diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87d4eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+*.o
+*.so
+*.gcda
+*.gcno
+*.gcov
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80df515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+language: c
+dist: xenial
+os: linux
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - ROCKSPEC=rockspecs/lua-fmt-scm-1.rockspec
+  jobs:
+    - LUA="lua 5.1"
+    - LUA="lua 5.2"
+    - LUA="lua 5.3"
+    - LUA="lua 5.4"
+    - LUA="luajit 2.0"
+    - LUA="luajit 2.1"
+
+branches:
+  only:
+    - master
+
+before_install:
+  - pip install --user urllib3[secure] cpp-coveralls
+  - curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/luarocks/hererocks/master/hererocks.py
+  - python hererocks.py env --$LUA -rlatest
+  - source env/bin/activate
+
+install:
+  - luarocks make $ROCKSPEC CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC -Wall -Wextra --coverage" LIBFLAG="-shared --coverage"
+
+script: 
+  - lua test.lua
+
+after_success:
+    - coveralls
+
+notifications:
+  email:
+    on_success: change
+    on_failure: always
+
+# vim: ft=yaml nu et sw=2 fdc=2 fdm=syntax
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a5c428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# lua-fmt - A fmtlib implement for Lua
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/starwing/lua-fmt.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/starwing/lua-fmt)[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/starwing/lua-fmt/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/starwing/lua-fmt?branch=master)
+
+
+Lua-fmt is a fmt like simple C module for Lua to format string.
+
+The format syntax is same with
+[fmtlib](https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html), which is same with
+Python's `format` routine.
+
+## Install
+
+The simplest way to install it is using Luarocks:
+
+```shell
+luarocks install --server=https://luarocks.org/dev lua-fmt
+```
+
+Or, just compile the single C file:
+
+```shell
+# Linux
+gcc -o lfmt.so -O3 -fPIC -shared lfmt.c
+# macOS
+gcc -o lfmt.so -O3 -fPIC -shared -undefined dynamic_lookup lfmt.c
+# Windows
+cl /Fe lfmt.dll /LD /MT /O2 /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL /Ipath/to/lua/include lfmt.c path/to/lua/lib
+```
+
+# Example
+
+```lua
+local fmt = require "fmt"
+
+-- automatic indexed argument
+print(fmt("{} {} {}", 1,2, 3)) --> "1 2 3"
+
+-- manual indexed argument
+print(fmt("{2}, {1}", "World", "Hello")) --> "Hello, World"
+
+-- named indexed argument
+print(fmt("{name} is {type}", { name = "foo", type = "bar" })) --> "foo is bar"
+print(fmt("{t.name} is {t.type}", {t = { name = "foo", type = "bar" }})) --> "foo is bar"
+
+-- format specifier
+print(fmt("{:b}", 42)) --> "101010"
+
+```
+
+## Document
+
+Mostly same as [fmtlib](https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html).
+
+Format strings contain “replacement fields” surrounded by curly braces
+`{}`. Anything that is not contained in braces is considered literal
+text, which is copied unchanged to the output. If you need to include
+a brace character in the literal text, it can be escaped by doubling:
+`{{` and `}}`.
+
+The grammar for a replacement field is as follows:
+
+```
+replacement_field ::=  "{" [arg_id] [":" format_spec] "}"
+arg_id            ::=  field_name accessor*
+field_name        ::=  integer | identifier
+accessor          ::=  "." field_name | "[" key_name "]"
+key_name          ::=  field_name | <any chars except ']'>*
+integer           ::=  digit+
+digit             ::=  "0"..."9"
+identifier        ::=  id_start id_continue*
+id_start          ::=  "a"..."z" | "A"..."Z" | "_"
+id_continue       ::=  id_start | digit
+```
+
+the mainly difference is the support of accessor, which is supported
+by Python but not by fmtlib.
+
+- - -
+
+“Format specifications” are used within replacement fields contained
+within a format string to define how individual values are presented.
+Each formattable type may define how the format specification is to be
+interpreted.
+
+Most built-in types implement the following options for format
+specifications, although some of the formatting options are only
+supported by the numeric types.
+
+The general form of a standard format specifier is:
+
+```
+format_spec ::=  [[fill]align][sign]["#"]["0"][width][grouping]["." precision][type]
+fill        ::=  <a character other than '{' or '}'>
+align       ::=  "<" | ">" | "^"
+sign        ::=  "+" | "-" | " "
+width       ::=  integer | "{" [arg_id] "}"
+grouping    ::=  "_" | ","
+precision   ::=  integer | "{" [arg_id] "}"
+type        ::=  int_type | flt_type | str_type
+int_type    ::=  "b" | "B" | "d" | "o" | "x" | "X" | "c"
+flt_type    ::=  "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "%"
+str_type    ::=  "p" | "s"
+```
+
+Differences (all exists in Python):
+- add grouping support for int_type: `"{:_}"` e.g. `"10_000"`
+- add `"%"` specifier for float type: `"{:%}"` e.g. `"100.0%"`
+
+Lua type vs. type specifiers:
+| Lua Type  | Type specifiers    |
+| --------- | ------------------ |
+| "integer" | `int_type` |
+| "float"   | `flt_type` |
+| Others    | `str_type` |
+
+
diff --git a/lfmt.c b/lfmt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93f8a17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lfmt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+#define LUA_LIB
+#include <lua.h>
+#include <lauxlib.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <float.h>
+
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
+static void luaL_tolstring(lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+    int tt;
+    const char *kind;
+    if (luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) {
+        if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+            luaL_error(L, "'__tostring' must return a string");
+        return;
+    }
+    switch (lua_type(L, idx)) {
+    case LUA_TSTRING:
+        lua_pushvalue(L, idx); break;
+    case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+        lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, idx) ? "true" : "false"));
+        break;
+    case LUA_TNIL:
+        lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+        break;
+    default: 
+        tt = luaL_getmetafield(L, idx, "__name");
+        kind = (tt == LUA_TSTRING) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) :
+            luaL_typename(L, idx);
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", kind, lua_topointer(L, idx));
+        if (tt != LUA_TNIL) lua_remove(L, -2);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 502
+static lua_Integer lua_tointegerx(lua_State *L, int idx, int *isint) { 
+    lua_Integer i = lua_tointeger(L, idx);
+    *isint = i == 0 ? lua_type(L, idx)==LUA_TNUMBER : lua_tonumber(L, idx)==i;
+    return i;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 503
+static void lua_geti(lua_State *L, int idx, int i)
+{ lua_pushinteger(L, i); lua_gettable(L, idx); }
+
+static int lua_isinteger(lua_State *L, int idx) {
+    lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, idx);
+    if (v == 0.0 && lua_type(L,idx) != LUA_TNUMBER) return 0;
+    return (lua_Number)(lua_Integer)v == v;
+}
+#endif
+
+typedef struct fmt_State {
+    lua_State *L;
+    luaL_Buffer B;
+    int idx, top, zeroing;
+    const char *p, *e;
+} fmt_State;
+
+
+/* read argid */
+
+#define fmt_value(S,i)  ((S)->top+(i))
+#define fmt_isdigit(ch) ((ch) >= '0' && (ch) <= '9')
+#define fmt_isalpha(ch) ((ch) == '_' \
+        || ((ch) >= 'A' && (ch) <= 'Z') \
+        || ((ch) >= 'a' && (ch) <= 'z'))
+
+static int fmt_integer(fmt_State *S, int *pv) {
+    const char *p = S->p;
+    unsigned idx = 0;
+    while (p < S->e && fmt_isdigit(*p)) {
+        if (idx > INT_MAX/10 || (idx == INT_MAX/10 && *p++ > INT_MAX%10))
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "Too many decimal digits in format string");
+        idx = idx*10 + (*p++ - '0');
+    }
+    if (p == S->p) return 0;
+    if (pv) *pv = (int)idx;
+    S->p = p;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int fmt_identity(fmt_State *S) {
+    const char *p = S->p;
+    if (fmt_isalpha(*p))
+        while (++p < S->e && (fmt_isalpha(*p) || fmt_isdigit(*p)))
+            ;
+    if (p == S->p) return 0;
+    lua_pushlstring(S->L, S->p, p - S->p);
+    S->p = p;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int fmt_accessor(fmt_State *S, int to) {
+    /* "." (number | identity) | "[" <anychar except ']'> "]" */
+    while (*S->p == '.' || *S->p == '[') {
+        int idx;
+        const char *p = ++S->p;
+        if (p[-1] == '.') {
+            if (fmt_integer(S, &idx))
+                lua_geti(S->L, to, idx);
+            else if (fmt_identity(S))
+                lua_gettable(S->L, to);
+            else luaL_error(S->L, "unexpected '%c' in field name", *S->p);
+        } else if (fmt_integer(S, &idx) && *S->p == ']')
+            lua_geti(S->L, to, idx), ++S->p;
+        else {
+            while (p < S->e && *p != ']') ++p;
+            if (p == S->e)
+                return luaL_error(S->L, "expected '}' before end of string");
+            lua_pushlstring(S->L, S->p, p - S->p);
+            S->p = p + 1;
+            lua_gettable(S->L, to);
+        }
+        lua_replace(S->L, to);
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int fmt_checkidx(fmt_State *S, int haskey) {
+    if (haskey) {
+        if (S->idx > 1)
+            return luaL_error(S->L,
+                    "cannot switch from automatic field numbering"
+                    " to manual field specification");
+        return S->idx = 0;
+    } else {
+        if (S->idx == 0)
+            return luaL_error(S->L,
+                    "cannot switch from manual field specification"
+                    " to automatic field numbering");
+        return ++S->idx;
+    }
+}
+
+static int fmt_argid(fmt_State *S, int to) {
+    /* [(number | identity) [accessor]] */
+    int idx;
+    if (*S->p == ':' || *S->p == '}') {
+        if (S->idx >= S->top)
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "automatic index out of range");
+        lua_pushvalue(S->L, fmt_checkidx(S, 0));
+    } else if (fmt_integer(S, &idx)) {
+        fmt_checkidx(S, 1);
+        if (idx < 1 || idx > S->top)
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "argument index out of range");
+        lua_pushvalue(S->L, idx+1);
+    } else {
+        fmt_checkidx(S, 1);
+        if (!fmt_identity(S))
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "unexpected '%c' in field name", *S->p);
+        lua_gettable(S->L, 2);
+    }
+    lua_replace(S->L, to);
+    return fmt_accessor(S, to);
+}
+
+
+/* read spec */
+
+static int fmt_checkspec(fmt_State *S)
+{ return S->p < S->e ? 1 : luaL_error(S->L, "unmatched '{' in format spec"); }
+
+static int fmt_readchar(fmt_State *S)
+{ int ch = *S->p++; fmt_checkspec(S); return ch; }
+
+typedef struct fmt_Spec {
+    int fill;
+    int align;
+    int sign;
+    int alter;
+    int zero;
+    int width;
+    int grouping;
+    int precision;
+    int type;
+} fmt_Spec;
+
+static int fmt_readint(fmt_State *S, int required, const char *name) {
+    int isint, v = 0;
+    if (*S->p != '{') {
+        if (!fmt_integer(S, &v) && required)
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "Format specifier missing %s", name);
+        fmt_checkspec(S);
+    } else {
+        ++S->p;
+        fmt_argid(S, fmt_value(S, 2));
+        if (*S->p != '}')
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "unexpected '%c' in field name", *S->p);
+        ++S->p;
+        v = lua_tointegerx(S->L, fmt_value(S, 2), &isint);
+        if (!isint)
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "integer expected for %s, got %s",
+                    name, luaL_typename(S->L, fmt_value(S, 2)));
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
+static int fmt_spec(fmt_State *S, fmt_Spec *d) {
+    /* [[fill]align][sign]["#"]["0"][width][grouping]["." precision][type] */
+    if (*S->p == '<' || *S->p == '>' || *S->p == '^')
+        d->align = fmt_readchar(S);
+    else if (S->p[1] == '<' || S->p[1] == '>' || S->p[1] == '^')
+        d->fill  = fmt_readchar(S), d->align = fmt_readchar(S);
+    if (*S->p == '+' || *S->p == '-' || *S->p == ' ')
+        d->sign = fmt_readchar(S);
+    if (*S->p == '#') d->alter = fmt_readchar(S);
+    if (*S->p == '0') d->zero  = fmt_readchar(S);
+    d->width = fmt_readint(S, 0, "width");
+    if (*S->p == '_' || *S->p == ',') d->grouping = fmt_readchar(S);
+    if (*S->p == '.') ++S->p, d->precision = fmt_readint(S, 1, "precision");
+    if (*S->p != '}') {
+        const char *p = S->p++;
+        d->type = *p;
+        if (*S->p != '}') {
+            while (S->p < S->e && *S->p != '}') ++S->p;
+            fmt_checkspec(S);
+            return luaL_error(S->L, "Invalid format specifier: '%s'", p);
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* write spec */
+
+#define FMT_DELIMITPOS  3
+#define FMT_UTF8BUFFSIZ 8
+#define FMT_FMTLEN      10 /* "%#.99f" */
+#define FMT_INTBUFFSIZ  100
+#define FMT_FLTBUFFSIZ  (110 + FLT_MAX_10_EXP)
+
+static void fmt_addpadding(fmt_State *S, int ch, size_t len) {
+    char *s;
+    if (ch == 0) ch = ' ';
+    while (len > LUAL_BUFFERSIZE) {
+        s = luaL_prepbuffer(&S->B);
+        memset(s, ch, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+        luaL_addsize(&S->B, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+        len -= LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;
+    }
+    s = luaL_prepbuffer(&S->B);
+    memset(s, ch, len);
+    luaL_addsize(&S->B, len);
+}
+
+static void fmt_addzeroing(fmt_State *S, const fmt_Spec *d, size_t len) {
+    char *s;
+    if (!d->zero || d->grouping == 0) {
+         fmt_addpadding(S, d->fill ? d->fill : d->zero, len);
+         return;
+    }
+    s = luaL_prepbuffer(&S->B);
+    if (len > (size_t)S->zeroing) {
+        int pref = (len - S->zeroing) % 4;
+        if (pref > 2) *s++ = '0', luaL_addsize(&S->B, 1);
+        if (pref > 0) *s++ = '0', *s++ = d->grouping, luaL_addsize(&S->B, 2);
+        len -= pref;
+        while (len > 4) {
+            size_t curr = len > LUAL_BUFFERSIZE ? LUAL_BUFFERSIZE : len;
+            s = luaL_prepbuffer(&S->B);
+            while (curr > 4) {
+                s[0] = s[1] = s[2] = '0', s[3] = d->grouping;
+                s += 4, luaL_addsize(&S->B, 4), curr -= 4, len -= 4;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    memset(s, '0', len), luaL_addsize(&S->B, len);
+}
+
+static int fmt_addstring(fmt_State *S, int shrink, size_t width, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    size_t len, plen;
+    const char *s = lua_tolstring(S->L, fmt_value(S,1), &len);
+    if (shrink && d->precision)
+        len = len > (size_t)d->precision ? (size_t)d->precision : len;
+    if (len > width) {
+        lua_pushvalue(S->L, fmt_value(S,1));
+        luaL_addvalue(&S->B);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    plen = width - (int)len;
+    switch (d->align) {
+    case 0:
+    case '<': fmt_addzeroing(S, d, plen);
+              luaL_addlstring(&S->B, s, len); break;
+    case '>': luaL_addlstring(&S->B, s, len);
+              fmt_addpadding(S, d->fill, plen); break;
+    case '^': fmt_addpadding(S, d->fill, plen/2);
+              luaL_addlstring(&S->B, s, len);
+              fmt_addpadding(S, d->fill, plen - plen/2); break;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int fmt_dumpstr(fmt_State *S, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    if (d->type != 0 && d->type != 's' && d->type != 'p')
+        return luaL_error(S->L,
+                "Unknown format code '%c' for object of type 'string'", d->type);
+    if (d->sign)     return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Sign not allowed in string format specifier");
+    if (d->alter)    return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Alternate form (#) not allowed in string format specifier");
+    if (d->zero)     return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Zero form (0) not allowed in string format specifier");
+    if (d->grouping) return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Grouping form (%c) not allowed in string format specifier",
+            d->grouping);
+    return fmt_addstring(S, 1, d->width, d);
+}
+
+static void fmt_pushutf8(fmt_State *S, unsigned long x) {
+    int n = 1;
+    char buff[FMT_UTF8BUFFSIZ];
+    if (x < 0x80)
+        buff[FMT_UTF8BUFFSIZ - 1] = (char)x;
+    else {
+        unsigned int mfb = 0x3f;
+        do {
+            buff[FMT_UTF8BUFFSIZ - (n++)] = (char)(0x80 | (x & 0x3f));
+            x >>= 6;
+            mfb >>= 1;
+        } while (x > mfb);
+        buff[FMT_UTF8BUFFSIZ - n] = (char)((~mfb << 1) | x);
+    }
+    lua_pushlstring(S->L, buff + FMT_UTF8BUFFSIZ - n, n);
+}
+
+static int fmt_dumpchar(fmt_State *S, lua_Integer cp, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    if (d->sign)                return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Sign not allowed with integer format specifier 'c'");
+    if (d->alter)               return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Alternate form (#) not allowed with integer format specifier 'c'");
+    if (d->zero)                return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Zero form (0) not allowed with integer format specifier 'c'");
+    if (d->grouping)            return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Cannot specify '%c' with 'c'", d->grouping);
+    if (cp < 0 || cp > INT_MAX) return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "'c' arg not in range(%d)", INT_MAX);
