diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 1294221a..bdb7bb54 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 node_modules
 .DS_Store
+kontra.min.js.map
 kontra.build.js
 kontra.build.min.js
 index.html
diff --git a/.jshintrc b/.jshintrc
index acb84245..c761d7e4 100644
--- a/.jshintrc
+++ b/.jshintrc
@@ -14,5 +14,6 @@
     "undef"         : false,    // Require all non-global variables be declared before they are used.
     "strict"        : true,     // Require `use strict` pragma in every file.
     "trailing"      : true,     // Prohibit trailing whitespaces.
-    "browser"       : true      // Standard browser globals e.g. `window`, `document`.
+    "browser"       : true,     // Standard browser globals e.g. `window`, `document`.
+    "boss"          : true      // Suppress warnings about assignments in comparisons
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
index d5cbf35b..bc52cc95 100644
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2013 Greg Thornton
+Copyright (c) 2015 Steven Lambert
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
diff --git a/examples/galaxian/js/galaxian.js b/examples/galaxian/js/galaxian.js
index 3746aa4d..23019a53 100644
--- a/examples/galaxian/js/galaxian.js
+++ b/examples/galaxian/js/galaxian.js
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ kontra.loadAssets(
     kontra.audios.kick_shock.currentTime = 0;
     kontra.audios.kick_shock.play();
 
-    player.position.init(280, 270);
+    player.position.init({x: 280, y: 270});
   };
 
   startGame();
diff --git a/examples/tileEngine/index.html b/examples/tileEngine/index.html
index bf2d5f1c..6008f2cb 100644
--- a/examples/tileEngine/index.html
+++ b/examples/tileEngine/index.html
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@
       frameHeight: 64,
       animations: {
         walk_up: {
-          frames: '104..112',
-          frameSpeed: 4
+          frames: '105..112',
+          frameRate: 12
         },
         walk_left: {
-          frames: '117..125',
-          frameSpeed: 4
+          frames: '118..125',
+          frameRate: 12
         },
         walk_down: {
-          frames: '130..138',
-          frameSpeed: 4
+          frames: '131..138',
+          frameRate: 12
         },
         walk_right: {
-          frames: '143..151',
-          frameSpeed: 4
+          frames: '144..151',
+          frameRate: 12
         }
       }
     });
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@
     var player = kontra.sprite({
       x: 268,
       y: 268,
-      width: 64,
-      height: 64,
       speed: 3,
       startX: 268,
       startY: 268,
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@
       },
     });
 
-    player.position.clamp(0, 0, kontra.canvas.width - player.width, kontra.canvas.height - player.height);
+    player.position.clamp(-16, -16, kontra.canvas.width - player.width + 16, kontra.canvas.height - player.height + 16);
 
     var loop = kontra.gameLoop({
       update: function() {
diff --git a/gulpfile.js b/gulpfile.js
index eac0603a..dbca81af 100644
--- a/gulpfile.js
+++ b/gulpfile.js
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ var rename = require('gulp-rename');
 var size = require('gulp-size');
 var sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps');
 var uglify = require('gulp-uglify');
-var karma = require('karma').server;
+var Server = require('karma').Server;
 
 var package = require('./package.json');
 
@@ -139,9 +139,17 @@ gulp.task('watch', function() {
 });
 
 gulp.task('test', function(done) {
-  karma.start({
-    configFile: __dirname + '/karma.conf.js'
-  }, done);
+  new Server({
+    basePath: '',
+    frameworks: ['mocha', 'chai', 'sinon'],
+    files: [
+      // assets
+      'test/phantom.polyfill.js',
+      'src/*.js',
+      'test/*.js'
+    ],
+    browsers: ['Chrome', 'Firefox', 'Safari', 'IE']
+  }, done).start();
 });
 
 gulp.task('default', ['lint', 'scripts', 'connect', 'watch']);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kontra.js b/kontra.js
index fd7b92e7..191c50b7 100644
--- a/kontra.js
+++ b/kontra.js
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
      * Initialize properties on the game loop.
      * @memberof kontra.gameLoop
      *
-     * @param {object}   properties - Configure the game loop.
+     * @param {object}   properties - Properties of the game loop.
      * @param {number}   [properties.fps=60] - Desired frame rate.
      * @param {function} properties.update - Function called to update the game.
      * @param {function} properties.render - Function called to render the game.
@@ -1010,6 +1010,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
       // animation variables
       this._accumulator = 0;
       this._delta = 1E3 / (properties.fps || 60);
+      this._step = 1 / (properties.fps || 60);
 
       this.update = properties.update;
       this.render = properties.render;
@@ -1056,7 +1057,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
       _this._accumulator += _this._dt;
 
       while (_this._accumulator >= _this._delta) {
-        _this.update(_this._delta / 1E3);
+        _this.update(_this._step);
 
         _this._accumulator -= _this._delta;
       }
@@ -1067,8 +1068,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
 
   return kontra;
 })(kontra || {}, window);
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -1373,8 +1372,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
 
   return kontra;
 })(kontra || {}, window);
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -1581,8 +1578,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra) {
 
   return kontra;
 })(kontra || {});
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -1613,11 +1608,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * Initialize properties on the quadtree.
      * @memberof kontra.quadtree
      *
-     * @param {number} [depth=0] - Current node depth.
-     * @param {number} [maxDepth=3] - Maximum node depths the quadtree can have.
-     * @param {number} [maxObjects=25] - Maximum number of objects a node can support before splitting.
-     * @param {object} [parentNode] - The node that contains this node.
-     * @param {object} [bounds] - The 2D space this node occupies.
+     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the quadtree.
+     * @param {number} [properties.depth=0] - Current node depth.
+     * @param {number} [properties.maxDepth=3] - Maximum node depths the quadtree can have.
+     * @param {number} [properties.maxObjects=25] - Maximum number of objects a node can support before splitting.
+     * @param {object} [properties.parentNode] - The node that contains this node.
+     * @param {object} [properties.bounds] - The 2D space this node occupies.
      */
     init: function init(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
@@ -1693,6 +1689,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * the maximum number of objects allowed, it will split and move all objects to their
      * corresponding subnodes.
      * @memberof kontra.quadtree
+     *
+     * @param {...object|object[]} Objects to add to the quadtree
+     *
+     * @example
+     * kontra.quadtree().add({id:1}, {id:2}, {id:3});
+     * kontra.quadtree().add([{id:1}, {id:2}], {id:3});
      */
     add: function add() {
       var _this = this;
@@ -1763,16 +1765,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
       var verticalMidpoint = this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width / 2;
       var horizontalMidpoint = this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height / 2;
 
-      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects
-      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);
-      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);
-
       // save off quadrant checks for reuse
-      var intersectsTopQuadrants = y < horizontalMidpoint && y + object.height >= this.bounds.y;
-      var intersectsBottomQuadrants = y + object.height >= horizontalMidpoint && y < this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height;
+      var intersectsTopQuadrants = object.y < horizontalMidpoint && object.y + object.height >= this.bounds.y;
+      var intersectsBottomQuadrants = object.y + object.height >= horizontalMidpoint && object.y < this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height;
 
       // object intersects with the left quadrants
-      if (x < verticalMidpoint && x + object.width >= this.bounds.x) {
+      if (object.x < verticalMidpoint && object.x + object.width >= this.bounds.x) {
         if (intersectsTopQuadrants) {  // top left
           indices.push(0);
         }
@@ -1783,7 +1781,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
       }
 
       // object intersects with the right quadrants
-      if (x + object.width >= verticalMidpoint && x < this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width) {  // top right
+      if (object.x + object.width >= verticalMidpoint && object.x < this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width) {  // top right
         if (intersectsTopQuadrants) {
           indices.push(1);
         }
@@ -1811,14 +1809,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
 
       var subWidth = this.bounds.width / 2 | 0;
       var subHeight = this.bounds.height / 2 | 0;
-      var x = this.bounds.x;
-      var y = this.bounds.y;
 
       for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
         this.subnodes[i] = kontra.quadtree({
           bounds: {
-            x: x + (i % 2 === 1 ? subWidth : 0),  // nodes 1 and 3
-            y: y + (i >= 2 ? subHeight : 0),      // nodes 2 and 3
+            x: this.bounds.x + (i % 2 === 1 ? subWidth : 0),  // nodes 1 and 3
+            y: this.bounds.y + (i >= 2 ? subHeight : 0),      // nodes 2 and 3
             width: subWidth,
             height: subHeight
           },
@@ -1835,6 +1831,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @memberof kontra.quadtree
      */
     render: function() {
+      /* istanbul ignore next */
       // don't draw empty leaf nodes, always draw branch nodes and the first node
       if (this.objects.length || this.depth === 0 ||
           (this.parentNode && this.parentNode.isBranchNode)) {
@@ -1879,9 +1876,9 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
    *
    * @see kontra.vector.prototype.init for list of parameters.
    */
-  kontra.vector = function(x, y) {
+  kontra.vector = function(properties) {
     var vector = Object.create(kontra.vector.prototype);
-    vector.init(x, y);
+    vector.init(properties);
 
     return vector;
   };
@@ -1891,14 +1888,17 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * Initialize the vectors x and y position.
      * @memberof kontra.vector
      *
-     * @param {number} x=0 - Center x coordinate.
-     * @param {number} y=0 - Center y coordinate.
+     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the vector.
+     * @param {number} properties.x=0 - X coordinate.
+     * @param {number} properties.y=0 - Y coordinate.
      *
      * @returns {vector}
      */
-    init: function init(x, y) {
-      this.x = x || 0;
-      this.y = y || 0;
+    init: function init(properties) {
+      properties = properties || {};
+
+      this.x = properties.x || 0;
+      this.y = properties.y || 0;
 
       return this;
     },
@@ -1976,80 +1976,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
   };
 
   kontra.sprite.prototype = {
-    /**
-     * Move the sprite by its velocity.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
-     */
-    advanceSprite: function advanceSprite(dt) {
-      this.velocity.add(this.acceleration, dt);
-      this.position.add(this.velocity, dt);
-
-      this.timeToLive--;
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Draw a simple rectangle. Useful for prototyping.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     */
-    drawRect: function drawRect() {
-      this.context.fillStyle = this.color;
-      this.context.fillRect(this.position.x, this.position.y, this.width, this.height);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Draw the sprite.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     */
-    drawImage: function drawImage() {
-      this.context.drawImage(this.image, this.position.x, this.position.y);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Update the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
-     */
-    advanceAnimation: function advanceAnimation(dt) {
-      this.advanceSprite(dt);
-
-      this.currentAnimation.update(dt);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Draw the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     */
-    drawAnimation: function drawAnimation() {
-      this.currentAnimation.render({
-        context: this.context,
-        x: this.position.x,
-        y: this.position.y
-      });
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Play an animation.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @param {string} name - Name of the animation to play.
-     */
-    playAnimation: function playAnimation(name) {
-      this.currentAnimation = this.animations[name];
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Determine if the sprite is alive.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    isAlive: function isAlive() {
-      return this.timeToLive > 0;
-    },
-
     /**
      * Initialize properties on the sprite.
      * @memberof kontra.sprite
@@ -2085,9 +2011,18 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
 
       var _this = this;
 
-      _this.position = (_this.position || kontra.vector()).init(properties.x, properties.y);
-      _this.velocity = (_this.velocity || kontra.vector()).init(properties.dx, properties.dy);
-      _this.acceleration = (_this.acceleration || kontra.vector()).init(properties.ddx, properties.ddy);
+      _this.position = (_this.position || kontra.vector()).init({
+        x: properties.x,
+        y: properties.y
+      });
+      _this.velocity = (_this.velocity || kontra.vector()).init({
+        x: properties.dx,
+        y: properties.dy
+      });
+      _this.acceleration = (_this.acceleration || kontra.vector()).init({
+        x: properties.ddx,
+        y: properties.ddy
+      });
 
       _this.timeToLive = properties.timeToLive || 0;
       _this.context = properties.context || kontra.context;
@@ -2099,8 +2034,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
         _this.height = properties.image.height;
 
         // change the advance and draw functions to work with images
-        _this.advance = _this.advanceSprite;
-        _this.draw = _this.drawImage;
+        _this.advance = _this._advanceSprite;
+        _this.draw = _this._drawImage;
       }
       // animation sprite
       else if (properties.animations) {
@@ -2112,8 +2047,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
         _this.height = _this.currentAnimation.height;
 
         // change the advance and draw functions to work with animations
-        _this.advance = _this.advanceAnimation;
-        _this.draw = _this.drawAnimation;
+        _this.advance = _this._advanceAnimation;
+        _this.draw = _this._drawAnimation;
       }
       // rectangle sprite
       else {
@@ -2122,8 +2057,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
         _this.height = properties.height;
 
         // change the advance and draw functions to work with rectangles
-        _this.advance = _this.advanceSprite;
-        _this.draw = _this.drawRect;
+        _this.advance = _this._advanceSprite;
+        _this.draw = _this._drawRect;
       }
 
       // loop through all other properties an add them to the sprite
@@ -2216,6 +2151,16 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
       this.acceleration.y = value;
     },
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the sprite is alive.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     *
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    isAlive: function isAlive() {
+      return this.timeToLive > 0;
+    },
+
     /**
      * Simple bounding box collision test.
      * @memberof kontra.sprite
@@ -2225,14 +2170,10 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @returns {boolean} True if the objects collide, false otherwise.
      */
     collidesWith: function collidesWith(object) {
-      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects
-      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);
-      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);
-
-      if (this.position.x < x + object.width &&
-          this.position.x + this.width > x &&
-          this.position.y < y + object.height &&
-          this.position.y + this.height > y) {
+      if (this.x < object.x + object.width &&
+          this.x + this.width > object.x &&
+          this.y < object.y + object.height &&
+          this.y + this.height > object.y) {
         return true;
       }
 
@@ -2283,13 +2224,80 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      */
     render: function render() {
       this.draw();
-    }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Play an animation.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     *
+     * @param {string} name - Name of the animation to play.
+     */
+    playAnimation: function playAnimation(name) {
+      this.currentAnimation = this.animations[name];
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Move the sprite by its velocity.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     *
+     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
+     */
+    _advanceSprite: function advanceSprite(dt) {
+      this.velocity.add(this.acceleration, dt);
+      this.position.add(this.velocity, dt);
+
+      this.timeToLive--;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Update the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     *
+     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
+     */
+    _advanceAnimation: function advanceAnimation(dt) {
+      this._advanceSprite(dt);
+
+      this.currentAnimation.update(dt);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a simple rectangle. Useful for prototyping.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     */
+    _drawRect: function drawRect() {
+      this.context.fillStyle = this.color;
+      this.context.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Draw the sprite.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     */
+    _drawImage: function drawImage() {
+      this.context.drawImage(this.image, this.x, this.y);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Draw the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     */
+    _drawAnimation: function drawAnimation() {
+      this.currentAnimation.render({
+        context: this.context,
+        x: this.x,
+        y: this.y
+      });
+    },
   };
 
   return kontra;
 })(kontra || {}, Math);
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -2314,22 +2322,56 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @param {object} properties - Properties of the animation.
      * @param {spriteSheet} properties.spriteSheet - Sprite sheet for the animation.
      * @param {number[]} properties.frames - List of frames of the animation.
-     * @param {number}  properties.frameSpeed - Time to wait before transitioning the animation to the next frame.
+     * @param {number}  properties.frameRate - Number of frames to display in one second.
      */
     init: function init(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
 
       this.spriteSheet = properties.spriteSheet;
       this.frames = properties.frames;
-      this.frameSpeed = properties.frameSpeed;
+      this.frameRate = properties.frameRate;
 
       this.width = properties.spriteSheet.frame.width;
       this.height = properties.spriteSheet.frame.height;
 
       this.currentFrame = 0;
       this._accumulator = 0;
-      this.update = this.advance;
-      this.render = this.draw;
+
+      // set update and render so we can noop them later to stop the animation
+      this.update = this._advance;
+      this.render = this._draw;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Play the animation.
+     * @memberof kontra.animation
+     */
+    play: function play() {
+      // restore references to update and render functions only if overridden
+      this.update = this._advance;
+      this.render = this._draw;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the animation and prevent update and render.
+     * @memberof kontra.animation
+     */
+    stop: function stop() {
+
+      // instead of putting an if statement in both render/update functions that checks
+      // a variable to determine whether to render or update, we can just reassign the
+      // functions to noop and save processing time in the game loop.
+      // @see http://jsperf.com/boolean-check-vs-noop
+      this.update = kontra.noop;
+      this.render = kontra.noop;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Pause the animation and prevent update.
+     * @memberof kontra.animation
+     */
+    pause: function pause() {
+      this.update = kontra.noop;
     },
 
