What religious is this about?
Judaism.
What is a teacher of this religion called?
A rabbi.
Do all variations use the exact same method of choosing them?
No.
Can a woman be one?
Yes.
Which ones?
Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist.
For what purposes?
For halakhic reasons.
What version says no to a woman doing it?
Orthodox Judaism.
What exactly do they teach?
Torah.
What does the name mean?
"My Master."
What time period did they develop?
The Pharisaic and Talmudic era.
What was the name of the first one?
Yohanan ben Zakkai.
When was this?
The early to mid first century CE.
What influences the more recent ones?
The duties of the Protestant Christian minister.
What name were they given?
"Pulpit rabbis."
In what time frame are the most recent ones referenced?
19th-century.
And in what countries during this time?
Germany and the United States.
What sort of activity do they engage in?
Sermons.
Anything else?
Pastoral counseling.
Have these services become more or less important?
More.
What does the term that students would call the educator mean in literal terms?
"Great one".