+    fmt_pushutf8(S, (unsigned long)cp);
+    lua_replace(S->L, fmt_value(S,1));
+    return fmt_addstring(S, 0, d->width, d);
+}
+
+static int fmt_writesign(int sign, int dsign) {
+    switch (dsign) {
+    case '+': return sign ? '+' : '-';
+    case ' ': return sign ? ' ' : '-';
+    default:  return sign ?  0  : '-';
+    }
+}
+
+static int fmt_writeint(char **pp, lua_Integer v, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    const char *hexa = "0123456789abcdef";
+    int radix = 10, zeroing;
+    char *p = *pp;
+    switch (d->type) {
+    case 'b': case 'B': radix =  2; break;
+    case 'o': case 'O': radix =  8; break;
+    case 'X': hexa = "0123456789ABCDEF"; /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 'x':           radix = 16; break;
+    }
+    zeroing = d->grouping ? FMT_DELIMITPOS : 0;
+    while (*--p = hexa[v % radix], v /= radix, --zeroing, v)
+        if (!zeroing) zeroing = FMT_DELIMITPOS, *--p = d->grouping;
+    *pp = p;
+    return zeroing;
+}
+
+static int fmt_dumpint(fmt_State *S, lua_Integer v, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    char buff[FMT_INTBUFFSIZ], *p = buff + FMT_INTBUFFSIZ, *dp;
+    int sign = !(v < 0), width = d->width;
+    if (!sign) v = -v;
+    S->zeroing = fmt_writeint(&p, v, d);
+    dp = p;
+    if (d->alter && d->type != 0 && d->type != 'd')
+        *--p = d->type, *--p = '0';
+    if ((p[-1] = fmt_writesign(sign, d->sign)) != 0) --p;
+    if (!d->zero || d->width <= FMT_INTBUFFSIZ - (p-buff))
+        lua_pushlstring(S->L, p, FMT_INTBUFFSIZ - (p-buff));
+    else {
+        luaL_addlstring(&S->B, p, dp - p);
+        width -= (dp - p);
+        lua_pushlstring(S->L, dp, FMT_INTBUFFSIZ - (dp-buff));
+    }
+    lua_replace(S->L, fmt_value(S,1));
+    return fmt_addstring(S, 0, width, d);
+}
+
+static int fmt_writeflt(char *s, size_t n, lua_Number v, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    int type = d->type ? d->type : 'g';
+    int (*ptr_snprintf)(char *s, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...) = snprintf;
+    char fmt[FMT_FMTLEN];
+    const char *percent = "";
+    if (d->type == '%') type = 'f', v *= 100.0, percent = "%%";
+    if (d->precision)
+        ptr_snprintf(fmt, FMT_FMTLEN, "%%%s.%d%c%s",
+                d->alter ? "#" : "", d->precision, type, percent);
+    else if ((lua_Number)(lua_Integer)v == v)
+        ptr_snprintf(fmt, FMT_FMTLEN, "%%.1f%s", percent);
+    else
+        ptr_snprintf(fmt, FMT_FMTLEN, "%%%s%c%s",
+                d->alter ? "#" : "", type, percent);
+    return ptr_snprintf(s, n, fmt, v);
+}
+
+static int fmt_dumpflt(fmt_State *S, lua_Number v, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    int sign = !(v < 0), len, width = d->width;
+    char buff[FMT_FLTBUFFSIZ], *p = buff;
+    if (d->precision > 99) return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "precision specifier too large");
+    if (d->grouping)       return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "Grouping form (%c) not allowed in float format specifier",
+            d->grouping);
+    if (!sign) v = -v;
+    if ((*p = fmt_writesign(sign, d->sign)) != 0) ++p;
+    len = fmt_writeflt(p, FMT_FLTBUFFSIZ - (p-buff), v, d);
+    if (!d->zero || width <= len)
+        lua_pushlstring(S->L, buff, len + (p-buff));
+    else {
+        if (p != buff) luaL_addlstring(&S->B, buff, p-buff);
+        width -= p-buff;
+        lua_pushlstring(S->L, p, len);
+    }
+    lua_replace(S->L, fmt_value(S,1));
+    return fmt_addstring(S, 0, width, d);
+}
+
+static int fmt_dumpnumber(fmt_State *S, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    int type = d->type;
+    if (type == 0) type = lua_isinteger(S->L, fmt_value(S,1)) ? 'd' : 'g';
+    switch (type) {
+    case 'c':
+        return fmt_dumpchar(S, lua_tointeger(S->L, fmt_value(S,1)), d);
+    case 'd': case 'b': case 'B': case 'o': case 'O': case 'x': case 'X':
+        return fmt_dumpint(S, lua_tointeger(S->L, fmt_value(S,1)), d);
+    case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'F': case 'g': case 'G': case '%':
+        return fmt_dumpflt(S, lua_tonumber(S->L, fmt_value(S,1)), d);
+    default: return luaL_error(S->L,
+                     "Unknown format code '%c' for object of type 'number'",
+                     d->type);
+    }
+}
+
+static int fmt_dump(fmt_State *S, const fmt_Spec *d) {
+    int type = lua_type(S->L, fmt_value(S,1));
+    if (type == LUA_TNUMBER)
+        return fmt_dumpnumber(S, d);
+    else {
+        if (d->type != 'p')
+            luaL_tolstring(S->L, fmt_value(S,1), NULL);
+        else {
+            if (type == LUA_TNIL || type == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+                return luaL_error(S->L,
+                        "Unknown format code '%c' for object of type '%s'",
+                        d->type, lua_typename(S->L, type));
+            lua_pushfstring(S->L, "%p", lua_topointer(S->L, fmt_value(S,1)));
+        }
+        lua_replace(S->L, fmt_value(S,1));
+        return fmt_dumpstr(S, d);
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* format */
+
+static int fmt_parse(fmt_State *S, fmt_Spec *d) {
+    /* "{" [arg_id] [":" format_spec] "}" */
+    fmt_argid(S, fmt_value(S, 1));
+    if (*S->p == ':' && ++S->p < S->e)
+        fmt_spec(S, d);
+    if (S->p >= S->e || *S->p != '}') return luaL_error(S->L,
+            "expected '}' before end of string");
+    ++S->p;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int fmt_format(fmt_State *S) {
+    lua_settop(S->L, fmt_value(S, 2));
+    luaL_buffinit(S->L, &S->B);
+    while (S->p < S->e) {
+        const char *p = S->p;
+        while (p < S->e && *p != '{' && *p != '}') ++p;
+        luaL_addlstring(&S->B, S->p, p - S->p), S->p = p;
+        if (*S->p == S->p[1])
+            luaL_addchar(&S->B, *S->p), S->p += 2;
+        else {
+            fmt_Spec d;
+            if (*S->p++ == '}' || S->p >= S->e) return luaL_error(S->L,
+                    "Single '%c' encountered in format string", S->p[-1]);
+            memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
+            fmt_parse(S, &d);
+            fmt_dump(S, &d);
+        }
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&S->B);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int Lformat(lua_State *L) {
+    size_t len;
+    fmt_State S;
+    S.p   = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+    S.e   = S.p + len;
+    S.L   = L;
+    S.idx = 1;
+    S.top = lua_gettop(L);
+    return fmt_format(&S);
+}
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_fmt(lua_State *L) {
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, Lformat);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* cc: flags+='-O3 --coverage -pedantic -I/usr/local/include/luajit-2.0'
+ * unixcc: flags+='-shared -fPIC' output='fmt.so'
+ * maccc: flags+='-undefined dynamic_lookup'
+ * win32cc: flags+='-s -mdll -DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL '
+ * win32cc: libs+='-llua53' output='fmt.dll' */
+
diff --git a/luaunit.lua b/luaunit.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aaabc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/luaunit.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,3207 @@
+--[[
+        luaunit.lua
+
+Description: A unit testing framework
+Homepage: https://github.com/bluebird75/luaunit
+Development by Philippe Fremy <phil@freehackers.org>
+Based on initial work of Ryu, Gwang (http://www.gpgstudy.com/gpgiki/LuaUnit)
+License: BSD License, see LICENSE.txt
+]]--
+
+require("math")
+local M={}
+
+-- private exported functions (for testing)
+M.private = {}
+
+M.VERSION='3.4-dev'
+M._VERSION=M.VERSION -- For LuaUnit v2 compatibility
+
+-- a version which distinguish between regular Lua and LuaJit
+M._LUAVERSION = (jit and jit.version) or _VERSION
+
+--[[ Some people like assertEquals( actual, expected ) and some people prefer
+assertEquals( expected, actual ).
+]]--
+M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED = true
+M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG = false
+M.LINE_LENGTH = 80
+M.TABLE_DIFF_ANALYSIS_THRESHOLD = 10    -- display deep analysis for more than 10 items
+M.LIST_DIFF_ANALYSIS_THRESHOLD  = 10    -- display deep analysis for more than 10 items
+
+--[[ EPS is meant to help with Lua's floating point math in simple corner
+cases like almostEquals(1.1-0.1, 1), which may not work as-is (e.g. on numbers
+with rational binary representation) if the user doesn't provide some explicit
+error margin.
+
+The default margin used by almostEquals() in such cases is EPS; and since
+Lua may be compiled with different numeric precisions (single vs. double), we
+try to select a useful default for it dynamically. Note: If the initial value
+is not acceptable, it can be changed by the user to better suit specific needs.
+
+See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_epsilon
+]]
+M.EPS = 2^-52 -- = machine epsilon for "double", ~2.22E-16
+if math.abs(1.1 - 1 - 0.1) > M.EPS then
+    -- rounding error is above EPS, assume single precision
+    M.EPS = 2^-23 -- = machine epsilon for "float", ~1.19E-07
+end
+
+-- set this to false to debug luaunit
+local STRIP_LUAUNIT_FROM_STACKTRACE = true
+
+M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT = 10
+M.VERBOSITY_LOW     = 1
+M.VERBOSITY_QUIET   = 0
+M.VERBOSITY_VERBOSE = 20
+M.DEFAULT_DEEP_ANALYSIS = nil
+M.FORCE_DEEP_ANALYSIS   = true
+M.DISABLE_DEEP_ANALYSIS = false
+
+-- set EXPORT_ASSERT_TO_GLOBALS to have all asserts visible as global values
+-- EXPORT_ASSERT_TO_GLOBALS = true
+
+-- we need to keep a copy of the script args before it is overriden
+local cmdline_argv = rawget(_G, "arg")
+
+M.FAILURE_PREFIX = 'LuaUnit test FAILURE: ' -- prefix string for failed tests
+M.SUCCESS_PREFIX = 'LuaUnit test SUCCESS: ' -- prefix string for successful tests finished early
+M.SKIP_PREFIX    = 'LuaUnit test SKIP:    ' -- prefix string for skipped tests
+
+
+
+M.USAGE=[[Usage: lua <your_test_suite.lua> [options] [testname1 [testname2] ... ]
+Options:
+  -h, --help:             Print this help
+  --version:              Print version information
+  -v, --verbose:          Increase verbosity
+  -q, --quiet:            Set verbosity to minimum
+  -e, --error:            Stop on first error
+  -f, --failure:          Stop on first failure or error
+  -s, --shuffle:          Shuffle tests before running them
+  -o, --output OUTPUT:    Set output type to OUTPUT
+                          Possible values: text, tap, junit, nil
+  -n, --name NAME:        For junit only, mandatory name of xml file
+  -r, --repeat NUM:       Execute all tests NUM times, e.g. to trig the JIT
+  -p, --pattern PATTERN:  Execute all test names matching the Lua PATTERN
+                          May be repeated to include several patterns
+                          Make sure you escape magic chars like +? with %
+  -x, --exclude PATTERN:  Exclude all test names matching the Lua PATTERN
+                          May be repeated to exclude several patterns
+                          Make sure you escape magic chars like +? with %
+  testname1, testname2, ... : tests to run in the form of testFunction,
+                              TestClass or TestClass.testMethod
+]]
+
+local is_equal -- defined here to allow calling from mismatchFormattingPureList
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+--                 general utility functions
+--
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function pcall_or_abort(func, ...)
+    -- unpack is a global function for Lua 5.1, otherwise use table.unpack
+    local unpack = rawget(_G, "unpack") or table.unpack
+    local result = {pcall(func, ...)}
+    if not result[1] then
+        -- an error occurred
+        print(result[2]) -- error message
+        print()
+        print(M.USAGE)
+        os.exit(-1)
+    end
+    return unpack(result, 2)
+end
+
+local crossTypeOrdering = {
+    number = 1, boolean = 2, string = 3, table = 4, other = 5
+}
+local crossTypeComparison = {
+    number = function(a, b) return a < b end,
+    string = function(a, b) return a < b end,
+    other = function(a, b) return tostring(a) < tostring(b) end,
+}
+
+local function crossTypeSort(a, b)
+    local type_a, type_b = type(a), type(b)
+    if type_a == type_b then
+        local func = crossTypeComparison[type_a] or crossTypeComparison.other
+        return func(a, b)
+    end
+    type_a = crossTypeOrdering[type_a] or crossTypeOrdering.other
+    type_b = crossTypeOrdering[type_b] or crossTypeOrdering.other
+    return type_a < type_b
+end
+
+local function __genSortedIndex( t )
+    -- Returns a sequence consisting of t's keys, sorted.
+    local sortedIndex = {}
+
+    for key,_ in pairs(t) do
+        table.insert(sortedIndex, key)
+    end
+
+    table.sort(sortedIndex, crossTypeSort)
+    return sortedIndex
+end
+M.private.__genSortedIndex = __genSortedIndex
+
+local function sortedNext(state, control)
+    -- Equivalent of the next() function of table iteration, but returns the
+    -- keys in sorted order (see __genSortedIndex and crossTypeSort).
+    -- The state is a temporary variable during iteration and contains the
+    -- sorted key table (state.sortedIdx). It also stores the last index (into
+    -- the keys) used by the iteration, to find the next one quickly.
+    local key
+
+    --print("sortedNext: control = "..tostring(control) )
+    if control == nil then
+        -- start of iteration
+        state.count = #state.sortedIdx
+        state.lastIdx = 1
+        key = state.sortedIdx[1]
+        return key, state.t[key]
+    end
+
+    -- normally, we expect the control variable to match the last key used
+    if control ~= state.sortedIdx[state.lastIdx] then
+        -- strange, we have to find the next value by ourselves
+        -- the key table is sorted in crossTypeSort() order! -> use bisection
+        local lower, upper = 1, state.count
+        repeat
+            state.lastIdx = math.modf((lower + upper) / 2)
+            key = state.sortedIdx[state.lastIdx]
+            if key == control then
+                break -- key found (and thus prev index)
+            end
+            if crossTypeSort(key, control) then
+                -- key < control, continue search "right" (towards upper bound)
+                lower = state.lastIdx + 1
+            else
+                -- key > control, continue search "left" (towards lower bound)
+                upper = state.lastIdx - 1
+            end
+        until lower > upper
+        if lower > upper then -- only true if the key wasn't found, ...
+            state.lastIdx = state.count -- ... so ensure no match in code below
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- proceed by retrieving the next value (or nil) from the sorted keys
+    state.lastIdx = state.lastIdx + 1
+    key = state.sortedIdx[state.lastIdx]
+    if key then
+        return key, state.t[key]
+    end
+
+    -- getting here means returning `nil`, which will end the iteration
+end
+
+local function sortedPairs(tbl)
+    -- Equivalent of the pairs() function on tables. Allows to iterate in
+    -- sorted order. As required by "generic for" loops, this will return the
+    -- iterator (function), an "invariant state", and the initial control value.
+    -- (see http://www.lua.org/pil/7.2.html)
+    return sortedNext, {t = tbl, sortedIdx = __genSortedIndex(tbl)}, nil
+end
+M.private.sortedPairs = sortedPairs
+
+-- seed the random with a strongly varying seed
+math.randomseed(os.clock()*1E11)
+
+local function randomizeTable( t )
+    -- randomize the item orders of the table t
+    for i = #t, 2, -1 do
+        local j = math.random(i)
+        if i ~= j then
+            t[i], t[j] = t[j], t[i]
+        end
+    end
+end
+M.private.randomizeTable = randomizeTable
+
+local function strsplit(delimiter, text)
+-- Split text into a list consisting of the strings in text, separated
+-- by strings matching delimiter (which may _NOT_ be a pattern).
+-- Example: strsplit(", ", "Anna, Bob, Charlie, Dolores")
+    if delimiter == "" or delimiter == nil then -- this would result in endless loops
+        error("delimiter is nil or empty string!")
+    end
+    if text == nil then
+        return nil
+    end
+
+    local list, pos, first, last = {}, 1
+    while true do
+        first, last = text:find(delimiter, pos, true)
+        if first then -- found?
+            table.insert(list, text:sub(pos, first - 1))
+            pos = last + 1
+        else
+            table.insert(list, text:sub(pos))
+            break
+        end
+    end
+    return list
+end
+M.private.strsplit = strsplit
+
+local function hasNewLine( s )
+    -- return true if s has a newline
+    return (string.find(s, '\n', 1, true) ~= nil)
+end
+M.private.hasNewLine = hasNewLine
+
+local function prefixString( prefix, s )
+    -- Prefix all the lines of s with prefix
+    return prefix .. string.gsub(s, '\n', '\n' .. prefix)
+end
+M.private.prefixString = prefixString
+
+local function strMatch(s, pattern, start, final )
+    -- return true if s matches completely the pattern from index start to index end
+    -- return false in every other cases
+    -- if start is nil, matches from the beginning of the string
+    -- if final is nil, matches to the end of the string
+    start = start or 1
+    final = final or string.len(s)
+
+    local foundStart, foundEnd = string.find(s, pattern, start, false)
+    return foundStart == start and foundEnd == final
+end
+M.private.strMatch = strMatch
+
+local function patternFilter(patterns, expr)
+    -- Run `expr` through the inclusion and exclusion rules defined in patterns
+    -- and return true if expr shall be included, false for excluded.
