دموکراتیک عربی صحرا + Westsahara + Sahara Occidental + Sahara Occidental + 西サハラ + Sahara Occidentale + 西撒哈拉 +
+ 24.50000000 + -13.00000000 + 🇪🇭 + U+1F1EA U+1F1ED + +
+ + Yemen + YEM + YE + 887 + 967 + Sanaa + YER + Yemeni rial + + .ye + اليَمَن + Asia + Western Asia + + Asia/Aden + 10800 + UTC+03:00 + AST + Arabia Standard Time + + + 예멘 +
Iêmen
+ Iémen + Jemen +
Jemen + یمن + Jemen + Yemen + Yémen + イエメン + Yemen + 也门 +
+ 15.00000000 + 48.00000000 + 🇾🇪 + U+1F1FE U+1F1EA + + 1242 + 'Adan Governorate + AD + 12.82574810 + 44.79438040 + + + 1250 + 'Amran Governorate + AM + 16.25692140 + 43.94367880 + + + 1237 + Abyan Governorate + AB + 13.63434130 + 46.05632120 + + + 1240 + Al Bayda' Governorate + BA + 14.35886620 + 45.44980650 + + + 1241 + Al Hudaydah Governorate + HU + 15.30530720 + 43.01948970 + + + 1243 + Al Jawf Governorate + JA + 16.79018190 + 45.29938620 + + + 1251 + Al Mahrah Governorate + MR + 16.52384230 + 51.68342750 + + + 1235 + Al Mahwit Governorate + MW + 15.39632290 + 43.56069460 + + + 1246 + Dhamar Governorate + DH + 14.71953440 + 44.24790150 + + + 1238 + Hadhramaut Governorate + HD + 16.93041350 + 49.36531490 + + + 1244 + Hajjah Governorate + HJ + 16.11806310 + 43.32946600 + + + 1233 + Ibb Governorate + IB + 14.14157170 + 44.24790150 + + + 1245 + Lahij Governorate + LA + 13.14895880 + 44.85054950 + + + 1234 + Ma'rib Governorate + MA + 15.51588800 + 45.44980650 + + + 1248 + Raymah Governorate + RA + 14.62776820 + 43.71424840 + + + 1249 + Saada Governorate + SD + 16.84765280 + 43.94367880 + + + 1232 + Sana'a + SA + 15.36944510 + 44.19100660 + + + 1236 + Sana'a Governorate + SN + 15.31689130 + 44.47480180 + + + 1247 + Shabwah Governorate + SH + 14.75463030 + 46.51626200 + + + 1239 + Socotra Governorate + SU + 12.46342050 + 53.82373850 + + + 1231 + Ta'izz Governorate + TA + 13.57758860 + 44.01779890 + +
+ + Zambia + ZMB + ZM + 894 + 260 + Lusaka + ZMW + Zambian kwacha + ZK + .zm + Zambia + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Africa/Lusaka + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + CAT + Central Africa Time + + + 잠비아 +
Zâmbia
+ Zâmbia + Zambia +
Zambija + زامبیا + Sambia + Zambia + Zambie + ザンビア + Zambia + 赞比亚 +
+ -15.00000000 + 30.00000000 + 🇿🇲 + U+1F1FF U+1F1F2 + + 1986 + Central Province + 02 + 7.25649960 + 80.72144170 + + + 1984 + Copperbelt Province + 08 + -13.05700730 + 27.54958460 + + + 1991 + Eastern Province + 03 + 23.16696880 + 49.36531490 + + + 1987 + Luapula Province + 04 + -11.56483100 + 29.04599270 + + + 1988 + Lusaka Province + 09 + -15.36571290 + 29.23207840 + + + 1989 + Muchinga Province + 10 + -15.38219300 + 28.26158000 + + + 1982 + Northern Province + 05 + 8.88550270 + 80.27673270 + + + 1985 + Northwestern Province + 06 + -13.00502580 + 24.90422080 + + + 1990 + Southern Province + 07 + 6.23737500 + 80.54384500 + + + 1983 + Western Province + 01 + 6.90160860 + 80.00877460 + +
+ + Zimbabwe + ZWE + ZW + 716 + 263 + Harare + ZWL + Zimbabwe Dollar + $ + .zw + Zimbabwe + Africa + Eastern Africa + + Africa/Harare + 7200 + UTC+02:00 + CAT + Central Africa Time + + + 짐바브웨 +
Zimbabwe
+ Zimbabué + Zimbabwe +
Zimbabve + زیمباوه + Simbabwe + Zimbabue + Zimbabwe + ジンバブエ + Zimbabwe + 津巴布韦 +
+ -20.00000000 + 30.00000000 + 🇿🇼 + U+1F1FF U+1F1FC + + 1956 + Bulawayo Province + BU + -20.14895050 + 28.53310380 + + + 1958 + Harare Province + HA + -17.82162880 + 31.04922590 + + + 1959 + Manicaland + MA + -18.92163860 + 32.17460500 + + + 1955 + Mashonaland Central Province + MC + -16.76442950 + 31.07937050 + + + 1951 + Mashonaland East Province + ME + -18.58716420 + 31.26263660 + + + 1953 + Mashonaland West Province + MW + -17.48510290 + 29.78892480 + + + 1960 + Masvingo Province + MV + -20.62415090 + 31.26263660 + + + 1954 + Matabeleland North Province + MN + -18.53315660 + 27.54958460 + + + 1952 + Matabeleland South Province + MS + -21.05233700 + 29.04599270 + + + 1957 + Midlands Province + MI + -19.05520090 + 29.60354950 + +
+
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/resources/kotlin-article.xml b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/resources/kotlin-article.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8f5f7e2c5f --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/resources/kotlin-article.xml @@ -0,0 +1,569 @@ + + + Wikipedia + enwiki + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page + MediaWiki 1.38.0-wmf.25 + first-letter + + Media + Special + + Talk + User + User talk + Wikipedia + Wikipedia talk + File + File talk + MediaWiki + MediaWiki talk + Template + Template talk + Help + Help talk + Category + Category talk + Portal + Portal talk + Draft + Draft talk + TimedText + TimedText talk + Module + Module talk + Gadget + Gadget talk + Gadget definition + Gadget definition talk + + + + Kotlin (programming language) + 0 + 41819039 + + 1070905187 + 1067938317 + 2022-02-09T22:14:23Z + + Comp.arch + 18779361 + + 1.6.20-M1 + wikitext + text/x-wiki + {{Short description|General-purpose programming language}} +{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} +{{Infobox programming language +| name = Kotlin +| logo = Kotlin logo 2021.svg +| logo size = 180px +| paradigm = [[Multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]: [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], [[Block (programming)|block structured]], [[Declarative programming|declarative]], [[Generic programming|generic]], [[Reflection (computer programming)|reflective]], [[Concurrent computing|concurrent]] +| family = +| released = {{Start date and age|2011|07|22|df=no}} +| designer = [[JetBrains]] +| developer = JetBrains +| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|P348}} +| latest release date = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}|df=no}} +| latest preview version = 1.6.20-M1<ref>{{Cite web|title=Preview of Kotlin 1.6.20 With Prototype of Context Receivers, Parallel Compilation on JVM, Incremental Compilation in JS, and More {{!}} The Kotlin Blog|url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2022/02/kotlin-1-6-20-m1-released/|access-date=2022-02-09|website=The JetBrains Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> +| latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2022|02|08|df=no}} +| typing = [[Type inference|Inferred]], [[static typing|static]], [[strong typing|strong]] +| implementations = +| dialects = +| influenced by = {{Hlist|[[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]|[[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]|[[Gosu (programming language)|Gosu]]|[[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]]|[[Java (programming language)|Java]]|[[JavaScript]]|[[ML (programming language)|ML]]|[[Python (programming language)|Python]]|[[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]}} +| platform = * [[Android (operating system)|Android]] +* [[Java virtual machine|JVM]] +* [[iOS]] +* [[macOS]] (incl. [[Apple silicon]] support) +* [[watchOS]] +* [[tvOS]] +* [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] +* [[Linux]] +* [[JavaScript]] ([https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/js-overview.html Kotlin/JS]) +* [[WebAssembly]] +* [[LLVM]] ([https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/native-overview.html Kotlin/Native]) +| operating system = [[Cross-platform software|Cross-platform]] +| license = [[Apache License 2.0]] +| file_ext = .kt, .kts, .ktm +| website = {{official URL}} +| wikibooks = +| caption = +}} + +'''Kotlin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|t|l|ɪ|n}})<ref name="pronunciation">{{cite web |url = https://discuss.kotlinlang.org/t/what-is-the-correct-english-pronunciation-of-kotlin/2050 +|title = What is the correct English pronunciation of Kotlin? |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> is a [[cross-platform software|cross-platform]], [[static typing|statically typed]], [[general-purpose programming language|general-purpose]] [[programming language]] with [[type inference]]. Kotlin is designed to interoperate fully with [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and the [[Java virtual machine|JVM]] version of Kotlin's [[standard library]] depends on the [[Java Class Library]],<ref name="kotlin_stdlib">{{cite web|title=kotlin-stdlib|url=https://kotlinlang.org/api/latest/jvm/stdlib/index.html|website=kotlinlang.org|access-date=20 April 2018|publisher=JetBrains}}</ref> but type inference allows its [[syntax (programming languages)|syntax]] to be more concise. Kotlin mainly targets the JVM, but also compiles to [[JavaScript]] (e.g., for frontend web applications using [[React (web framework)|React]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kotlin for JavaScript - Kotlin Programming Language|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/js-overview.html|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Kotlin|language=en}}</ref>) or [[machine code|native code]] via [[LLVM]] (e.g., for native [[iOS]] apps sharing [[business logic]] with [[Android (operating system)|Android]] apps).