     /**
@@ -2337,19 +2379,18 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @memberof kontra.animation
      * @private
      *
-     * @param {number} dt=1 - Time since last update.
+     * @param {number} [dt=1/60] - Time since last update.
      */
-    advance: function advance(dt) {
-      // normalize dt to work with milliseconds as a decimal or an integer
-      dt = (dt < 1 ? dt * 1E3 : dt) || 1;
+    _advance: function advance(dt) {
+      dt = dt || 1 / 60;
 
       this._accumulator += dt;
 
       // update to the next frame if it's time
-      while (this._accumulator >= this.frameSpeed) {
+      while (this._accumulator * this.frameRate >= 1) {
         this.currentFrame = ++this.currentFrame % this.frames.length;
 
-        this._accumulator -= this.frameSpeed;
+        this._accumulator -= 1 / this.frameRate;
       }
     },
 
@@ -2363,7 +2404,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @param {number} properties.y - Y position to draw.
      * @param {Context} [properties.context=kontra.context] - Provide a context for the sprite to draw on.
      */
-    draw: function draw(properties) {
+    _draw: function draw(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
 
       var context = properties.context || kontra.context;
@@ -2379,38 +2420,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
         properties.x, properties.y,
         this.spriteSheet.frame.width, this.spriteSheet.frame.height
       );
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Play the animation.
-     * @memberof kontra.animation
-     */
-    play: function play() {
-      // restore references to update and render functions only if overridden
-      this.update = this.advance;
-      this.render = this.draw;
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Stop the animation and prevent update and render.
-     * @memberof kontra.animation
-     */
-    stop: function stop() {
-
-      // instead of putting an if statement in both render/update functions that checks
-      // a variable to determine whether to render or update, we can just reassign the
-      // functions to noop and save processing time in the game loop.
-      // @see http://jsperf.com/boolean-check-vs-noop
-      this.update = kontra.noop;
-      this.render = kontra.noop;
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Pause the animation and prevent update.
-     * @memberof kontra.animation
-     */
-    pause: function pause() {
-      this.update = kontra.noop;
     }
   };
 
@@ -2436,9 +2445,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
     /**
      * Initialize properties on the spriteSheet.
      * @memberof kontra
-     * @constructor
      *
-     * @param {object} properties - Configure the sprite sheet.
+     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the sprite sheet.
      * @param {Image|Canvas} properties.image - Image for the sprite sheet.
      * @param {number} properties.frameWidth - Width (in px) of each frame.
      * @param {number} properties.frameHeight - Height (in px) of each frame.
@@ -2475,7 +2483,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      *
      * @param {object} animations - List of named animations to create from the Image.
      * @param {number|string|number[]|string[]} animations.animationName.frames - A single frame or list of frames for this animation.
-     * @param {number} animations.animationName.frameSpeed=1 - Number of frames to wait before transitioning the animation to the next frame.
+     * @param {number} animations.animationName.frameRate - Number of frames to display in one second.
      *
      * @example
      * var sheet = kontra.spriteSheet({image: img, frameWidth: 16, frameHeight: 16});
@@ -2485,19 +2493,19 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      *   },
      *   walk: {
      *     frames: '2..6',  // ascending consecutive frame animation (frames 2-6, inclusive)
-     *     frameSpeed: 4
+     *     frameRate: 4
      *   },
      *   moonWalk: {
      *     frames: '6..2',  // descending consecutive frame animation
-     *     frameSpeed: 4
+     *     frameRate: 4
      *   },
      *   jump: {
      *     frames: [7, 12, 2],  // non-consecutive frame animation
-     *     frameSpeed: 3
+     *     frameRate: 3
      *   },
      *   attack: {
      *     frames: ['8..10', 13, '10..8'],  // you can also mix and match, in this case frames [8,9,10,13,10,9,8]
-     *     frameSpeed: 2
+     *     frameRate: 2
      *   }
      * });
      */
@@ -2511,7 +2519,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
       }
 
       // create each animation by parsing the frames
-      var animation, frames, frameSpeed, sequence;
+      var animation, frames, frameRate, sequence;
       for (var name in animations) {
         if (!animations.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
           continue;
@@ -2519,7 +2527,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
 
         animation = animations[name];
         frames = animation.frames;
-        frameSpeed = animation.frameSpeed;
+        frameRate = animation.frameRate;
 
         // array that holds the order of the animation
         sequence = [];
@@ -2554,11 +2562,16 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
             }
           }
         }
+        else {
+          error = new SyntaxError('Improper frames value');
+          kontra.logError(error, 'The frames property must be a number, string, or array.');
+          return;
+        }
 
         this.animations[name] = kontra.animation({
           spriteSheet: this,
           frames: sequence,
-          frameSpeed: frameSpeed
+          frameRate: frameRate
         });
       }
     },
@@ -2681,8 +2694,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window, localStorage, undefined) {
 
   return kontra;
 })(kontra || {}, window, window.localStorage);
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -2774,7 +2785,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @memberof kontra.tileEngine
      *
      * @param {object} properties - Properties of the image to add.
-     * @param {string|Image|Canvas} properties.image - Path to the image or Image object.
+     * @param {Image|Canvas} properties.image - Path to the image or Image object.
      * @param {number} properties.firstGrid - The first tile grid to start the image.
      */
     addTileset: function addTileset(properties) {
@@ -2792,7 +2803,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
             var tiles = (lastTileset.image.width / this.tileWidth | 0) *
                         (lastTileset.image.height / this.tileHeight | 0);
 
-            firstGrid = lastTileset.firstGrid + tiles - 1;
+            firstGrid = lastTileset.firstGrid + tiles;
           }
           // otherwise this is the first tile added to the tile map
           else {
@@ -2826,7 +2837,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @param {string} properties.name - Name of the layer.
      * @param {number[]} properties.data - Tile layer data.
      * @param {boolean} [properties.render=true] - If the layer should be drawn.
-     * @param {number} properties.zIndex - Draw order for tile layer. Highest number is drawn last (i.e. on top of all other layers).
+     * @param {number} [properties.zIndex] - Draw order for tile layer. Highest number is drawn last (i.e. on top of all other layers).
      */
     addLayer: function addLayer(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
@@ -2879,16 +2890,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @returns {boolean} True if the object collides with a tile, false otherwise.
      */
     layerCollidesWith: function layerCollidesWith(name, object) {
-      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects
-      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);
-      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);
-
       // calculate all tiles that the object can collide with
-      var row = this._getRow(y);
-      var col = this._getCol(x);
+      var row = this._getRow(object.y);
+      var col = this._getCol(object.x);
 
-      var endRow = this._getRow(y + object.height);
-      var endCol = this._getCol(x + object.width);
+      var endRow = this._getRow(object.y + object.height);
+      var endCol = this._getCol(object.x + object.width);
 
