diff --git a/spring-data-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreter.java b/spring-data-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreter.java
index 7dd0790378..7bdee3af79 100644
--- a/spring-data-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreter.java
+++ b/spring-data-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreter.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.springframework.dao.TransientDataAccessResourceException;
 import org.springframework.data.jdbc.core.convert.DataAccessStrategy;
 import org.springframework.data.mapping.PersistentPropertyPath;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbAction;
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
  *
  * @author Jens Schauder
  * @author Mark Paluch
+ * @author Myeonghyeon Lee
  */
 @RequiredArgsConstructor
 class DefaultJdbcInterpreter implements Interpreter {
@@ -82,7 +84,12 @@ public <T> void interpret(InsertRoot<T> insert) {
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public <T> void interpret(Update<T> update) {
-		accessStrategy.update(update.getEntity(), update.getEntityType());
+		boolean updated = accessStrategy.update(update.getEntity(), update.getEntityType());
+		if (!updated) {
+			Object idValue = getIdFrom(update);
+			throw new TransientDataAccessResourceException(String.format(
+				"Failed to update entity [%s]. Id [%s] does not exist.", update.getEntityType(), idValue));
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -91,7 +98,12 @@ public <T> void interpret(Update<T> update) {
 	 */
 	@Override
 	public <T> void interpret(UpdateRoot<T> update) {
-		accessStrategy.update(update.getEntity(), update.getEntityType());
+		boolean updated = accessStrategy.update(update.getEntity(), update.getEntityType());
+		if (!updated) {
+			Object idValue = getIdFrom(update);
+			throw new TransientDataAccessResourceException(String.format(
+				"Failed to update root [%s]. Id [%s] does not exist.", update.getEntityType(), idValue));
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
diff --git a/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreterUnitTests.java b/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreterUnitTests.java
index 3c8b1bb19f..886ff325a1 100644
--- a/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreterUnitTests.java
+++ b/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/DefaultJdbcInterpreterUnitTests.java
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 
+import org.springframework.dao.TransientDataAccessResourceException;
 import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
 import org.springframework.data.jdbc.core.convert.DataAccessStrategy;
 import org.springframework.data.jdbc.core.mapping.JdbcMappingContext;
 import org.springframework.data.mapping.PersistentPropertyPath;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbAction.Insert;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbAction.InsertRoot;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbAction.UpdateRoot;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalMappingContext;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalPersistentProperty;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.domain.Identifier;
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
  *
  * @author Jens Schauder
  * @author Mark Paluch
+ * @author Myeonghyeon Lee
  */
 public class DefaultJdbcInterpreterUnitTests {
 
@@ -153,6 +156,15 @@ public void generateCascadingIds() {
 				);
 	}
 
+	@Test(expected = TransientDataAccessResourceException.class) // DATAJDBC-438
+	public void throwExceptionUpdateFailedRootDoesNotExist() {
+		container.id = CONTAINER_ID;
+		UpdateRoot<Container> containerUpdate = new UpdateRoot<>(container);
+		when(dataAccessStrategy.update(container, Container.class)).thenReturn(false);
+
+		interpreter.interpret(containerUpdate);
+	}
+
 	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 	static class Container {
 
diff --git a/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateTemplateIntegrationTests.java b/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateTemplateIntegrationTests.java
index ac91b39c5e..33bc824924 100644
--- a/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateTemplateIntegrationTests.java
+++ b/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/core/JdbcAggregateTemplateIntegrationTests.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 import org.springframework.data.jdbc.testing.DatabaseProfileValueSource;
 import org.springframework.data.jdbc.testing.HsqlDbOnly;
 import org.springframework.data.jdbc.testing.TestConfiguration;
+import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.DbActionExecutionException;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.conversion.RelationalConverter;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.Column;
 import org.springframework.data.relational.core.mapping.RelationalMappingContext;
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@
  * @author Jens Schauder
  * @author Thomas Lang
  * @author Mark Paluch
+ * @author Myeonghyeon Lee
  */
 @ContextConfiguration
 @Transactional
@@ -203,6 +205,14 @@ public void updateReferencedEntityToNull() {
 		softly.assertAll();
 	}
 
+	@Test(expected = DbActionExecutionException.class)  // DATAJDBC-438
+	public void updateFailedRootDoesNotExist() {
+		LegoSet entity = new LegoSet();
+		entity.setId(100L);	// not exist
+
+		template.save(entity);
+	}
+
 	@Test // DATAJDBC-112
 	public void replaceReferencedEntity() {
 
diff --git a/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/repository/SimpleJdbcRepositoryEventsUnitTests.java b/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/repository/SimpleJdbcRepositoryEventsUnitTests.java
index 83c107ad06..e0d4fbc5fa 100644
--- a/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/repository/SimpleJdbcRepositoryEventsUnitTests.java
+++ b/spring-data-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jdbc/repository/SimpleJdbcRepositoryEventsUnitTests.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
  * @author Jens Schauder
  * @author Mark Paluch
  * @author Oliver Gierke
+ * @author Myeonghyeon Lee
  */
 public class SimpleJdbcRepositoryEventsUnitTests {
 
@@ -86,6 +87,8 @@ public void before() {
 		this.dataAccessStrategy = spy(new DefaultDataAccessStrategy(generatorSource, context, converter, operations));
 		delegatingDataAccessStrategy.setDelegate(dataAccessStrategy);
 
+		doReturn(true).when(dataAccessStrategy).update(any(), any());
+
 		JdbcRepositoryFactory factory = new JdbcRepositoryFactory(dataAccessStrategy, context, converter, publisher,
 				operations);