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kotlin for cross-platform mobile development|url=https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/mobilecrossplatform/|access-date=2020-08-20|website=JetBrains: Developer Tools for Professionals and Teams|language=en}}</ref> Language development costs are borne by [[JetBrains]], while the Kotlin Foundation protects the Kotlin trademark.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kotlinlang.org/foundation/kotlin-foundation.html|title=Kotlin Foundation - Kotlin Programming Language|website=Kotlin}}</ref> + +On 7 May 2019, Google announced that the Kotlin programming language is now its preferred language for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] app developers.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2019/05/07/kotlin-is-now-googles-preferred-language-for-android-app-development/|title=Kotlin is now Google's preferred language for Android app development|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref> Since the release of [[Android Studio]] 3.0 in October 2017, Kotlin has been included as an alternative to the standard Java compiler. The Android Kotlin compiler produces Java 8 bytecode by default (which runs in any later JVM), but lets the programmer choose to target Java 9 up to 17, for optimization,<ref name="kotlin-faq">{{cite web |url = https://kotlinlang.org/docs/faq.html#which-versions-of-jvm-does-kotlin-target +|title = Kotlin FAQ |quote = Kotlin lets you choose the version of JVM for execution. By default, the Kotlin/JVM compiler produces Java 8 compatible bytecode. If you want to make use of optimizations available in newer versions of Java, you can explicitly specify the target Java version from 9 to 17. Note that in this case the resulting bytecode might not run on lower versions. |accessdate=2021-08-26}}</ref> or allows for more features; has bidirectional [[Record (computer science)|record class]] interoperability support for JVM, introduced in Java 16, considered stable as of Kotlin 1.5. + +Kotlin support for compilation directly to JavaScript (i.e., the classic back-end) is considered stable since version 1.3, while the new Kotlin/JS(IR) is in beta as of version 1.5.30. The new optimized implementations of Kotlin/JVM(IR) and Kotlin/JS ([[Intermediate representation|IR]]-based) were introduced in version 1.4. Kotlin/JVM(IR) is considered stable and enabled by default since version 1.5. Kotlin/Native (for e.g. Apple silicon support) is considered beta since version 1.3.<ref name=stability>{{Cite web|title=Stability of Kotlin Components |url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/components-stability.html |access-date=July 29, 2021 |date=May 21, 2021 |website=Kotlin}}</ref><ref name=whatsnew150>{{Cite web|title=Kotlin 1.5.0 – the First Big Release of 2021 |url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2021/05/kotlin-1-5-0-released/ |access-date=July 29, 2021 |date=May 4, 2021 |website=Kotlin}}</ref> + +==History== + +[[File:Kotlin Mascot 2D no. 1.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|A 2D picture of Kotlin mascot]] +[[File:Kotlin Mascot 3D no. 5.png|thumb|upright=0.5|A 3D picture of Kotlin mascot]] + +In July 2011, [[JetBrains]] unveiled Project Kotlin, a new language for the JVM, which had been under development for a year.<ref name="announce">{{cite web |url = https://www.infoworld.com/d/application-development/jetbrains-readies-jvm-based-language-167875 |website = [[InfoWorld]] |first = Paul |last = Krill |title = JetBrains readies JVM language Kotlin |date = 22 July 2011 |access-date = 2 February 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190907161741/https://www.infoworld.com/article/2622405/jetbrains-readies-jvm-based-language.html |archive-date = 7 September 2019 |url-status = live }}</ref> JetBrains lead Dmitry Jemerov said that most languages did not have the features they were looking for, with the exception of [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]. However, he cited the slow [[compiler|compilation]] time of Scala as a deficiency.<ref name="announce"/> One of the stated goals of Kotlin is to compile as quickly as Java. In February 2012, JetBrains open sourced the project under the [[Apache license|Apache 2 license]].<ref name="open source">{{cite web |url = https://adtmag.com/articles/2012/02/22/kotlin-goes-open-source.aspx |title = Kotlin Goes Open Source |first = John |last = Waters |date = 22 February 2012 |access-date = 2 February 2014 |website = ADTmag.com |publisher = 1105 Enterprise Computing Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218225151/https://adtmag.com/articles/2012/02/22/kotlin-goes-open-source.aspx |archive-date=18 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> + +The name comes from [[Kotlin Island]], near [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]. [[Andrey Breslav]] mentioned that the team decided to name it after an island, just like Java was named after the Indonesian island of [[Java]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Mobius|title=Андрей Бреслав — Kotlin для Android: коротко и ясно|date=8 January 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VU_L2_XGQ9s|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref> (though the programming language Java was perhaps named after the coffee rather than the island).<ref>{{cite web|author=Kieron Murphy|title=So why did they decide to call it Java?|url=https://www.javaworld.com/article/2077265/core-java/so-why-did-they-decide-to-call-it-java-.html|date=4 October 1996|website=[[JavaWorld]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315171946/http://www.javaworld.com/article/2077265/so-why-did-they-decide-to-call-it-java-.html|archive-date=15 March 2019|url-status=live|access-date=14 October 2017}}</ref> + +JetBrains hopes that the new language will drive [[IntelliJ IDEA]] sales.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2011/08/why-jetbrains-needs-kotlin/ |title = Why JetBrains needs Kotlin |quote = we expect Kotlin to drive the sales of IntelliJ IDEA }}</ref> + +Kotlin 1.0 was released on February 15, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2016/02/kotlin-1-0-released-pragmatic-language-for-jvm-and-android/ |title = Kotlin 1.0 Released: Pragmatic Language for JVM and Android &#124; Kotlin Blog |website = Blog.jetbrains.com |date = 15 February 2016 |access-date = 11 April 2017 }}</ref> This is considered to be the first officially stable release and JetBrains has committed to long-term backwards compatibility starting with this version. + +At [[Google I/O]] 2017, Google announced first-class support for Kotlin on [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref name="kotlin-android">{{cite web |url = https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2017/05/kotlin-on-android-now-official/ |title = Kotlin on Android. Now official |first = Maxim |last = Shafirov |quote = Today, at the Google I/O keynote, the Android team announced first-class support for Kotlin. |date = 17 May 2017 }}</ref> + +Kotlin 1.2 was released on November 28, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2017/11/kotlin-1-2-released/ |title = Kotlin 1.2 Released: Sharing Code between Platforms &#124; Kotlin Blog |website = blog.jetbrains.com |date = 28 November 2017 }}</ref> Sharing code between JVM and JavaScript platforms feature was newly added to this release (as of version 1.4 multiplatform programming is an [[Software release life cycle#Alpha|alpha]] feature<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/multiplatform.html|title=Multiplatform Projects - Kotlin Programming Language|quote=Working on all platforms is an explicit goal for Kotlin, but we see it as a premise to a much more important goal: sharing code between platforms. With support for JVM, Android, JavaScript, iOS, Linux, Windows, Mac and even embedded systems like STM32, Kotlin can handle any and all components of a modern application.