r34.yml

rules: r34.pl
query: legally_holds(Rule,must_not(Lawyer,accept,Position))
data:
  - name: person
    type: String
    any: Are there any people (who may also be legal practitioners, owners, etc.)?
    another: Are there any more people?
    ask: What is the name of the person?
    minimum: 0
  - name: legal_practice
    type: String
    any: Are there any legal practices?
    another: Is there another legal practice?
    ask: What is the name of the legal practice?
    tell: the legal practice {X}
    minimum: 0
    encodings:
      - law_practice(X)
    attributes:
    - name: joint_law_venture
      ask: Is {Y} a joint law venture?
      type: Boolean
      encodings:
        - joint_law_venture(Y)
    - name: formal_law_alliance
      type: Boolean
      ask: Is {Y} a formal law alliance?
      encodings: 
        - formal_law_alliance(Y)
    - name: foreign_law_practice
      type: Boolean
      ask: Is {Y} a foreign law practice?
      encodings:
        - foreign_law_practice(Y)
    - name: jurisdiction
      type: Enum
      ask: What is the jurisdiction of {Y}?
      options:
        singapore: Singapore
        other: Somewhere Else
      encodings:
        - jurisdiction(Y,X)
    - name: legal_practitioner
      type: Object
      source: person
      minimum: 0
      any: Are there any legal practitioners in {Y}?
      another: Is there another legal practitioner in {Y}?
      ask: Who is a legal practitioner in {Y}?
      tell: the legal practitioner {X} in {Y}
      encodings:
        - legal_practitioner(X)
        - in(X,Y)
      attributes:
        - name: locum_solicitor
          ask: Is {Y} a locum solicitor?
          type: Boolean
          encodings:
            - locum_solicitor(Y)
        - name: primary_occupation
          type: Enum
          ask: What is the primary occupation of {Y}?
          encodings:
            - primary_occupation_of(Y,X)
          options:
            practicing_as_a_lawyer: Practicing as a lawyer
            something_else: Something Else
    - name: position
      type: String
      minimum: 0
      any: Are there any positions in {Y}?
      another: Is there another position in {Y}?
      ask: What is the position in {Y} called?
      tell: the position {X} in {Y}
      encodings:
        - in(X,Y)
        - position(X)
      attributes:
        - name: accepted_as_representative_of_parent_practice
          type: Boolean
          ask: Is {Y} accepted as a representative of a parent legal practice?
          encodings:
            - accepts_position_as_representative(_,Y,_)
        - name: associated_with
          type: Object
          any: Is {Y} associated with any businesses?
          another: Is {Y} associate with any othr businesses?
          ask: What business is {Y} associated with?
          source: business
          minimum: 0
          encodings:
            - associated_with(Y,X)
        - name: entitles_holder_as_executive
          ask: Does {Y} entitle the holder as an executive?
          type: Boolean
          encodings:
            - entitles_holder(Y)
        - name: independent_director
          type: Boolean
          ask: Is {Y} an independent directorship?
          encodings:
            - independent_director(Y)
        - name: non_executive_director
          type: Boolean
          ask: Is {Y} a non-executive directorship?
          encodings:
            - non_executive_director(Y)
        - name: materially_interferes_with_practicing_as_a_lawyer_for
          type: Object
          any: Does {Y} materially interfere with practicing as a lawyer for anyone?
          another: Does {Y} materially interfere with practicing as a lawyer for anyone else?
          ask: For whom does {Y} materially interfere with practicing as a lawyer?
          source: person
          minimum: 0
          encodings:
            - materially_interferes_with(Y,practicing_as_a_lawyer,X)
        - name: materially_interferes_with_availability_of
          type: Object
          any: Does {Y} materially interfere with availability for anyone?
          another: Does {Y} materially interfere with availability for anyone else?
          ask: For whom does {Y} materially interfere with availability?
          source: person
          minimum: 0
          encodings:
            - materially_interferes_with(Y,availability,X)
        - name: materially_interferes_with_representation_of_clients_for
          type: Object
          any: Does {Y} materially interfere with the representation of legal clients for anyone?