+    -- Inclusion pattern are defined as normal patterns, exclusions 
+    -- patterns start with `!` and are followed by a normal pattern
+
+    -- result: nil = UNKNOWN (not matched yet), true = ACCEPT, false = REJECT
+    -- default: true if no explicit "include" is found, set to false otherwise
+    local default, result = true, nil
+
+    if patterns ~= nil then
+        for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do
+            local exclude = pattern:sub(1,1) == '!'
+            if exclude then
+                pattern = pattern:sub(2)
+            else
+                -- at least one include pattern specified, a match is required
+                default = false
+            end
+            -- print('pattern: ',pattern)
+            -- print('exclude: ',exclude)
+            -- print('default: ',default)
+
+            if string.find(expr, pattern) then
+                -- set result to false when excluding, true otherwise
+                result = not exclude
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    if result ~= nil then
+        return result
+    end
+    return default
+end
+M.private.patternFilter = patternFilter
+
+local function xmlEscape( s )
+    -- Return s escaped for XML attributes
+    -- escapes table:
+    -- "   &quot;
+    -- '   &apos;
+    -- <   &lt;
+    -- >   &gt;
+    -- &   &amp;
+
+    return string.gsub( s, '.', {
+        ['&'] = "&amp;",
+        ['"'] = "&quot;",
+        ["'"] = "&apos;",
+        ['<'] = "&lt;",
+        ['>'] = "&gt;",
+    } )
+end
+M.private.xmlEscape = xmlEscape
+
+local function xmlCDataEscape( s )
+    -- Return s escaped for CData section, escapes: "]]>"
+    return string.gsub( s, ']]>', ']]&gt;' )
+end
+M.private.xmlCDataEscape = xmlCDataEscape
+
+local function stripLuaunitTrace( stackTrace )
+    --[[
+    -- Example of  a traceback:
+    <<stack traceback:
+        example_with_luaunit.lua:130: in function 'test2_withFailure'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1449: in function <./luaunit.lua:1449>
+        [C]: in function 'xpcall'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1449: in function 'protectedCall'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1508: in function 'execOneFunction'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1596: in function 'runSuiteByInstances'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1660: in function 'runSuiteByNames'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1736: in function 'runSuite'
+        example_with_luaunit.lua:140: in main chunk
+        [C]: in ?>>
+
+        Other example:
+    <<stack traceback:
+        ./luaunit.lua:545: in function 'assertEquals'
+        example_with_luaunit.lua:58: in function 'TestToto.test7'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1517: in function <./luaunit.lua:1517>
+        [C]: in function 'xpcall'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1517: in function 'protectedCall'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1578: in function 'execOneFunction'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1677: in function 'runSuiteByInstances'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1730: in function 'runSuiteByNames'
+        ./luaunit.lua:1806: in function 'runSuite'
+        example_with_luaunit.lua:140: in main chunk
+        [C]: in ?>>
+
+    <<stack traceback:
+        luaunit2/example_with_luaunit.lua:124: in function 'test1_withFailure'
+        luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1532: in function <luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1532>
+        [C]: in function 'xpcall'
+        luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1532: in function 'protectedCall'
+        luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1591: in function 'execOneFunction'
+        luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1679: in function 'runSuiteByInstances'
+        luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1743: in function 'runSuiteByNames'
+        luaunit2/luaunit.lua:1819: in function 'runSuite'
+        luaunit2/example_with_luaunit.lua:140: in main chunk
+        [C]: in ?>>
+
+
+    -- first line is "stack traceback": KEEP
+    -- next line may be luaunit line: REMOVE
+    -- next lines are call in the program under testOk: REMOVE
+    -- next lines are calls from luaunit to call the program under test: KEEP
+
+    -- Strategy:
+    -- keep first line
+    -- remove lines that are part of luaunit
+    -- kepp lines until we hit a luaunit line
+    ]]
+
+    local function isLuaunitInternalLine( s )
+        -- return true if line of stack trace comes from inside luaunit
+        return s:find('[/\\]luaunit%.lua:%d+: ') ~= nil
+    end
+
+    -- print( '<<'..stackTrace..'>>' )
+
+    local t = strsplit( '\n', stackTrace )
+    -- print( prettystr(t) )
+
+    local idx = 2
+
+    -- remove lines that are still part of luaunit
+    while t[idx] and isLuaunitInternalLine( t[idx] ) do
+        -- print('Removing : '..t[idx] )
+        table.remove(t, idx)
+    end
+
+    -- keep lines until we hit luaunit again
+    while t[idx] and (not isLuaunitInternalLine(t[idx])) do
+        -- print('Keeping : '..t[idx] )
+        idx = idx + 1
+    end
+
+    -- remove remaining luaunit lines
+    while t[idx] do
+        -- print('Removing : '..t[idx] )
+        table.remove(t, idx)
+    end
+
+    -- print( prettystr(t) )
+    return table.concat( t, '\n')
+
+end
+M.private.stripLuaunitTrace = stripLuaunitTrace
+
+
+local function prettystr_sub(v, indentLevel, printTableRefs, cycleDetectTable )
+    local type_v = type(v)
+    if "string" == type_v  then
+        -- use clever delimiters according to content:
+        -- enclose with single quotes if string contains ", but no '
+        if v:find('"', 1, true) and not v:find("'", 1, true) then
+            return "'" .. v .. "'"
+        end
+        -- use double quotes otherwise, escape embedded "
+        return '"' .. v:gsub('"', '\\"') .. '"'
+
+    elseif "table" == type_v then
+        --if v.__class__ then
+        --    return string.gsub( tostring(v), 'table', v.__class__ )
+        --end
+        return M.private._table_tostring(v, indentLevel, printTableRefs, cycleDetectTable)
+
+    elseif "number" == type_v then
+        -- eliminate differences in formatting between various Lua versions
+        if v ~= v then
+            return "#NaN" -- "not a number"
+        end
+        if v == math.huge then
+            return "#Inf" -- "infinite"
+        end
+        if v == -math.huge then
+            return "-#Inf"
+        end
+        if _VERSION == "Lua 5.3" then
+            local i = math.tointeger(v)
+            if i then
+                return tostring(i)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    return tostring(v)
+end
+
+local function prettystr( v )
+    --[[ Pretty string conversion, to display the full content of a variable of any type.
+
+    * string are enclosed with " by default, or with ' if string contains a "
+    * tables are expanded to show their full content, with indentation in case of nested tables
+    ]]--
+    local cycleDetectTable = {}
+    local s = prettystr_sub(v, 1, M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG, cycleDetectTable)
+    if cycleDetectTable.detected and not M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG then
+        -- some table contain recursive references,
+        -- so we must recompute the value by including all table references
+        -- else the result looks like crap
+        cycleDetectTable = {}
+        s = prettystr_sub(v, 1, true, cycleDetectTable)
+    end
+    return s
+end
+M.prettystr = prettystr
+
+function M.adjust_err_msg_with_iter( err_msg, iter_msg )
+    --[[ Adjust the error message err_msg: trim the FAILURE_PREFIX or SUCCESS_PREFIX information if needed, 
+    add the iteration message if any and return the result.
+
+    err_msg:  string, error message captured with pcall
+    iter_msg: a string describing the current iteration ("iteration N") or nil
+              if there is no iteration in this test.
+
+    Returns: (new_err_msg, test_status)
+        new_err_msg: string, adjusted error message, or nil in case of success
+        test_status: M.NodeStatus.FAIL, SUCCESS or ERROR according to the information
+                     contained in the error message.
+    ]]
+    if iter_msg then
+        iter_msg = iter_msg..', '
+    else
+        iter_msg = ''
+    end
+
+    local RE_FILE_LINE = '.*:%d+: '
+
+    -- error message is not necessarily a string, 
+    -- so convert the value to string with prettystr()
+    if type( err_msg ) ~= 'string' then
+        err_msg = prettystr( err_msg )
+    end
+
+    if (err_msg:find( M.SUCCESS_PREFIX ) == 1) or err_msg:match( '('..RE_FILE_LINE..')' .. M.SUCCESS_PREFIX .. ".*" ) then
+        -- test finished early with success()
+        return nil, M.NodeStatus.SUCCESS
+    end
+
+    if (err_msg:find( M.SKIP_PREFIX ) == 1) or (err_msg:match( '('..RE_FILE_LINE..')' .. M.SKIP_PREFIX .. ".*" ) ~= nil) then
+        -- substitute prefix by iteration message
+        err_msg = err_msg:gsub('.*'..M.SKIP_PREFIX, iter_msg, 1)
+        -- print("failure detected")
+        return err_msg, M.NodeStatus.SKIP
+    end
+
+    if (err_msg:find( M.FAILURE_PREFIX ) == 1) or (err_msg:match( '('..RE_FILE_LINE..')' .. M.FAILURE_PREFIX .. ".*" ) ~= nil) then
+        -- substitute prefix by iteration message
+        err_msg = err_msg:gsub(M.FAILURE_PREFIX, iter_msg, 1)
+        -- print("failure detected")
+        return err_msg, M.NodeStatus.FAIL
+    end
+
+
+
+    -- print("error detected")
+    -- regular error, not a failure
+    if iter_msg then
+        local match
+        -- "./test\\test_luaunit.lua:2241: some error msg
+        match = err_msg:match( '(.*:%d+: ).*' ) 
+        if match then
+            err_msg = err_msg:gsub( match, match .. iter_msg )
+        else
+            -- no file:line: infromation, just add the iteration info at the beginning of the line
+            err_msg = iter_msg .. err_msg
+        end
+    end
+    return err_msg, M.NodeStatus.ERROR
+end
+
+local function tryMismatchFormatting( table_a, table_b, doDeepAnalysis )
+    --[[
+    Prepares a nice error message when comparing tables, performing a deeper 
+    analysis.
+
+    Arguments:
+    * table_a, table_b: tables to be compared
+    * doDeepAnalysis:
+        M.DEFAULT_DEEP_ANALYSIS: (the default if not specified) perform deep analysis only for big lists and big dictionnaries
+        M.FORCE_DEEP_ANALYSIS  : always perform deep analysis
+        M.DISABLE_DEEP_ANALYSIS: never perform deep analysis
+
+    Returns: {success, result}
+    * success: false if deep analysis could not be performed 
+               in this case, just use standard assertion message
+    * result: if success is true, a multi-line string with deep analysis of the two lists
+    ]]
+
+    -- check if table_a & table_b are suitable for deep analysis
+    if type(table_a) ~= 'table' or type(table_b) ~= 'table' then
+        return false
+    end
+
+    if doDeepAnalysis == M.DISABLE_DEEP_ANALYSIS then
+        return false
+    end
+
+    local len_a, len_b, isPureList = #table_a, #table_b, true
+
+    for k1, v1 in pairs(table_a) do
+        if type(k1) ~= 'number' or k1 > len_a then
+            -- this table a mapping
+            isPureList = false
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+    if isPureList then
+        for k2, v2 in pairs(table_b) do
+            if type(k2) ~= 'number' or k2 > len_b then
+                -- this table a mapping
+                isPureList = false
+                break
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    if isPureList and math.min(len_a, len_b) < M.LIST_DIFF_ANALYSIS_THRESHOLD then
+        if not (doDeepAnalysis == M.FORCE_DEEP_ANALYSIS) then
+            return false
+        end
+    end
+
+    if isPureList then
+        return M.private.mismatchFormattingPureList( table_a, table_b )
+    else
+        -- only work on mapping for the moment
+        -- return M.private.mismatchFormattingMapping( table_a, table_b, doDeepAnalysis )
+        return false
+    end
+end
+M.private.tryMismatchFormatting = tryMismatchFormatting
+
+local function getTaTbDescr()
+    if not M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED then
+        return 'expected', 'actual'
+    end
+    return 'actual', 'expected'
+end
+
+local function extendWithStrFmt( res, ... )
+    table.insert( res, string.format( ... ) )
+end
+
+local function mismatchFormattingMapping( table_a, table_b, doDeepAnalysis )
+    --[[
+    Prepares a nice error message when comparing tables which are not pure lists, performing a deeper 
+    analysis.
+
+    Returns: {success, result}
+    * success: false if deep analysis could not be performed 
+               in this case, just use standard assertion message
+    * result: if success is true, a multi-line string with deep analysis of the two lists
+    ]]
+
+    -- disable for the moment
+    --[[
+    local result = {}
+    local descrTa, descrTb = getTaTbDescr()
+
+    local keysCommon = {}
+    local keysOnlyTa = {}
+    local keysOnlyTb = {}
+    local keysDiffTaTb = {}
+
+    local k, v
+
+    for k,v in pairs( table_a ) do
+        if is_equal( v, table_b[k] ) then
+            table.insert( keysCommon, k )
+        else 
+            if table_b[k] == nil then
+                table.insert( keysOnlyTa, k )
+            else
+                table.insert( keysDiffTaTb, k )
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    for k,v in pairs( table_b ) do
+        if not is_equal( v, table_a[k] ) and table_a[k] == nil then
+            table.insert( keysOnlyTb, k )
+        end
+    end
+
+    local len_a = #keysCommon + #keysDiffTaTb + #keysOnlyTa
+    local len_b = #keysCommon + #keysDiffTaTb + #keysOnlyTb
+    local limited_display = (len_a < 5 or len_b < 5)
+
+    if math.min(len_a, len_b) < M.TABLE_DIFF_ANALYSIS_THRESHOLD then
+        return false
+    end
+
+    if not limited_display then
+        if len_a == len_b then
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, 'Table A (%s) and B (%s) both have %d items', descrTa, descrTb, len_a )
+        else
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, 'Table A (%s) has %d items and table B (%s) has %d items', descrTa, len_a, descrTb, len_b )
+            end
+
+        if #keysCommon == 0 and #keysDiffTaTb == 0 then
+            table.insert( result, 'Table A and B have no keys in common, they are totally different')
+        else
+            local s_other = 'other '
+            if #keysCommon then
+                extendWithStrFmt( result, 'Table A and B have %d identical items', #keysCommon )
+            else
+                table.insert( result, 'Table A and B have no identical items' )
+                s_other = ''
+            end
+
+            if #keysDiffTaTb ~= 0 then
+                result[#result] = string.format( '%s and %d items differing present in both tables', result[#result], #keysDiffTaTb)
+            else
+                result[#result] = string.format( '%s and no %sitems differing present in both tables', result[#result], s_other, #keysDiffTaTb)
+            end
+        end
+
+        extendWithStrFmt( result, 'Table A has %d keys not present in table B and table B has %d keys not present in table A', #keysOnlyTa, #keysOnlyTb ) 
+    end
+
+    local function keytostring(k)
+        if "string" == type(k) and k:match("^[_%a][_%w]*$") then
+            return k
+        end
+        return prettystr(k)
+    end
+
+    if #keysDiffTaTb ~= 0 then
+        table.insert( result, 'Items differing in A and B:')
+        for k,v in sortedPairs( keysDiffTaTb ) do
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  - A[%s]: %s', keytostring(v), prettystr(table_a[v]) )
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  + B[%s]: %s', keytostring(v), prettystr(table_b[v]) )
+        end
+    end    
+
+    if #keysOnlyTa ~= 0 then
+        table.insert( result, 'Items only in table A:' )
+        for k,v in sortedPairs( keysOnlyTa ) do
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  - A[%s]: %s', keytostring(v), prettystr(table_a[v]) )
+        end
+    end
+
+    if #keysOnlyTb ~= 0 then
+        table.insert( result, 'Items only in table B:' )
+        for k,v in sortedPairs( keysOnlyTb ) do
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  + B[%s]: %s', keytostring(v), prettystr(table_b[v]) )
+        end
+    end
+
+    if #keysCommon ~= 0 then
+        table.insert( result, 'Items common to A and B:')
+        for k,v in sortedPairs( keysCommon ) do
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  = A and B [%s]: %s', keytostring(v), prettystr(table_a[v]) )
+        end
+    end    
+
+    return true, table.concat( result, '\n')
+    ]]
+end
+M.private.mismatchFormattingMapping = mismatchFormattingMapping
+
+local function mismatchFormattingPureList( table_a, table_b )
+    --[[
+    Prepares a nice error message when comparing tables which are lists, performing a deeper 
+    analysis.