|website=Kotlin|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> upgraded from "experimental"). A [[full-stack]] demo has been made with the new Kotlin/JS Gradle Plugin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kotlin/kotlin-full-stack-application-demo|date=3 April 2020|url=https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlin-full-stack-application-demo|publisher=Kotlin|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-37029|title=Kotlin full stack app demo: update all involving versions to work with 1.3.70 release|website=youtrack.jetbrains.com|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> + +Kotlin 1.3 was released on October 29, 2018, bringing coroutines for asynchronous programming. + +On May 7, 2019, Google announced that the Kotlin programming language is now its preferred language for Android app developers.<ref name="auto"/> + +Kotlin 1.4 was released in August 2020, with e.g. some slight changes to the support for Apple's platforms, i.e. to the [[Objective-C]]/[[Swift (programming language)|Swift]] [[interoperability|interop]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What's New in Kotlin 1.4 - Kotlin Programming Language|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/whatsnew14.html|quote=In 1.4.0, we slightly change the Swift API generated from Kotlin with respect to the way exceptions are translated.|access-date=2020-08-20|website=Kotlin|language=en}}</ref> + +Kotlin 1.5 was released in May 2021. + +Kotlin 1.6 was released in November 2021. + +==Design== +Development lead Andrey Breslav has said that Kotlin is designed to be an industrial-strength [[object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] language, and a "better language" than [[Java (programming language)|Java]], but still be fully interoperable with Java code, allowing companies to make a gradual migration from Java to Kotlin.<ref name="interview">{{cite web |title = JVM Languages Report extended interview with Kotlin creator Andrey Breslav |url = https://zeroturnaround.com/rebellabs/jvm-languages-report-extended-interview-with-kotlin-creator-andrey-breslav/ |website = Zeroturnaround.com |date = 22 April 2013 |access-date = 2 February 2014 }}</ref> + +[[Semicolon]]s are optional as a [[Statement (computer science)|statement]] [[Statement terminator#Statements|terminator]]; in most cases a [[newline]] is sufficient for the [[compiler]] to deduce that the statement has ended.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/Kotlin/Grammar#Grammar-Semicolons |title = Semicolons |website = jetbrains.com |access-date = 8 February 2014 }}</ref> + +Kotlin [[Variable (computer science)|variable]] declarations and [[Parameter (computer programming)|parameter lists]] have the [[data type]] come after the variable name (and with a [[Colon (punctuation)|colon]] separator), similar to [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[BASIC]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], [[TypeScript]] and [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]. This, according to an article from Roman Elizarov, current project lead, results in alignment of variable names and is more pleasing to eyes especially when there are a few variable declarations in succession and one or more of the types is too complex for type inference or needs to be declared explicitly for human readers to understand.<ref>{{cite web|title=Types are moving to the right|url=https://elizarov.medium.com/types-are-moving-to-the-right-22c0ef31dd4a#:~:text=Woot!%20That%E2%80%99s%20nice%20and%20aligns,%20pleasure%20for%20our%20eyes%20to%20see.|website=Medium|date = 16 July 2020|publisher=Medium|access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Roman Elizarov is the new Project Lead for Kotlin|url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2020/11/roman-elizarov-is-the-new-project-lead-for-kotlin/|website=The Kotlin Blog|publisher=JetBrains|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> + +Variables in Kotlin can be read-only, declared with the {{mono|val}} keyword, or [[Immutable object|mutable]], declared with the {{mono|var}} keyword.<ref name="Basic Syntax">{{cite web|title=Basic Syntax|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/basic-syntax.html#defining-variables|website=Kotlin|publisher=Jetbrains|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> + +Class members are public by default, and classes themselves are final by default, meaning that creating a derived class is disabled unless the base class is declared with the {{mono|open}} keyword. + +In addition to the [[class (computer programming)|classes]] and [[Method (computer programming)|member functions]] (which are equivalent to methods) of object-oriented programming, Kotlin also supports [[procedural programming]] with the use of [[function (computer science)|functions]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/Kotlin/Functions |title = functions |website = jetbrains.com |access-date = 8 February 2014 }}</ref> +Kotlin functions and constructors support [[default argument]]s, [[variadic function|variable-length argument]] lists, [[Named parameter|named argument]]s and overloading by unique signature. Class member functions are virtual, i.e. dispatched based on the runtime type of the object they are called on. + +Kotlin 1.3 adds support for contracts,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/whatsnew13.html|title=What's New in Kotlin 1.3 - Kotlin Programming Language|website=Kotlin|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> which are stable for the standard library declarations, but still experimental for user-defined declarations. Contracts are inspired by [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel's]] [[design by contract]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://discuss.kotlinlang.org/t/design-by-contract-dbc-design-considerations/1321|title=Design by Contract (DbC) design considerations|quote=Implement the full semantics of Eiffel DbC and improve upon it.|date=16 August 2012|website=Kotlin Discussions|language=en-US|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> programming paradigm. + +According to Kotlin developers, you can call [[JavaScript]] code from Kotlin, e.g. write full, type-safe [[React (JavaScript library)|React]] applications, or write and maintain full-stack web applications sharing validation logic with the frontend, or you can "generate libraries from your Kotlin code that can be consumed as modules from any code base written in JavaScript or [[TypeScript]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kotlin for JavaScript {{!}} Kotlin|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/js-overview.html#use-cases-for-kotlin-js|date=21 January 2021<!-- 11 February 2021 -->|access-date=2021-03-19|website=Kotlin Help|language=en-US}}</ref> + +==Syntax== + +===Procedural programming style=== +Kotlin relaxes Java's restriction of allowing [[Static (keyword)|static]] methods and variables to exist only within a class body. Static objects and functions can be defined at the top level of the package without needing a redundant class level. For compatibility with Java, Kotlin provides a <code>JvmName</code> annotation which specifies a class name used when the package is viewed from a Java project. For example, <code>@file:JvmName("JavaClassName")</code>. + +===Main entry point=== +As in [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], Java, and [[Go (programming language)|Go]], the [[entry point]] to a Kotlin [[Computer program|program]] is a function named "main", which may be passed an array containing any [[Command-line interface|command-line]] arguments. This is optional since Kotlin 1.3.