       // check all tiles
       var index;
diff --git a/kontra.min.js b/kontra.min.js
index 64a416fd..8ac2f6f9 100644
--- a/kontra.min.js
+++ b/kontra.min.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-function qFactory(t,e){function i(t,e,n){var r;if(t)if(a(t))for(r in t)"prototype"==r||"length"==r||"name"==r||t.hasOwnProperty&&!t.hasOwnProperty(r)||e.call(n,t[r],r);else if(t.forEach&&t.forEach!==i)t.forEach(e,n);else if(h(t))for(r=0;r<t.length;r++)e.call(n,t[r],r);else for(r in t)t.hasOwnProperty(r)&&e.call(n,t[r],r);return t}function n(t){return t}function r(t){return d(t)}function s(t){var e=c(),n=0,r=h(t)?[]:{};return i(t,function(t,i){n++,u(t).then(function(t){r.hasOwnProperty(i)||(r[i]=t,--n||e.resolve(r))},function(t){r.hasOwnProperty(i)||e.reject(t)},function(t){r.hasOwnProperty(i)||e.notify(t)})}),0===n&&e.resolve(r),e.promise}var o={}.toString,a=function(t){return"function"==typeof t},h=function(t){return"[object Array]"===o.call(t)},c=function(){var i,s,o=[];return s={resolve:function(e){if(o){var n=o;o=void 0,i=u(e),n.length&&t(function(){for(var t,e=0,r=n.length;r>e;e++)t=n[e],i.then(t[0],t[1],t[2])})}},reject:function(t){s.resolve(f(t))},notify:function(e){if(o){var i=o;o.length&&t(function(){for(var t,n=0,r=i.length;r>n;n++)t=i[n],t[2](e)})}},promise:{then:function(t,s,h){var u=c(),d=function(i){try{u.resolve((a(t)?t:n)(i))}catch(r){u.reject(r),e(r)}},f=function(t){try{u.resolve((a(s)?s:r)(t))}catch(i){u.reject(i),e(i)}},l=function(t){try{u.notify((a(h)?h:n)(t))}catch(i){e(i)}};return o?o.push([d,f,l]):i.then(d,f,l),u.promise},"catch":function(t){return this.then(null,t)},"finally":function(t){function e(t,e){var i=c();return e?i.resolve(t):i.reject(t),i.promise}function i(i,r){var s=null;try{s=(t||n)()}catch(o){return e(o,!1)}return s&&a(s.then)?s.then(function(){return e(i,r)},function(t){return e(t,!1)}):e(i,r)}return this.then(function(t){return i(t,!0)},function(t){return i(t,!1)})}}}},u=function(e){return e&&a(e.then)?e:{then:function(i){var n=c();return t(function(){n.resolve(i(e))}),n.promise}}},d=function(t){var e=c();return e.reject(t),e.promise},f=function(i){return{then:function(n,s){var o=c();return t(function(){try{o.resolve((a(s)?s:r)(i))}catch(t){o.reject(t),e(t)}}),o.promise}}},l=function(i,s,o,h){var f,l=c(),p=function(t){try{return(a(s)?s:n)(t)}catch(i){return e(i),d(i)}},m=function(t){try{return(a(o)?o:r)(t)}catch(i){return e(i),d(i)}},g=function(t){try{return(a(h)?h:n)(t)}catch(i){e(i)}};return t(function(){u(i).then(function(t){f||(f=!0,l.resolve(u(t).then(p,m,g)))},function(t){f||(f=!0,l.resolve(m(t)))},function(t){f||l.notify(g(t))})}),l.promise};return{defer:c,reject:d,when:l,all:s}}window.q=qFactory(function(t){setTimeout(function(){t()},0)},function(t){console.error("qLite: "+t.stack)});var kontra=function(t){var e=/(jpeg|jpg|gif|png)$/,i=/(wav|mp3|ogg|aac|m4a)$/;t.images={},t.audios={},t.data={},t.assetPaths={images:"",audios:"",data:""};var n=new Audio;return t.canUse=t.canUse||{},t.canUse.wav="",t.canUse.mp3=n.canPlayType("audio/mpeg;").replace(/^no$/,""),t.canUse.ogg=n.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"').replace(/^no$/,""),t.canUse.aac=n.canPlayType("audio/aac;").replace(/^no$/,""),t.canUse.m4a=(n.canPlayType("audio/x-m4a;")||t.canUse.aac).replace(/^no$/,""),t.getAssetExtension=function(t){return t.substr((~-t.lastIndexOf(".")>>>0)+2)},t.getAssetType=function(t){var n=this.getAssetExtension(t);return n.match(e)?"Image":n.match(i)?"Audio":"Data"},t.getAssetName=function(t){return t.replace(/\.[^/.]+$/,"")},t}(kontra||{}),kontra=function(t,e){return t.loadAssets=function(){var i,n,r=e.defer(),s=[],o=0,a=arguments.length;arguments.length||r.resolve();for(var h,c=0;h=arguments[c];c++)n=Array.isArray(h)?h[0]:h,i=this.getAssetType(n),function(e){s.push(e.promise),t["load"+i](n).then(function(){e.resolve(),r.notify({loaded:++o,total:a})},function(t){e.reject(t)})}(e.defer());return e.all(s).then(function(){r.resolve()},function(t){r.reject(t)}),r.promise},t.loadImage=function(i){var n=e.defer(),r=this.getAssetName(i),s=new Image;return i=this.assetPaths.images+i,s.onload=function(){t.images[r]=t.images[i]=this,n.resolve(this)},s.onerror=function(){n.reject("Unable to load image "+i)},s.src=i,n.promise},t.loadAudio=function(i){var n,r,s,o,a=e.defer();Array.isArray(i)||(i=[i]);for(var h=0;n=i[h];h++)if(this.canUse[this.getAssetExtension(n)]){s=n;break}return s?(r=this.getAssetName(s),o=new Audio,n=this.assetPaths.audios+s,o.addEventListener("canplay",function(){t.audios[r]=t.audios[n]=this,a.resolve(this)}),o.onerror=function(){a.reject("Unable to load audio "+n)},o.src=n,o.preload="auto",o.load()):a.reject("Browser cannot play any of the audio formats provided"),a.promise},t.loadData=function(i){var n=e.defer(),r=new XMLHttpRequest,s=this.getAssetName(i),o=this.assetPaths.data+i;return r.addEventListener("load",function(){if(200!==r.status)return void n.reject(r.responseText);try{var e=JSON.parse(r.responseText);t.data[s]=t.data[o]=e,n.resolve(e)}catch(i){var a=r.responseText;t.data[s]=t.data[o]=a,n.resolve(a)}}),r.open("GET",o,!0),r.send(),n.promise},t}(kontra||{},q),kontra=function(t,e){return t.bundles={},t.createBundle=function(t,e){this.bundles[t]||(this.bundles[t]=e||[])},t.loadBundles=function(){for(var t,i,n=e.defer(),r=[],s=0,o=0,a=0;i=arguments[a];a++)(t=this.bundles[i])?(o+=t.length,r.push(this.loadAssets.apply(this,t))):n.reject("Bundle '"+i+"' has not been created.");return e.all(r).then(function(){n.resolve()},function(t){n.reject(t)},function(){n.notify({loaded:++s,total:o})}),n.promise},t}(kontra||{},q),kontra=function(t,e){return t.loadManifest=function(i){var n,r=e.defer();return t.loadData(i).then(function(e){t.assetPaths.images=e.imagePath||"",t.assetPaths.audios=e.audioPath||"",t.assetPaths.data=e.dataPath||"";for(var i,s=0;i=e.bundles[s];s++)t.createBundle(i.name,i.assets);return e.loadBundles?(n="all"===e.loadBundles?Object.keys(t.bundles||{}):Array.isArray(e.loadBundles)?e.loadBundles:[e.loadBundles],void t.loadBundles.apply(t,n).then(function(){r.resolve()},function(t){r.reject(t)},function(t){r.notify(t)})):void r.resolve()},function(t){r.reject(t)}),r.promise},t}(kontra||{},q),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.init=function(i){if(i=i||{},t.isString(i.canvas))this.canvas=e.getElementById(i.canvas);else if(t.isCanvas(i.canvas))this.canvas=i.canvas;else if(this.canvas=e.getElementsByTagName("canvas")[0],!this.canvas){var n=new ReferenceError("No canvas element found.");return void t.logError(n,"You must provide a canvas element for the game.")}this.context=this.canvas.getContext("2d"),this.game={width:this.canvas.width,height:this.canvas.height}},t.logError=function(t,e){console.error("Kontra: "+e+"\n	"+t.stack)},t.noop=function(){},t.isArray=Array.isArray,t.isString=function(t){return"string"==typeof t},t.isNumber=function(t){return"number"==typeof t},t.isImage=function(t){return t instanceof HTMLImageElement},t.isCanvas=function(t){return t instanceof HTMLCanvasElement},t}(kontra||{},document),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.timestamp=function(){return e.performance&&e.performance.now?function(){return e.performance.now()}:function(){return(new Date).getTime()}}(),t.gameLoop=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.gameLoop.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.gameLoop.prototype={init:function(e){if(e=e||{},"function"!=typeof e.update||"function"!=typeof e.render){var i=new ReferenceError("Required functions not found");return void t.logError(i,"You must provide update() and render() functions to create a game loop.")}this.isStopped=!1,this._accumulator=0,this._delta=1e3/(e.fps||60),this.update=e.update,this.render=e.render},start:function(){this._last=t.timestamp(),this.isStopped=!1,requestAnimationFrame(this._frame.bind(this))},stop:function(){this.isStopped=!0,cancelAnimationFrame(this._rAF)},_frame:function(){var e=this;if(e._rAF=requestAnimationFrame(e._frame.bind(e)),e._now=t.timestamp(),e._dt=e._now-e._last,e._last=e._now,!(e._dt>1e3)){for(e._accumulator+=e._dt;e._accumulator>=e._delta;)e.update(e._delta/1e3),e._accumulator-=e._delta;e.render()}}},t}(kontra||{},window),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";function i(t){return"number"==typeof t.which?t.which:t.keyCode}function n(t){var e=[];t=t.trim().replace("++","+plus");for(var i,n=0;i=p[n];n++)-1!==t.indexOf(i)&&(e.push(i),t=t.replace(i,""));return t=t.replace(/\+/g,"").toLowerCase(),f[t]?e.push("shift+"+f[t]):t&&e.push(t),e.join("+")}function r(t){for(var e,n=[],r=0;e=p[r];r++)t[e+"Key"]&&n.push(e);var s=u[i(t)];return-1===n.indexOf(s)&&n.push(s),n.join("+")}function s(t){for(var e,i=r(t),n=0,s=i.split("+");e=s[n];n++)c[e]=!0;h[i]&&(h[i](t,i),t.preventDefault())}function o(t){var e=u[i(t)];c[e]=!1,l[e]&&(c[l[e]]=!1)}function a(t){c={}}for(var h={},c={},u={8:"backspace",9:"tab",13:"enter",16:"shift",17:"ctrl",18:"alt",20:"capslock",27:"esc",32:"space",33:"pageup",34:"pagedown",35:"end",36:"home",37:"left",38:"up",39:"right",40:"down",45:"insert",46:"delete",91:"leftwindow",92:"rightwindow",93:"select",144:"numlock",145:"scrolllock",106:"*",107:"+",109:"-",110:".",111:"/",186:";",187:"=",188:",",189:"-",190:".",191:"/",192:"`",219:"[",220:"\\",221:"]",222:"'"},d=0;26>d;d++)u[65+d]=String.fromCharCode(65+d).toLowerCase();for(d=0;10>d;d++)u[48+d]=""+d;for(d=1;20>d;d++)u[111+d]="f"+d;for(d=0;10>d;d++)u[96+d]="numpad"+d;var f={"~":"`","!":"1","@":"2","#":"3",$:"4","%":"5","^":"6","&":"7","*":"8","(":"9",")":"0",_:"-","+":"=",":":";",'"':"'","<":",",">":".","?":"/","|":"\\",plus:"="},l={leftwindow:"meta",select:"meta"},p=["meta","ctrl","alt","shift"];return e.addEventListener("keydown",s),e.addEventListener("keyup",o),e.addEventListener("blur",a),t.keys={},t.keys.bind=function(e,i){if("function"!=typeof i){var r=new SyntaxError("Invalid function.");return void t.logError(r,"You must provide a function as the second parameter.")}e=t.isArray(e)?e:[e];for(var s,o=0;s=e[o];o++){var a=n(s);h[a]=i}},t.keys.unbind=function(e){e=t.isArray(e)?e:[e];for(var i,r=0;i=e[r];r++){var s=n(i);h[s]=void 0}},t.keys.pressed=function(t){var e=n(t),i=!0;t=e.split("+");for(var r,s=0;r=t[s];s++)i=i&&!!c[r];return i},t}(kontra||{},window),kontra=function(t){"use strict";return t.pool=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.pool.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.pool.prototype={init:function(e){e=e||{};var i,n;if("function"!=typeof e.create)return i=new SyntaxError("Required function not found."),void t.logError(i,"Parameter 'create' must be a function that returns an object.");if(this.create=e.create.bind(this,e.createProperties||{}),n=this.create(),!n||"function"!=typeof n.render||"function"!=typeof n.update||"function"!=typeof n.init||"function"!=typeof n.isAlive)return i=new SyntaxError("Create object required functions not found."),void t.logError(i,"Objects to be pooled must implement render(), update(), init() and isAlive() functions.");if(this.objects=[n],this.size=1,this.maxSize=e.maxSize||1/0,this.lastIndex=0,this.inUse=0,e.fill){if(!e.maxSize)return i=new SyntaxError("Required property not found."),void t.logError(i,"Parameter 'maxSize' must be set before you can fill a pool.");for(;this.objects.length<this.maxSize;)this.objects.unshift(this.create());this.size=this.maxSize,this.lastIndex=this.maxSize-1}},get:function(t){t=t||{};var e=this;if(e.objects[0].isAlive()){if(e.size===e.maxSize)return;for(var i=0;i<e.size&&e.objects.length<e.maxSize;i++)e.objects.unshift(e.create());e.size=e.objects.length,e.lastIndex=e.size-1}var n=e.objects[0];n.init(t);for(var r=1;r<e.size;r++)e.objects[r-1]=e.objects[r];e.objects[e.lastIndex]=n,e.inUse++},getAliveObjects:function(){return this.objects.slice(this.objects.length-this.inUse)},clear:function(){this.inUse=0,this.size=1,this.lastIndex=0,this.objects.length=0,this.objects.push(this.create())},update:function(t){for(var e,i=this.lastIndex,n=Math.max(this.objects.length-this.inUse,0);i>=n;)if(e=this.objects[i],e.update(t),e.isAlive())i--;else{for(var r=i;r>0;r--)this.objects[r]=this.objects[r-1];this.objects[0]=e,this.inUse--,n++}},render:function(){for(var t=Math.max(this.objects.length-this.inUse,0),e=this.lastIndex;e>=t;e--)this.objects[e].render()}},t}(kontra||{}),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.quadtree=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.quadtree.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.quadtree.prototype={init:function(e){e=e||{},this.depth=e.depth||0,this.maxDepth=e.maxDepth||3,this.maxObjects=e.maxObjects||25,this.isBranchNode=!1,this.parentNode=e.parentNode,this.bounds=e.bounds||{x:0,y:0,width:t.game.width,height:t.game.height},this.objects=[],this.subnodes=[]},clear:function(){if(this.isBranchNode)for(var t=0;4>t;t++)this.subnodes[t].clear();this.isBranchNode=!1,this.objects.length=0},get:function(t){for(var e,i,n=this,r=[];n.subnodes.length&&this.isBranchNode;){e=this._getIndex(t);for(var s=0,o=e.length;o>s;s++)i=e[s],r.push.apply(r,this.subnodes[i].get(t));return r}return n.objects},add:function(){for(var e,i,n,r=this,s=0,o=arguments.length;o>s;s++)if(i=arguments[s],t.isArray(i))r.add.apply(this,i);else if(r.subnodes.length&&r.isBranchNode)r._addToSubnode(i);else if(r.objects.push(i),r.objects.length>r.maxObjects&&r.depth<r.maxDepth){for(r._split(),e=0;n=r.objects[e];e++)r._addToSubnode(n);r.objects.length=0}},_addToSubnode:function(t){for(var e=this._getIndex(t),i=0,n=e.length;n>i;i++)this.subnodes[e[i]].add(t)},_getIndex:function(t){var i=[],n=this.bounds.x+this.bounds.width/2,r=this.bounds.y+this.bounds.height/2,s=t.x!==e?t.x:t.position.x,o=t.y!==e?t.y:t.position.y,a=r>o&&o+t.height>=this.bounds.y,h=o+t.height>=r&&o<this.bounds.y+this.bounds.height;return n>s&&s+t.width>=this.bounds.x&&(a&&i.push(0),h&&i.push(2)),s+t.width>=n&&s<this.bounds.x+this.bounds.width&&(a&&i.push(1),h&&i.push(3)),i},_split:function(){if(this.isBranchNode=!0,!this.subnodes.length)for(var 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t.loadBundles.apply(t,n).then(function(){r.resolve()},function(t){r.reject(t)},function(t){r.notify(t)})):void r.resolve()},function(t){r.reject(t)}),r.promise},t}(kontra||{},q),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.init=function(i){if(i=i||{},t.isString(i.canvas))this.canvas=e.getElementById(i.canvas);else if(t.isCanvas(i.canvas))this.canvas=i.canvas;else if(this.canvas=e.getElementsByTagName("canvas")[0],!this.canvas){var n=new ReferenceError("No canvas element found.");return void t.logError(n,"You must provide a canvas element for the game.")}this.context=this.canvas.getContext("2d"),this.game={width:this.canvas.width,height:this.canvas.height}},t.logError=function(t,e){console.error("Kontra: "+e+"\n	"+t.stack)},t.noop=function(){},t.isArray=Array.isArray,t.isString=function(t){return"string"==typeof t},t.isNumber=function(t){return"number"==typeof t},t.isImage=function(t){return t instanceof HTMLImageElement},t.isCanvas=function(t){return t instanceof HTMLCanvasElement},t}(kontra||{},document),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.timestamp=function(){return e.performance&&e.performance.now?function(){return e.performance.now()}:function(){return(new Date).getTime()}}(),t.gameLoop=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.gameLoop.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.gameLoop.prototype={init:function(e){if(e=e||{},"function"!=typeof e.update||"function"!=typeof e.render){var i=new ReferenceError("Required functions not found");return void t.logError(i,"You must provide update() and render() functions to create a game loop.")}this.isStopped=!1,this._accumulator=0,this._delta=1e3/(e.fps||60),this._step=1/(e.fps||60),this.update=e.update,this.render=e.render},start:function(){this._last=t.timestamp(),this.isStopped=!1,requestAnimationFrame(this._frame.bind(this))},stop:function(){this.isStopped=!0,cancelAnimationFrame(this._rAF)},_frame:function(){var e=this;if(e._rAF=requestAnimationFrame(e._frame.bind(e)),e._now=t.timestamp(),e._dt=e._now-e._last,e._last=e._now,!(e._dt>1e3)){for(e._accumulator+=e._dt;e._accumulator>=e._delta;)e.update(e._step),e._accumulator-=e._delta;e.render()}}},t}(kontra||{},window),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";function i(t){return"number"==typeof t.which?t.which:t.keyCode}function n(t){var e=[];t=t.trim().replace("++","+plus");for(var i,n=0;i=m[n];n++)-1!==t.indexOf(i)&&(e.push(i),t=t.replace(i,""));return t=t.replace(/\+/g,"").toLowerCase(),f[t]?e.push("shift+"+f[t]):t&&e.push(t),e.join("+")}function r(t){for(var e,n=[],r=0;e=m[r];r++)t[e+"Key"]&&n.push(e);var s=u[i(t)];return-1===n.indexOf(s)&&n.push(s),n.join("+")}function s(t){for(var e,i=r(t),n=0,s=i.split("+");e=s[n];n++)c[e]=!0;h[i]&&(h[i](t,i),t.preventDefault())}function a(t){var e=u[i(t)];c[e]=!1,l[e]&&(c[l[e]]=!1)}function o(t){c={}}for(var h={},c={},u={8:"backspace",9:"tab",13:"enter",16:"shift",17:"ctrl",18:"alt",20:"capslock",27:"esc",32:"space",33:"pageup",34:"pagedown",35:"end",36:"home",37:"left",38:"up",39:"right",40:"down",45:"insert",46:"delete",91:"leftwindow",92:"rightwindow",93:"select",144:"numlock",145:"scrolllock",106:"*",107:"+",109:"-",110:".",111:"/",186:";",187:"=",188:",",189:"-",190:".",191:"/",192:"`",219:"[",220:"\\",221:"]",222:"'"},d=0;26>d;d++)u[65+d]=String.fromCharCode(65+d).toLowerCase();for(d=0;10>d;d++)u[48+d]=""+d;for(d=1;20>d;d++)u[111+d]="f"+d;for(d=0;10>d;d++)u[96+d]="numpad"+d;var f={"~":"`","!":"1","@":"2","#":"3",$:"4","%":"5","^":"6","&":"7","*":"8","(":"9",")":"0",_:"-","+":"=",":":";",'"':"'","<":",",">":".","?":"/","|":"\\",plus:"="},l={leftwindow:"meta",select:"meta"},m=["meta","ctrl","alt","shift"];return e.addEventListener("keydown",s),e.addEventListener("keyup",a),e.addEventListener("blur",o),t.keys={},t.keys.bind=function(e,i){if("function"!=typeof i){var r=new SyntaxError("Invalid function.");return void t.logError(r,"You must provide a function as the second parameter.")}e=t.isArray(e)?e:[e];for(var s,a=0;s=e[a];a++){var o=n(s);h[o]=i}},t.keys.unbind=function(e){e=t.isArray(e)?e:[e];for(var i,r=0;i=e[r];r++){var s=n(i);h[s]=void 0}},t.keys.pressed=function(t){var e=n(t),i=!0;t=e.split("+");for(var r,s=0;r=t[s];s++)i=i&&!!c[r];return i},t}(kontra||{},window),kontra=function(t){"use strict";return t.pool=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.pool.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.pool.prototype={init:function(e){e=e||{};var i,n;if("function"!=typeof e.create)return i=new SyntaxError("Required function not found."),void t.logError(i,"Parameter 'create' must be a function that returns an object.");if(this.create=e.create.bind(this,e.createProperties||{}),n=this.create(),!n||"function"!=typeof n.render||"function"!=typeof n.update||"function"!=typeof n.init||"function"!=typeof n.isAlive)return i=new SyntaxError("Create object required functions not found."),void t.logError(i,"Objects to be pooled must implement render(), update(), init() and isAlive() functions.");if(this.objects=[n],this.size=1,this.maxSize=e.maxSize||1/0,this.lastIndex=0,this.inUse=0,e.fill){if(!e.maxSize)return i=new SyntaxError("Required property not found."),void t.logError(i,"Parameter 'maxSize' must be set before you can fill a pool.");for(;this.objects.length<this.maxSize;)this.objects.unshift(this.create());this.size=this.maxSize,this.lastIndex=this.maxSize-1}},get:function(t){t=t||{};var e=this;if(e.objects[0].isAlive()){if(e.size===e.maxSize)return;for(var i=0;i<e.size&&e.objects.length<e.maxSize;i++)e.objects.unshift(e.create());e.size=e.objects.length,e.lastIndex=e.size-1}var n=e.objects[0];n.init(t);for(var r=1;r<e.size;r++)e.objects[r-1]=e.objects[r];e.objects[e.lastIndex]=n,e.inUse++},getAliveObjects:function(){return this.objects.slice(this.objects.length-this.inUse)},clear:function(){this.inUse=0,this.size=1,this.lastIndex=0,this.objects.length=0,this.objects.push(this.create())},update:function(t){for(var e,i=this.lastIndex,n=Math.max(this.objects.length-this.inUse,0);i>=n;)if(e=this.objects[i],e.update(t),e.isAlive())i--;else{for(var r=i;r>0;r--)this.objects[r]=this.objects[r-1];this.objects[0]=e,this.inUse--,n++}},render:function(){for(var t=Math.max(this.objects.length-this.inUse,0),e=this.lastIndex;e>=t;e--)this.objects[e].render()}},t}(kontra||{}),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.quadtree=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.quadtree.