+
+    Returns: {success, result}
+    * success: false if deep analysis could not be performed 
+               in this case, just use standard assertion message
+    * result: if success is true, a multi-line string with deep analysis of the two lists
+    ]]
+    local result, descrTa, descrTb = {}, getTaTbDescr()
+
+    local len_a, len_b, refa, refb = #table_a, #table_b, '', ''
+    if M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG then
+        refa, refb = string.format( '<%s> ', M.private.table_ref(table_a)), string.format('<%s> ', M.private.table_ref(table_b) )
+    end
+    local longest, shortest = math.max(len_a, len_b), math.min(len_a, len_b)
+    local deltalv  = longest - shortest
+
+    local commonUntil = shortest
+    for i = 1, shortest do
+        if not is_equal(table_a[i], table_b[i]) then
+            commonUntil = i - 1
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+    local commonBackTo = shortest - 1
+    for i = 0, shortest - 1 do
+        if not is_equal(table_a[len_a-i], table_b[len_b-i]) then
+            commonBackTo = i - 1
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+
+    table.insert( result, 'List difference analysis:' )    
+    if len_a == len_b then
+        -- TODO: handle expected/actual naming
+        extendWithStrFmt( result, '* lists %sA (%s) and %sB (%s) have the same size', refa, descrTa, refb, descrTb )
+    else 
+        extendWithStrFmt( result, '* list sizes differ: list %sA (%s) has %d items, list %sB (%s) has %d items', refa, descrTa, len_a, refb, descrTb, len_b )
+    end
+
+    extendWithStrFmt( result, '* lists A and B start differing at index %d', commonUntil+1 ) 
+    if commonBackTo >= 0 then
+        if deltalv > 0 then
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '* lists A and B are equal again from index %d for A, %d for B', len_a-commonBackTo, len_b-commonBackTo )
+        else
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '* lists A and B are equal again from index %d', len_a-commonBackTo )
+        end
+    end
+
+    local function insertABValue(ai, bi)
+        bi = bi or ai
+        if is_equal( table_a[ai], table_b[bi]) then
+            return extendWithStrFmt( result, '  = A[%d], B[%d]: %s', ai, bi, prettystr(table_a[ai]) )
+        else
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  - A[%d]: %s', ai, prettystr(table_a[ai]))
+            extendWithStrFmt( result, '  + B[%d]: %s', bi, prettystr(table_b[bi]))
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- common parts to list A & B, at the beginning
+    if commonUntil > 0 then
+        table.insert( result, '* Common parts:' )
+        for i = 1, commonUntil do
+            insertABValue( i )
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- diffing parts to list A & B
+    if commonUntil < shortest - commonBackTo - 1 then
+        table.insert( result, '* Differing parts:' )
+        for i = commonUntil + 1, shortest - commonBackTo - 1 do
+            insertABValue( i )
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- display indexes of one list, with no match on other list
+    if shortest - commonBackTo <= longest - commonBackTo - 1 then
+        table.insert( result, '* Present only in one list:' )
+        for i = shortest - commonBackTo, longest - commonBackTo - 1 do
+            if len_a > len_b then
+                extendWithStrFmt( result, '  - A[%d]: %s', i, prettystr(table_a[i]) )
+                -- table.insert( result, '+ (no matching B index)')
+            else
+                -- table.insert( result, '- no matching A index')
+                extendWithStrFmt( result, '  + B[%d]: %s', i, prettystr(table_b[i]) )
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- common parts to list A & B, at the end
+    if commonBackTo >= 0 then
+        table.insert( result, '* Common parts at the end of the lists' )
+        for i = longest - commonBackTo, longest do
+            if len_a > len_b then
+                insertABValue( i, i-deltalv )
+            else
+                insertABValue( i-deltalv, i )
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    return true, table.concat( result, '\n')
+end
+M.private.mismatchFormattingPureList = mismatchFormattingPureList
+
+local function prettystrPairs(value1, value2, suffix_a, suffix_b)
+    --[[
+    This function helps with the recurring task of constructing the "expected
+    vs. actual" error messages. It takes two arbitrary values and formats
+    corresponding strings with prettystr().
+
+    To keep the (possibly complex) output more readable in case the resulting
+    strings contain line breaks, they get automatically prefixed with additional
+    newlines. Both suffixes are optional (default to empty strings), and get
+    appended to the "value1" string. "suffix_a" is used if line breaks were
+    encountered, "suffix_b" otherwise.
+
+    Returns the two formatted strings (including padding/newlines).
+    ]]
+    local str1, str2 = prettystr(value1), prettystr(value2)
+    if hasNewLine(str1) or hasNewLine(str2) then
+        -- line break(s) detected, add padding
+        return "\n" .. str1 .. (suffix_a or ""), "\n" .. str2
+    end
+    return str1 .. (suffix_b or ""), str2
+end
+M.private.prettystrPairs = prettystrPairs
+
+local UNKNOWN_REF = 'table 00-unknown ref'
+local ref_generator = { value=1, [UNKNOWN_REF]=0 }
+
+local function table_ref( t )
+    -- return the default tostring() for tables, with the table ID, even if the table has a metatable
+    -- with the __tostring converter
+    local ref = ''
+    local mt = getmetatable( t )
+    if mt == nil then
+        ref = tostring(t)
+    else
+        local success, result
+        success, result = pcall(setmetatable, t, nil)
+        if not success then
+            -- protected table, if __tostring is defined, we can
+            -- not get the reference. And we can not know in advance.
+            ref = tostring(t) 
+            if not ref:match( 'table: 0?x?[%x]+' ) then
+                return UNKNOWN_REF
+            end
+        else
+            ref = tostring(t)
+            setmetatable( t, mt )
+        end
+    end
+    -- strip the "table: " part
+    ref = ref:sub(8)
+    if ref ~= UNKNOWN_REF and ref_generator[ref] == nil then
+        -- Create a new reference number
+        ref_generator[ref] = ref_generator.value
+        ref_generator.value = ref_generator.value+1
+    end
+    if M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG then
+        return string.format('table %02d-%s', ref_generator[ref], ref)
+    else
+        return string.format('table %02d', ref_generator[ref])
+    end
+end
+M.private.table_ref = table_ref
+
+local TABLE_TOSTRING_SEP = ", "
+local TABLE_TOSTRING_SEP_LEN = string.len(TABLE_TOSTRING_SEP)
+
+local function _table_tostring( tbl, indentLevel, printTableRefs, cycleDetectTable )
+    printTableRefs = printTableRefs or M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG
+    cycleDetectTable = cycleDetectTable or {}
+    cycleDetectTable[tbl] = true
+
+    local result, dispOnMultLines = {}, false
+
+    -- like prettystr but do not enclose with "" if the string is just alphanumerical
+    -- this is better for displaying table keys who are often simple strings
+    local function keytostring(k)
+        if "string" == type(k) and k:match("^[_%a][_%w]*$") then
+            return k
+        end
+        return prettystr_sub(k, indentLevel+1, printTableRefs, cycleDetectTable)
+    end
+
+    local mt = getmetatable( tbl )
+
+    if mt and mt.__tostring then
+        -- if table has a __tostring() function in its metatable, use it to display the table
+        -- else, compute a regular table
+        result = tostring(tbl)
+        if type(result) ~= 'string' then
+            return string.format( '<invalid tostring() result: "%s" >', prettystr(result) )
+        end
+        result = strsplit( '\n', result )
+        return M.private._table_tostring_format_multiline_string( result, indentLevel )
+
+    else
+        -- no metatable, compute the table representation
+
+        local entry, count, seq_index = nil, 0, 1
+        for k, v in sortedPairs( tbl ) do
+
+            -- key part
+            if k == seq_index then
+                -- for the sequential part of tables, we'll skip the "<key>=" output
+                entry = ''
+                seq_index = seq_index + 1
+            elseif cycleDetectTable[k] then
+                -- recursion in the key detected
+                cycleDetectTable.detected = true
+                entry = "<"..table_ref(k)..">="
+            else
+                entry = keytostring(k) .. "="
+            end
+
+            -- value part 
+            if cycleDetectTable[v] then
+                -- recursion in the value detected!
+                cycleDetectTable.detected = true
+                entry = entry .. "<"..table_ref(v)..">"
+            else
+                entry = entry ..
+                    prettystr_sub( v, indentLevel+1, printTableRefs, cycleDetectTable )
+            end
+            count = count + 1
+            result[count] = entry
+        end
+        return M.private._table_tostring_format_result( tbl, result, indentLevel, printTableRefs )
+    end
+
+end
+M.private._table_tostring = _table_tostring -- prettystr_sub() needs it
+
+local function _table_tostring_format_multiline_string( tbl_str, indentLevel )
+    local indentString = '\n'..string.rep("    ", indentLevel - 1)
+    return table.concat( tbl_str, indentString )
+
+end
+M.private._table_tostring_format_multiline_string = _table_tostring_format_multiline_string
+
+
+local function _table_tostring_format_result( tbl, result, indentLevel, printTableRefs )
+    -- final function called in _table_to_string() to format the resulting list of 
+    -- string describing the table.
+
+    local dispOnMultLines = false
+
+    -- set dispOnMultLines to true if the maximum LINE_LENGTH would be exceeded with the values
+    local totalLength = 0
+    for k, v in ipairs( result ) do
+        totalLength = totalLength + string.len( v )
+        if totalLength >= M.LINE_LENGTH then
+            dispOnMultLines = true
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+    -- set dispOnMultLines to true if the max LINE_LENGTH would be exceeded
+    -- with the values and the separators.
+    if not dispOnMultLines then
+        -- adjust with length of separator(s):
+        -- two items need 1 sep, three items two seps, ... plus len of '{}'
+        if #result > 0 then
+            totalLength = totalLength + TABLE_TOSTRING_SEP_LEN * (#result - 1)
+        end
+        dispOnMultLines = (totalLength + 2 >= M.LINE_LENGTH)
+    end
+
+    -- now reformat the result table (currently holding element strings)
+    if dispOnMultLines then
+        local indentString = string.rep("    ", indentLevel - 1)
+        result = {  
+                    "{\n    ", 
+                    indentString,
+                    table.concat(result, ",\n    " .. indentString), 
+                    "\n",
+                    indentString, 
+                    "}"
+                }
+    else
+        result = {"{", table.concat(result, TABLE_TOSTRING_SEP), "}"}
+    end
+    if printTableRefs then
+        table.insert(result, 1, "<"..table_ref(tbl).."> ") -- prepend table ref
+    end
+    return table.concat(result)
+end
+M.private._table_tostring_format_result = _table_tostring_format_result -- prettystr_sub() needs it
+
+local function table_findkeyof(t, element)
+    -- Return the key k of the given element in table t, so that t[k] == element
+    -- (or `nil` if element is not present within t). Note that we use our
+    -- 'general' is_equal comparison for matching, so this function should
+    -- handle table-type elements gracefully and consistently.
+    if type(t) == "table" then
+        for k, v in pairs(t) do
+            if is_equal(v, element) then
+                return k
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    return nil
+end
+
+local function _is_table_items_equals(actual, expected )
+    local type_a, type_e = type(actual), type(expected)
+
+    if type_a ~= type_e then
+        return false
+
+    elseif (type_a == 'table') --[[and (type_e == 'table')]] then
+        for k, v in pairs(actual) do
+            if table_findkeyof(expected, v) == nil then
+                return false -- v not contained in expected
+            end
+        end
+        for k, v in pairs(expected) do
+            if table_findkeyof(actual, v) == nil then
+                return false -- v not contained in actual
+            end
+        end
+        return true
+
+    elseif actual ~= expected then
+        return false
+    end
+
+    return true
+end
+
+--[[
+This is a specialized metatable to help with the bookkeeping of recursions
+in _is_table_equals(). It provides an __index table that implements utility
+functions for easier management of the table. The "cached" method queries
+the state of a specific (actual,expected) pair; and the "store" method sets
+this state to the given value. The state of pairs not "seen" / visited is
+assumed to be `nil`.
+]]
+local _recursion_cache_MT = {
+    __index = {
+        -- Return the cached value for an (actual,expected) pair (or `nil`)
+        cached = function(t, actual, expected)
+            local subtable = t[actual] or {}
+            return subtable[expected]
+        end,
+
+        -- Store cached value for a specific (actual,expected) pair.
+        -- Returns the value, so it's easy to use for a "tailcall" (return ...).
+        store = function(t, actual, expected, value, asymmetric)
+            local subtable = t[actual]
+            if not subtable then
+                subtable = {}
+                t[actual] = subtable
+            end
+            subtable[expected] = value
+
+            -- Unless explicitly marked "asymmetric": Consider the recursion
+            -- on (expected,actual) to be equivalent to (actual,expected) by
+            -- default, and thus cache the value for both.
+            if not asymmetric then
+                t:store(expected, actual, value, true)
+            end
+
+            return value
+        end
+    }
+}
+
+local function _is_table_equals(actual, expected, cycleDetectTable)
+    local type_a, type_e = type(actual), type(expected)
+
+    if type_a ~= type_e then
+        return false -- different types won't match
+    end
+
+    if type_a ~= 'table' then
+        -- other typtes compare directly
+        return actual == expected
+    end
+
+    -- print('_is_table_equals( \n     '..prettystr(actual)..'\n      , '..prettystr(expected)..'\n     , '..prettystr(recursions)..' \n )')
+
+    cycleDetectTable = cycleDetectTable or { actual={}, expected={} }
+    if cycleDetectTable.actual[ actual ] then
+        -- oh, we hit a cycle in actual
+        if cycleDetectTable.expected[ expected ] then
+            -- uh, we hit a cycle at the same time in expected
+            -- so the two tables have similar structure
+            return true
+        end
+
+        -- cycle was hit only in actual, the structure differs from expected
+        return false
+    end
+
+    if cycleDetectTable.expected[ expected ] then
+        -- no cycle in actual, but cycle in expected
+        -- the structure differ
+        return false
+    end
+
+    -- at this point, no table cycle detected, we are
+    -- seeing this table for the first time
+
+    -- mark the cycle detection
+    cycleDetectTable.actual[ actual ] = true
+    cycleDetectTable.expected[ expected ] = true
+
+
+    local actualKeysMatched = {}
+    for k, v in pairs(actual) do
+        actualKeysMatched[k] = true -- Keep track of matched keys
+        if not _is_table_equals(v, expected[k], cycleDetectTable) then
+            -- table differs on this key
+            -- clear the cycle detection before returning
+            cycleDetectTable.actual[ actual ] = nil
+            cycleDetectTable.expected[ expected ] = nil
+            return false
+        end
+    end
+
+    for k, v in pairs(expected) do
+        if not actualKeysMatched[k] then
+            -- Found a key that we did not see in "actual" -> mismatch
+            -- clear the cycle detection before returning
+            cycleDetectTable.actual[ actual ] = nil
+            cycleDetectTable.expected[ expected ] = nil
+            return false
+        end
+        -- Otherwise actual[k] was already matched against v = expected[k].
+    end
+
+    -- all key match, we have a match !
+    cycleDetectTable.actual[ actual ] = nil
+    cycleDetectTable.expected[ expected ] = nil
+    return true
+end
+M.private._is_table_equals = _is_table_equals
+is_equal = _is_table_equals
+
+local function failure(main_msg, extra_msg_or_nil, level)
+    -- raise an error indicating a test failure
+    -- for error() compatibility we adjust "level" here (by +1), to report the
+    -- calling context
+    local msg
+    if type(extra_msg_or_nil) == 'string' and extra_msg_or_nil:len() > 0 then
+        msg = extra_msg_or_nil .. '\n' .. main_msg
+    else
+        msg = main_msg
+    end
+    error(M.FAILURE_PREFIX .. msg, (level or 1) + 1)
+end
+
+local function fail_fmt(level, extra_msg_or_nil, ...)
+     -- failure with printf-style formatted message and given error level
+    failure(string.format(...), extra_msg_or_nil, (level or 1) + 1)
+end
+M.private.fail_fmt = fail_fmt
+
+local function error_fmt(level, ...)
+     -- printf-style error()
+    error(string.format(...), (level or 1) + 1)
+end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+--                     assertions
+--
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function errorMsgEquality(actual, expected, doDeepAnalysis)
+
+    if not M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED then
+        expected, actual = actual, expected
+    end
+    if type(expected) == 'string' or type(expected) == 'table' then
+        local strExpected, strActual = prettystrPairs(expected, actual)
+        local result = string.format("expected: %s\nactual: %s", strExpected, strActual)
+
+        -- extend with mismatch analysis if possible:
+        local success, mismatchResult
+        success, mismatchResult = tryMismatchFormatting( actual, expected, doDeepAnalysis )
+        if success then 
+            result = table.concat( { result, mismatchResult }, '\n' )
+        end
+        return result
+    end
+    return string.format("expected: %s, actual: %s",
+                         prettystr(expected), prettystr(actual))
+end
+
+function M.assertError(f, ...)