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://play.kotlinlang.org/byExample/01_introduction/01_Hello%20world |title = Kotlin Examples: Learn Kotlin Programming By Example}}</ref> [[Perl]], [[PHP]] and [[Unix shell]] style [[string interpolation]] is supported. [[Type inference]] is also supported. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> + +// Hello, World! example +fun main() { + val scope = "World" + println("Hello, $scope!") +} + +fun main(args: Array<String>) { + for (arg in args) + println(arg) +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Extension functions=== + +Similar to C#, Kotlin allows adding an [[extension function]] to any class without the formalities of creating a derived class with new functions. An extension function has access to all the public interface of a class, which it can use to create a new function interface to a target class. An extension function will appear exactly like a function of the class and will be shown in code completion inspection of class functions. For example: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +package MyStringExtensions + +fun String.lastChar(): Char = get(length - 1) + +>>> println("Kotlin".lastChar()) +</syntaxhighlight> + +By placing the preceding code in the top-level of a package, the String class is extended to include a {{code|lastChar}} function that was not included in the original definition of the String class. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// Overloading '+' operator using an extension function +operator fun Point.plus(other: Point): Point { + return Point(x + other.x, y + other.y) +} + +>>> val p1 = Point(10, 20) +>>> val p2 = Point(30, 40) +>>> println(p1 + p2) +Point(x=40, y=60) +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Unpack arguments with spread operator=== +Similar to Python, the spread operator asterisk (*) unpacks an array's contents as comma-separated arguments to a function: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +fun main(args: Array<String>) { + val list = listOf("args: ", *args) + println(list) +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Destructuring declarations=== +{{Distinguish|Destructor (computer programming)|text=the [[Destructor (computer programming)|destructor]] method common in object-oriented languages}} +''Destructuring declarations'' decompose an object into multiple variables at once, e.g. a 2D coordinate object might be ''destructured'' into two integers, x and y. + +For example, the {{Code|code=Map.Entry}} object supports destructuring to simplify access to its key and value fields: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +for ((key, value) in map) + println("$key: $value") +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Nested functions=== +Kotlin allows local functions to be declared inside of other functions or methods. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +class User(val id: Int, val name: String, val address: String) + +fun saveUserToDb(user: User) { + fun validate(user: User, value: String, fieldName: String) { + require(value.isNotEmpty()) { "Can't save user ${user.id}: empty $fieldName" } + } + + validate(user, user.name, "Name") + validate(user, user.address, "Address") + // Save user to the database + ... +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Classes are final by default=== +In Kotlin, to derive a new class from a base class type, the base class needs to be explicitly marked as "open". This is in contrast to most object-oriented languages such as Java where classes are open by default. + +Example of a base class that is open to deriving a new subclass from it. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// open on the class means this class will allow derived classes +open class MegaButton { + + // no-open on a function means that + // polymorphic behavior disabled if function overridden in derived class + fun disable() { ... } + + // open on a function means that + // polymorphic behavior allowed if function is overridden in derived class + open fun animate() { ... } +} + +class GigaButton: MegaButton { + + // Explicit use of override keyword required to override a function in derived class + override fun animate() { println("Giga Click!") } +} + +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Abstract classes are open by default=== +[[Abstract class]]es define abstract or "pure virtual" placeholder functions that will be defined in a derived class. Abstract classes are open by default. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// No need for the open keyword here, it’s already open by default +abstract class Animated { + + // This virtual function is already open by default as well + abstract fun animate() + + open fun stopAnimating() { } + + fun animateTwice() { } +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Classes are public by default=== +Kotlin provides the following keywords to restrict visibility for top-level declaration, such as classes, and for class members: <code>public</code>, <code>internal</code>, <code>protected</code>, and <code>private</code>. + +When applied to a class member: +{| class="wikitable" +! Keyword !! Visibility +|- +| <code>public</code> (default) || Everywhere +|- +| <code>internal</code> || Within a module +|- +| <code>protected</code> || Within subclasses +|- +| <code>private</code> || Within a class +|} + +When applied to a top-level declaration: +{| class="wikitable" +! Keyword !! Visibility +|- +| <code>public</code> (default) || Everywhere +|- +| <code>internal</code> || Within a module +|- +| <code>private</code> || Within a file +|} + +Example: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// Class is visible only to current module +internal open class TalkativeButton : Focusable { + // method is only visible to current class + private fun yell() = println("Hey!") + + // method is visible to current class and derived classes + protected fun whisper() = println("Let's talk!") +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Primary constructor vs. secondary constructors=== +Kotlin supports the specification of a "primary constructor" as part of the class definition itself, consisting of an argument list following the class name. This argument list supports an expanded syntax on Kotlin's standard function argument lists, that enables declaration of class properties in the primary constructor, including visibility, extensibility and mutability attributes. Additionally, when defining a subclass, properties in super-interfaces and super-classes can be overridden in the primary constructor. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// Example of class using primary constructor syntax +// (Only one constructor required for this class) +open class PowerUser( + protected val nickname: String, + final override var isSubscribed: Boolean = true) + : User(...) { + ... +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +However, in cases where more than one constructor is needed for a class, a more general constructor can be used called '''secondary constructor syntax''' which closely resembles the constructor syntax used in most object-oriented languages like C++, C#, and Java. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// Example of class using secondary constructor syntax +// (more than one constructor required for this class) +class MyButton : View { + + // Constructor #1 + constructor(ctx: Context) : super(ctx) { + // ... + } + + // Constructor #2 + constructor(ctx: Context, attr: AttributeSet) : super(ctx, attr) { + // ... + } +} +</syntaxhighlight> +===Sealed classes=== +The Sealed classes and interfaces restrict the subclass hierarchies, meaning more control over the inheritance hierarchy. + +Declaration of sealed interface and class: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +sealed interface Expr +sealed class Job +</syntaxhighlight> +All the subclasses of the sealed class are defined at compile time. +No new subclasses can be added to it after the compilation of the module having the sealed class. +For example, a sealed class in a compiled jar file cannot be subclassed. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +sealed class Vehicle +data class Car(val brandName: String, val owner: String, val color: String): Vehicle() +class Bike(val brandName: String, val owner: String, val color: String): Vehicle() +class Tractor(val brandName: String, val owner: String, val color: String): Vehicle() +val kiaCar = Car("KIA", "John", "Blue") +val hyundaiCar = Car("Hyundai", "Britto", "Green") + +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Data classes=== +Kotlin's <code>data class</code> construct defines classes whose primary purpose is storing data. This construct is similar to normal classes except that the key functions <code>equals</code>, <code>toString</code>, and <code>hashCode</code> are automatically generated from the class properties. In Java, such classes are expected to provide a standard assortment of functions such as those. Data classes are not required to declare any methods, though each must have at least one property. A data class often is written without a body, though it is possible to give a data class any methods or secondary constructors that are valid for any other class. The <code>data</code> keyword is used before the <code>class</code> keyword to define a data class.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.callicoder.com/kotlin-data-classes/|title=Introduction to Data Classes in Kotlin}}</ref> + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +fun main(args: Array) { + // create a data class object like any other class object + var book1 = Book("Kotlin Programming", 250) + println(book1) + // output: Book(name=Kotlin Programming, price=250) +} + +// data class with parameters and their optional default values +data class Book(val name: String = "", val price: Int = 0) +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Kotlin interactive shell=== +<syntaxhighlight lang="pycon"> +$ kotlinc-jvm +type :help for help; :quit for quit +>>> 2 + 2 +4 +>>> println("Hello, World!") +Hello, World! +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Kotlin as a scripting language=== +Kotlin can also be used as a scripting language. A script is a Kotlin source file (.kts) with top level executable code. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// list_folders.kts +import java.io.File +val folders = File(args[0]).listFiles { file -> file.isDirectory() } +folders?.forEach(::println) +</syntaxhighlight> + +Scripts can be run by passing the <code>-script</code> option and the corresponding script file to the compiler. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> +$ kotlinc -script list_folders.kts "path_to_folder_to_inspect" +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Null safety=== +Kotlin makes a distinction between [[nullable]] and non-nullable data types. All nullable objects must be declared with a "?" postfix after the type name. Operations on nullable objects need special care from developers: null-check must be performed before using the value. Kotlin provides null-safe operators to help developers: + +* {{mono|?.}} ([[safe navigation operator]]) can be used to safely access a method or property of a possibly null object. If the object is null, the method will not be called and the expression evaluates to null. +* {{mono|?:}} ([[null coalescing operator]]) often referred to as the [[Elvis operator]]: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +fun sayHello(maybe: String?, neverNull: Int) { + // use of elvis operator + val name: String = maybe ?: "stranger" + println("Hello $name") +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +An example of the use of the safe navigation operator: + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// returns null if... +// - foo() returns null, +// - or if foo() is non-null, but bar() returns null, +// - or if foo() and bar() are non-null, but baz() returns null. +// vice versa, return value is non-null if and only if foo(), bar() and baz() are non-null +foo()?.bar()?.baz() +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Lambdas=== +Kotlin provides support for [[higher-order function]]s and [[anonymous functions]] or lambdas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Higher-Order Functions and Lambdas|url=https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/lambdas.html|website=Kotlin|publisher=Jetbrains|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref> + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// the following function takes a lambda, f, and executes f passing it the string "lambda" +// note that (String) -> Unit indicates a lambda with a String parameter and Unit return type +fun executeLambda(f: (String) -> Unit) { + f("lambda") +} +</syntaxhighlight> + +Lambdas are declared using braces, {{mono|{ } }}. If a lambda takes parameters, they are declared within the braces and followed by the {{mono|->}} operator. + +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +// the following statement defines a lambda that takes a single parameter and passes it to the println function +val l = { c : Any? -> println(c) } +// lambdas with no parameters may simply be defined using { } +val l2 = { print("no parameters") } +</syntaxhighlight> + +===Complex "hello world" example=== +<syntaxhighlight lang="kotlin" line="1"> +fun main(args: Array<String>) { + greet { + to.place + }.print() +} + +// Inline higher-order functions +inline fun greet(s: () -> String) : String = greeting andAnother s() + +// Infix functions, extensions, type inference, nullable types, +// lambda expressions, labeled this, Elvis operator (?:) +infix fun String.andAnother(other : Any?) = buildString() +{ + append(this@andAnother); append(" "); append(other ?: "") +} + +// Immutable types, delegated properties, lazy initialization, string templates +val greeting by lazy { val doubleEl: String = "ll"; "he${doubleEl}o" } + +// Sealed classes, companion objects +sealed class to { companion object { val place = "world"} } + +// Extensions, Unit +fun String.print() = println(this) +</syntaxhighlight> + +==Tools== +* [[IntelliJ IDEA]] has plug-in support for Kotlin.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6954-kotlin |title = Kotlin :: JetBrains Plugin Repository |website = Plugins.jetbrains.com |date = 31 March 2017 |access-date = 11 April 2017 }}</ref> IntelliJ IDEA 15 was the first version to bundle the Kotlin plugin in the IntelliJ Installer, and provide Kotlin support out of the box.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/whatsnew/ |title = What's New in IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1 |website = Jetbrains.com |access-date = 11 April 2017 }}</ref> +* JetBrains also provides a plugin for [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://kotlinlang.org/docs/tutorials/getting-started-eclipse.html |title = Getting Started with Eclipse Neon – Kotlin Programming Language |website = Kotlinlang.org |date = 10 November 2016 |access-date = 11 April 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin-eclipse |title = JetBrains/kotlin-eclipse: Kotlin Plugin for Eclipse |publisher = GitHub |access-date = 11 April 2017 }}</ref> +* Integration with common Java build tools is supported including [[Apache Maven]],<ref>{{cite web |url = https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/using-maven.html |title = Using Maven – Kotlin Programming Language |website = kotlinlang.org |access-date = 9 May 2017 }}</ref> [[Apache Ant]],<ref>{{cite web |url = https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/using-ant.html |title = Using Ant – Kotlin Programming Language |website = kotlinlang.org |access-date = 9 May 2017 }}</ref> and [[Gradle]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/using-gradle.html |title = Using Gradle – Kotlin Programming Language |website = kotlinlang.org |access-date = 9 May 2017 }}</ref> +* [[Android Studio]] (based on IntelliJ IDEA) has official support for Kotlin, starting from Android Studio 3.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/kotlin|title=Kotlin and Android|website=Android Developers}}</ref> +* [[Emacs]] has a Kotlin Mode in its Melpa package repository. +* [[Vim (text editor)|Vim]] has a plugin maintained on GitHub.