          another: Does {Y} materially interfere with the representation of legal clients for anyone else?
          ask: For whom does {Y} materially interfere with the representation of legal clients?
          source: person
          minimum: 0
          encodings:
            - materially_interferes_with(Y,representation,X)
  - name: organization
    type: String
    any: Are there any organizations?
    another: Is there another organization?
    ask: What is the name of the organization?
    tell: the organization named {X}
    minimum: 0
    attributes:
      - name: carries_on
        type: Object
        any: Does {Y} carry on any businesses?
        another: Does {Y} carry on any other businesses?
        ask: What business does {Y} carry on?
        source: business
        minimum: 0
        encodings:
          - carries_on(Y,X)
      - name: provides
        type: Object
        any: Does {Y} provide any services?
        another: Does {Y} provide any other services?
        ask: What service does {Y} provide?
        source: service
        minimum: 0
        encodings:
          - provides(Y,X)
      - name: listed_in_third_schedule
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} an institution listed in the third schedule?
        encodings:
          - in_third_schedule(Y)
          - institution(Y)
      - name: position
        type: String
        any: Are there any positions in {Y}?
        another: Are there any other positions in {Y}?
        ask: What is the name of the position in {Y}?
        tell: the position {X} in {Y}
        minimum: 0
        encodings:
          - in(X,Y)
          - position(X)
        attributes:
          - name: associated_with
            type: Object
            any: Is {Y} associated with any businesses?
            another: Is {Y} associated with any other businesses?
            ask: What business is {Y} associated with?
            source: business
            minimum: 0
            encodings:
              - associated_with(Y,X)
          - name: independent_director
            type: Boolean
            ask: Is {Y} an independent directorship?
            encodings:
              - independent_director(Y)
          - name: non_executive_director
            type: Boolean
            ask: Is {Y} a non-executive directorship?
            encodings:
              - non_executive_director(Y)
          - name: entitles_holder_as_executive
            type: Boolean
            ask: Does {Y} entitle the holder as an executive?
            encodings:
              - entitles_holder(Y)
          - name: materially_interferes_with_practicing_as_a_lawyer_for
            type: Object
            any: Does {Y} materially interfere with practicing as a lawyer for anyone?
            another: Does {Y} materially interfere with practicing as a lawyer for anyone else?
            ask: For whom does {Y} materially interfere with practicing as a lawyer?
            source: person
            minimum: 0
            encodings:
              - materially_interferes_with(Y,practicing_as_a_lawyer,X)
          - name: materially_interferes_with_availability_of
            type: Object
            any: Does {Y} materially interfere with availability for anyone?
            another: Does {Y} materially interfere with availability for anyone else?
            ask: For whom does {Y} materially interfere with availability?
            source: person
            minimum: 0
            encodings:
              - materially_interferes_with(Y,availability,X)
          - name: materially_interferes_with_representation_of_clients_for
            type: Object
            any: Does {Y} materially interfere with the representation of legal clients for anyone?
            another: Does {Y} materially interfere with the representation of legal clients for anyone else?
            ask: For whom does {Y} materially interfere with the representation of legal clients?
            source: person
            minimum: 0
            encodings:
              - materially_interferes_with(Y,representation,X)
      - name: company
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a company?
        encodings:
          - company(Y)
      - name: corporation
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a corporation?
        encodings:
          - corporation(Y)
      - name: partnership
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a partnership?
        encodings:
          - partnership(Y)
      - name: llp
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a limited liability partnership?
        encodings:
          - llp(Y)
      - name: sole_proprietorship
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a sole proprietorship?
        encodings:
          - sole_proprietorship(Y)
      - name: business_trust
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a business trust?
        encodings:
          - business_trust(Y)
      - name: beneficial_owner
        type: Object
        any: Does {Y} have any beneficial owners?
        another: Does {Y} have another beneficial owner?
        ask: Who is the beneficial owner of {Y}?