+    -- assert that calling f with the arguments will raise an error
+    -- example: assertError( f, 1, 2 ) => f(1,2) should generate an error
+    if pcall( f, ... ) then
+        failure( "Expected an error when calling function but no error generated", nil, 2 )
+    end
+end
+
+function M.fail( msg )
+    -- stops a test due to a failure
+    failure( msg, nil, 2 )
+end
+
+function M.failIf( cond, msg )
+    -- Fails a test with "msg" if condition is true
+    if cond then
+        failure( msg, nil, 2 )
+    end
+end
+
+function M.skip(msg)
+    -- skip a running test
+    error(M.SKIP_PREFIX .. msg, 2)
+end
+
+function M.skipIf( cond, msg )
+    -- skip a running test if condition is met
+    if cond then
+        error(M.SKIP_PREFIX .. msg, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.runOnlyIf( cond, msg )
+    -- continue a running test if condition is met, else skip it
+    if not cond then
+        error(M.SKIP_PREFIX .. prettystr(msg), 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.success()
+    -- stops a test with a success
+    error(M.SUCCESS_PREFIX, 2)
+end
+
+function M.successIf( cond )
+    -- stops a test with a success if condition is met
+    if cond then
+        error(M.SUCCESS_PREFIX, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+--                  Equality assertions
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function M.assertEquals(actual, expected, extra_msg_or_nil, doDeepAnalysis)
+    if type(actual) == 'table' and type(expected) == 'table' then
+        if not _is_table_equals(actual, expected) then
+            failure( errorMsgEquality(actual, expected, doDeepAnalysis), extra_msg_or_nil, 2 )
+        end
+    elseif type(actual) ~= type(expected) then
+        failure( errorMsgEquality(actual, expected), extra_msg_or_nil, 2 )
+    elseif actual ~= expected then
+        failure( errorMsgEquality(actual, expected), extra_msg_or_nil, 2 )
+    end
+end
+
+function M.almostEquals( actual, expected, margin )
+    if type(actual) ~= 'number' or type(expected) ~= 'number' or type(margin) ~= 'number' then
+        error_fmt(3, 'almostEquals: must supply only number arguments.\nArguments supplied: %s, %s, %s',
+            prettystr(actual), prettystr(expected), prettystr(margin))
+    end
+    if margin < 0 then
+        error('almostEquals: margin must not be negative, current value is ' .. margin, 3)
+    end
+    return math.abs(expected - actual) <= margin
+end
+
+function M.assertAlmostEquals( actual, expected, margin, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- check that two floats are close by margin
+    margin = margin or M.EPS
+    if not M.almostEquals(actual, expected, margin) then
+        if not M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED then
+            expected, actual = actual, expected
+        end
+        local delta = math.abs(actual - expected) 
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Values are not almost equal\n' ..
+                    'Actual: %s, expected: %s, delta %s above margin of %s',
+                    actual, expected, delta, margin)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotEquals(actual, expected, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(actual) ~= type(expected) then
+        return
+    end
+
+    if type(actual) == 'table' and type(expected) == 'table' then
+        if not _is_table_equals(actual, expected) then
+            return
+        end
+    elseif actual ~= expected then
+        return
+    end
+    fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Received the not expected value: %s', prettystr(actual))
+end
+
+function M.assertNotAlmostEquals( actual, expected, margin, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- check that two floats are not close by margin
+    margin = margin or M.EPS
+    if M.almostEquals(actual, expected, margin) then
+        if not M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED then
+            expected, actual = actual, expected
+        end
+        local delta = math.abs(actual - expected)
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Values are almost equal\nActual: %s, expected: %s' ..
+                    ', delta %s below margin of %s',
+                    actual, expected, delta, margin)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertItemsEquals(actual, expected, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    -- checks that the items of table expected
+    -- are contained in table actual. Warning, this function
+    -- is at least O(n^2)
+    if not _is_table_items_equals(actual, expected ) then
+        expected, actual = prettystrPairs(expected, actual)
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Content of the tables are not identical:\nExpected: %s\nActual: %s',
+                 expected, actual)
+    end
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+--                  String assertion
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function M.assertStrContains( str, sub, isPattern, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- this relies on lua string.find function
+    -- a string always contains the empty string
+    -- assert( type(str) == 'string', 'Argument 1 of assertStrContains() should be a string.' ) )
+    -- assert( type(sub) == 'string', 'Argument 2 of assertStrContains() should be a string.' ) )
+    if not string.find(str, sub, 1, not isPattern) then
+        sub, str = prettystrPairs(sub, str, '\n')
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Could not find %s %s in string %s',
+                 isPattern and 'pattern' or 'substring', sub, str)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertStrIContains( str, sub, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- this relies on lua string.find function
+    -- a string always contains the empty string
+    if not string.find(str:lower(), sub:lower(), 1, true) then
+        sub, str = prettystrPairs(sub, str, '\n')
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Could not find (case insensitively) substring %s in string %s',
+                 sub, str)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotStrContains( str, sub, isPattern, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- this relies on lua string.find function
+    -- a string always contains the empty string
+    if string.find(str, sub, 1, not isPattern) then
+        sub, str = prettystrPairs(sub, str, '\n')
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Found the not expected %s %s in string %s',
+                 isPattern and 'pattern' or 'substring', sub, str)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotStrIContains( str, sub, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- this relies on lua string.find function
+    -- a string always contains the empty string
+    if string.find(str:lower(), sub:lower(), 1, true) then
+        sub, str = prettystrPairs(sub, str, '\n')
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Found (case insensitively) the not expected substring %s in string %s',
+                 sub, str)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertStrMatches( str, pattern, start, final, extra_msg_or_nil )
+    -- Verify a full match for the string
+    if not strMatch( str, pattern, start, final ) then
+        pattern, str = prettystrPairs(pattern, str, '\n')
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'Could not match pattern %s with string %s',
+                 pattern, str)
+    end
+end
+
+local function _assertErrorMsgEquals( stripFileAndLine, expectedMsg, func, ... )
+    local no_error, error_msg = pcall( func, ... )
+    if no_error then
+        failure( 'No error generated when calling function but expected error: '..M.prettystr(expectedMsg), nil, 3 )
+    end
+    if type(expectedMsg) == "string" and type(error_msg) ~= "string" then
+        -- table are converted to string automatically
+        error_msg = tostring(error_msg)
+    end
+    local differ = false
+    if stripFileAndLine then
+        if error_msg:gsub("^.+:%d+: ", "") ~= expectedMsg then
+            differ = true
+        end
+    else
+        if error_msg ~= expectedMsg then
+            local tr = type(error_msg)
+            local te = type(expectedMsg)
+            if te == 'table' then
+                if tr ~= 'table' then
+                    differ = true
+                else
+                     local ok = pcall(M.assertItemsEquals, error_msg, expectedMsg)
+                     if not ok then
+                         differ = true
+                     end
+                end
+            else
+               differ = true
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    if differ then
+        error_msg, expectedMsg = prettystrPairs(error_msg, expectedMsg)
+        fail_fmt(3, nil, 'Error message expected: %s\nError message received: %s\n',
+                 expectedMsg, error_msg)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertErrorMsgEquals( expectedMsg, func, ... )
+    -- assert that calling f with the arguments will raise an error
+    -- example: assertError( f, 1, 2 ) => f(1,2) should generate an error
+    _assertErrorMsgEquals(false, expectedMsg, func, ...)
+end
+
+function M.assertErrorMsgContentEquals(expectedMsg, func, ...)
+     _assertErrorMsgEquals(true, expectedMsg, func, ...)
+end
+
+function M.assertErrorMsgContains( partialMsg, func, ... )
+    -- assert that calling f with the arguments will raise an error
+    -- example: assertError( f, 1, 2 ) => f(1,2) should generate an error
+    local no_error, error_msg = pcall( func, ... )
+    if no_error then
+        failure( 'No error generated when calling function but expected error containing: '..prettystr(partialMsg), nil, 2 )
+    end
+    if type(error_msg) ~= "string" then
+        error_msg = tostring(error_msg)
+    end
+    if not string.find( error_msg, partialMsg, nil, true ) then
+        error_msg, partialMsg = prettystrPairs(error_msg, partialMsg)
+        fail_fmt(2, nil, 'Error message does not contain: %s\nError message received: %s\n',
+                 partialMsg, error_msg)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertErrorMsgMatches( expectedMsg, func, ... )
+    -- assert that calling f with the arguments will raise an error
+    -- example: assertError( f, 1, 2 ) => f(1,2) should generate an error
+    local no_error, error_msg = pcall( func, ... )
+    if no_error then
+        failure( 'No error generated when calling function but expected error matching: "'..expectedMsg..'"', nil, 2 )
+    end
+    if type(error_msg) ~= "string" then
+        error_msg = tostring(error_msg)
+    end
+    if not strMatch( error_msg, expectedMsg ) then
+        expectedMsg, error_msg = prettystrPairs(expectedMsg, error_msg)
+        fail_fmt(2, nil, 'Error message does not match pattern: %s\nError message received: %s\n',
+                 expectedMsg, error_msg)
+    end
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+--              Type assertions
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function M.assertEvalToTrue(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if not value then
+        failure("expected: a value evaluating to true, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertEvalToFalse(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value then
+        failure("expected: false or nil, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsTrue(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value ~= true then
+        failure("expected: true, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsTrue(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value == true then
+        failure("expected: not true, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsFalse(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value ~= false then
+        failure("expected: false, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsFalse(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value == false then
+        failure("expected: not false, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsNil(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value ~= nil then
+        failure("expected: nil, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsNil(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if value == nil then
+        failure("expected: not nil, actual: nil", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+--[[
+Add type assertion functions to the module table M. Each of these functions
+takes a single parameter "value", and checks that its Lua type matches the
+expected string (derived from the function name):
+
+M.assertIsXxx(value) -> ensure that type(value) conforms to "xxx"
+]]
+for _, funcName in ipairs(
+    {'assertIsNumber', 'assertIsString', 'assertIsTable', 'assertIsBoolean',
+     'assertIsFunction', 'assertIsUserdata', 'assertIsThread'}
+) do
+    local typeExpected = funcName:match("^assertIs([A-Z]%a*)$")
+    -- Lua type() always returns lowercase, also make sure the match() succeeded
+    typeExpected = typeExpected and typeExpected:lower()
+                   or error("bad function name '"..funcName.."' for type assertion")
+
+    M[funcName] = function(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+        if type(value) ~= typeExpected then
+            if type(value) == 'nil' then
+                fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'expected: a %s value, actual: nil',
+                         typeExpected, type(value), prettystrPairs(value))
+            else
+                fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'expected: a %s value, actual: type %s, value %s',
+                         typeExpected, type(value), prettystrPairs(value))
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+--[[
+Add shortcuts for verifying type of a variable, without failure (luaunit v2 compatibility)
+M.isXxx(value) -> returns true if type(value) conforms to "xxx"
+]]
+for _, typeExpected in ipairs(
+    {'Number', 'String', 'Table', 'Boolean',
+     'Function', 'Userdata', 'Thread', 'Nil' }
+) do
+    local typeExpectedLower = typeExpected:lower()
+    local isType = function(value)
+        return (type(value) == typeExpectedLower)
+    end
+    M['is'..typeExpected] = isType
+    M['is_'..typeExpectedLower] = isType
+end
+
+--[[
+Add non-type assertion functions to the module table M. Each of these functions
+takes a single parameter "value", and checks that its Lua type differs from the
+expected string (derived from the function name):
+
+M.assertNotIsXxx(value) -> ensure that type(value) is not "xxx"
+]]
+for _, funcName in ipairs(
+    {'assertNotIsNumber', 'assertNotIsString', 'assertNotIsTable', 'assertNotIsBoolean',
+     'assertNotIsFunction', 'assertNotIsUserdata', 'assertNotIsThread'}
+) do
+    local typeUnexpected = funcName:match("^assertNotIs([A-Z]%a*)$")
+    -- Lua type() always returns lowercase, also make sure the match() succeeded
+    typeUnexpected = typeUnexpected and typeUnexpected:lower()
+                   or error("bad function name '"..funcName.."' for type assertion")
+
+    M[funcName] = function(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+        if type(value) == typeUnexpected then
+            fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'expected: not a %s type, actual: value %s',
+                     typeUnexpected, prettystrPairs(value))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIs(actual, expected, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if actual ~= expected then
+        if not M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED then
+            actual, expected = expected, actual
+        end
+        local old_print_table_ref_in_error_msg = M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG
+        M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG = true
+        expected, actual = prettystrPairs(expected, actual, '\n', '')
+        M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG = old_print_table_ref_in_error_msg
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'expected and actual object should not be different\nExpected: %s\nReceived: %s',
+                 expected, actual)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIs(actual, expected, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if actual == expected then
+        local old_print_table_ref_in_error_msg = M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG
+        M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG = true
+        local s_expected
+        if not M.ORDER_ACTUAL_EXPECTED then
+            s_expected = prettystrPairs(actual)
+        else
+            s_expected = prettystrPairs(expected)
+        end
+        M.PRINT_TABLE_REF_IN_ERROR_MSG = old_print_table_ref_in_error_msg
+        fail_fmt(2, extra_msg_or_nil, 'expected and actual object should be different: %s', s_expected )
+    end
+end
+
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+--              Scientific assertions
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function M.assertIsNaN(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) ~= "number" or value == value then
+        failure("expected: NaN, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsNaN(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) == "number" and value ~= value then
+        failure("expected: not NaN, actual: NaN", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsInf(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) ~= "number" or math.abs(value) ~= math.huge then
+        failure("expected: #Inf, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsPlusInf(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) ~= "number" or value ~= math.huge then
+        failure("expected: #Inf, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsMinusInf(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) ~= "number" or value ~= -math.huge then
+        failure("expected: -#Inf, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsPlusInf(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) == "number" and value == math.huge then
+        failure("expected: not #Inf, actual: #Inf", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsMinusInf(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) == "number" and value == -math.huge then
+        failure("expected: not -#Inf, actual: -#Inf", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsInf(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) == "number" and math.abs(value) == math.huge then
+        failure("expected: not infinity, actual: " .. prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsPlusZero(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) ~= 'number' or value ~= 0 then
+        failure("expected: +0.0, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    else if (1/value == -math.huge) then
+            -- more precise error diagnosis
+            failure("expected: +0.0, actual: -0.0", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+        else if (1/value ~= math.huge) then
+                -- strange, case should have already been covered
+                failure("expected: +0.0, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertIsMinusZero(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) ~= 'number' or value ~= 0 then
+        failure("expected: -0.0, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    else if (1/value == math.huge) then
+            -- more precise error diagnosis
+            failure("expected: -0.0, actual: +0.0", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+        else if (1/value ~= -math.huge) then
+                -- strange, case should have already been covered
+                failure("expected: -0.0, actual: " ..prettystr(value), extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsPlusZero(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) == 'number' and (1/value == math.huge) then
+        failure("expected: not +0.0, actual: +0.0", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotIsMinusZero(value, extra_msg_or_nil)
+    if type(value) == 'number' and (1/value == -math.huge) then
+        failure("expected: not -0.0, actual: -0.0", extra_msg_or_nil, 2)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertTableContains(t, expected)
+    -- checks that table t contains the expected element
+    if table_findkeyof(t, expected) == nil then
+        t, expected = prettystrPairs(t, expected)
+        fail_fmt(2, 'Table %s does NOT contain the expected element %s',
+                 t, expected)
+    end
+end
+
+function M.assertNotTableContains(t, expected)
+    -- checks that table t doesn't contain the expected element
+    local k = table_findkeyof(t, expected)
+    if k ~= nil then
+        t, expected = prettystrPairs(t, expected)
+        fail_fmt(2, 'Table %s DOES contain the unwanted element %s (at key %s)',
+                 t, expected, prettystr(k))
+    end
+end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--                     Compatibility layer
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- for compatibility with LuaUnit v2.x
+function M.wrapFunctions()
+    -- In LuaUnit version <= 2.1 , this function was necessary to include
+    -- a test function inside the global test suite. Nowadays, the functions
+    -- are simply run directly as part of the test discovery process.
+    -- so just do nothing !
+    io.stderr:write[[Use of WrapFunctions() is no longer needed.
+Just prefix your test function names with "test" or "Test" and they
+will be picked up and run by LuaUnit.