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.quadtree.prototype={init:function(e){e=e||{},this.depth=e.depth||0,this.maxDepth=e.maxDepth||3,this.maxObjects=e.maxObjects||25,this.isBranchNode=!1,this.parentNode=e.parentNode,this.bounds=e.bounds||{x:0,y:0,width:t.game.width,height:t.game.height},this.objects=[],this.subnodes=[]},clear:function(){if(this.isBranchNode)for(var t=0;4>t;t++)this.subnodes[t].clear();this.isBranchNode=!1,this.objects.length=0},get:function(t){for(var e,i,n=this,r=[];n.subnodes.length&&this.isBranchNode;){e=this._getIndex(t);for(var s=0,a=e.length;a>s;s++)i=e[s],r.push.apply(r,this.subnodes[i].get(t));return r}return n.objects},add:function(){for(var e,i,n,r=this,s=0,a=arguments.length;a>s;s++)if(i=arguments[s],t.isArray(i))r.add.apply(this,i);else if(r.subnodes.length&&r.isBranchNode)r._addToSubnode(i);else if(r.objects.push(i),r.objects.length>r.maxObjects&&r.depth<r.maxDepth){for(r._split(),e=0;n=r.objects[e];e++)r._addToSubnode(n);r.objects.length=0}},_addToSubnode:function(t){for(var e=this._getIndex(t),i=0,n=e.length;n>i;i++)this.subnodes[e[i]].add(t)},_getIndex:function(t){var e=[],i=this.bounds.x+this.bounds.width/2,n=this.bounds.y+this.bounds.height/2,r=t.y<n&&t.y+t.height>=this.bounds.y,s=t.y+t.height>=n&&t.y<this.bounds.y+this.bounds.height;return t.x<i&&t.x+t.width>=this.bounds.x&&(r&&e.push(0),s&&e.push(2)),t.x+t.width>=i&&t.x<this.bounds.x+this.bounds.width&&(r&&e.push(1),s&&e.push(3)),e},_split:function(){if(this.isBranchNode=!0,!this.subnodes.length)for(var e=this.bounds.width/2|0,i=this.bounds.height/2|0,n=0;4>n;n++)this.subnodes[n]=t.quadtree({bounds:{x:this.bounds.x+(n%2===1?e:0),y:this.bounds.y+(n>=2?i:0),width:e,height:i},depth:this.depth+1,maxDepth:this.maxDepth,maxObjects:this.maxObjects,parentNode:this})},render:function(){if((this.objects.length||0===this.depth||this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.isBranchNode)&&(t.context.strokeStyle="red",t.context.strokeRect(this.bounds.x,this.bounds.y,this.bounds.width,this.bounds.height),this.subnodes.length))for(var e=0;4>e;e++)this.subnodes[e].render()}},t}(kontra||{}),kontra=function(t,e,i){"use strict";var n=["x","y","dx","dy","ddx","ddy","timeToLive","context","image","animations","color","width","height"];return t.vector=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.vector.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.vector.prototype={init:function(t){return t=t||{},this.x=t.x||0,this.y=t.y||0,this},add:function(t,e){this.x+=(t.x||0)*(e||1),this.y+=(t.y||0)*(e||1)},clamp:function(t,n,r,s){this._xMin=t!==i?t:-(1/0),this._xMax=r!==i?r:1/0,this._yMin=n!==i?n:-(1/0),this._yMax=s!==i?s:1/0,this._x=this.x,this._y=this.y,Object.defineProperties(this,{x:{get:function(){return this._x},set:function(t){this._x=e.min(e.max(t,this._xMin),this._xMax)}},y:{get:function(){return this._y},set:function(t){this._y=e.min(e.max(t,this._yMin),this._yMax)}}})}},t.sprite=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.sprite.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.sprite.prototype={init:function(e){e=e||{};var i=this;i.position=(i.position||t.vector()).init({x:e.x,y:e.y}),i.velocity=(i.velocity||t.vector()).init({x:e.dx,y:e.dy}),i.acceleration=(i.acceleration||t.vector()).init({x:e.ddx,y:e.ddy}),i.timeToLive=e.timeToLive||0,i.context=e.context||t.context,t.isImage(e.image)||t.isCanvas(e.image)?(i.image=e.image,i.width=e.image.width,i.height=e.image.height,i.advance=i._advanceSprite,i.draw=i._drawImage):e.animations?(i.animations=e.animations,i.currentAnimation=e.animations[Object.keys(e.animations)[0]],i.width=i.currentAnimation.width,i.height=i.currentAnimation.height,i.advance=i._advanceAnimation,i.draw=i._drawAnimation):(i.color=e.color,i.width=e.width,i.height=e.height,i.advance=i._advanceSprite,i.draw=i._drawRect);for(var r in e)e.hasOwnProperty(r)&&-1===n.indexOf(r)&&(i[r]=e[r])},get x(){return this.position.x},get y(){return this.position.y},get dx(){return this.velocity.x},get dy(){return this.velocity.y},get ddx(){return this.acceleration.x},get ddy(){return this.acceleration.y},set x(t){this.position.x=t},set y(t){this.position.y=t},set dx(t){this.velocity.x=t},set dy(t){this.velocity.y=t},set ddx(t){this.acceleration.x=t},set ddy(t){this.acceleration.y=t},isAlive:function(){return this.timeToLive>0},collidesWith:function(t){return this.x<t.x+t.width&&this.x+this.width>t.x&&this.y<t.y+t.height&&this.y+this.height>t.y?!0:!1},update:function(t){this.advance(t)},render:function(){this.draw()},playAnimation:function(t){this.currentAnimation=this.animations[t]},_advanceSprite:function(t){this.velocity.add(this.acceleration,t),this.position.add(this.velocity,t),this.timeToLive--},_advanceAnimation:function(t){this._advanceSprite(t),this.currentAnimation.update(t)},_drawRect:function(){this.context.fillStyle=this.color,this.context.fillRect(this.x,this.y,this.width,this.height)},_drawImage:function(){this.context.drawImage(this.image,this.x,this.y)},_drawAnimation:function(){this.currentAnimation.render({context:this.context,x:this.x,y:this.y})}},t}(kontra||{},Math),kontra=function(t,e){"use strict";return t.animation=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.animation.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.animation.prototype={init:function(t){t=t||{},this.spriteSheet=t.spriteSheet,this.frames=t.frames,this.frameRate=t.frameRate,this.width=t.spriteSheet.frame.width,this.height=t.spriteSheet.frame.height,this.currentFrame=0,this._accumulator=0,this.update=this._advance,this.render=this._draw},play:function(){this.update=this._advance,this.render=this._draw},stop:function(){this.update=t.noop,this.render=t.noop},pause:function(){this.update=t.noop},_advance:function(t){for(t=t||1/60,this._accumulator+=t;this._accumulator*this.frameRate>=1;)this.currentFrame=++this.currentFrame%this.frames.length,this._accumulator-=1/this.frameRate},_draw:function(e){e=e||{};var i=e.context||t.context,n=this.frames[this.currentFrame]/this.spriteSheet.framesPerRow|0,r=this.frames[this.currentFrame]%this.spriteSheet.framesPerRow|0;i.drawImage(this.spriteSheet.image,r*this.spriteSheet.frame.width,n*this.spriteSheet.frame.height,this.spriteSheet.frame.width,this.spriteSheet.frame.height,e.x,e.y,this.spriteSheet.frame.width,this.spriteSheet.frame.height)}},t.spriteSheet=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.spriteSheet.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.spriteSheet.prototype={init:function(e){if(e=e||{},this.animations={},!t.isImage(e.image)&&!t.isCanvas(e.image)){var i=new SyntaxError("Invalid image.");return void t.logError(i,"You must provide an Image for the SpriteSheet.")}this.image=e.image,this.frame={width:e.frameWidth,height:e.frameHeight},this.framesPerRow=e.image.width/e.frameWidth|0,e.animations&&this.createAnimations(e.animations)},createAnimations:function(i){var n;if(!i||0===Object.keys(i).length)return n=new ReferenceError("No animations found."),void t.logError(n,"You must provide at least one named animation to create an Animation.");var r,s,a,o;for(var h in i)if(i.hasOwnProperty(h)){if(r=i[h],s=r.frames,a=r.frameRate,o=[],s===e)return n=new ReferenceError("No animation frames found."),void t.logError(n,"Animation "+h+" must provide a frames property.");if(t.isNumber(s))o.push(s);else if(t.isString(s))o=this._parseFrames(s);else{if(!t.isArray(s))return n=new SyntaxError("Improper frames value"),void t.logError(n,"The frames property must be a number, string, or array.");for(var c,u=0;c=s[u];u++)t.isString(c)?o.push.apply(o,this._parseFrames(c)):o.push(c)}this.animations[h]=t.animation({spriteSheet:this,frames:o,frameRate:a})}},_parseFrames:function(t){var e,i=[],n=t.split("..").map(Number),r=n[0]<n[1]?1:-1;if(1===r)for(e=n[0];e<=n[1];e++)i.push(e);else for(e=n[0];e>=n[1];e--)i.push(e);return i}},t}(kontra||{}),kontra=function(t,e,i,n){"use strict";return t.canUse=t.canUse||{},t.canUse.localStorage="localStorage"in e&&null!==e.localStorage,t.canUse.localStorage?(t.store={},t.store.set=function(t,e){e===n?this.remove(t):i.setItem(t,JSON.stringify(e))},t.store.get=function(t){var e=i.getItem(t);try{e=JSON.parse(e)}catch(n){}return e},t.store.remove=function(t){i.removeItem(t)},t.store.clear=function(){i.clear()},t):t}(kontra||{},window,window.localStorage),kontra=function(t,e,i){"use strict";return t.tileEngine=function(e){var i=Object.create(t.tileEngine.prototype);return i.init(e),i},t.tileEngine.prototype={init:function(e){e=e||{};var i=this;if(!e.width||!e.height){var n=new ReferenceError("Required parameters not found");return void t.logError(n,"You must provide width and height of the map to create a tile engine.")}i.width=e.width,i.height=e.height,i.tileWidth=e.tileWidth||32,i.tileHeight=e.tileHeight||32,i.context=e.context||t.context,i.canvasWidth=i.context.canvas.width,i.canvasHeight=i.context.canvas.height,i._offscreenCanvas=document.createElement("canvas"),i._offscreenContext=i._offscreenCanvas.getContext("2d"),i._offscreenCanvas.width=i.mapWidth=i.width*i.tileWidth,i._offscreenCanvas.height=i.mapHeight=i.height*i.tileHeight,i.sxMax=i.mapWidth-i.canvasWidth,i.syMax=i.mapHeight-i.canvasHeight,i.layers={},i._layerOrder=[],i.tilesets=[],i.x=e.x||0,i.y=e.y||0,i.sx=e.sx||0,i.sy=e.sy||0},addTileset:function(e){if(e=e||{},!t.isImage(e.image)&&!t.isCanvas(e.image)){var i=new SyntaxError("Invalid image.");return void t.logError(i,"You must provide an Image for the tile engine.")}var n=e.image,r=e.firstGrid,s=(n.width/this.tileWidth|0)*(n.height/this.tileHeight|0);if(!r)if(this.tilesets.length>0){var a=this.tilesets[this.tilesets.length-1],o=(a.image.width/this.tileWidth|0)*(a.image.height/this.tileHeight|0);r=a.firstGrid+o}else r=1;this.tilesets.push({firstGrid:r,lastGrid:r+s-1,image:n}),this.tilesets.sort(function(t,e){return t.firstGrid-e.firstGrid})},addLayer:function(e){e=e||{},e.render=e.render===i?!0:e.render;var n,r=this;if(t.isArray(e.data[0])){n=[];for(var s,a=0;s=e.data[a];a++)for(var o=0,h=s.length;h>o;o++)n.push(s[o])}else n=e.data;this.layers[e.name]=n,this.layers[e.name].zIndex=e.zIndex||0,this.layers[e.name].render=e.render,e.render&&(this._layerOrder.push(e.name),this._layerOrder.sort(function(t,e){return r.layers[t].zIndex-r.layers[e].zIndex}),this._preRenderImage())},layerCollidesWith:function(t,e){for(var i,n=this._getRow(e.y),r=this._getCol(e.x),s=this._getRow(e.y+e.height),a=this._getCol(e.x+e.width),o=n;s>=o;o++)for(var h=r;a>=h;h++)if(i=h+o*this.width,this.layers[t][i])return!0;return!1},tileAtLayer:function(t,e,i){var n=this._getRow(i),r=this._getCol(e),s=r+n*this.width;return this.layers[t][s]},render:function(){var t=this;t.sx=e.min(e.max(t.sx,0),t.sxMax),t.sy=e.min(e.max(t.sy,0),t.syMax),t.context.drawImage(t._offscreenCanvas,t.sx,t.sy,t.canvasWidth,t.canvasHeight,t.x,t.y,t.canvasWidth,t.canvasHeight)},renderLayer:function(t){for(var i,n,r,s,a,o,h,c,u,d=this,f=d.layers[t],l=d._getRow(),m=d._getCol(),p=m+l*d.width,g=m*d.tileWidth-d.sx,v=l*d.tileHeight-d.sy,y=e.ceil(d.canvasWidth/d.tileWidth)+1,x=e.ceil(d.canvasHeight/d.tileHeight)+1,b=y*x,w=0;b>w;)r=f[p],r&&(s=d._getTileset(r),a=s.image,i=g+w%y*d.tileWidth,n=v+(w/y|0)*d.tileHeight,o=r-s.firstGrid,h=a.width/d.tileWidth,c=o%h*d.tileWidth,u=(o/h|0)*d.tileHeight,d.context.drawImage(a,c,u,d.tileWidth,d.tileHeight,i,n,d.tileWidth,d.tileHeight)),++w%y===0?p=m+ ++l*d.width:p++},_getRow:function(t){return t=t||0,(this.sy+t)/this.tileHeight|0},_getCol:function(t){return t=t||0,(this.sx+t)/this.tileWidth|0},_getTileset:function(t){for(var e,i,n=0,r=this.tilesets.length-1;r>=n;){if(e=(n+r)/2|0,i=this.tilesets[e],t>=i.firstGrid&&t<=i.lastGrid)return i;t>i?n=e+1:r=e-1}},_preRenderImage:function(){for(var t,e,i,n,r,s,a,o,h,c,u=this,d=0;c=u.layers[u._layerOrder[d]];d++)for(var f=0,l=c.length;l>f;f++)t=c[f],t&&(e=u._getTileset(t),i=e.image,n=f%u.width*u.tileWidth,r=(f/u.width|0)*u.tileHeight,o=t-e.firstGrid,h=i.width/u.tileWidth,s=o%h*u.tileWidth,a=(o/h|0)*u.tileHeight,u._offscreenContext.drawImage(i,s,a,u.tileWidth,u.tileHeight,n,r,u.tileWidth,u.tileHeight))}},t}(kontra||{},Math);
 //# sourceMappingURL=kontra.min.js.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kontra.min.js.map b/kontra.min.js.map
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d60e9ed..00000000
--- a/kontra.min.js.map
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
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* The MIT License\n *\n * Copyright (c) 2010-2012 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org\n *\n * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy\n * of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal\n * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights\n * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell\n * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is\n * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n *\n * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in\n * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.\n *\n * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR\n * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,\n * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE\n * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER\n * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,\n * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN\n * THE SOFTWARE.\n */\nwindow.q = qFactory(function(callback) {\n  setTimeout(function() {\n    callback();\n  }, 0);\n}, function(e) {\n  console.error('qLite: ' + e.stack);\n});\n\n/**\n * Constructs a promise manager.\n *\n * @param {function(Function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.\n * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for\n *     debugging purposes.\n * @returns {object} Promise manager.\n */\nfunction qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {\n  var toString = ({}).toString;\n  var isFunction = function isFunction(value){return typeof value == 'function';};\n  var isArray = function isArray(value) {return toString.call(value) === '[object Array]';};\n\n  function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {\n    var key;\n    if (obj) {\n      if (isFunction(obj)) {\n        for (key in obj) {\n          // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,\n          // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function\n          if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {\n            iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);\n          }\n        }\n      } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {\n        obj.forEach(iterator, context);\n      } else if (isArray(obj)) {\n        for (key = 0; key < obj.length; key++)\n          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);\n      } else {\n        for (key in obj) {\n          if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n            iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    return obj;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * @ngdoc method\n   * @name $q#defer\n   * @function\n   *\n   * @description\n   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.\n   *\n   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.\n   */\n  var defer = function() {\n    var pending = [],\n        value, deferred;\n\n    deferred = {\n\n      resolve: function(val) {\n        if (pending) {\n          var callbacks = pending;\n          pending = undefined;\n          value = ref(val);\n\n          if (callbacks.length) {\n            nextTick(function() {\n              var callback;\n              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {\n                callback = callbacks[i];\n                value.then(callback[0], callback[1], callback[2]);\n              }\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      },\n\n\n      reject: function(reason) {\n        deferred.resolve(createInternalRejectedPromise(reason));\n      },\n\n\n      notify: function(progress) {\n        if (pending) {\n          var callbacks = pending;\n\n          if (pending.length) {\n            nextTick(function() {\n              var callback;\n              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {\n                callback = callbacks[i];\n                callback[2](progress);\n              }\n            });\n          }\n        }\n      },\n\n\n      promise: {\n        then: function(callback, errback, progressback) {\n          var result = defer();\n\n          var wrappedCallback = function(value) {\n            try {\n              result.resolve((isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value));\n            } catch(e) {\n              result.reject(e);\n              exceptionHandler(e);\n            }\n          };\n\n          var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {\n            try {\n              result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));\n            } catch(e) {\n              result.reject(e);\n              exceptionHandler(e);\n            }\n          };\n\n          var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {\n            try {\n              result.notify((isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress));\n            } catch(e) {\n              exceptionHandler(e);\n            }\n          };\n\n          if (pending) {\n            pending.push([wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback]);\n          } else {\n            value.then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback);\n          }\n\n          return result.promise;\n        },\n\n        \"catch\": function(callback) {\n          return this.then(null, callback);\n        },\n\n        \"finally\": function(callback) {\n\n          function makePromise(value, resolved) {\n            var result = defer();\n            if (resolved) {\n              result.resolve(value);\n            } else {\n              result.reject(value);\n            }\n            return result.promise;\n          }\n\n          function handleCallback(value, isResolved) {\n            var callbackOutput = null;\n            try {\n              callbackOutput = (callback ||defaultCallback)();\n            } catch(e) {\n              return makePromise(e, false);\n            }\n            if (callbackOutput && isFunction(callbackOutput.then)) {\n              return callbackOutput.then(function() {\n                return makePromise(value, isResolved);\n              }, function(error) {\n                return makePromise(error, false);\n              });\n            } else {\n              return makePromise(value, isResolved);\n            }\n          }\n\n          return this.then(function(value) {\n            return handleCallback(value, true);\n          }, function(error) {\n            return handleCallback(error, false);\n          });\n        }\n      }\n    };\n\n    return deferred;\n  };\n\n\n  var ref = function(value) {\n    if (value && isFunction(value.then)) return value;\n    return {\n      then: function(callback) {\n        var result = defer();\n        nextTick(function() {\n          result.resolve(callback(value));\n        });\n        return result.promise;\n      }\n    };\n  };\n\n\n  /**\n   * @ngdoc method\n   * @name $q#reject\n   * @function\n   *\n   * @description\n   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be\n   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in\n   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.