        minimum: 0
        source: person
        encodings:
          - beneficial_owner_of(X,Y)
      - name: legal_owner
        type: Object
        any: Does {Y} have any legal owners?
        another: Does {Y} have another legal owner?
        ask: Who is the legal owner of {Y}?
        minimum: 0
        source: person
        encodings:
          - legal_owner_of(X,Y)
      - name: partner
        type: Object
        any: Does {Y} have any partners?
        another: Does {Y} have another partner?
        ask: Who is the partner in {Y}?
        source: person
        minimum: 0
        encodings:
          - partner_of(X,Y)
      - name: sole_proprietor
        type: Object
        any: Does {Y} have a sole proprietor?
        ask: Who is the sole proprietor of {Y}?
        source: person
        minimum: 0
        maximum: 1
        encodings:
          - sole_proprietor_of(X,Y)
      - name: director
        type: Object
        source: person
        any: Are there any directors in {Y}?
        another: Are there any other directors in {Y}?
        ask: Who is a director in {Y}?
        minimum: 0
        encodings:
          - director_of(X,Y)
  - name: business
    type: String
    any: Are there any businesses?
    another: Is there another business?
    ask: What is the business called?
    tell: the business called {X}
    minimum: 0
    encodings:
      - business(X)
    attributes:
      - name: detracts_from_dignity_of_legal_profession
        ask: Does {Y} detract from the dignity of the legal profession?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - detracts_from_dignity_of_legal_profession(Y)
      - name: incompatible_with_dignity_of_legal_profession
        ask: Is {Y} incompatible with the dignity of the legal profession?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - incompatible_dignity_of_legal_profession(Y)
      - name: derogates_from_dignity_of_legal_profession
        ask: Does {Y} derogate from the dignity of the legal profession?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - derogates_from_dignity_of_legal_profession(Y)
      - name: likely_to_unfairly_attract_business_in_the_practice_of_law
        ask: Is {Y} likely to unfairly attract business in the practice of law?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - unfair(Y)
      - name: set_out_in_the_first_schedule
        ask: Is {Y} set out in the first schedule
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - described_in_first_schedule(Y)
      - name: prohibited_business
        ask: Is {Y} a prohibited business?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - prohibited_business(Y)
      - name: trade
        ask: Is {Y} a trade?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - trade(Y)
      - name: calling
        ask: Is {Y} a calling?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - calling(Y)
      - name: for_profit
        ask: Is {Y} for profit?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - for_profit(Y)
      - name: in_singapore
        ask: Is {Y} in Singapore?
        type: Boolean
        encodings:
          - in(Y,singapore)
  - name: service
    type: String
    any: Are there any services?
    another: Is there another service?
    ask: What is the service called?
    tell: the service called {X}
    minimum: 0
    encodings:
      - service(X)
    attributes:
      - name: legal
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} a legal service?
        encodings:
          - legal_service(Y)
      - name: law_related
        type: Boolean
        ask: is {Y} a law-related service?
        encodings:
          - law_related_service(Y)
      - name: listed_in_fourth_schedule
        type: Boolean
        ask: Is {Y} listed in the fourth schedule?
        encodings:
          - listed_in_fourth_schedule
  - name: all_conditions_of_second_schedule_satisfied
    type: Boolean
    ask: Are all the conditions of the second schedule satisfied?