+]]
+end
+
+local list_of_funcs = {
+    -- { official function name , alias }
+
+    -- general assertions
+    { 'assertEquals'            , 'assert_equals' },
+    { 'assertItemsEquals'       , 'assert_items_equals' },
+    { 'assertNotEquals'         , 'assert_not_equals' },
+    { 'assertAlmostEquals'      , 'assert_almost_equals' },
+    { 'assertNotAlmostEquals'   , 'assert_not_almost_equals' },
+    { 'assertEvalToTrue'        , 'assert_eval_to_true' },
+    { 'assertEvalToFalse'       , 'assert_eval_to_false' },
+    { 'assertStrContains'       , 'assert_str_contains' },
+    { 'assertStrIContains'      , 'assert_str_icontains' },
+    { 'assertNotStrContains'    , 'assert_not_str_contains' },
+    { 'assertNotStrIContains'   , 'assert_not_str_icontains' },
+    { 'assertStrMatches'        , 'assert_str_matches' },
+    { 'assertError'             , 'assert_error' },
+    { 'assertErrorMsgEquals'    , 'assert_error_msg_equals' },
+    { 'assertErrorMsgContains'  , 'assert_error_msg_contains' },
+    { 'assertErrorMsgMatches'   , 'assert_error_msg_matches' },
+    { 'assertErrorMsgContentEquals', 'assert_error_msg_content_equals' },
+    { 'assertIs'                , 'assert_is' },
+    { 'assertNotIs'             , 'assert_not_is' },
+    { 'assertTableContains'     , 'assert_table_contains' },
+    { 'assertNotTableContains'  , 'assert_not_table_contains' },
+    { 'wrapFunctions'           , 'WrapFunctions' },
+    { 'wrapFunctions'           , 'wrap_functions' },
+
+    -- type assertions: assertIsXXX -> assert_is_xxx
+    { 'assertIsNumber'          , 'assert_is_number' },
+    { 'assertIsString'          , 'assert_is_string' },
+    { 'assertIsTable'           , 'assert_is_table' },
+    { 'assertIsBoolean'         , 'assert_is_boolean' },
+    { 'assertIsNil'             , 'assert_is_nil' },
+    { 'assertIsTrue'            , 'assert_is_true' },
+    { 'assertIsFalse'           , 'assert_is_false' },
+    { 'assertIsNaN'             , 'assert_is_nan' },
+    { 'assertIsInf'             , 'assert_is_inf' },
+    { 'assertIsPlusInf'         , 'assert_is_plus_inf' },
+    { 'assertIsMinusInf'        , 'assert_is_minus_inf' },
+    { 'assertIsPlusZero'        , 'assert_is_plus_zero' },
+    { 'assertIsMinusZero'       , 'assert_is_minus_zero' },
+    { 'assertIsFunction'        , 'assert_is_function' },
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assert_is_thread' },
+    { 'assertIsUserdata'        , 'assert_is_userdata' },
+
+    -- type assertions: assertIsXXX -> assertXxx
+    { 'assertIsNumber'          , 'assertNumber' },
+    { 'assertIsString'          , 'assertString' },
+    { 'assertIsTable'           , 'assertTable' },
+    { 'assertIsBoolean'         , 'assertBoolean' },
+    { 'assertIsNil'             , 'assertNil' },
+    { 'assertIsTrue'            , 'assertTrue' },
+    { 'assertIsFalse'           , 'assertFalse' },
+    { 'assertIsNaN'             , 'assertNaN' },
+    { 'assertIsInf'             , 'assertInf' },
+    { 'assertIsPlusInf'         , 'assertPlusInf' },
+    { 'assertIsMinusInf'        , 'assertMinusInf' },
+    { 'assertIsPlusZero'        , 'assertPlusZero' },
+    { 'assertIsMinusZero'       , 'assertMinusZero'},
+    { 'assertIsFunction'        , 'assertFunction' },
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assertThread' },
+    { 'assertIsUserdata'        , 'assertUserdata' },
+
+    -- type assertions: assertIsXXX -> assert_xxx (luaunit v2 compat)
+    { 'assertIsNumber'          , 'assert_number' },
+    { 'assertIsString'          , 'assert_string' },
+    { 'assertIsTable'           , 'assert_table' },
+    { 'assertIsBoolean'         , 'assert_boolean' },
+    { 'assertIsNil'             , 'assert_nil' },
+    { 'assertIsTrue'            , 'assert_true' },
+    { 'assertIsFalse'           , 'assert_false' },
+    { 'assertIsNaN'             , 'assert_nan' },
+    { 'assertIsInf'             , 'assert_inf' },
+    { 'assertIsPlusInf'         , 'assert_plus_inf' },
+    { 'assertIsMinusInf'        , 'assert_minus_inf' },
+    { 'assertIsPlusZero'        , 'assert_plus_zero' },
+    { 'assertIsMinusZero'       , 'assert_minus_zero' },
+    { 'assertIsFunction'        , 'assert_function' },
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assert_thread' },
+    { 'assertIsUserdata'        , 'assert_userdata' },
+
+    -- type assertions: assertNotIsXXX -> assert_not_is_xxx
+    { 'assertNotIsNumber'       , 'assert_not_is_number' },
+    { 'assertNotIsString'       , 'assert_not_is_string' },
+    { 'assertNotIsTable'        , 'assert_not_is_table' },
+    { 'assertNotIsBoolean'      , 'assert_not_is_boolean' },
+    { 'assertNotIsNil'          , 'assert_not_is_nil' },
+    { 'assertNotIsTrue'         , 'assert_not_is_true' },
+    { 'assertNotIsFalse'        , 'assert_not_is_false' },
+    { 'assertNotIsNaN'          , 'assert_not_is_nan' },
+    { 'assertNotIsInf'          , 'assert_not_is_inf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsPlusInf'      , 'assert_not_plus_inf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsMinusInf'     , 'assert_not_minus_inf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsPlusZero'     , 'assert_not_plus_zero' },
+    { 'assertNotIsMinusZero'    , 'assert_not_minus_zero' },
+    { 'assertNotIsFunction'     , 'assert_not_is_function' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assert_not_is_thread' },
+    { 'assertNotIsUserdata'     , 'assert_not_is_userdata' },
+
+    -- type assertions: assertNotIsXXX -> assertNotXxx (luaunit v2 compat)
+    { 'assertNotIsNumber'       , 'assertNotNumber' },
+    { 'assertNotIsString'       , 'assertNotString' },
+    { 'assertNotIsTable'        , 'assertNotTable' },
+    { 'assertNotIsBoolean'      , 'assertNotBoolean' },
+    { 'assertNotIsNil'          , 'assertNotNil' },
+    { 'assertNotIsTrue'         , 'assertNotTrue' },
+    { 'assertNotIsFalse'        , 'assertNotFalse' },
+    { 'assertNotIsNaN'          , 'assertNotNaN' },
+    { 'assertNotIsInf'          , 'assertNotInf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsPlusInf'      , 'assertNotPlusInf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsMinusInf'     , 'assertNotMinusInf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsPlusZero'     , 'assertNotPlusZero' },
+    { 'assertNotIsMinusZero'    , 'assertNotMinusZero' },
+    { 'assertNotIsFunction'     , 'assertNotFunction' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assertNotThread' },
+    { 'assertNotIsUserdata'     , 'assertNotUserdata' },
+
+    -- type assertions: assertNotIsXXX -> assert_not_xxx
+    { 'assertNotIsNumber'       , 'assert_not_number' },
+    { 'assertNotIsString'       , 'assert_not_string' },
+    { 'assertNotIsTable'        , 'assert_not_table' },
+    { 'assertNotIsBoolean'      , 'assert_not_boolean' },
+    { 'assertNotIsNil'          , 'assert_not_nil' },
+    { 'assertNotIsTrue'         , 'assert_not_true' },
+    { 'assertNotIsFalse'        , 'assert_not_false' },
+    { 'assertNotIsNaN'          , 'assert_not_nan' },
+    { 'assertNotIsInf'          , 'assert_not_inf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsPlusInf'      , 'assert_not_plus_inf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsMinusInf'     , 'assert_not_minus_inf' },
+    { 'assertNotIsPlusZero'     , 'assert_not_plus_zero' },
+    { 'assertNotIsMinusZero'    , 'assert_not_minus_zero' },
+    { 'assertNotIsFunction'     , 'assert_not_function' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assert_not_thread' },
+    { 'assertNotIsUserdata'     , 'assert_not_userdata' },
+
+    -- all assertions with Coroutine duplicate Thread assertions
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assertIsCoroutine' },
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assertCoroutine' },
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assert_is_coroutine' },
+    { 'assertIsThread'          , 'assert_coroutine' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assertNotIsCoroutine' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assertNotCoroutine' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assert_not_is_coroutine' },
+    { 'assertNotIsThread'       , 'assert_not_coroutine' },
+}
+
+-- Create all aliases in M
+for _,v in ipairs( list_of_funcs ) do
+    local funcname, alias = v[1], v[2]
+    M[alias] = M[funcname]
+
+    if EXPORT_ASSERT_TO_GLOBALS then
+        _G[funcname] = M[funcname]
+        _G[alias] = M[funcname]
+    end
+end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+--                     Outputters
+--
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- A common "base" class for outputters
+-- For concepts involved (class inheritance) see http://www.lua.org/pil/16.2.html
+
+local genericOutput = { __class__ = 'genericOutput' } -- class
+local genericOutput_MT = { __index = genericOutput } -- metatable
+M.genericOutput = genericOutput -- publish, so that custom classes may derive from it
+
+function genericOutput.new(runner, default_verbosity)
+    -- runner is the "parent" object controlling the output, usually a LuaUnit instance
+    local t = { runner = runner }
+    if runner then
+        t.result = runner.result
+        t.verbosity = runner.verbosity or default_verbosity
+        t.fname = runner.fname
+    else
+        t.verbosity = default_verbosity
+    end
+    return setmetatable( t, genericOutput_MT)
+end
+
+-- abstract ("empty") methods
+function genericOutput:startSuite() 
+    -- Called once, when the suite is started
+end
+
+function genericOutput:startClass(className) 
+    -- Called each time a new test class is started
+end
+
+function genericOutput:startTest(testName) 
+    -- called each time a new test is started, right before the setUp()
+    -- the current test status node is already created and available in: self.result.currentNode
+end
+
+function genericOutput:updateStatus(node) 
+    -- called with status failed or error as soon as the error/failure is encountered
+    -- this method is NOT called for a successful test because a test is marked as successful by default
+    -- and does not need to be updated
+end
+
+function genericOutput:endTest(node) 
+    -- called when the test is finished, after the tearDown() method
+end
+
+function genericOutput:endClass() 
+    -- called when executing the class is finished, before moving on to the next class of at the end of the test execution
+end
+
+function genericOutput:endSuite() 
+    -- called at the end of the test suite execution
+end
+
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--                     class TapOutput
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local TapOutput = genericOutput.new() -- derived class
+local TapOutput_MT = { __index = TapOutput } -- metatable
+TapOutput.__class__ = 'TapOutput'
+
+    -- For a good reference for TAP format, check: http://testanything.org/tap-specification.html
+
+    function TapOutput.new(runner)
+        local t = genericOutput.new(runner, M.VERBOSITY_LOW)
+        return setmetatable( t, TapOutput_MT)
+    end
+    function TapOutput:startSuite()
+        print("1.."..self.result.selectedCount)
+        print('# Started on '..self.result.startDate)
+    end
+    function TapOutput:startClass(className)
+        if className ~= '[TestFunctions]' then
+            print('# Starting class: '..className)
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TapOutput:updateStatus( node )
+        if node:isSkipped() then
+            io.stdout:write("ok ", self.result.currentTestNumber, "\t# SKIP ", node.msg, "\n" )
+            return
+        end
+
+        io.stdout:write("not ok ", self.result.currentTestNumber, "\t", node.testName, "\n")
+        if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_LOW then
+           print( prefixString( '#   ', node.msg ) )
+        end
+        if (node:isFailure() or node:isError()) and self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+           print( prefixString( '#   ', node.stackTrace ) )
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TapOutput:endTest( node )
+        if node:isSuccess() then
+            io.stdout:write("ok     ", self.result.currentTestNumber, "\t", node.testName, "\n")
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TapOutput:endSuite()
+        print( '# '..M.LuaUnit.statusLine( self.result ) )
+        return self.result.notSuccessCount
+    end
+
+
+-- class TapOutput end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--                     class JUnitOutput
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- See directory junitxml for more information about the junit format
+local JUnitOutput = genericOutput.new() -- derived class
+local JUnitOutput_MT = { __index = JUnitOutput } -- metatable
+JUnitOutput.__class__ = 'JUnitOutput'
+
+    function JUnitOutput.new(runner)
+        local t = genericOutput.new(runner, M.VERBOSITY_LOW)
+        t.testList = {}
+        return setmetatable( t, JUnitOutput_MT )
+    end
+
+    function JUnitOutput:startSuite()
+        -- open xml file early to deal with errors
+        if self.fname == nil then
+            error('With Junit, an output filename must be supplied with --name!')
+        end
+        if string.sub(self.fname,-4) ~= '.xml' then
+            self.fname = self.fname..'.xml'
+        end
+        self.fd = io.open(self.fname, "w")
+        if self.fd == nil then
+            error("Could not open file for writing: "..self.fname)
+        end
+
+        print('# XML output to '..self.fname)
+        print('# Started on '..self.result.startDate)
+    end
+    function JUnitOutput:startClass(className)
+        if className ~= '[TestFunctions]' then
+            print('# Starting class: '..className)
+        end
+    end
+    function JUnitOutput:startTest(testName)
+        print('# Starting test: '..testName)
+    end
+
+    function JUnitOutput:updateStatus( node )
+        if node:isFailure() then
+            print( '#   Failure: ' .. prefixString( '#   ', node.msg ):sub(4, nil) )
+            -- print('# ' .. node.stackTrace)
+        elseif node:isError() then
+            print( '#   Error: ' .. prefixString( '#   '  , node.msg ):sub(4, nil) )
+            -- print('# ' .. node.stackTrace)
+        end
+    end
+
+    function JUnitOutput:endSuite()
+        print( '# '..M.LuaUnit.statusLine(self.result))
+
+        -- XML file writing
+        self.fd:write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>\n')
+        self.fd:write('<testsuites>\n')
+        self.fd:write(string.format(
+            '    <testsuite name="LuaUnit" id="00001" package="" hostname="localhost" tests="%d" timestamp="%s" time="%0.3f" errors="%d" failures="%d" skipped="%d">\n',
+            self.result.runCount, self.result.startIsodate, self.result.duration, self.result.errorCount, self.result.failureCount, self.result.skippedCount ))
+        self.fd:write("        <properties>\n")
+        self.fd:write(string.format('            <property name="Lua Version" value="%s"/>\n', _VERSION ) )
+        self.fd:write(string.format('            <property name="LuaUnit Version" value="%s"/>\n', M.VERSION) )
+        -- XXX please include system name and version if possible
+        self.fd:write("        </properties>\n")
+
+        for i,node in ipairs(self.result.allTests) do
+            self.fd:write(string.format('        <testcase classname="%s" name="%s" time="%0.3f">\n',
+                node.className, node.testName, node.duration ) )
+            if node:isNotSuccess() then
+                self.fd:write(node:statusXML())
+            end
+            self.fd:write('        </testcase>\n')
+        end
+
+        -- Next two lines are needed to validate junit ANT xsd, but really not useful in general:
+        self.fd:write('    <system-out/>\n')
+        self.fd:write('    <system-err/>\n')
+
+        self.fd:write('    </testsuite>\n')
+        self.fd:write('</testsuites>\n')
+        self.fd:close()
+        return self.result.notSuccessCount
+    end
+
+
+-- class TapOutput end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--                     class TextOutput
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--[[    Example of other unit-tests suite text output
+
+-- Python Non verbose:
+
+For each test: . or F or E
+
+If some failed tests:
+    ==============
+    ERROR / FAILURE: TestName (testfile.testclass)
+    ---------
+    Stack trace
+
+
+then --------------
+then "Ran x tests in 0.000s"
+then OK or FAILED (failures=1, error=1)
+
+-- Python Verbose:
+testname (filename.classname) ... ok
+testname (filename.classname) ... FAIL
+testname (filename.classname) ... ERROR
+
+then --------------
+then "Ran x tests in 0.000s"
+then OK or FAILED (failures=1, error=1)
+
+-- Ruby:
+Started
+ .
+ Finished in 0.002695 seconds.
+
+ 1 tests, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors
+
+-- Ruby:
+>> ruby tc_simple_number2.rb
+Loaded suite tc_simple_number2
+Started
+F..
+Finished in 0.038617 seconds.
+
+  1) Failure:
+test_failure(TestSimpleNumber) [tc_simple_number2.rb:16]:
+Adding doesn't work.
+<3> expected but was
+<4>.
+
+3 tests, 4 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors
+
+-- Java Junit
+.......F.
+Time: 0,003
+There was 1 failure:
+1) testCapacity(junit.samples.VectorTest)junit.framework.AssertionFailedError
+    at junit.samples.VectorTest.testCapacity(VectorTest.java:87)
+    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
+    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
+    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
+
+FAILURES!!!
+Tests run: 8,  Failures: 1,  Errors: 0
+
+
+-- Maven
+
+# mvn test
+-------------------------------------------------------
+ T E S T S
+-------------------------------------------------------
+Running math.AdditionTest
+Tests run: 2, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed:
+0.03 sec <<< FAILURE!
+
+Results :
+
+Failed tests:
+  testLireSymbole(math.AdditionTest)
+
+Tests run: 2, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
+
+
+-- LuaUnit
+---- non verbose
+* display . or F or E when running tests
+---- verbose
+* display test name + ok/fail
+----
+* blank line
+* number) ERROR or FAILURE: TestName
+   Stack trace
+* blank line
+* number) ERROR or FAILURE: TestName
+   Stack trace
+
+then --------------
+then "Ran x tests in 0.000s (%d not selected, %d skipped)"
+then OK or FAILED (failures=1, error=1)
+
+
+]]
+
+local TextOutput = genericOutput.new() -- derived class
+local TextOutput_MT = { __index = TextOutput } -- metatable
+TextOutput.__class__ = 'TextOutput'
+
+    function TextOutput.new(runner)
+        local t = genericOutput.new(runner, M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT)
+        t.errorList = {}
+        return setmetatable( t, TextOutput_MT )
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:startSuite()
+        if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+            print( 'Started on '.. self.result.startDate )
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:startTest(testName)
+        if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+            io.stdout:write( "    ", self.result.currentNode.testName, " ... " )
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:endTest( node )
+        if node:isSuccess() then
+            if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+                io.stdout:write("Ok\n")
+            else
+                io.stdout:write(".")