\n   *\n   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of\n   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you \"catch\" an error via\n   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the\n   * current promise, you have to \"rethrow\" the error by returning a rejection constructed via\n   * `reject`.\n   *\n   * ```js\n   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {\n   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB\n   *     //          with the old or a new result\n   *     return result;\n   *   }, function(reason) {\n   *     // error: handle the error if possible and\n   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,\n   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB\n   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {\n   *      // handle the error and recover\n   *      return newPromiseOrValue;\n   *     }\n   *     return $q.reject(reason);\n   *   });\n   * ```\n   *\n   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.\n   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.\n   */\n  var reject = function(reason) {\n    var result = defer();\n    result.reject(reason);\n    return result.promise;\n  };\n\n  var createInternalRejectedPromise = function(reason) {\n    return {\n      then: function(callback, errback) {\n        var result = defer();\n        nextTick(function() {\n          try {\n            result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));\n          } catch(e) {\n            result.reject(e);\n            exceptionHandler(e);\n          }\n        });\n        return result.promise;\n      }\n    };\n  };\n\n\n  /**\n   * @ngdoc method\n   * @name $q#when\n   * @function\n   *\n   * @description\n   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.\n   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if\n   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.\n   *\n   * @param {*} value Value or a promise\n   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise\n   */\n  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressback) {\n    var result = defer(),\n        done;\n\n    var wrappedCallback = function(value) {\n      try {\n        return (isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value);\n      } catch (e) {\n        exceptionHandler(e);\n        return reject(e);\n      }\n    };\n\n    var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {\n      try {\n        return (isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason);\n      } catch (e) {\n        exceptionHandler(e);\n        return reject(e);\n      }\n    };\n\n    var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {\n      try {\n        return (isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress);\n      } catch (e) {\n        exceptionHandler(e);\n      }\n    };\n\n    nextTick(function() {\n      ref(value).then(function(value) {\n        if (done) return;\n        done = true;\n        result.resolve(ref(value).then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback));\n      }, function(reason) {\n        if (done) return;\n        done = true;\n        result.resolve(wrappedErrback(reason));\n      }, function(progress) {\n        if (done) return;\n        result.notify(wrappedProgressback(progress));\n      });\n    });\n\n    return result.promise;\n  };\n\n\n  function defaultCallback(value) {\n    return value;\n  }\n\n\n  function defaultErrback(reason) {\n    return reject(reason);\n  }\n\n\n  /**\n   * @ngdoc method\n   * @name $q#all\n   * @function\n   *\n   * @description\n   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input\n   * promises are resolved.\n   *\n   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.\n   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,\n   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.\n   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected\n   *   with the same rejection value.\n   */\n  function all(promises) {\n    var deferred = defer(),\n        counter = 0,\n        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};\n\n    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {\n      counter++;\n      ref(promise).then(function(value) {\n        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;\n        results[key] = value;\n        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);\n      }, function(reason) {\n        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;\n        deferred.reject(reason);\n      }, function(reason) {\n        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;\n        deferred.notify(reason);\n      });\n    });\n\n    if (counter === 0) {\n      deferred.resolve(results);\n    }\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    defer: defer,\n    reject: reject,\n    when: when,\n    all: all\n  };\n}\nvar kontra = (function(kontra) {\n  var isImage = /(jpeg|jpg|gif|png)$/;\n  var isAudio = /(wav|mp3|ogg|aac|m4a)$/;\n  var folderSeparator = /(\\\\|\\/)/g;\n\n  // all assets are stored by name as well as by URL\n  kontra.images = {};\n  kontra.audios = {};\n  kontra.data = {};\n\n  // base asset path for determining asset URLs\n  kontra.assetPaths = {\n    images: '',\n    audios: '',\n    data: '',\n  };\n\n  // audio playability\n  // @see https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/blob/master/feature-detects/audio.js\n  var audio = new Audio();\n  kontra.canUse = kontra.canUse || {};\n  kontra.canUse.wav = '';\n  kontra.canUse.mp3 = audio.canPlayType('audio/mpeg;').replace(/^no$/,'');\n  kontra.canUse.ogg = audio.canPlayType('audio/ogg; codecs=\"vorbis\"').replace(/^no$/,'');\n  kontra.canUse.aac = audio.canPlayType('audio/aac;').replace(/^no$/,'');\n  kontra.canUse.m4a = (audio.canPlayType('audio/x-m4a;') || kontra.canUse.aac).replace(/^no$/,'');\n\n  /**\n   * Get the extension of an asset.\n   * @see http://jsperf.com/extract-file-extension\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} url - The URL to the asset.\n   *\n   * @returns {string}\n   */\n  kontra.getAssetExtension = function getAssetExtension(url) {\n    return url.substr((~-url.lastIndexOf(\".\") >>> 0) + 2);\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Get the type of asset based on its extension.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} url - The URL to the asset.\n   *\n   * @returns {string} Image, Audio, Data.\n   */\n  kontra.getAssetType = function getAssetType(url) {\n    var extension = this.getAssetExtension(url);\n\n    if (extension.match(isImage)) {\n      return 'Image';\n    }\n    else if (extension.match(isAudio)) {\n      return 'Audio';\n    }\n    else {\n      return 'Data';\n    }\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Get the name of an asset.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} url - The URL to the asset.\n   *\n   * @returns {string}\n   */\n  kontra.getAssetName = function getAssetName(url) {\n    return url.replace(/\\.[^/.]+$/, \"\");\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {});\n/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, q) {\n  /**\n   * Load an Image, Audio, or data file.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string|string[]} - Comma separated list of assets to load.\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} A deferred promise.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * kontra.loadAsset('car.png');\n   * kontra.loadAsset(['explosion.mp3', 'explosion.ogg']);\n   * kontra.loadAsset('bio.json');\n   * kontra.loadAsset('car.png', ['explosion.mp3', 'explosion.ogg'], 'bio.json');\n   */\n  kontra.loadAssets = function loadAsset() {\n    var deferred = q.defer();\n    var promises = [];\n    var numLoaded = 0;\n    var numAssets = arguments.length;\n    var type, name, url;\n\n    if (!arguments.length) {\n      deferred.resolve();\n    }\n\n    for (var i = 0, asset; asset = arguments[i]; i++) {\n      if (!Array.isArray(asset)) {\n        url = asset;\n      }\n      else {\n        url = asset[0];\n      }\n\n      type = this.getAssetType(url);\n\n      // create a closure for event binding\n      (function(assetDeferred) {\n        promises.push(assetDeferred.promise);\n\n        kontra['load' + type](url).then(\n          function loadAssetSuccess() {\n            assetDeferred.resolve();\n            deferred.notify({'loaded': ++numLoaded, 'total': numAssets});\n          },\n          function loadAssetError(error) {\n            assetDeferred.reject(error);\n        });\n      })(q.defer());\n    }\n\n    q.all(promises).then(\n      function loadAssetsSuccess() {\n        deferred.resolve();\n      },\n      function loadAssetsError(error) {\n        deferred.reject(error);\n    });\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Load an Image file. Uses assetPaths.images to resolve URL.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} url - The URL to the Image file.\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} A deferred promise. Promise resolves with the Image.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * kontra.loadImage('car.png');\n   * kontra.loadImage('autobots/truck.png');\n   */\n  kontra.loadImage = function(url) {\n    var deferred = q.defer();\n    var name = this.getAssetName(url);\n    var image = new Image();\n\n    url = this.assetPaths.images + url;\n\n    image.onload = function loadImageOnLoad() {\n      kontra.images[name] = kontra.images[url] = this;\n      deferred.resolve(this);\n    };\n\n    image.onerror = function loadImageOnError() {\n      deferred.reject('Unable to load image ' + url);\n    };\n\n    image.src = url;\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Load an Audio file. Supports loading multiple audio formats which will be resolved by\n   * the browser in the order listed. Uses assetPaths.audios to resolve URL.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string|string[]} url - The URL to the Audio file.\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} A deferred promise. Promise resolves with the Audio.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * kontra.loadAudio('sound_effects/laser.mp3');\n   * kontra.loadAudio(['explosion.mp3', 'explosion.m4a', 'explosion.ogg']);\n   *\n   * There are two ways to load Audio in the web: HTML5 Audio or the Web Audio API.\n   * HTML5 Audio has amazing browser support, including back to IE9\n   * (http://caniuse.com/#feat=audio). However, the web Audio API isn't supported in\n   * IE nor Android Browsers (http://caniuse.com/#search=Web%20Audio%20API).\n   *\n   * To support the most browsers we'll use HTML5 Audio. However, doing so means we'll\n   * have to work around mobile device limitations as well as Audio implementation\n   * limitations.\n   *\n   * Android browsers require playing Audio through user interaction whereas iOS 6+ can\n   * play through normal JavaScript. Moreover, Android can only play one sound source at\n   * a time whereas iOS 6+ can handle more than one. See this article for more details\n   * (http://pupunzi.open-lab.com/2013/03/13/making-html5-audio-actually-work-on-mobile/)\n   *\n   * Both iOS and Android will download an Audio through JavaScript, but neither will play\n   * it until user interaction. You can get around this issue by having a splash screen\n   * that requires user interaction to start the game and using that event to play the audio.\n   * (http://jsfiddle.net/straker/5dsm6jgt/)\n   */\n  kontra.loadAudio = function(url) {\n    var deferred = q.defer();\n    var source, name, playableSource, audio;\n\n    if (!Array.isArray(url)) {\n      url = [url];\n    }\n\n    // determine which audio format the browser can play\n    for (var i = 0; source = url[i]; i++) {\n      if ( this.canUse[this.getAssetExtension(source)] ) {\n        playableSource = source;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    if (!playableSource) {\n      deferred.reject('Browser cannot play any of the audio formats provided');\n    }\n    else {\n      name = this.getAssetName(playableSource);\n      audio = new Audio();\n\n      source = this.assetPaths.audios + playableSource;\n\n      audio.addEventListener('canplay', function loadAudioOnLoad() {\n        kontra.audios[name] = kontra.audios[source] = this;\n        deferred.resolve(this);\n      });\n\n      audio.onerror = function loadAudioOnError() {\n        deferred.reject('Unable to load audio ' + source);\n      };\n\n      audio.src = source;\n      audio.preload = 'auto';\n      audio.load();\n    }\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  };\n\n\n  /**\n   * Load a data file (be it text or JSON). Uses assetPaths.data to resolve URL.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} url - The URL to the data file.\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} A deferred promise. Resolves with the data or parsed JSON.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * kontra.loadData('bio.json');\n   * kontra.loadData('dialog.txt');\n   */\n  kontra.loadData = function(url) {\n    var deferred = q.defer();\n    var req = new XMLHttpRequest();\n    var name = this.getAssetName(url);\n    var dataUrl = this.assetPaths.data + url;\n\n    req.addEventListener('load', function loadDataOnLoad() {\n      if (req.status !== 200) {\n        deferred.reject(req.responseText);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      try {\n        var json = JSON.parse(req.responseText);\n        kontra.data[name] = kontra.data[dataUrl] = json;\n\n        deferred.resolve(json);\n      }\n      catch(e) {\n        var data = req.responseText;\n        kontra.data[name] = kontra.data[dataUrl] = data;\n\n        deferred.resolve(data);\n      }\n    });\n\n    req.open('GET', dataUrl, true);\n    req.send();\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, q);\n/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, q) {\n  kontra.bundles = {};\n\n  /**\n   * Create a group of assets that can be loaded using <code>kontra.loadBundle()</code>.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} bundle - The name of the bundle.\n   * @param {string[]} assets - Assets to add to the bundle.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * kontra.createBundle('myBundle', ['car.png', ['explosion.mp3', 'explosion.ogg']]);\n   */\n  kontra.createBundle = function createBundle(bundle, assets) {\n    if (this.bundles[bundle]) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    this.bundles[bundle] = assets || [];\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Load all assets that are part of a bundle.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string|string[]} - Comma separated list of bundles to load.\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} A deferred promise.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * kontra.loadBundles('myBundle');\n   * kontra.loadBundles('myBundle', 'myOtherBundle');\n   */\n  kontra.loadBundles = function loadBundles() {\n    var deferred = q.defer();\n    var promises = [];\n    var numLoaded = 0;\n    var numAssets = 0;\n    var assets;\n\n    for (var i = 0, bundle; bundle = arguments[i]; i++) {\n      if (!(assets = this.bundles[bundle])) {\n        deferred.reject('Bundle \\'' + bundle + '\\' has not been created.');\n        continue;\n      }\n\n      numAssets += assets.length;\n\n      promises.push(this.loadAssets.apply(this, assets));\n    }\n\n    q.all(promises).then(\n      function loadBundlesSuccess() {\n        deferred.resolve();\n      },\n      function loadBundlesError(error) {\n        deferred.reject(error);\n      },\n      function loadBundlesNofity() {\n        deferred.notify({'loaded': ++numLoaded, 'total': numAssets});\n    });\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, q);\n/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, q) {\n  /**\n   * Load an asset manifest file.\n   * @memberOf kontra\n   *\n   * @param {string} url - The URL to the asset manifest file.\n   *\n   * @returns {Promise} A deferred promise.\n   */\n  kontra.loadManifest = function loadManifest(url) {\n    var deferred = q.defer();\n    var bundles;\n\n    kontra.loadData(url).then(\n      function loadManifestSuccess(manifest) {\n        kontra.assetPaths.images = manifest.imagePath || '';\n        kontra.assetPaths.audios = manifest.audioPath || '';\n        kontra.assetPaths.data = manifest.dataPath || '';\n\n        // create bundles and add assets\n        for (var i = 0, bundle; bundle = manifest.bundles[i]; i++) {\n          kontra.createBundle(bundle.name, bundle.assets);\n        }\n\n        if (!manifest.loadBundles) {\n          deferred.resolve();\n          return;\n        }\n\n        // load all bundles\n        if (manifest.loadBundles === 'all') {\n          bundles = Object.keys(kontra.bundles || {});\n        }\n        // load a single bundle\n        else if (!Array.isArray(manifest.loadBundles)) {\n          bundles = [manifest.loadBundles];\n        }\n        // load multiple bundles\n        else {\n          bundles = manifest.loadBundles;\n        }\n\n        kontra.loadBundles.apply(kontra, bundles).then(\n          function loadBundlesSuccess() {\n            deferred.resolve();\n          },\n          function loadBundlesError(error) {\n            deferred.reject(error);\n          },\n          function loadBundlesNotify(progress) {\n            deferred.notify(progress);\n        });\n      },\n      function loadManifestError(error) {\n        deferred.reject(error);\n    });\n\n    return deferred.promise;\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, q);","/* global console */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, document) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * Initialize the canvas.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {object} properties - Properties for the game.\n   * @param {string|Canvas} properties.canvas - Main canvas ID or Element for the game.\n   */\n  kontra.init = function init(properties) {\n    properties = properties || {};\n\n    if (kontra.isString(properties.canvas)) {\n      this.canvas = document.getElementById(properties.canvas);\n    }\n    else if (kontra.isCanvas(properties.canvas)) {\n      this.canvas = properties.canvas;\n    }\n    else {\n      this.canvas = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0];\n\n      if (!this.canvas) {\n        var error = new ReferenceError('No canvas element found.');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide a canvas element for the game.');\n        return;\n      }\n    }\n\n    this.context = this.canvas.getContext('2d');\n    this.game = {\n      width: this.canvas.width,\n      height: this.canvas.height\n    };\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Throw an error message to the user with readable formating.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {Error}  error - Error object.\n   * @param {string} message - Error message.\n   */\n  kontra.logError = function logError(error, message) {\n    console.error('Kontra: ' + message + '\\n\\t' + error.stack);\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Noop function.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   */\n  kontra.noop = function noop() {};\n\n  /**\n   * Determine if a value is an Array.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {*} value - Value to test.