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/udalov/kotlin-vim|publisher=GitHub|title=udalov/kotlin-vim: Kotlin plugin for Vim. Featuring: syntax highlighting, basic indentation, Syntastic support|access-date=30 August 2019}}</ref> +* [https://json2kotlin.com/ Json2Kotlin] generates [[Plain old Java object|POJO]] style native Kotlin code for web service response mapping. + +==Applications== +When Kotlin was announced as an official Android development language at [[Google I/O]] in May 2017, it became the third language fully supported for Android, in addition to Java and C++.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/17/google-makes-kotlin-a-first-class-language-for-writing-android-apps/|title=Google makes Kotlin a first-class language for writing Android apps|last=Lardinois|first=Frederic|website=techcrunch.com|language=en-US|date=17 May 2017|access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> As of 2020, Kotlin is still most widely used on Android, with Google estimating that 70% of the top 1000 apps on the Play Store are written in Kotlin. Google itself has 60 apps written in Kotlin, including Maps and Drive. Many Android apps, such as Google's Home, are in the process of being migrated to Kotlin, and so use both Kotlin and Java. Kotlin on Android is seen as beneficial for its [[null-pointer safety]] as well as for its features that make for shorter, more readable code.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-were-using-kotlin-programming-language-to-squash-the-bugs-that-cause-most-crashes/|website=ZDNet|title=Kotlin programming language: How Google is using it to squash the code bugs that cause most crashes}}</ref> + +In addition to its prominent use on Android, Kotlin is gaining traction in server-side development. The [[Spring Framework]] officially added Kotlin support with version 5 on 4 January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://spring.io/blog/2017/01/04/introducing-kotlin-support-in-spring-framework-5-0 |website=Spring|title = Introducing Kotlin support in Spring Framework 5.0 |date=4 January 2017|publisher = Pivotal |access-date = 29 September 2020 }}</ref> To further support Kotlin, Spring has translated all its documentation to Kotlin and added built-in support for many Kotlin-specific features such as coroutines.<ref>{{cite web |title=The State of Kotlin Support in Spring|url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2020/08/the-state-of-kotlin-support-in-spring/|website=JetBrains|access-date=6 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In addition to Spring, JetBrains has produced a Kotlin-first framework called Ktor for building web applications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dzone.com/articles/not-only-spring-boot-a-review-of-alternatives|website=DZone|title=Review of Microservices Frameworks: A Look at Spring Boot Alternatives}}</ref> + +In 2020, JetBrains found in a survey of developers who use Kotlin that 56% were using Kotlin for mobile apps, while 47% were using it for a web back-end. Just over a third of all Kotlin developers said that they were migrating to Kotlin from another language. Most Kotlin users were targeting Android (or otherwise on the JVM), with only 6% using Kotlin Native.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kotlin Programming - The State of Developer Ecosystem 2020 |url=https://www.jetbrains.com/lp/devecosystem-2020/kotlin/ |website=JetBrains |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> + +==Adoption== +In 2018, Kotlin was the fastest growing language on GitHub with 2.6 times more developers compared to 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://octoverse.github.com/projects |title = The state of the Octoverse |access-date = 24 July 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190322190823/https://octoverse.github.com/projects |archive-date = 22 March 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> It is the fourth most loved programming language according to the 2020 Stack Overflow Developer Survey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2020|url=https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2020#most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> + +Kotlin was also awarded the O'Reilly Open Source Software Conference Breakout Award for 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2019/07/kotlin-wins-breakout-project-of-the-year-award-at-oscon-19/|title=Kotlin wins Breakout Project of the Year award at OSCON '19|access-date=24 July 2019}}</ref> + +Many companies/organizations have used Kotlin for backend development: +* Google<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Kotlin on Android |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgPj1Q6D--c&feature=youtu.be&t=309 |access-date=29 September 2020 |website=YouTube}}</ref> +* Norwegian Tax Administration<ref>{{cite web |title=KotlinConf 2019: Kotlin Runs Taxes in Norway by Jarle Hansen & Anders Mikkelsen |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8XxaAba65g&list=PLQ176FUIyIUY6SKGl3Cj9yeYibBuRr3Hl&index=22 |website=YouTube |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> +* Gradle<ref>{{cite web |title=Gradle Kotlin DSL Primer |url=https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/kotlin_dsl.html |website=docs.gradle.org |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> +* Amazon<ref>{{cite web |title=QLDB at Amazon |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/qldb/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> +* Cash App<ref>{{cite web |title=Going Full Kotlin Multiplatform |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/going-full-kotlin-multiplatform/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* JetBrains<ref>{{cite web |title=Kotless |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/kotless/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Flux<ref>{{cite web |title=Using Kotlin for backend development at Flux |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/Using-Kotlin-for-backend-development-at-Flux/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Allegro<ref>{{cite web |title=Kotlin at Allegro |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/kotlin-at-allegro/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* OLX<ref>{{cite web |title=Greenfield Kotlin at OLX |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/greenfield-kotlin-at-olx/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Shazam<ref>{{cite web |title=Kotlin at Shazam |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/kotlin-at-shazam/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Pivotal<ref>{{cite web |title=Application Monitoring with Micrometer |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/application-monitoring-with-micrometer/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Rocket Travel<ref>{{cite web |title=Groovy and Kotlin Interop at Rocket Travel |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/groovy-and-kotlin-interop-at-rocket-travel/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Meshcloud<ref>{{cite web |title=Kotlin on the backend at Meshcloud |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/kotlin-on-the-backend-at-meshcloud/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Zalando<ref>{{cite web |title=Zally - An API Linter |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/Zally-An-API-Linter/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> + +Some companies/organizations have used Kotlin for web development: + +* JetBrains<ref>{{cite web |title=KotlinConf 2019: Kotlin in Space by Maxim Mazin |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnmHqKLgYY4 |website=YouTube |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> +* Data2viz<ref>{{cite web |title=KotlinConf 2017 - Frontend Kotlin from the Trenches by Gaetan Zoritchak |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Pu0TYJJ2Tw&list=PLQ176FUIyIUY6UK1cgVsbdPYA3X5WLam5&index=14 |website=YouTube |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> +* Fritz2<ref>{{cite web |title=Fritz2 |url=https://talkingkotlin.com/fritz2/ |website=Talking Kotlin |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> +* Barclay's Bank<ref>{{cite web |title=Java/Kotlin Developer - Barclays - Prague - Wizbii |url=https://www.wizbii.com/company/barclays/job/convertibles-trading-system-developer |website=Wizbii.com |access-date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> + +A number of companies have publicly stated they were using