+                io.stdout:flush()
+            end
+        else
+            if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+                print( node.status )
+                print( node.msg )
+                --[[
+                -- find out when to do this:
+                if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+                    print( node.stackTrace )
+                end
+                ]]
+            else
+                -- write only the first character of status E, F or S
+                io.stdout:write(string.sub(node.status, 1, 1))
+                io.stdout:flush()
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:displayOneFailedTest( index, fail )
+        print(index..") "..fail.testName )
+        print( fail.msg )
+        print( fail.stackTrace )
+        print()
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:displayErroredTests()
+        if #self.result.errorTests ~= 0 then
+            print("Tests with errors:")
+            print("------------------")
+            for i, v in ipairs(self.result.errorTests) do
+                self:displayOneFailedTest(i, v)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:displayFailedTests()
+        if #self.result.failedTests ~= 0 then
+            print("Failed tests:")
+            print("-------------")
+            for i, v in ipairs(self.result.failedTests) do
+                self:displayOneFailedTest(i, v)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    function TextOutput:endSuite()
+        if self.verbosity > M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT then
+            print("=========================================================")
+        else
+            print()
+        end
+        self:displayErroredTests()
+        self:displayFailedTests()
+        print( M.LuaUnit.statusLine( self.result ) )
+        if self.result.notSuccessCount == 0 then
+            print('OK')
+        end
+    end
+
+-- class TextOutput end
+
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--                     class NilOutput
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function nopCallable()
+    --print(42)
+    return nopCallable
+end
+
+local NilOutput = { __class__ = 'NilOuptut' } -- class
+local NilOutput_MT = { __index = nopCallable } -- metatable
+
+function NilOutput.new(runner)
+    return setmetatable( { __class__ = 'NilOutput' }, NilOutput_MT )
+end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+--                     class LuaUnit
+--
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+M.LuaUnit = {
+    outputType = TextOutput,
+    verbosity = M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT,
+    __class__ = 'LuaUnit'
+}
+local LuaUnit_MT = { __index = M.LuaUnit }
+
+if EXPORT_ASSERT_TO_GLOBALS then
+    LuaUnit = M.LuaUnit
+end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.new()
+        return setmetatable( {}, LuaUnit_MT )
+    end
+
+    -----------------[[ Utility methods ]]---------------------
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.asFunction(aObject)
+        -- return "aObject" if it is a function, and nil otherwise
+        if 'function' == type(aObject) then
+            return aObject
+        end
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.splitClassMethod(someName)
+        --[[
+        Return a pair of className, methodName strings for a name in the form
+        "class.method". If no class part (or separator) is found, will return
+        nil, someName instead (the latter being unchanged).
+
+        This convention thus also replaces the older isClassMethod() test:
+        You just have to check for a non-nil className (return) value.
+        ]]
+        local separator = string.find(someName, '.', 1, true)
+        if separator then
+            return someName:sub(1, separator - 1), someName:sub(separator + 1)
+        end
+        return nil, someName
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.isMethodTestName( s )
+        -- return true is the name matches the name of a test method
+        -- default rule is that is starts with 'Test' or with 'test'
+        return string.sub(s, 1, 4):lower() == 'test'
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.isTestName( s )
+        -- return true is the name matches the name of a test
+        -- default rule is that is starts with 'Test' or with 'test'
+        return string.sub(s, 1, 4):lower() == 'test'
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.collectTests()
+        -- return a list of all test names in the global namespace
+        -- that match LuaUnit.isTestName
+
+        local testNames = {}
+        for k, _ in pairs(_G) do
+            if type(k) == "string" and M.LuaUnit.isTestName( k ) then
+                table.insert( testNames , k )
+            end
+        end
+        table.sort( testNames )
+        return testNames
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.parseCmdLine( cmdLine )
+        -- parse the command line
+        -- Supported command line parameters:
+        -- --verbose, -v: increase verbosity
+        -- --quiet, -q: silence output
+        -- --error, -e: treat errors as fatal (quit program)
+        -- --output, -o, + name: select output type
+        -- --pattern, -p, + pattern: run test matching pattern, may be repeated
+        -- --exclude, -x, + pattern: run test not matching pattern, may be repeated
+        -- --shuffle, -s, : shuffle tests before reunning them
+        -- --name, -n, + fname: name of output file for junit, default to stdout
+        -- --repeat, -r, + num: number of times to execute each test
+        -- [testnames, ...]: run selected test names
+        --
+        -- Returns a table with the following fields:
+        -- verbosity: nil, M.VERBOSITY_DEFAULT, M.VERBOSITY_QUIET, M.VERBOSITY_VERBOSE
+        -- output: nil, 'tap', 'junit', 'text', 'nil'
+        -- testNames: nil or a list of test names to run
+        -- exeRepeat: num or 1
+        -- pattern: nil or a list of patterns
+        -- exclude: nil or a list of patterns
+
+        local result, state = {}, nil
+        local SET_OUTPUT = 1
+        local SET_PATTERN = 2
+        local SET_EXCLUDE = 3
+        local SET_FNAME = 4
+        local SET_REPEAT = 5
+
+        if cmdLine == nil then
+            return result
+        end
+
+        local function parseOption( option )
+            if option == '--help' or option == '-h' then
+                result['help'] = true
+                return
+            elseif option == '--version' then
+                result['version'] = true
+                return
+            elseif option == '--verbose' or option == '-v' then
+                result['verbosity'] = M.VERBOSITY_VERBOSE
+                return
+            elseif option == '--quiet' or option == '-q' then
+                result['verbosity'] = M.VERBOSITY_QUIET
+                return
+            elseif option == '--error' or option == '-e' then
+                result['quitOnError'] = true
+                return
+            elseif option == '--failure' or option == '-f' then
+                result['quitOnFailure'] = true
+                return
+            elseif option == '--shuffle' or option == '-s' then
+                result['shuffle'] = true
+                return
+            elseif option == '--output' or option == '-o' then
+                state = SET_OUTPUT
+                return state
+            elseif option == '--name' or option == '-n' then
+                state = SET_FNAME
+                return state
+            elseif option == '--repeat' or option == '-r' then
+                state = SET_REPEAT
+                return state
+            elseif option == '--pattern' or option == '-p' then
+                state = SET_PATTERN
+                return state
+            elseif option == '--exclude' or option == '-x' then
+                state = SET_EXCLUDE
+                return state
+            end
+            error('Unknown option: '..option,3)
+        end
+
+        local function setArg( cmdArg, state )
+            if state == SET_OUTPUT then
+                result['output'] = cmdArg
+                return
+            elseif state == SET_FNAME then
+                result['fname'] = cmdArg
+                return
+            elseif state == SET_REPEAT then
+                result['exeRepeat'] = tonumber(cmdArg)
+                                     or error('Malformed -r argument: '..cmdArg)
+                return
+            elseif state == SET_PATTERN then
+                if result['pattern'] then
+                    table.insert( result['pattern'], cmdArg )
+                else
+                    result['pattern'] = { cmdArg }
+                end
+                return
+            elseif state == SET_EXCLUDE then
+                local notArg = '!'..cmdArg
+                if result['pattern'] then
+                    table.insert( result['pattern'],  notArg )
+                else
+                    result['pattern'] = { notArg }
+                end
+                return
+            end
+            error('Unknown parse state: '.. state)
+        end
+
+
+        for i, cmdArg in ipairs(cmdLine) do
+            if state ~= nil then
+                setArg( cmdArg, state, result )
+                state = nil
+            else
+                if cmdArg:sub(1,1) == '-' then
+                    state = parseOption( cmdArg )
+                else
+                    if result['testNames'] then
+                        table.insert( result['testNames'], cmdArg )
+                    else
+                        result['testNames'] = { cmdArg }
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        if result['help'] then
+            M.LuaUnit.help()
+        end
+
+        if result['version'] then
+            M.LuaUnit.version()
+        end
+
+        if state ~= nil then
+            error('Missing argument after '..cmdLine[ #cmdLine ],2 )
+        end
+
+        return result
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.help()
+        print(M.USAGE)
+        os.exit(0)
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.version()
+        print('LuaUnit v'..M.VERSION..' by Philippe Fremy <phil@freehackers.org>')
+        os.exit(0)
+    end
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+--                     class NodeStatus
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    local NodeStatus = { __class__ = 'NodeStatus' } -- class
+    local NodeStatus_MT = { __index = NodeStatus } -- metatable
+    M.NodeStatus = NodeStatus
+
+    -- values of status
+    NodeStatus.SUCCESS  = 'SUCCESS'
+    NodeStatus.SKIP     = 'SKIP'
+    NodeStatus.FAIL     = 'FAIL'
+    NodeStatus.ERROR    = 'ERROR'
+
+    function NodeStatus.new( number, testName, className )
+        -- default constructor, test are PASS by default
+        local t = { number = number, testName = testName, className = className }
+        setmetatable( t, NodeStatus_MT )
+        t:success()
+        return t
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:success()
+        self.status = self.SUCCESS
+        -- useless because lua does this for us, but it helps me remembering the relevant field names
+        self.msg = nil
+        self.stackTrace = nil
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:skip(msg)
+        self.status = self.SKIP
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.stackTrace = nil
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:fail(msg, stackTrace)
+        self.status = self.FAIL
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.stackTrace = stackTrace
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:error(msg, stackTrace)
+        self.status = self.ERROR
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.stackTrace = stackTrace
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:isSuccess()
+        return self.status == NodeStatus.SUCCESS
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:isNotSuccess()
+        -- Return true if node is either failure or error or skip
+        return (self.status == NodeStatus.FAIL or self.status == NodeStatus.ERROR or self.status == NodeStatus.SKIP)
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:isSkipped()
+        return self.status == NodeStatus.SKIP
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:isFailure()
+        return self.status == NodeStatus.FAIL
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:isError()
+        return self.status == NodeStatus.ERROR
+    end
+
+    function NodeStatus:statusXML()
+        if self:isError() then
+            return table.concat(
+                {'            <error type="', xmlEscape(self.msg), '">\n',
+                 '                <![CDATA[', xmlCDataEscape(self.stackTrace),
+                 ']]></error>\n'})
+        elseif self:isFailure() then
+            return table.concat(
+                {'            <failure type="', xmlEscape(self.msg), '">\n',
+                 '                <![CDATA[', xmlCDataEscape(self.stackTrace),
+                 ']]></failure>\n'})
+        elseif self:isSkipped() then
+            return table.concat({'            <skipped>', xmlEscape(self.msg),'</skipped>\n' } )
+        end
+        return '            <passed/>\n' -- (not XSD-compliant! normally shouldn't get here)
+    end
+
+    --------------[[ Output methods ]]-------------------------
+
+    local function conditional_plural(number, singular)
+        -- returns a grammatically well-formed string "%d <singular/plural>"
+        local suffix = ''
+        if number ~= 1 then -- use plural
+            suffix = (singular:sub(-2) == 'ss') and 'es' or 's'
+        end
+        return string.format('%d %s%s', number, singular, suffix)
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.statusLine(result)
+        -- return status line string according to results
+        local s = {
+            string.format('Ran %d tests in %0.3f seconds',
+                          result.runCount, result.duration),
+            conditional_plural(result.successCount, 'success'),
+        }
+        if result.notSuccessCount > 0 then
+            if result.failureCount > 0 then
+                table.insert(s, conditional_plural(result.failureCount, 'failure'))
+            end
+            if result.errorCount > 0 then
+                table.insert(s, conditional_plural(result.errorCount, 'error'))
+            end
+        else
+            table.insert(s, '0 failures')
+        end
+        if result.skippedCount > 0 then
+            table.insert(s, string.format("%d skipped", result.skippedCount))
+        end
+        if result.nonSelectedCount > 0 then
+            table.insert(s, string.format("%d non-selected", result.nonSelectedCount))
+        end
+        return table.concat(s, ', ')
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:startSuite(selectedCount, nonSelectedCount)
+        self.result = {
+            selectedCount = selectedCount,
+            nonSelectedCount = nonSelectedCount,
+            successCount = 0,
+            runCount = 0,
+            currentTestNumber = 0,
+            currentClassName = "",
+            currentNode = nil,
+            suiteStarted = true,
+            startTime = os.clock(),
+            startDate = os.date(os.getenv('LUAUNIT_DATEFMT')),
+            startIsodate = os.date('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'),
+            patternIncludeFilter = self.patternIncludeFilter,
+
+            -- list of test node status
+            allTests = {},
+            failedTests = {},
+            errorTests = {},
+            skippedTests = {},
+
+            failureCount = 0,
+            errorCount = 0,
+            notSuccessCount = 0,
+            skippedCount = 0,
+        }
+
+        self.outputType = self.outputType or TextOutput
+        self.output = self.outputType.new(self)
+        self.output:startSuite()
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:startClass( className )
+        self.result.currentClassName = className
+        self.output:startClass( className )
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:startTest( testName  )
+        self.result.currentTestNumber = self.result.currentTestNumber + 1
+        self.result.runCount = self.result.runCount + 1
+        self.result.currentNode = NodeStatus.new(
+            self.result.currentTestNumber,
+            testName,
+            self.result.currentClassName
+        )
+        self.result.currentNode.startTime = os.clock()
+        table.insert( self.result.allTests, self.result.currentNode )
+        self.output:startTest( testName )
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:updateStatus( err )
+        -- "err" is expected to be a table / result from protectedCall()
+        if err.status == NodeStatus.SUCCESS then
+            return
+        end
+
+        local node = self.result.currentNode
+
+        --[[ As a first approach, we will report only one error or one failure for one test.
+
+        However, we can have the case where the test is in failure, and the teardown is in error.
+        In such case, it's a good idea to report both a failure and an error in the test suite. This is
+        what Python unittest does for example. However, it mixes up counts so need to be handled carefully: for
+        example, there could be more (failures + errors) count that tests. What happens to the current node ?
+
+        We will do this more intelligent version later.
+        ]]
+
+        -- if the node is already in failure/error, just don't report the new error (see above)
+        if node.status ~= NodeStatus.SUCCESS then
+            return
+        end
+
+        if err.status == NodeStatus.FAIL then
+            node:fail( err.msg, err.trace )
+            table.insert( self.result.failedTests, node )
+        elseif err.status == NodeStatus.ERROR then
+            node:error( err.msg, err.trace )
+            table.insert( self.result.errorTests, node )
+        elseif err.status == NodeStatus.SKIP then
+            node:skip( err.msg )
+            table.insert( self.result.skippedTests, node )
+        else
+            error('No such status: ' .. prettystr(err.status))
+        end
+
+        self.output:updateStatus( node )
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:endTest()
+        local node = self.result.currentNode
+        -- print( 'endTest() '..prettystr(node))
+        -- print( 'endTest() '..prettystr(node:isNotSuccess()))
+        node.duration = os.clock() - node.startTime
+        node.startTime = nil
+        self.output:endTest( node )
+
+        if node:isSuccess() then
+            self.result.successCount = self.result.successCount + 1
+        elseif node:isError() then
+            if self.quitOnError or self.quitOnFailure then
+                -- Runtime error - abort test execution as requested by
+                -- "--error" option. This is done by setting a special
+                -- flag that gets handled in runSuiteByInstances().
+                print("\nERROR during LuaUnit test execution:\n" .. node.msg)
+                self.result.aborted = true
+            end
+        elseif node:isFailure() then
+            if self.quitOnFailure then
+                -- Failure - abort test execution as requested by
+                -- "--failure" option. This is done by setting a special
+                -- flag that gets handled in runSuiteByInstances().
+                print("\nFailure during LuaUnit test execution:\n" .. node.msg)
+                self.result.aborted = true
+            end
+        elseif node:isSkipped() then
+            self.result.runCount = self.result.runCount - 1
+        else
+            error('No such node status: ' .. prettystr(node.status))
+        end
+        self.result.currentNode = nil
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:endClass()
+        self.output:endClass()
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:endSuite()
+        if self.result.suiteStarted == false then
+            error('LuaUnit:endSuite() -- suite was already ended' )
+        end
+        self.result.duration = os.clock()-self.result.startTime
+        self.result.suiteStarted = false
+
+        -- Expose test counts for outputter's endSuite(). This could be managed
+        -- internally instead by using the length of the lists of failed tests
+        -- but unit tests rely on these fields being present.
+        self.result.failureCount = #self.result.failedTests
+        self.result.errorCount = #self.result.errorTests
+        self.result.notSuccessCount = self.result.failureCount + self.result.errorCount
+        self.result.skippedCount = #self.result.skippedTests
+
+        self.output:endSuite()
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:setOutputType(outputType, fname)
+        -- Configures LuaUnit runner output
+        -- outputType is one of: NIL, TAP, JUNIT, TEXT
+        -- when outputType is junit, the additional argument fname is used to set the name of junit output file
+        -- for other formats, fname is ignored
+        if outputType:upper() == "NIL" then
+            self.outputType = NilOutput
+            return
+        end
+        if outputType:upper() == "TAP" then
+            self.outputType = TapOutput
+            return
+        end
+        if outputType:upper() == "JUNIT" then
+            self.outputType = JUnitOutput
+            if fname then
+                self.fname = fname
+            end
+            return
+        end
+        if outputType:upper() == "TEXT" then
+            self.outputType = TextOutput
+            return
+        end
+        error( 'No such format: '..outputType,2)
+    end
+
+    --------------[[ Runner ]]-----------------
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:protectedCall(classInstance, methodInstance, prettyFuncName)
+        -- if classInstance is nil, this is just a function call
+        -- else, it's method of a class being called.
+
+        local function err_handler(e)
+            -- transform error into a table, adding the traceback information
+            return {
+                status = NodeStatus.ERROR,
+                msg = e,
+                trace = string.sub(debug.traceback("", 3), 2)
+            }
+        end
+
+        local ok, err
+        if classInstance then
+            -- stupid Lua < 5.2 does not allow xpcall with arguments so let's use a workaround
+            ok, err = xpcall( function () methodInstance(classInstance) end, err_handler )
+        else
+            ok, err = xpcall( function () methodInstance() end, err_handler )
+        end
+        if ok then
+            return {status = NodeStatus.SUCCESS}
+        end
+
+        local iter_msg
+        iter_msg = self.exeRepeat and 'iteration '..self.currentCount
+
+        err.msg, err.status = M.adjust_err_msg_with_iter( err.msg, iter_msg )
+
+        if err.status == NodeStatus.SUCCESS or err.status == NodeStatus.SKIP then
+            err.trace = nil
+            return err
+        end
+
+        -- reformat / improve the stack trace
+        if prettyFuncName then -- we do have the real method name
+            err.trace = err.trace:gsub("in (%a+) 'methodInstance'", "in %1 '"..prettyFuncName.."'")
+        end
+        if STRIP_LUAUNIT_FROM_STACKTRACE then
+            err.trace = stripLuaunitTrace(err.trace)
+        end
+
+        return err -- return the error "object" (table)
+    end
+
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:execOneFunction(className, methodName, classInstance, methodInstance)
+        -- When executing a test function, className and classInstance must be nil
+        -- When executing a class method, all parameters must be set
+
+        if type(methodInstance) ~= 'function' then
+            error( tostring(methodName)..' must be a function, not '..type(methodInstance))
+        end
+
+        local prettyFuncName
+        if className == nil then
+            className = '[TestFunctions]'
+            prettyFuncName = methodName
+        else
+            prettyFuncName = className..'.'..methodName
+        end
+
+        if self.lastClassName ~= className then
+            if self.lastClassName ~= nil then
+                self:endClass()
+            end
+            self:startClass( className )
+            self.lastClassName = className
+        end
+
+        self:startTest(prettyFuncName)
+
+        local node = self.result.currentNode
+        for iter_n = 1, self.exeRepeat or 1 do
+            if node:isNotSuccess() then
+                break
+            end
+            self.currentCount = iter_n
+
+            -- run setUp first (if any)
+            if classInstance then
+                local func = self.asFunction( classInstance.setUp ) or
+                             self.asFunction( classInstance.Setup ) or
+                             self.asFunction( classInstance.setup ) or
+                             self.asFunction( classInstance.SetUp )
+                if func then
+                    self:updateStatus(self:protectedCall(classInstance, func, className..'.setUp'))
+                end
+            end
+
+            -- run testMethod()
+            if node:isSuccess() then
+                self:updateStatus(self:protectedCall(classInstance, methodInstance, prettyFuncName))
+            end
+
+            -- lastly, run tearDown (if any)
+            if classInstance then
+                local func = self.asFunction( classInstance.tearDown ) or
+                             self.asFunction( classInstance.TearDown ) or
+                             self.asFunction( classInstance.teardown ) or
+                             self.asFunction( classInstance.Teardown )
+                if func then
+                    self:updateStatus(self:protectedCall(classInstance, func, className..'.tearDown'))
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        self:endTest()
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.expandOneClass( result, className, classInstance )
+        --[[
+        Input: a list of { name, instance }, a class name, a class instance
+        Ouptut: modify result to add all test method instance in the form:
+        { className.methodName, classInstance }
+        ]]
+        for methodName, methodInstance in sortedPairs(classInstance) do
+            if M.LuaUnit.asFunction(methodInstance) and M.LuaUnit.isMethodTestName( methodName ) then
+                table.insert( result, { className..'.'..methodName, classInstance } )
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.expandClasses( listOfNameAndInst )
+        --[[
+        -- expand all classes (provided as {className, classInstance}) to a list of {className.methodName, classInstance}
+        -- functions and methods remain untouched
+
+        Input: a list of { name, instance }
+
+        Output:
+        * { function name, function instance } : do nothing
+        * { class.method name, class instance }: do nothing
+        * { class name, class instance } : add all method names in the form of (className.methodName, classInstance)
+        ]]
+        local result = {}
+
+        for i,v in ipairs( listOfNameAndInst ) do
+            local name, instance = v[1], v[2]
+            if M.LuaUnit.asFunction(instance) then
+                table.insert( result, { name, instance } )
+            else
+                if type(instance) ~= 'table' then
+                    error( 'Instance must be a table or a function, not a '..type(instance)..' with value '..prettystr(instance))
+                end
+                local className, methodName = M.LuaUnit.splitClassMethod( name )
+                if className then
+                    local methodInstance = instance[methodName]
+                    if methodInstance == nil then
+                        error( "Could not find method in class "..tostring(className).." for method "..tostring(methodName) )
+                    end
+                    table.insert( result, { name, instance } )
+                else
+                    M.LuaUnit.expandOneClass( result, name, instance )
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+        return result
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.applyPatternFilter( patternIncFilter, listOfNameAndInst )
+        local included, excluded = {}, {}
+        for i, v in ipairs( listOfNameAndInst ) do
+            -- local name, instance = v[1], v[2]
+            if  patternFilter( patternIncFilter, v[1] ) then
+                table.insert( included, v )
+            else
+                table.insert( excluded, v )
+            end
+        end
+        return included, excluded
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:runSuiteByInstances( listOfNameAndInst )
+        --[[ Run an explicit list of tests. Each item of the list must be one of:
+        * { function name, function instance }
+        * { class name, class instance }
+        * { class.method name, class instance }
+        ]]
+
+        local expandedList = self.expandClasses( listOfNameAndInst )
+        if self.shuffle then
+            randomizeTable( expandedList )
+        end
+        local filteredList, filteredOutList = self.applyPatternFilter(
+            self.patternIncludeFilter, expandedList )
+
+        self:startSuite( #filteredList, #filteredOutList )
+
+        for i,v in ipairs( filteredList ) do
+            local name, instance = v[1], v[2]
+            if M.LuaUnit.asFunction(instance) then
+                self:execOneFunction( nil, name, nil, instance )
+            else
+                -- expandClasses() should have already taken care of sanitizing the input
+                assert( type(instance) == 'table' )
+                local className, methodName = M.LuaUnit.splitClassMethod( name )
+                assert( className ~= nil )
+                local methodInstance = instance[methodName]
+                assert(methodInstance ~= nil)
+                self:execOneFunction( className, methodName, instance, methodInstance )
+            end
+            if self.result.aborted then
+                break -- "--error" or "--failure" option triggered
+            end
+        end
+
+        if self.lastClassName ~= nil then
+            self:endClass()
+        end
+
+        self:endSuite()
+
+        if self.result.aborted then
+            print("LuaUnit ABORTED (as requested by --error or --failure option)")
+            os.exit(-2)
+        end
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:runSuiteByNames( listOfName )
+        --[[ Run LuaUnit with a list of generic names, coming either from command-line or from global
+            namespace analysis. Convert the list into a list of (name, valid instances (table or function))
+            and calls runSuiteByInstances.
+        ]]
+
+        local instanceName, instance
+        local listOfNameAndInst = {}
+
+        for i,name in ipairs( listOfName ) do
+            local className, methodName = M.LuaUnit.splitClassMethod( name )
+            if className then
+                instanceName = className
+                instance = _G[instanceName]
+
+                if instance == nil then
+                    error( "No such name in global space: "..instanceName )
+                end
+
+                if type(instance) ~= 'table' then
+                    error( 'Instance of '..instanceName..' must be a table, not '..type(instance))
+                end
+
+                local methodInstance = instance[methodName]
+                if methodInstance == nil then
+                    error( "Could not find method in class "..tostring(className).." for method "..tostring(methodName) )
+                end
+
+            else
+                -- for functions and classes
+                instanceName = name
+                instance = _G[instanceName]
+            end
+
+            if instance == nil then
+                error( "No such name in global space: "..instanceName )
+            end
+
+            if (type(instance) ~= 'table' and type(instance) ~= 'function') then
+                error( 'Name must match a function or a table: '..instanceName )
+            end
+
+            table.insert( listOfNameAndInst, { name, instance } )
+        end
+
+        self:runSuiteByInstances( listOfNameAndInst )
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit.run(...)
+        -- Run some specific test classes.
+        -- If no arguments are passed, run the class names specified on the
+        -- command line. If no class name is specified on the command line
+        -- run all classes whose name starts with 'Test'
+        --
+        -- If arguments are passed, they must be strings of the class names
+        -- that you want to run or generic command line arguments (-o, -p, -v, ...)
+
+        local runner = M.LuaUnit.new()
+        return runner:runSuite(...)
+    end
+
+    function M.LuaUnit:runSuite( ... )
+
+        local args = {...}
+        if type(args[1]) == 'table' and args[1].__class__ == 'LuaUnit' then
+            -- run was called with the syntax M.LuaUnit:runSuite()
+            -- we support both M.LuaUnit.run() and M.LuaUnit:run()
+            -- strip out the first argument
+            table.remove(args,1)
+        end
+
+        if #args == 0 then
+            args = cmdline_argv
+        end
+
+        local options = pcall_or_abort( M.LuaUnit.parseCmdLine, args )
+
+        -- We expect these option fields to be either `nil` or contain
+        -- valid values, so it's safe to always copy them directly.
+        self.verbosity     = options.verbosity
+        self.quitOnError   = options.quitOnError
+        self.quitOnFailure = options.quitOnFailure
+
+        self.exeRepeat            = options.exeRepeat
+        self.patternIncludeFilter = options.pattern
+        self.shuffle              = options.shuffle
+
+        if options.output then
+            if options.output:lower() == 'junit' and options.fname == nil then
+                print('With junit output, a filename must be supplied with -n or --name')
+                os.exit(-1)
+            end
+            pcall_or_abort(self.setOutputType, self, options.output, options.fname)
+        end
+
+        self:runSuiteByNames( options.testNames or M.LuaUnit.collectTests() )
+
+        return self.result.notSuccessCount
+    end
+-- class LuaUnit
+
+-- For compatbility with LuaUnit v2
+M.run = M.LuaUnit.run
+M.Run = M.LuaUnit.run
+
+function M:setVerbosity( verbosity )
+    M.LuaUnit.verbosity = verbosity
+end
+M.set_verbosity = M.setVerbosity
+M.SetVerbosity = M.setVerbosity
+
+
+return M
diff --git a/rockspecs/lua-fmt-scm-1.rockspec b/rockspecs/lua-fmt-scm-1.rockspec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18e89fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rockspecs/lua-fmt-scm-1.rockspec
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package = "lua-fmt"
+version = "scm-1"
+
+source = {
+  url = "git://github.com/starwing/lua-fmt.git",
+}
+
+description = {
+  summary = "A fmtlib implement for Lua",
+  detailed = [[
+A simple C module for Lua to format string.
+  ]],
+  homepage = "https://github.com/starwing/lua-fmt",
+  license = "MIT",
+}
+
+dependencies = {
+  "lua >= 5.1"
+}
+
+build = {
+  type = "builtin",
+  modules = {
+    fmt = "lfmt.c";
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/test.lua b/test.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0133c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+local u  = require 'luaunit'
+local fmt = require "fmt"
+
+local eq   = u.assertEquals
+local fail = u.assertErrorMsgContains
+
+function _G.test_basic()
+   eq(fmt("{} {} {}", 1, 2, 3), "1 2 3")
+   eq(fmt("{1} {1} {1}", 1), "1 1 1")
+   eq(fmt("{{"), "{")
+   eq(fmt("}}"), "}")
+   eq(fmt("{:}", 1), "1")
+   eq(fmt("{a}", {a = 1}), "1")
+   eq(fmt("{a[1]}", {a = {1}}), "1")
+   eq(fmt("{a[a]}", {a = {a = 1}}), "1")
+   eq(fmt("{a[!]}", {a = {["!"] = 1}}), "1") eq(fmt("{a.1}", {a = {1}}), "1")
+   eq(fmt("{a.a}", {a = {a = 1}}), "1")
+   fail("Single '{' encountered in format string",
+      function() fmt "{" end)
+   fail("Single '}' encountered in format string",
+      function() fmt "}" end)
+      fail("expected '}' before end of string",
+   --fail("unmatched '{' in format spec",
+      function() fmt("{:", 1) end)
+   fail("argument index out of range",
+      function() fmt("{0", 1) end)
+   fail("expected '}' before end of string",
+      function() fmt("{1", 1) end)
+   fail("Format specifier missing precision",
+      function() fmt("{:.}", 1) end)
+   fail("Invalid format specifier: 'dd}'",
+      function() fmt("{:dd}", 1) end)
+   fail("unmatched '{' in format spec",
+      function() fmt("{:dd", 1) end)
+   fail("integer expected for width, got table",
+      function() fmt("{:{}}", 1, {}) end)
+   fail("unexpected ':' in field name",
+      function() fmt("{:{:}}", 1, {}) end)
+   fail("unmatched '{' in format spec",
+      function() fmt("{:#", 1) end)
+   fail("automatic index out of range",
+      function() fmt("{} {} {}", 1) end)
+   fail("unexpected '!' in field name",
+      function() fmt("{!}", 1) end)
+   fail("unexpected '!' in field name",
+      function() fmt("{a.!}", { a = {} }) end)
+   fail("expected '}' before end of string",
+      function() fmt("{a[}", { a = {} }) end)
+   fail("cannot switch from automatic field numbering to manual field specification",
+      function() fmt("{} {1}", 1) end)
+   fail("cannot switch from manual field specification to automatic field numbering",
+      function() fmt("{1} {}", 1) end)
+   fail("Too many decimal digits in format string",
+      function() fmt("{:10000000000d}", 1) end)
+end
+
+function _G.test_int()
+   eq(fmt("{:c}", 12345), '\227\128\185')
+   eq(fmt("{:c}", 97), 'a')
+   eq(fmt("{:b}", 97), '1100001')
+   eq(fmt("{:#b}", 97), '0b1100001')
+   eq(fmt("{:#B}", 97), '0B1100001')
+   eq(fmt("{:o}", 97), '141')
+   eq(fmt("{:#o}", 97), '0o141')
+   eq(fmt("{:#O}", 97), '0O141')
+   eq(fmt("{:x}", 97), '61')
+   eq(fmt("{:#x}", 97), '0x61')
+   eq(fmt("{:#X}", 97), '0X61')
+   eq(fmt("{:#X}", -100), '-0X64')
+   eq(fmt("{:#10X}", -100), '     -0X64')
+   eq(fmt("{:#010X}", -100), '-0X0000064')
+   eq(fmt("{:+}", 100), "+100")
+   eq(fmt("{:+}", -100), "-100")
+   eq(fmt("{:-}", 100), "100")
+   eq(fmt("{:-}", -100), "-100")
+   eq(fmt("{: }", 100), " 100")
+   eq(fmt("{: }", -100), "-100")
+   eq(fmt("{:0100_}", -100), "-000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_"..
+      "000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_0000100")
+   eq(fmt("{:0101_}", -100), "-0_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_"..
+      "000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_000_0000100")
+   fail("Unknown format code 'z' for object of type 'number'",
+      function() fmt("{:z}", 1) end)
+   fail("Sign not allowed with integer format specifier 'c'",
+      function() fmt("{:+c}", 1) end)
+   fail("Alternate form (#) not allowed with integer format specifier 'c'",
+      function() fmt("{:#c}", 1) end)
+   fail("Zero form (0) not allowed with integer format specifier 'c'",
+      function() fmt("{:0c}", 1) end)
+   fail("Cannot specify ',' with 'c'",
+      function() fmt("{:,c}", 1) end)
+   fail("'c' arg not in range(2147483647)",
+      function() fmt("{:c}", -1) end)
+end
+
+function _G.test_flt()
+   if _VERSION >= "Lua 5.3" then
+      eq(fmt("{}", 1.0), "1.0")
+   end
+   eq(fmt("{}", 1.1), "1.1")
+   eq(fmt("{:.10f}", 1.0), "1.0000000000")
+   eq(fmt("{:010.1f}", 1.0), "00000001.0")
+   eq(fmt("{:%}", 1.0), "100.0%")
+   fail("precision specifier too large",
+      function() fmt("{:.100}", 1.1) end)
+   fail("Grouping form (_) not allowed in float format specifier",
+      function() fmt("{:_}", 1.1) end)
+end
+
+function _G.test_string()
+   eq(fmt("{}", "foo"), "foo")
+   eq(fmt("{:-<10}", "foo"), "-------foo")
+   eq(fmt("{:->10}", "foo"), "foo-------")
+   eq(fmt("{:-^10}", "foo"), "---foo----")
+   eq(fmt("{:s<10000}", ""), ("s"):rep(10000))
+   eq(fmt("{:<10000}", ""), (" "):rep(10000))
+   eq(fmt("{:{}}", "", 10), (" "):rep(10))
+   eq(fmt("{:{}.{}}", "abc", 10, 1), "         a")
+   fail("Unknown format code 'x' for object of type 'string'",
+      function() fmt("{:x}", "") end)
+   fail("Sign not allowed in string format specifier",
+      function() fmt("{:+}", "") end)
+   fail("Alternate form (#) not allowed in string format specifier",
+      function() fmt("{:#}", "") end)
+   fail("Zero form (0) not allowed in string format specifier",
+      function() fmt("{:0}", "") end)
+   fail("Grouping form (_) not allowed in string format specifier",
+      function() fmt("{:_}", "") end)
+end
+
+function _G.test_other()
+   eq(fmt("{}", nil), "nil")
+   eq(fmt("{}", true), "true")
+   eq(fmt("{}", false), "false")
+   fail("Unknown format code 'p' for object of type 'nil'",
+      function() fmt("{:p}", nil) end)
+   local t = {}
+   local ts = tostring(t):match "table: (%w+)"
+   eq(fmt("{}", t), tostring(t))
+   eq(fmt("{:p}", t), ts)
+
+   local t1 = setmetatable({}, {__tostring = function() return "foo" end})
+   local t2 = setmetatable({}, {__tostring = function() return {} end})
+   eq(fmt("{}", t1), "foo")
+   fail("'__tostring' must return a string",
+      function() fmt("{}", t2) end)
+end
+
+if _VERSION == "Lua 5.1" and not _G.jit then
+   u.LuaUnit.run()
+else
+   os.exit(u.LuaUnit.run(), true)
+end
+
+-- cc: run='rm -f *.gcda; time lua test.lua; gcov lfmt.c'