\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean}\n   */\n  kontra.isArray = Array.isArray;\n\n  /**\n   * Determine if a value is a String.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {*} value - Value to test.\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean}\n   */\n  kontra.isString = function isString(value) {\n    return typeof value === 'string';\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Determine if a value is a Number.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {*} value - Value to test.\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean}\n   */\n  kontra.isNumber = function isNumber(value) {\n    return typeof value === 'number';\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Determine if a value is an Image.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {*} value - Value to test.\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean}\n   */\n  kontra.isImage = function isImage(value) {\n    return value instanceof HTMLImageElement;\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Determine if a value is a Canvas.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @param {*} value - Value to test.\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean}\n   */\n  kontra.isCanvas = function isCanvas(value) {\n    return value instanceof HTMLCanvasElement;\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, document);","var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * Get the current time. Uses the User Timing API if it's available or defaults to using\n   * Date().getTime()\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @returns {number}\n   */\n  kontra.timestamp = (function() {\n    if (window.performance && window.performance.now) {\n      return function timestampPerformance() {\n        return window.performance.now();\n      };\n    }\n    else {\n      return function timestampDate() {\n        return new Date().getTime();\n      };\n    }\n  })();\n\n  /**\n   * Game loop that updates and renders the game every frame.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.gameLoop.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.gameLoop = function(properties) {\n    var gameLoop = Object.create(kontra.gameLoop.prototype);\n    gameLoop.init(properties);\n\n    return gameLoop;\n  };\n\n  kontra.gameLoop.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the game loop.\n     * @memberof kontra.gameLoop\n     *\n     * @param {object}   properties - Configure the game loop.\n     * @param {number}   [properties.fps=60] - Desired frame rate.\n     * @param {function} properties.update - Function called to update the game.\n     * @param {function} properties.render - Function called to render the game.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      // check for required functions\n      if (typeof properties.update !== 'function' || typeof properties.render !== 'function') {\n        var error = new ReferenceError('Required functions not found');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide update() and render() functions to create a game loop.');\n        return;\n      }\n\n      this.isStopped = false;\n\n      // animation variables\n      this._accumulator = 0;\n      this._delta = 1E3 / (properties.fps || 60);\n\n      this.update = properties.update;\n      this.render = properties.render;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Start the game loop.\n     * @memberof kontra.gameLoop\n     */\n    start: function start() {\n      this._last = kontra.timestamp();\n      this.isStopped = false;\n      requestAnimationFrame(this._frame.bind(this));\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Stop the game loop.\n     */\n    stop: function stop() {\n      this.isStopped = true;\n      cancelAnimationFrame(this._rAF);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Called every frame of the game loop.\n     * @memberof kontra.gameLoop\n     * @private\n     */\n    _frame: function frame() {\n      var _this = this;\n\n      _this._rAF = requestAnimationFrame(_this._frame.bind(_this));\n\n      _this._now = kontra.timestamp();\n      _this._dt = _this._now - _this._last;\n      _this._last = _this._now;\n\n      // prevent updating the game with a very large dt if the game were to lose focus\n      // and then regain focus later\n      if (_this._dt > 1E3) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      _this._accumulator += _this._dt;\n\n      while (_this._accumulator >= _this._delta) {\n        _this.update(_this._delta / 1E3);\n\n        _this._accumulator -= _this._delta;\n      }\n\n      _this.render();\n    }\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, window);","/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, window) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  var callbacks = {};\n  var pressedKeys = {};\n\n  var keyMap = {\n    // named keys\n    8: 'backspace',\n    9: 'tab',\n    13: 'enter',\n    16: 'shift',\n    17: 'ctrl',\n    18: 'alt',\n    20: 'capslock',\n    27: 'esc',\n    32: 'space',\n    33: 'pageup',\n    34: 'pagedown',\n    35: 'end',\n    36: 'home',\n    37: 'left',\n    38: 'up',\n    39: 'right',\n    40: 'down',\n    45: 'insert',\n    46: 'delete',\n    91: 'leftwindow',\n    92: 'rightwindow',\n    93: 'select',\n    144: 'numlock',\n    145: 'scrolllock',\n\n    // special characters\n    106: '*',\n    107: '+',\n    109: '-',\n    110: '.',\n    111: '/',\n    186: ';',\n    187: '=',\n    188: ',',\n    189: '-',\n    190: '.',\n    191: '/',\n    192: '`',\n    219: '[',\n    220: '\\\\',\n    221: ']',\n    222: '\\''\n  };\n\n  // alpha keys\n  for (var i = 0; i < 26; i++) {\n    keyMap[65+i] = String.fromCharCode(65+i).toLowerCase();\n  }\n  // numeric keys\n  for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n    keyMap[48+i] = ''+i;\n  }\n  // f keys\n  for (i = 1; i < 20; i++) {\n    keyMap[111+i] = 'f'+i;\n  }\n  // keypad\n  for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n    keyMap[96+i] = 'numpad'+i;\n  }\n\n  // shift keys mapped to their non-shift equivalent\n  var shiftKeys = {\n    '~': '`',\n    '!': '1',\n    '@': '2',\n    '#': '3',\n    '$': '4',\n    '%': '5',\n    '^': '6',\n    '&': '7',\n    '*': '8',\n    '(': '9',\n    ')': '0',\n    '_': '-',\n    '+': '=',\n    ':': ';',\n    '\"': '\\'',\n    '<': ',',\n    '>': '.',\n    '?': '/',\n    '|': '\\\\',\n    'plus': '='\n  };\n\n  // aliases modifier keys to their actual key for keyup event\n  var aliases = {\n    'leftwindow': 'meta',  // mac\n    'select': 'meta'       // mac\n  };\n\n  // modifier order for combinations\n  var modifierOrder = ['meta', 'ctrl', 'alt', 'shift'];\n\n  window.addEventListener('keydown', keydownEventHandler);\n  window.addEventListener('keyup', keyupEventHandler);\n  window.addEventListener('blur', blurEventHandler);\n\n  /**\n   * Object for using the keyboard.\n   */\n  kontra.keys = {};\n\n  /**\n   * Register a function to be called on a keyboard keys.\n   * Please note that not all keyboard combinations can be executed due to ghosting.\n   * @memberof kontra.keys\n   *\n   * @param {string|string[]} keys - keys combination string(s).\n   *\n   * @throws {SyntaxError} If callback is not a function.\n   */\n  kontra.keys.bind = function bindKey(keys, callback) {\n    if (typeof callback !== 'function') {\n      var error = new SyntaxError('Invalid function.');\n      kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide a function as the second parameter.');\n      return;\n    }\n\n    keys = (kontra.isArray(keys) ? keys : [keys]);\n\n    for (var i = 0, key; key = keys[i]; i++) {\n      var combination = normalizeKeys(key);\n\n      callbacks[combination] = callback;\n    }\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Remove the callback function for a key combination.\n   * @memberof kontra.keys\n   *\n   * @param {string|string[]} keys - keys combination string.\n   */\n  kontra.keys.unbind = function unbindKey(keys) {\n    keys = (kontra.isArray(keys) ? keys : [keys]);\n\n    for (var i = 0, key; key = keys[i]; i++) {\n      var combination = normalizeKeys(key);\n\n      callbacks[combination] = undefined;\n    }\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Returns whether a key is pressed.\n   * @memberof kontra.keys\n   *\n   * @param {string} keys - Keys combination string.\n   *\n   * @returns {boolean}\n   */\n  kontra.keys.pressed = function keyPressed(keys) {\n    var combination = normalizeKeys(keys);\n    var pressed = true;\n\n    // loop over each key in the combination and verify that it is pressed\n    keys = combination.split('+');\n    for (var i = 0, key; key = keys[i]; i++) {\n      pressed = pressed && !!pressedKeys[key];\n    }\n\n    return pressed;\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Normalize the event keycode\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @param {Event} e\n   *\n   * @returns {number}\n   */\n  function normalizeKeyCode(e) {\n    return (typeof e.which === 'number' ? e.which : e.keyCode);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Normalize keys combination order.\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @param {string} keys - keys combination string.\n   *\n   * @returns {string} Normalized combination.\n   *\n   * @example\n   * normalizeKeys('c+ctrl');  //=> 'ctrl+c'\n   * normalizeKeys('shift+++meta+alt');  //=> 'meta+alt+shift+plus'\n   */\n  function normalizeKeys(keys) {\n    var combination = [];\n\n    // handle '++' combinations\n    keys = keys.trim().replace('++', '+plus');\n\n    // put modifiers in the correct order\n    for (var i = 0, modifier; modifier = modifierOrder[i]; i++) {\n\n      // check for the modifier\n      if (keys.indexOf(modifier) !== -1) {\n        combination.push(modifier);\n        keys = keys.replace(modifier, '');\n      }\n    }\n\n    // remove all '+'s to leave only the last key\n    keys = keys.replace(/\\+/g, '').toLowerCase();\n\n    // check for shift key\n    if (shiftKeys[keys]) {\n      combination.push('shift+'+shiftKeys[keys]);\n    }\n    else if (keys) {\n      combination.push(keys);\n    }\n\n    return combination.join('+');\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get the key combination from an event.\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @param {Event} e\n   *\n   * @return {string} normalized combination.\n   */\n  function getKeyCombination(e) {\n    var combination = [];\n\n    // check for modifiers\n    for (var i = 0, modifier; modifier = modifierOrder[i]; i++) {\n      if (e[modifier+'Key']) {\n        combination.push(modifier);\n      }\n    }\n\n    var key = keyMap[normalizeKeyCode(e)];\n\n    // prevent duplicate keys from being added to the combination\n    // for example 'ctrl+ctrl' since ctrl is both a modifier and\n    // a regular key\n    if (combination.indexOf(key) === -1) {\n      combination.push(key);\n    }\n\n    return combination.join('+');\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute a function that corresponds to a keyboard combination.\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @param {Event} e\n   */\n  function keydownEventHandler(e) {\n    var combination = getKeyCombination(e);\n\n    // set pressed keys\n    for (var i = 0, keys = combination.split('+'), key; key = keys[i]; i++) {\n      pressedKeys[key] = true;\n    }\n\n    if (callbacks[combination]) {\n      callbacks[combination](e, combination);\n      e.preventDefault();\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set the released key to not being pressed.\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @param {Event} e\n   */\n  function keyupEventHandler(e) {\n    var key = keyMap[normalizeKeyCode(e)];\n    pressedKeys[key] = false;\n\n    if (aliases[key]) {\n      pressedKeys[ aliases[key] ] = false;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Reset pressed keys.\n   * @private\n   *\n   * @param {Event} e\n   */\n  function blurEventHandler(e) {\n    pressedKeys = {};\n  }\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, window);","/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * Object pool. The pool will grow in size to accommodate as many objects as are needed.\n   * Unused items are at the front of the pool and in use items are at the of the pool.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.pool.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.pool = function(properties) {\n    var pool = Object.create(kontra.pool.prototype);\n    pool.init(properties);\n\n    return pool;\n  };\n\n  kontra.pool.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the pool.\n     * @memberof kontra.pool\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the pool.\n     * @param {object} properties.create - Function that returns the object to use in the pool.\n     * @param {object} properties.createProperties - Properties that will be passed to the create function.\n     * @param {number} properties.maxSize - The maximum size that the pool will grow to.\n     * @param {boolean} properties.fill - Fill the pool to max size instead of slowly growing.\n     *\n     * Objects inside the pool must implement <code>render()</code>, <code>update()</code>,\n     * <code>init()</code>, and <code>isAlive()</code> functions.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      var error, obj;\n\n      // check for the correct structure of the objects added to pools so we know that the\n      // rest of the pool code will work without errors\n      if (typeof properties.create !== 'function') {\n        error = new SyntaxError('Required function not found.');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'Parameter \\'create\\' must be a function that returns an object.');\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // bind the create function to always use the create properties\n      this.create = properties.create.bind(this, properties.createProperties || {});\n\n      // ensure objects for the pool have required functions\n      obj = this.create();\n\n      if (!obj || typeof obj.render !== 'function' || typeof obj.update !== 'function' ||\n          typeof obj.init !== 'function' || typeof obj.isAlive !== 'function') {\n        error = new SyntaxError('Create object required functions not found.');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'Objects to be pooled must implement render(), update(), init() and isAlive() functions.');\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // start the pool with an object\n      this.objects = [obj];\n      this.size = 1;\n      this.maxSize = properties.maxSize || Infinity;\n      this.lastIndex = 0;\n      this.inUse = 0;\n\n      // fill the pool\n      if (properties.fill) {\n        if (properties.maxSize) {\n          while (this.objects.length < this.maxSize) {\n            this.objects.unshift(this.create());\n          }\n\n          this.size = this.maxSize;\n          this.lastIndex = this.maxSize - 1;\n        }\n        else {\n          error = new SyntaxError('Required property not found.');\n          kontra.logError(error, 'Parameter \\'maxSize\\' must be set before you can fill a pool.');\n          return;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Get an object from the pool.\n     * @memberof kontra.pool\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties to pass to object.init().\n     */\n    get: function get(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      var _this = this;\n\n      // the pool is out of objects if the first object is in use and it can't grow\n      if (_this.objects[0].isAlive()) {\n        if (_this.size === _this.maxSize) {\n          return;\n        }\n        // 'double' the size of the array by filling it with twice as many objects\n        else {\n          for (var x = 0; x < _this.size && _this.objects.length < _this.maxSize; x++) {\n            _this.objects.unshift(_this.create());\n          }\n\n          _this.size = _this.objects.length;\n          _this.lastIndex = _this.size - 1;\n        }\n      }\n\n      // save off first object in pool to reassign to last object after unshift\n      var obj = _this.objects[0];\n      obj.init(properties);\n\n      // unshift the array\n      for (var i = 1; i < _this.size; i++) {\n        _this.objects[i-1] = _this.objects[i];\n      }\n\n      _this.objects[_this.lastIndex] = obj;\n      _this.inUse++;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Return all objects that are alive from the pool.\n     * @memberof kontra.pool\n     *\n     * @returns {object[]}\n     */\n    getAliveObjects: function getAliveObjects() {\n      return this.objects.slice(this.objects.length - this.inUse);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Clear the object pool.\n     * @memberof kontra.pool\n     */\n    clear: function clear() {\n      this.inUse = 0;\n      this.size = 1;\n      this.lastIndex = 0;\n      this.objects.length = 0;\n      this.objects.push(this.create());\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Update all alive pool objects.\n     * @memberof kontra.pool\n     *\n     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.\n     */\n    update: function update(dt) {\n      var i = this.lastIndex;\n      var obj;\n\n      // If the user kills an object outside of the update cycle, the pool won't know of\n      // the change until the next update and inUse won't be decremented. If the user then\n      // gets an object when inUse is the same size as objects.length, inUse will increment\n      // and this statement will evaluate to -1.\n      //\n      // I don't like having to go through the pool to kill an object as it forces you to\n      // know which object came from which pool. Instead, we'll just prevent the index from\n      // going below 0 and accept the fact that inUse may be out of sync for a frame.\n      var index = Math.max(this.objects.length - this.inUse, 0);\n\n      // only iterate over the objects that are alive\n      while (i >= index) {\n        obj = this.objects[i];\n\n        obj.update(dt);\n\n        // if the object is dead, move it to the front of the pool\n        if (!obj.isAlive()) {\n\n          // push an object from the middle of the pool to the front of the pool\n          // without returning a new array through Array#splice to avoid garbage\n          // collection of the old array\n          // @see http://jsperf.com/object-pools-array-vs-loop\n          for (var j = i; j > 0; j--) {\n            this.objects[j] = this.objects[j-1];\n          }\n\n          this.objects[0] = obj;\n          this.inUse--;\n          index++;\n        }\n        else {\n          i--;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * render all alive pool objects.\n     * @memberof kontra.pool\n     */\n    render: function render() {\n      var index = Math.max(this.objects.length - this.inUse, 0);\n\n      for (var i = this.lastIndex; i >= index; i--) {\n        this.objects[i].render();\n      }\n    }\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {});","/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * A quadtree for 2D collision checking. The quadtree acts like an object pool in that it\n   * will create subnodes as objects are needed but it won't clean up the subnodes when it\n   * collapses to avoid garbage collection.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.quadtree.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   *L\n   * The quadrant indices are numbered as follows (following a z-order curve):\n   *     |\n   *  0  |  1\n   * ----+----\n   *  2  |  3\n   *     |\n   */\n  kontra.quadtree = function(properties) {\n    var quadtree = Object.create(kontra.quadtree.prototype);\n    quadtree.init(properties);\n\n    return quadtree;\n  };\n\n  kontra.quadtree.