    encodings:
      - conditions_of_second_schedule_satisfied
terms:
  - r34_1: |
      (1)  A legal practitioner must not accept any executive appointment associated with 
      any of the following businesses:  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)
  - r34_1_a: |
      (a)	any business which detracts from, is incompatible with, or derogates from the dignity of,
      the legal profession;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)(a)
  - r34_1_c: |
      (c)	any business which is likely to unfairly attract business in the practice of law;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)(c)
  - r34_1_d: |
      (d)	any business which involves the sharing of the legal practitioner’s fees with, 
      or the payment of a commission to, any unauthorised person for legal work performed 
      by the legal practitioner;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)(d)
  - r34_1_e: |
      (e)	any business set out in the First Schedule;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)(e)
  - r34_1_f: |
      (f)	any business which is prohibited by —  
      (i)	the Act;  
      (ii)	these Rules or any other subsidiary legislation made under the Act;  
      (iii)	any practice directions, guidance notes and rulings issued under section 71(6) of the Act; or  
      (iv)	any practice directions, guidance notes and rulings (relating to professional practice,
      etiquette, conduct and discipline) issued by the Council or the Society.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)(f)
  - r34_1_b: |
      1A: A legal practitioner must not accept any executive appointment that
      materially interferes with —  
      (i)	the legal practitioner’s primary occupation of practising as a lawyer;  
      (ii)	the legal practitioner’s availability to those who may seek the legal practitioner’s 
      services as a lawyer; or  
      (iii)	the representation of the legal practitioner’s clients.  
      ***
      Source: Proposed amendment to [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(1)(b)
  - r34_2_a: |
      (2)  Subject to paragraph (1), a legal practitioner in a Singapore law practice 
      (called in this paragraph the main practice) may accept an executive appointment 
      in another Singapore law practice (called in this paragraph the related practice), 
      if the related practice is connected to the main practice in either of the following ways:  
      (a)	every legal or beneficial owner of the related practice is the sole proprietor, 
      or a partner or director, of the main practice;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(2)(a)
  - r34_2_b: |
      (b)	the legal practitioner accepts the executive appointment as a representative 
      of the main practice in the related practice, and the involvement of the main practice 
      in the related practice is not prohibited by any of the following:  
      (i)	the Act;  
      (ii)	these Rules or any other subsidiary legislation made under the Act;  
      (iii)	any practice directions, guidance notes and rulings issued under section 71(6) of the Act;  
      (iv)	any practice directions, guidance notes and rulings (relating to professional practice,
      etiquette, conduct and discipline) issued by the Council or the Society.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(2)(b)
  - r34_3: |
      (3)  Subject to paragraph (1), a legal practitioner may accept an executive appointment 
      in a business entity which provides law-related services.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(3)
  - r34_4: |
      (4)  Subject to paragraph (1), a legal practitioner (not being a locum solicitor) may 
      accept an executive appointment in a business entity which does not provide any 
      legal services or law-related services, if all of the conditions set out in the 
      Second Schedule are satisfied.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(4)
  - r34_5: |
      (5)  Despite paragraph (1)(b), but subject to paragraph (1)(a) and (c) to (f), 
      a locum solicitor may accept an executive appointment in a business entity which 
      does not provide any legal services or law-related services, if all of the 
      conditions set out in the Second Schedule are satisfied.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(5)
  - r34_6_a: |
      (6)  Except as provided in paragraphs (2) to (5) —  
      (a)	a legal practitioner in a Singapore law practice must not accept any executive 
      appointment in another Singapore law practice; and  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(6)(a)
  - r34_6_b: |
      (b)	a legal practitioner must not accept any executive appointment in a business entity.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(6)(b)
  - r34_7: |
      (7)  To avoid doubt, nothing in this rule prohibits a legal practitioner 
      from accepting any appointment in any institution set out in the Third Schedule.  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(7)
  - executive appointment: |
      “executive appointment” means a position associated with a business, or in a business 
      entity or Singapore law practice, which entitles the holder of the position to perform 
      executive functions in relation to the business, business entity or Singapore law practice 
      (as the case may be), but excludes any non‑executive director or independent director 
      associated with the business or in the business entity;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(9)
  - business entity: |
      “business entity”  —  
      (a)	includes any company, corporation, partnership, limited liability partnership, 
      sole proprietorship, business trust or other entity that carries on any business; but  
      (b)	excludes any Singapore law practice, any Joint Law Venture, any Formal Law Alliance, 
      any foreign law practice and any institution set out in the Third Schedule;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(9)
  - business: |
      “business” includes any business, trade or calling in Singapore or elsewhere, 
      whether or not for the purpose of profit, but excludes the practice of law;  
      ***
      Source: [Rule 34](https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/LPA1966-S706-2015#pr34-)(9)