diff --git a/dsp/utils/settings.py b/dsp/utils/settings.py
index 76943784a4..e973f47052 100644
--- a/dsp/utils/settings.py
+++ b/dsp/utils/settings.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from dsp.utils.utils import dotdict
+from functools import lru_cache
 
 DEFAULT_CONFIG = dotdict(
     lm=None,
@@ -27,6 +28,12 @@
     async_max_workers=8,
 )
 
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def warn_once(msg: str):
+    import logging
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    logger.warning(msg)
+
 
 class Settings:
     """DSP configuration settings."""
@@ -59,7 +66,11 @@ def config(self):
         thread_id = threading.get_ident()
         # if thread_id not in self.stack_by_thread:
         #     self.stack_by_thread[thread_id] = [self.main_stack[-1].copy()]
-        return self.stack_by_thread[thread_id][-1]
+        try:
+            return self.stack_by_thread[thread_id][-1]
+        except Exception:
+            warn_once("Warning: You seem to be creating DSPy threads in an unsupported way.")
+            return self.main_stack[-1]
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
         if hasattr(self.config, name):
@@ -74,6 +85,8 @@ def __append(self, config):
         thread_id = threading.get_ident()
         # if thread_id not in self.stack_by_thread:
         #     self.stack_by_thread[thread_id] = [self.main_stack[-1].copy()]
+
+        assert thread_id in self.stack_by_thread, "Error: You seem to be creating DSPy threads in an unsupported way."
         self.stack_by_thread[thread_id].append(config)
 
     def __pop(self):
diff --git a/dspy/utils/asyncify.py b/dspy/utils/asyncify.py
index 8cd8062987..ca801e12a1 100644
--- a/dspy/utils/asyncify.py
+++ b/dspy/utils/asyncify.py
@@ -24,4 +24,22 @@ def get_limiter():
 
 
 def asyncify(program):
-    return asyncer.asyncify(program, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=get_limiter())
+    import dspy
+    import threading
+
+    assert threading.get_ident() == dspy.settings.main_tid, "asyncify can only be called from the main thread"
+
+    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        thread_stacks = dspy.settings.stack_by_thread
+        current_thread_id = threading.get_ident()
+        creating_new_thread = current_thread_id not in thread_stacks
+
+        assert creating_new_thread
+        thread_stacks[current_thread_id] = list(dspy.settings.main_stack)
+
+        try:
+            return program(*args, **kwargs)
+        finally:
+            del thread_stacks[threading.get_ident()]
+
+    return asyncer.asyncify(wrapped, abandon_on_cancel=True, limiter=get_limiter())