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the quadtree.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     *\n     * @param {number} [depth=0] - Current node depth.\n     * @param {number} [maxDepth=3] - Maximum node depths the quadtree can have.\n     * @param {number} [maxObjects=25] - Maximum number of objects a node can support before splitting.\n     * @param {object} [parentNode] - The node that contains this node.\n     * @param {object} [bounds] - The 2D space this node occupies.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      this.depth = properties.depth || 0;\n      this.maxDepth = properties.maxDepth || 3;\n      this.maxObjects = properties.maxObjects || 25;\n\n      // since we won't clean up any subnodes, we need to keep track of which nodes are\n      // currently the leaf node so we know which nodes to add objects to\n      this.isBranchNode = false;\n\n      this.parentNode = properties.parentNode;\n\n      this.bounds = properties.bounds || {\n        x: 0,\n        y: 0,\n        width: kontra.game.width,\n        height: kontra.game.height\n      };\n\n      this.objects = [];\n      this.subnodes = [];\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Clear the quadtree\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     */\n    clear: function clear() {\n      if (this.isBranchNode) {\n        for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {\n          this.subnodes[i].clear();\n        }\n      }\n\n      this.isBranchNode = false;\n      this.objects.length = 0;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Find the leaf node the object belongs to and get all objects that are part of\n     * that node.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     *\n     * @param {object} object - Object to use for finding the leaf node.\n     *\n     * @returns {object[]} A list of objects in the same leaf node as the object.\n     */\n    get: function get(object) {\n      var node = this;\n      var objects = [];\n      var indices, index;\n\n      // traverse the tree until we get to a leaf node\n      while (node.subnodes.length && this.isBranchNode) {\n        indices = this._getIndex(object);\n\n        for (var i = 0, length = indices.length; i < length; i++) {\n          index = indices[i];\n\n          objects.push.apply(objects, this.subnodes[index].get(object));\n        }\n\n        return objects;\n      }\n\n      return node.objects;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Add an object to the quadtree. Once the number of objects in the node exceeds\n     * the maximum number of objects allowed, it will split and move all objects to their\n     * corresponding subnodes.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     */\n    add: function add() {\n      var _this = this;\n      var i, object, obj, indices, index;\n\n      for (var j = 0, length = arguments.length; j < length; j++) {\n        object = arguments[j];\n\n        // add a group of objects separately\n        if (kontra.isArray(object)) {\n          _this.add.apply(this, object);\n\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // current node has subnodes, so we need to add this object into a subnode\n        if (_this.subnodes.length && _this.isBranchNode) {\n          _this._addToSubnode(object);\n\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        // this node is a leaf node so add the object to it\n        _this.objects.push(object);\n\n        // split the node if there are too many objects\n        if (_this.objects.length > _this.maxObjects && _this.depth < _this.maxDepth) {\n          _this._split();\n\n          // move all objects to their corresponding subnodes\n          for (i = 0; obj = _this.objects[i]; i++) {\n            _this._addToSubnode(obj);\n          }\n\n          _this.objects.length = 0;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Add an object to a subnode.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {object} object - Object to add into a subnode\n     */\n    _addToSubnode: function _addToSubnode(object) {\n      var indices = this._getIndex(object);\n\n      // add the object to all subnodes it intersects\n      for (var i = 0, length = indices.length; i < length; i++) {\n        this.subnodes[ indices[i] ].add(object);\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Determine which subnodes the object intersects with.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {object} object - Object to check.\n     *\n     * @returns {number[]} List of all subnodes object intersects.\n     */\n    _getIndex: function getIndex(object) {\n      var indices = [];\n\n      var verticalMidpoint = this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width / 2;\n      var horizontalMidpoint = this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height / 2;\n\n      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects\n      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);\n      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);\n\n      // save off quadrant checks for reuse\n      var intersectsTopQuadrants = y < horizontalMidpoint && y + object.height >= this.bounds.y;\n      var intersectsBottomQuadrants = y + object.height >= horizontalMidpoint && y < this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height;\n\n      // object intersects with the left quadrants\n      if (x < verticalMidpoint && x + object.width >= this.bounds.x) {\n        if (intersectsTopQuadrants) {  // top left\n          indices.push(0);\n        }\n\n        if (intersectsBottomQuadrants) {  // bottom left\n          indices.push(2);\n        }\n      }\n\n      // object intersects with the right quadrants\n      if (x + object.width >= verticalMidpoint && x < this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width) {  // top right\n        if (intersectsTopQuadrants) {\n          indices.push(1);\n        }\n\n        if (intersectsBottomQuadrants) {  // bottom right\n          indices.push(3);\n        }\n      }\n\n      return indices;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Split the node into four subnodes.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     * @private\n     */\n    _split: function split() {\n      this.isBranchNode = true;\n\n      // only split if we haven't split before\n      if (this.subnodes.length) {\n        return;\n      }\n\n      var subWidth = this.bounds.width / 2 | 0;\n      var subHeight = this.bounds.height / 2 | 0;\n      var x = this.bounds.x;\n      var y = this.bounds.y;\n\n      for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {\n        this.subnodes[i] = kontra.quadtree({\n          bounds: {\n            x: x + (i % 2 === 1 ? subWidth : 0),  // nodes 1 and 3\n            y: y + (i >= 2 ? subHeight : 0),      // nodes 2 and 3\n            width: subWidth,\n            height: subHeight\n          },\n          depth: this.depth+1,\n          maxDepth: this.maxDepth,\n          maxObjects: this.maxObjects,\n          parentNode: this\n        });\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Draw the quadtree. Useful for visual debugging.\n     * @memberof kontra.quadtree\n     */\n    render: function() {\n      // don't draw empty leaf nodes, always draw branch nodes and the first node\n      if (this.objects.length || this.depth === 0 ||\n          (this.parentNode && this.parentNode.isBranchNode)) {\n\n        kontra.context.strokeStyle = 'red';\n        kontra.context.strokeRect(this.bounds.x, this.bounds.y, this.bounds.width, this.bounds.height);\n\n        if (this.subnodes.length) {\n          for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {\n            this.subnodes[i].render();\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {});","var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  // prevent these properties from being set at the end of kontra.sprite.init()\n  var excludedProperties = [\n    'x',\n    'y',\n    'dx',\n    'dy',\n    'ddx',\n    'ddy',\n    'timeToLive',\n    'context',\n    'image',\n    'animations',\n    'color',\n    'width',\n    'height'\n  ];\n\n  /**\n   * A vector for 2D space.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.vector.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.vector = function(x, y) {\n    var vector = Object.create(kontra.vector.prototype);\n    vector.init(x, y);\n\n    return vector;\n  };\n\n  kontra.vector.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize the vectors x and y position.\n     * @memberof kontra.vector\n     *\n     * @param {number} x=0 - Center x coordinate.\n     * @param {number} y=0 - Center y coordinate.\n     *\n     * @returns {vector}\n     */\n    init: function init(x, y) {\n      this.x = x || 0;\n      this.y = y || 0;\n\n      return this;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Add a vector to this vector.\n     * @memberof kontra.vector\n     *\n     * @param {vector} vector - Vector to add.\n     * @param {number} dt=1 - Time since last update.\n     */\n    add: function add(vector, dt) {\n      this.x += (vector.x || 0) * (dt || 1);\n      this.y += (vector.y || 0) * (dt || 1);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Clamp the vector between two points that form a rectangle.\n     * Please note that clamping will only work if the add function is called.\n     * @memberof kontra.vector\n     *\n     * @param {number} [xMin=-Infinity] - Min x value.\n     * @param {number} [yMin=Infinity] - Min y value.\n     * @param {number} [xMax=-Infinity] - Max x value.\n     * @param {number} [yMax=Infinity] - Max y value.\n     */\n    clamp: function clamp(xMin, yMin, xMax, yMax) {\n      this._xMin = (xMin !== undefined ? xMin : -Infinity);\n      this._xMax = (xMax !== undefined ? xMax : Infinity);\n      this._yMin = (yMin !== undefined ? yMin : -Infinity);\n      this._yMax = (yMax !== undefined ? yMax : Infinity);\n\n      // rename x and y so we can use them as getters and setters\n      this._x = this.x;\n      this._y = this.y;\n\n      // define getters to return the renamed x and y and setters to clamp their value\n      Object.defineProperties(this, {\n        x: {\n          get: function() {\n            return this._x;\n          },\n          set: function(value) {\n            this._x = Math.min( Math.max(value, this._xMin), this._xMax );\n          }\n        },\n        y: {\n          get: function() {\n            return this._y;\n          },\n          set: function(value) {\n            this._y = Math.min( Math.max(value, this._yMin), this._yMax );\n          }\n        }\n      });\n    }\n  };\n\n\n\n\n\n  /**\n   * A sprite with a position, velocity, and acceleration.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   * @requires kontra.vector\n   *\n   * @see kontra.sprite.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.sprite = function(properties) {\n    var sprite = Object.create(kontra.sprite.prototype);\n    sprite.init(properties);\n\n    return sprite;\n  };\n\n  kontra.sprite.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Move the sprite by its velocity.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.\n     */\n    advanceSprite: function advanceSprite(dt) {\n      this.velocity.add(this.acceleration, dt);\n      this.position.add(this.velocity, dt);\n\n      this.timeToLive--;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Draw a simple rectangle. Useful for prototyping.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     */\n    drawRect: function drawRect() {\n      this.context.fillStyle = this.color;\n      this.context.fillRect(this.position.x, this.position.y, this.width, this.height);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Draw the sprite.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     */\n    drawImage: function drawImage() {\n      this.context.drawImage(this.image, this.position.x, this.position.y);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Update the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.\n     */\n    advanceAnimation: function advanceAnimation(dt) {\n      this.advanceSprite(dt);\n\n      this.currentAnimation.update(dt);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Draw the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     */\n    drawAnimation: function drawAnimation() {\n      this.currentAnimation.render({\n        context: this.context,\n        x: this.position.x,\n        y: this.position.y\n      });\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Play an animation.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @param {string} name - Name of the animation to play.\n     */\n    playAnimation: function playAnimation(name) {\n      this.currentAnimation = this.animations[name];\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Determine if the sprite is alive.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @returns {boolean}\n     */\n    isAlive: function isAlive() {\n      return this.timeToLive > 0;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the sprite.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the sprite.\n     * @param {number} properties.x - X coordinate of the sprite.\n     * @param {number} properties.y - Y coordinate of the sprite.\n     * @param {number} [properties.dx] - Change in X position.\n     * @param {number} [properties.dy] - Change in Y position.\n     * @param {number} [properties.ddx] - Change in X velocity.\n     * @param {number} [properties.ddy] - Change in Y velocity.\n     *\n     * @param {number} [properties.timeToLive=0] - How may frames the sprite should be alive.\n     * @param {Context} [properties.context=kontra.context] - Provide a context for the sprite to draw on.\n     *\n     * @param {Image|Canvas} [properties.image] - Image for the sprite.\n     *\n     * @param {object} [properties.animations] - Animations for the sprite instead of an image.\n     *\n     * @param {string} [properties.color] - If no image or animation is provided, use color to draw a rectangle for the sprite.\n     * @param {number} [properties.width] - Width of the sprite for drawing a rectangle.\n     * @param {number} [properties.height] - Height of the sprite for drawing a rectangle.\n     *\n     * @param {function} [properties.update] - Function to use to update the sprite.\n     * @param {function} [properties.render] - Function to use to render the sprite.\n     *\n     * If you need the sprite to live forever, or just need it to stay on screen until you\n     * decide when to kill it, you can set <code>timeToLive</code> to <code>Infinity</code>.\n     * Just be sure to set <code>timeToLive</code> to 0 when you want the sprite to die.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      var _this = this;\n\n      _this.position = (_this.position || kontra.vector()).init(properties.x, properties.y);\n      _this.velocity = (_this.velocity || kontra.vector()).init(properties.dx, properties.dy);\n      _this.acceleration = (_this.acceleration || kontra.vector()).init(properties.ddx, properties.ddy);\n\n      _this.timeToLive = properties.timeToLive || 0;\n      _this.context = properties.context || kontra.context;\n\n      // image sprite\n      if (kontra.isImage(properties.image) || kontra.isCanvas(properties.image)) {\n        _this.image = properties.image;\n        _this.width = properties.image.width;\n        _this.height = properties.image.height;\n\n        // change the advance and draw functions to work with images\n        _this.advance = _this.advanceSprite;\n        _this.draw = _this.drawImage;\n      }\n      // animation sprite\n      else if (properties.animations) {\n        _this.animations = properties.animations;\n\n        // default the current animation to the first one in the list\n        _this.currentAnimation = properties.animations[ Object.keys(properties.animations)[0] ];\n        _this.width = _this.currentAnimation.width;\n        _this.height = _this.currentAnimation.height;\n\n        // change the advance and draw functions to work with animations\n        _this.advance = _this.advanceAnimation;\n        _this.draw = _this.drawAnimation;\n      }\n      // rectangle sprite\n      else {\n        _this.color = properties.color;\n        _this.width = properties.width;\n        _this.height = properties.height;\n\n        // change the advance and draw functions to work with rectangles\n        _this.advance = _this.advanceSprite;\n        _this.draw = _this.drawRect;\n      }\n\n      // loop through all other properties an add them to the sprite\n      for (var prop in properties) {\n        if (properties.hasOwnProperty(prop) && excludedProperties.indexOf(prop) === -1) {\n          _this[prop] = properties[prop];\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    // define getter and setter shortcut functions to make it easier to work work with the\n    // position, velocity, and acceleration vectors.\n\n    /**\n     * Sprite position.x\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @property {number} x\n     */\n    get x() {\n      return this.position.x;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Sprite position.y\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @property {number} y\n     */\n    get y() {\n      return this.position.y;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Sprite velocity.x\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @property {number} dx\n     */\n    get dx() {\n      return this.velocity.x;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Sprite velocity.y\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @property {number} dy\n     */\n    get dy() {\n      return this.velocity.y;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Sprite acceleration.x\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @property {number} ddx\n     */\n    get ddx() {\n      return this.acceleration.x;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Sprite acceleration.y\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @property {number} ddy\n     */\n    get ddy() {\n      return this.acceleration.y;\n    },\n\n    set x(value) {\n      this.position.x = value;\n    },\n    set y(value) {\n      this.position.y = value;\n    },\n    set dx(value) {\n      this.velocity.x = value;\n    },\n    set dy(value) {\n      this.velocity.y = value;\n    },\n    set ddx(value) {\n      this.acceleration.x = value;\n    },\n    set ddy(value) {\n      this.acceleration.y = value;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Simple bounding box collision test.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     *\n     * @param {object} object - Object to check collision against.\n     *\n     * @returns {boolean} True if the objects collide, false otherwise.\n     */\n    collidesWith: function collidesWith(object) {\n      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects\n      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);\n      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);\n\n      if (this.position.x < x + object.width &&\n          this.position.x + this.width > x &&\n          this.position.y < y + object.height &&\n          this.position.y + this.height > y) {\n        return true;\n      }\n\n      return false;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Update the sprites velocity and position.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite\n     * @abstract\n     *\n     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.\n     *\n     * This function can be overridden on a per sprite basis if more functionality\n     * is needed in the update step. Just call <code>this.advance()</code> when you need\n     * the sprite to update its position.