who is the pope mentioned?
Pope Urban II
Who were the crusades sanctioned by?
the Latin Church
wa the term always used?
no
When did they start using it?
around 1760
When did Urban call for the first crusade?
1095
how many crusader states were initially established?
four
which ones?
the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Tripoli
who did he want to unite?
the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom
was he trying to help the pilgrims?
yes
To do what?
to guarantee access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites
Who was migrating?
Turks
where were they going?
Anatolia
Did he ask for help?
He encouraged military support
for who?
the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor, AlexiosI
did he get people to volunteer?
yes
to do what?
to be Crusaders
how did they become crusaders?
by taking a public vow and receiving plenary indulgences from the Church
what are the most common crusades?
the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean