Do chemists usually use rats for their testing?
yes
Who uses rats?
biologists and medical researchers
Who was Werner Forssmann?
German scientist
when did he when the Nobel prize?
1956
what did he study?
He studied how to put a pipe inside the heart to measure the pressure inside and decide whether a patient needs surgery.
Which human did he want to perform an experiment on?
himself
was he supposed to?
No
did he do it anyway?
Yes
what did he do to his arm?
made a cut, putting the pipe 30 centimeters into his vein
then where did he go?
X-ray room
to do what?
pushing the pipe all the way into his heart
Who was Ralph Steinman?
Canadian scientist
did he discover something?
a new type of immune system cell
what was it?
the dendritic cell
what disease did he think it could fight?
cancer
did he ever when the Nobel Prize?
yes
when?
2011
how did he die?
cancer
did he live longer than expected?
yes
how much longer?
four and a half years