Kotlin: + +* DripStat<ref>{{cite web |url = https://blog.dripstat.com/kotlin-in-production-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-2/ |title = Kotlin in Production – What works, Whats broken |website = Blog.dripstat.com |date = 24 September 2016 |access-date = 11 April 2017 }}</ref> +* [[Basecamp (software)|Basecamp]]<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://m.signalvnoise.com/how-we-made-basecamp-3s-android-app-100-kotlin-35e4e1c0ef12 |title = How we made Basecamp 3's Android app 100% Kotlin – Signal v. Noise |date = 29 April 2017 |work = Signal v. Noise |access-date = 1 May 2017 }}</ref> +* [[Pinterest]]<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDpnc45WwlI |title = Droidcon NYC 2016 - Kotlin in Production |website = [[YouTube]] |access-date = 24 July 2019 }}</ref> +* Coursera<ref>{{cite web |url = https://medium.com/coursera-engineering/becoming-bilingual-coursera-d8048dce73e3 |title = Becoming bilingual@coursera |date = 26 April 2018 |access-date = 24 July 2019 }}</ref> +* Netflix<ref>{{cite web |url = https://twitter.com/robspieldenner/status/708355228832178176 |title = Rob Spieldenner on twitter |access-date = 24 July 2019 }}</ref> +* Uber<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.reddit.com/r/androiddev/comments/5sihp0/2017_whos_using_kotlin/ddfmkf7/ |title = 2017 Who's using Kotlin? |date = 7 February 2017 |access-date = 24 July 2019 }}</ref> +* Cash App<ref>{{cite web |url = https://github.com/square/sqldelight |title = square/sqldelight |website = [[GitHub]] |access-date = 24 July 2019 }}</ref> +* Trello<ref>{{cite web |url = https://twitter.com/danlew42/status/809065097339564032 | title = Dan Lew on Twitter |access-date = 24 July 2019 }}</ref> +* Duolingo<ref>{{cite web |url = https://twitter.com/duolingo/status/1247876630984474626 | title = Duolingo on Twitter |access-date = 13 April 2020 }}</ref> +* Corda, a distributed ledger developed by a consortium of well-known banks (such as [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Wells Fargo]], [[JPMorgan Chase|J.P. Morgan]], [[Deutsche Bank]], [[UBS]], [[HSBC]], [[BNP Paribas]], [[Société Générale]]), has over 90% Kotlin code in its codebase.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2017/03/kotlin-1-1/ |title = Kotlin 1.1 Released with JavaScript Support, Coroutines and more |access-date = 1 May 2017 }}</ref> + +==See also== +{{Portal|Free and open-source software|Computer programming}} +* [[Comparison of programming languages]] + +==References== +* This article contains quotations from Kotlin tutorials which are released under an Apache 2.0 license. +{{Reflist}} + +==External links== +* {{Official website}} + +{{Programming languages}} +{{Java (Sun)}} + +[[Category:Java programming language family]] +[[Category:JVM programming languages]] +[[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]] +[[Category:Programming languages]] +[[Category:Programming languages created in 2011]] +[[Category:Software using the Apache license]] +[[Category:Statically typed programming languages]] +[[Category:High-level programming languages]] +[[Category:2011 software]] +[[Category:Free software projects]] + 24qfiba2g0vyktwiuj3u5rabzfv3rle + + + diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/BenchmarkBase.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/BenchmarkBase.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ee2d0c33ec --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/BenchmarkBase.kt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde + +import kotlinx.benchmark.* + +@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime) +@Measurement(time = 1, timeUnit = BenchmarkTimeUnit.SECONDS) +@Warmup(time = 1, timeUnit = BenchmarkTimeUnit.SECONDS) +@State(Scope.Benchmark) +abstract class BenchmarkBase diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/CitmBenchmark.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/CitmBenchmark.kt index 6c0554465a..832a1c212e 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/CitmBenchmark.kt +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/CitmBenchmark.kt @@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.json +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.BenchmarkBase import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.json.JsonToken import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.json.jsonStreamReader import kotlinx.benchmark.* import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking -@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime) -@State(Scope.Benchmark) -open class CitmBenchmark { +open class CitmBenchmark : BenchmarkBase() { private val input = CitmBenchmark::class.java.getResource("/citm_catalog.json")!!.readBytes() @Benchmark diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/TwitterBenchmark.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/TwitterBenchmark.kt index 74184c4d1d..3c3f96af5c 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/TwitterBenchmark.kt +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/json/TwitterBenchmark.kt @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.json +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.BenchmarkBase import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.json.twitter.model.TwitterFeed import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.json.twitter.transform.deserializeTwitterFeedDocument import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.json.twitter.transform.serializeTwitterFeedDocument @@ -15,10 +16,7 @@ import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.json.jsonStreamReader import kotlinx.benchmark.* import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking -@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime) -@State(Scope.Benchmark) -open class TwitterBenchmark { - +open class TwitterBenchmark : BenchmarkBase() { private val input = TwitterBenchmark::class.java.getResource("/twitter.json")!!.readBytes() private val feed: TwitterFeed = runBlocking { val deserializer = JsonDeserializer(input) diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/BufferStreamWriterBenchmark.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/BufferStreamWriterBenchmark.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fd4744c1c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/BufferStreamWriterBenchmark.kt @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.BenchmarkBase +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.xmlStreamWriter +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.util.InternalApi +import kotlinx.benchmark.* + +@OptIn(InternalApi::class) +open class BufferStreamWriterBenchmark : BenchmarkBase() { + @Benchmark + fun serializeBenchmark() { + val writer = xmlStreamWriter() + + writer.startDocument() + + writer.namespacePrefix("https://www.loc.gov/", "loc") + writer.namespacePrefix("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria", "loa") + writer.startTag("library") + writer.attribute("open", "true") + + books.forEach { book -> + writer.startTag("book") + writer.attribute("isbn", book.isbn) + writer.attribute("number", book.locNumber, "loc") + + writer.startTag("title") + writer.text(book.title) + writer.endTag("title") + + writer.startTag("authors") + book.authors.forEach { author -> + writer.startTag("author") + writer.text(author) + writer.endTag("author") + } + writer.endTag("authors") + + writer.startTag("subjects") + book.subjects.forEach { subject -> + writer.startTag("subject") + writer.text(subject) + writer.endTag("subject") + } + writer.endTag("subjects") + + writer.endTag("book") + } + + writer.endTag("library") + writer.bytes + } +} + +data class Book( + val isbn: String, + val title: String, + val authors: List, + val subjects: List, + val locNumber: String, +) { + fun withIndex(index: Int): Book = + copy( + isbn = "$isbn-$index", + title = "$title-$index", + authors = authors.map { "$it-$index" }, + subjects = subjects.map { "$it-$index" }, + locNumber = "$locNumber-$index", + ) +} + +private val baseBooks = listOf( + Book( + isbn = "0439139597", + title = "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire", + authors = listOf("Rowling, J. K."), + subjects = listOf("England", "Magic", "School", "Witches", "Wizards"), + locNumber = "00131084", + ), + Book( + isbn = "0894808532", + title = "Good Omens: The Nice and Accurate Prophecies of Agnes Nutter, Witch", + authors = listOf("Pratchett, Terry", "Gaiman, Neil"), + subjects = listOf("End of the world", "Prophesies", "Witches"), + locNumber = "90050362", + ), + Book( + isbn = "1400052939", + title = "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", + authors = listOf("Adams, Douglas"), + subjects = listOf("Aliens", "End of the world", "Ultimate Question to Life, the Universe, and Everything"), + locNumber = "2004558987", + ), +) +val books = (1..1000).flatMap { index -> + baseBooks.map { book -> book.withIndex(index) } +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlDeserializerBenchmark.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlDeserializerBenchmark.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7d91ca9ab2 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlDeserializerBenchmark.kt @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.BenchmarkBase +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml.countriesstates.model.CountriesAndStates +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml.countriesstates.transform.deserializeCountriesAndStatesDocument +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlDeserializer +import kotlinx.benchmark.* +import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking + +@Measurement(time = 5, timeUnit = BenchmarkTimeUnit.SECONDS) +@Warmup(time = 5, timeUnit = BenchmarkTimeUnit.SECONDS) +open class XmlDeserializerBenchmark : BenchmarkBase() { + private val source = javaClass.getResource("/countries-states.xml")!!.readBytes() + + private fun deserialize(): CountriesAndStates = + runBlocking { + val deserializer = XmlDeserializer(source) + deserializeCountriesAndStatesDocument(deserializer) + } + + @Setup + fun init() { + // Sanity test + val result = deserialize() + val list = checkNotNull(result.countryState) + check(list.size == 250) + } + + @Benchmark + fun deserializeBenchmark() { + deserialize() + } +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlLexerBenchmark.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlLexerBenchmark.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5b8288055c --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlLexerBenchmark.kt @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.BenchmarkBase +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.xmlStreamReader +import kotlinx.benchmark.* + +open class XmlLexerBenchmark : BenchmarkBase() { + @Param("countries-states.xml", "kotlin-article.xml") + var sourceFilename = "" + + private lateinit var sourceBytes: ByteArray + + @Setup + fun init() { + sourceBytes = javaClass.getResource("/$sourceFilename")!!.readBytes() + } + + @Benchmark + fun deserializeBenchmark() { + val reader = xmlStreamReader(sourceBytes) + while (reader.nextToken() != null) { } // Consume the whole stream + } +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlSerializerBenchmark.kt b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlSerializerBenchmark.kt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b391b18da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/jvm/src/aws/smithy/kotlin/benchmarks/serde/xml/XmlSerializerBenchmark.kt @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +/* + * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. + * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0. + */ +package aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml + +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.BenchmarkBase +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml.countriesstates.model.CountriesAndStates +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml.countriesstates.transform.deserializeCountriesAndStatesDocument +import aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml.countriesstates.transform.serializeCountriesAndStatesDocument +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlDeserializer +import aws.smithy.kotlin.runtime.serde.xml.XmlSerializer +import kotlinx.benchmark.* +import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking + +open class XmlSerializerBenchmark : BenchmarkBase() { + private val source = javaClass.getResource("/countries-states.xml")!!.readBytes() + + private lateinit var dataSet: CountriesAndStates + + @Setup + fun init() { + dataSet = runBlocking { + val deserializer = XmlDeserializer(source) + deserializeCountriesAndStatesDocument(deserializer) + } + } + + @Benchmark + fun serializeBenchmark() { + val serializer = XmlSerializer() + serializeCountriesAndStatesDocument(serializer, dataSet) + serializer.toByteArray() + } +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/countriesstates.smithy b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/countriesstates.smithy new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..25dcd16d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/countriesstates.smithy @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +$version: "1.0" + +namespace aws.benchmarks.countries_states + +use aws.benchmarks.protocols#serdeBenchmarkXml + +@serdeBenchmarkXml +service CountriesStatesService { + version: "2019-12-16", + operations: [GetCountriesAndStates] +} + +@http(uri: "/GetCountriesAndStates", method: "POST") +operation GetCountriesAndStates { + input: GetCountriesAndStatesRequest, + output: GetCountriesAndStatesResponse +} + +structure GetCountriesAndStatesRequest { + countries_states: CountriesAndStates +} + +structure GetCountriesAndStatesResponse { + countries_states: CountriesAndStates +} + +structure CountriesAndStates { + @xmlFlattened country_state: CountriesStates +} + +list CountriesStates { + member: CountryState +} + +structure CountryState { + name: String, + iso2: String, + iso3: String, + numeric_code: String, + phone_code: String, + capital: String, + currency: String, + currency_name: String, + currency_symbol: String, + tld: String, + native: String, + region: String, + subregion: String, + @xmlFlattened timezones: TimeZones, + translations: Translations, + latitude: Double, + longitude: Double, + emoji: String, + emojiU: String, + @xmlFlattened states: States +} + +structure State { + id: Integer, + name: String, + state_code: String, + latitude: Double, + longitude: Double, + type: String +} + +list States { + member: State +} + +structure TimeZone { + zoneName: String, + gmtOffset: Integer, + gmtOffsetName: String, + abbreviation: String, + tzName: String +} + +list TimeZones { + member: TimeZone +} + +structure Translations { + br: String, + cn: String, + de: String, + es: String, + fa: String, + fr: String, + hr: String, + it: String, + ja: String, + kr: String, + nl: String, + pt: String +} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/serde-protocols.smithy b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/serde-protocols.smithy index 8fc9328fc5..b14ea9bf9c 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/serde-protocols.smithy +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/model/serde-protocols.smithy @@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ $version: "1.0" namespace aws.benchmarks.protocols -// dummy protocol just for benchmarking purposes +// dummy protocols just for benchmarking purposes + @protocolDefinition @trait structure serdeBenchmarkJson{} + +@protocolDefinition +@trait +structure serdeBenchmarkXml{} diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/smithy-build.json b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/smithy-build.json index cc4d0ba47f..1cd86db66c 100644 --- a/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/smithy-build.json +++ b/tests/benchmarks/serde-benchmarks/smithy-build.json @@ -25,6 +25,31 @@ } } } + }, + "countries-states": { + "transforms": [ + { + "name": "includeServices", + "args": { + "services": [ + "aws.benchmarks.countries_states#CountriesStatesService" + ] + } + } + ], + "plugins": { + "kotlin-codegen": { + "service": "aws.benchmarks.countries_states#CountriesStatesService", + "package": { + "name": "aws.smithy.kotlin.benchmarks.serde.xml.countriesstates", + "version": "0.0.1" + }, + "build": { + "rootProject": false, + "generateDefaultBuildFiles": false + } + } + } } } }