\n     *\n     * @example\n     * sprite = kontra.sprite({\n     *   update: function update(dt) {\n     *     // do some logic\n     *\n     *     this.advance(dt);\n     *   }\n     * });\n     */\n    update: function update(dt) {\n      this.advance(dt);\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Render the sprite.\n     * @memberof kontra.sprite.\n     * @abstract\n     *\n     * This function can be overridden on a per sprite basis if more functionality\n     * is needed in the render step. Just call <code>this.draw()</code> when you need the\n     * sprite to draw its image.\n     *\n     * @example\n     * sprite = kontra.sprite({\n     *   render: function render() {\n     *     // do some logic\n     *\n     *     this.draw();\n     *   }\n     * });\n     */\n    render: function render() {\n      this.draw();\n    }\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, Math);","/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * Single animation from a sprite sheet.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.pool.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.animation = function(properties) {\n    var animation = Object.create(kontra.animation.prototype);\n    animation.init(properties);\n\n    return animation;\n  };\n\n  kontra.animation.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the animation.\n     * @memberof kontra.animation\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the animation.\n     * @param {spriteSheet} properties.spriteSheet - Sprite sheet for the animation.\n     * @param {number[]} properties.frames - List of frames of the animation.\n     * @param {number}  properties.frameSpeed - Time to wait before transitioning the animation to the next frame.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      this.spriteSheet = properties.spriteSheet;\n      this.frames = properties.frames;\n      this.frameSpeed = properties.frameSpeed;\n\n      this.width = properties.spriteSheet.frame.width;\n      this.height = properties.spriteSheet.frame.height;\n\n      this.currentFrame = 0;\n      this._accumulator = 0;\n      this.update = this.advance;\n      this.render = this.draw;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Update the animation. Used when the animation is not paused or stopped.\n     * @memberof kontra.animation\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {number} dt=1 - Time since last update.\n     */\n    advance: function advance(dt) {\n      // normalize dt to work with milliseconds as a decimal or an integer\n      dt = (dt < 1 ? dt * 1E3 : dt) || 1;\n\n      this._accumulator += dt;\n\n      // update to the next frame if it's time\n      while (this._accumulator >= this.frameSpeed) {\n        this.currentFrame = ++this.currentFrame % this.frames.length;\n\n        this._accumulator -= this.frameSpeed;\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Draw the current frame. Used when the animation is not stopped.\n     * @memberof kontra.animation\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - How to draw the animation.\n     * @param {number} properties.x - X position to draw.\n     * @param {number} properties.y - Y position to draw.\n     * @param {Context} [properties.context=kontra.context] - Provide a context for the sprite to draw on.\n     */\n    draw: function draw(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      var context = properties.context || kontra.context;\n\n      // get the row and col of the frame\n      var row = this.frames[this.currentFrame] / this.spriteSheet.framesPerRow | 0;\n      var col = this.frames[this.currentFrame] % this.spriteSheet.framesPerRow | 0;\n\n      context.drawImage(\n        this.spriteSheet.image,\n        col * this.spriteSheet.frame.width, row * this.spriteSheet.frame.height,\n        this.spriteSheet.frame.width, this.spriteSheet.frame.height,\n        properties.x, properties.y,\n        this.spriteSheet.frame.width, this.spriteSheet.frame.height\n      );\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Play the animation.\n     * @memberof kontra.animation\n     */\n    play: function play() {\n      // restore references to update and render functions only if overridden\n      this.update = this.advance;\n      this.render = this.draw;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Stop the animation and prevent update and render.\n     * @memberof kontra.animation\n     */\n    stop: function stop() {\n\n      // instead of putting an if statement in both render/update functions that checks\n      // a variable to determine whether to render or update, we can just reassign the\n      // functions to noop and save processing time in the game loop.\n      // @see http://jsperf.com/boolean-check-vs-noop\n      this.update = kontra.noop;\n      this.render = kontra.noop;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Pause the animation and prevent update.\n     * @memberof kontra.animation\n     */\n    pause: function pause() {\n      this.update = kontra.noop;\n    }\n  };\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  /**\n   * Create a sprite sheet from an image.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.spriteSheet.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.spriteSheet = function(properties) {\n    var spriteSheet = Object.create(kontra.spriteSheet.prototype);\n    spriteSheet.init(properties);\n\n    return spriteSheet;\n  };\n\n  kontra.spriteSheet.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the spriteSheet.\n     * @memberof kontra\n     * @constructor\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Configure the sprite sheet.\n     * @param {Image|Canvas} properties.image - Image for the sprite sheet.\n     * @param {number} properties.frameWidth - Width (in px) of each frame.\n     * @param {number} properties.frameHeight - Height (in px) of each frame.\n     * @param {object} properties.animations - Animations to create from the sprite sheet.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      this.animations = {};\n\n      if (kontra.isImage(properties.image) || kontra.isCanvas(properties.image)) {\n        this.image = properties.image;\n        this.frame = {\n          width: properties.frameWidth,\n          height: properties.frameHeight\n        };\n\n        this.framesPerRow = properties.image.width / properties.frameWidth | 0;\n      }\n      else {\n        var error = new SyntaxError('Invalid image.');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide an Image for the SpriteSheet.');\n        return;\n      }\n\n      if (properties.animations) {\n        this.createAnimations(properties.animations);\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Create animations from the sprite sheet.\n     * @memberof kontra.spriteSheet\n     *\n     * @param {object} animations - List of named animations to create from the Image.\n     * @param {number|string|number[]|string[]} animations.animationName.frames - A single frame or list of frames for this animation.\n     * @param {number} animations.animationName.frameSpeed=1 - Number of frames to wait before transitioning the animation to the next frame.\n     *\n     * @example\n     * var sheet = kontra.spriteSheet({image: img, frameWidth: 16, frameHeight: 16});\n     * sheet.createAnimations({\n     *   idle: {\n     *     frames: 1  // single frame animation\n     *   },\n     *   walk: {\n     *     frames: '2..6',  // ascending consecutive frame animation (frames 2-6, inclusive)\n     *     frameSpeed: 4\n     *   },\n     *   moonWalk: {\n     *     frames: '6..2',  // descending consecutive frame animation\n     *     frameSpeed: 4\n     *   },\n     *   jump: {\n     *     frames: [7, 12, 2],  // non-consecutive frame animation\n     *     frameSpeed: 3\n     *   },\n     *   attack: {\n     *     frames: ['8..10', 13, '10..8'],  // you can also mix and match, in this case frames [8,9,10,13,10,9,8]\n     *     frameSpeed: 2\n     *   }\n     * });\n     */\n    createAnimations: function createAnimations(animations) {\n      var error;\n\n      if (!animations || Object.keys(animations).length === 0) {\n        error = new ReferenceError('No animations found.');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide at least one named animation to create an Animation.');\n        return;\n      }\n\n      // create each animation by parsing the frames\n      var animation, frames, frameSpeed, sequence;\n      for (var name in animations) {\n        if (!animations.hasOwnProperty(name)) {\n          continue;\n        }\n\n        animation = animations[name];\n        frames = animation.frames;\n        frameSpeed = animation.frameSpeed;\n\n        // array that holds the order of the animation\n        sequence = [];\n\n        if (frames === undefined) {\n          error = new ReferenceError('No animation frames found.');\n          kontra.logError(error, 'Animation ' + name + ' must provide a frames property.');\n          return;\n        }\n\n        // single frame\n        if (kontra.isNumber(frames)) {\n          sequence.push(frames);\n        }\n        // consecutive frames\n        else if (kontra.isString(frames)) {\n          sequence = this._parseFrames(frames);\n        }\n        // non-consecutive frames\n        else if (kontra.isArray(frames)) {\n          for (var i = 0, frame; frame = frames[i]; i++) {\n\n            // consecutive frames\n            if (kontra.isString(frame)) {\n\n              // add new frames to the end of the array\n              sequence.push.apply(sequence, this._parseFrames(frame));\n            }\n            // single frame\n            else {\n              sequence.push(frame);\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        this.animations[name] = kontra.animation({\n          spriteSheet: this,\n          frames: sequence,\n          frameSpeed: frameSpeed\n        });\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Parse a string of consecutive frames.\n     * @memberof kontra.spriteSheet\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {string} frames - Start and end frame.\n     *\n     * @returns {number[]} List of frames.\n     */\n    _parseFrames: function parseFrames(frames) {\n      var sequence = [];\n      var consecutiveFrames = frames.split('..').map(Number);\n\n      // determine which direction to loop\n      var direction = (consecutiveFrames[0] < consecutiveFrames[1] ? 1 : -1);\n      var i;\n\n      // ascending frame order\n      if (direction === 1) {\n        for (i = consecutiveFrames[0]; i <= consecutiveFrames[1]; i++) {\n          sequence.push(i);\n        }\n      }\n      // descending order\n      else {\n        for (i = consecutiveFrames[0]; i >= consecutiveFrames[1]; i--) {\n          sequence.push(i);\n        }\n      }\n\n      return sequence;\n    }\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {});","/**\n * localStorage can be a bit of a pain to work with since it stores everything as strings:\n * localStorage.setItem('item', 1);  //=> '1'\n * localStorage.setItem('item', false);  //=> 'false'\n * localStorage.setItem('item', [1,2,3]);  //=> '1,2,3'\n * localStorage.setItem('item', {a:'b'});  //=> '[object Object]'\n * localStorage.setItem('item', undefinedVariable);  //=> 'undefined'\n *\n * @fileoverview A simple wrapper for localStorage to make it easier to work with.\n * Based on store.js {@see https://github.com/marcuswestin/store.js}\n */\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, window, localStorage, undefined) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  // check if the browser can use localStorage\n  kontra.canUse = kontra.canUse || {};\n  kontra.canUse.localStorage = 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null;\n\n  if (!kontra.canUse.localStorage) {\n    return kontra;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Object for using localStorage.\n   */\n  kontra.store = {};\n\n  /**\n   * Save an item to localStorage.\n   * @memberof kontra.store\n   *\n   * @param {string} key - Name to store the item as.\n   * @param {*} value - Item to store.\n   */\n  kontra.store.set = function setStoreItem(key, value) {\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      this.remove(key);\n    }\n    else {\n      localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));\n    }\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Retrieve an item from localStorage and convert it back to it's original type.\n   * @memberof kontra.store\n   *\n   * @param {string} key - Name of the item.\n   *\n   * @returns {*}\n   */\n  kontra.store.get = function getStoreItem(key) {\n    var value = localStorage.getItem(key);\n\n    try {\n      value = JSON.parse(value);\n    }\n    catch(e) {}\n\n    return value;\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Remove an item from localStorage.\n   * @memberof kontra.store\n   *\n   * @param {string} key - Name of the item.\n   */\n  kontra.store.remove = function removeStoreItem(key) {\n    localStorage.removeItem(key);\n  };\n\n  /**\n   * Clear all keys from localStorage.\n   * @memberof kontra.store\n   */\n  kontra.store.clear = function clearStore() {\n    localStorage.clear();\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, window, window.localStorage);","/*jshint -W084 */\n\nvar kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {\n  'use strict';\n\n  /**\n   * A tile engine for rendering tilesets. Works well with the tile engine program Tiled.\n   * @memberof kontra\n   *\n   * @see kontra.tileEngine.prototype.init for list of parameters.\n   */\n  kontra.tileEngine = function(properties) {\n    var tileEngine = Object.create(kontra.tileEngine.prototype);\n    tileEngine.init(properties);\n\n    return tileEngine;\n  };\n\n  kontra.tileEngine.prototype = {\n    /**\n     * Initialize properties on the tile engine.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the tile engine.\n     * @param {number} [properties.tileWidth=32] - Width of a tile.\n     * @param {number} [properties.tileHeight=32] - Height of a tile.\n     * @param {number} properties.width - Width of the map (in tiles).\n     * @param {number} properties.height - Height of the map (in tiles).\n     * @param {number} [properties.x=0] - X position to draw.\n     * @param {number} [properties.y=0] - Y position to draw.\n     * @param {number} [properties.sx=0] - X position to clip the tileset.\n     * @param {number} [properties.sy=0] - Y position to clip the tileset.\n     * @param {Context} [properties.context=kontra.context] - Provide a context for the tile engine to draw on.\n     */\n    init: function init(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      var _this = this;\n\n      // size of the map (in tiles)\n      if (!properties.width || !properties.height) {\n        var error = new ReferenceError('Required parameters not found');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide width and height of the map to create a tile engine.');\n        return;\n      }\n\n      _this.width = properties.width;\n      _this.height = properties.height;\n\n      // size of the tiles. Most common tile size on opengameart.org seems to be 32x32,\n      // followed by 16x16\n      _this.tileWidth = properties.tileWidth || 32;\n      _this.tileHeight = properties.tileHeight || 32;\n\n      _this.context = properties.context || kontra.context;\n\n      _this.canvasWidth = _this.context.canvas.width;\n      _this.canvasHeight = _this.context.canvas.height;\n\n      // create an off-screen canvas for pre-rendering the map\n      // @see http://jsperf.com/render-vs-prerender\n      _this._offscreenCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');\n      _this._offscreenContext = _this._offscreenCanvas.getContext('2d');\n\n      // make the off-screen canvas the full size of the map\n      _this._offscreenCanvas.width = _this.mapWidth = _this.width * _this.tileWidth;\n      _this._offscreenCanvas.height = _this.mapHeight = _this.height * _this.tileHeight;\n\n      // when clipping an image, sx and sy must within the image region, otherwise\n      // Firefox and Safari won't draw it.\n      // @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19338032/canvas-indexsizeerror-index-or-size-is-negative-or-greater-than-the-allowed-a\n      _this.sxMax = _this.mapWidth - _this.canvasWidth;\n      _this.syMax = _this.mapHeight - _this.canvasHeight;\n\n      _this.layers = {};\n\n      // draw order of layers (by name)\n      _this._layerOrder = [];\n\n      // each tileset will hold the first and the last grid as well as the image for the tileset\n      _this.tilesets = [];\n\n      _this.x = properties.x || 0;\n      _this.y = properties.y || 0;\n      _this.sx = properties.sx || 0;\n      _this.sy = properties.sy || 0;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Add an tileset for the tile engine to use.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the image to add.\n     * @param {string|Image|Canvas} properties.image - Path to the image or Image object.\n     * @param {number} properties.firstGrid - The first tile grid to start the image.\n     */\n    addTileset: function addTileset(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n\n      if (kontra.isImage(properties.image) || kontra.isCanvas(properties.image)) {\n        var image = properties.image;\n        var firstGrid = properties.firstGrid;\n        var numTiles = (image.width / this.tileWidth | 0) * (image.height / this.tileHeight | 0);\n\n        if (!firstGrid) {\n          // only calculate the first grid if the tile map has a tileset already\n          if (this.tilesets.length > 0) {\n            var lastTileset = this.tilesets[this.tilesets.length - 1];\n            var tiles = (lastTileset.image.width / this.tileWidth | 0) *\n                        (lastTileset.image.height / this.tileHeight | 0);\n\n            firstGrid = lastTileset.firstGrid + tiles - 1;\n          }\n          // otherwise this is the first tile added to the tile map\n          else {\n            firstGrid = 1;\n          }\n        }\n\n        this.tilesets.push({\n          firstGrid: firstGrid,\n          lastGrid: firstGrid + numTiles - 1,\n          image: image\n        });\n\n        // sort the tile map so we can perform a binary search when drawing\n        this.tilesets.sort(function(a, b) {\n          return a.firstGrid - b.firstGrid;\n        });\n      }\n      else {\n        var error = new SyntaxError('Invalid image.');\n        kontra.logError(error, 'You must provide an Image for the tile engine.');\n        return;\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Add a layer to the tile engine.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     *\n     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the layer to add.\n     * @param {string} properties.name - Name of the layer.\n     * @param {number[]} properties.data - Tile layer data.\n     * @param {boolean} [properties.render=true] - If the layer should be drawn.\n     * @param {number} properties.zIndex - Draw order for tile layer. Highest number is drawn last (i.e. on top of all other layers).\n     */\n    addLayer: function addLayer(properties) {\n      properties = properties || {};\n      properties.render = (properties.render === undefined ? true : properties.render);\n\n      var _this = this;\n      var data;\n\n      // flatten a 2D array into a single array\n      if (kontra.isArray(properties.data[0])) {\n        data = [];\n\n        for (var r = 0, row; row = properties.data[r]; r++) {\n          for (var c = 0, length = row.length; c < length; c++) {\n            data.push(row[c]);\n          }\n        }\n      }\n      else {\n        data = properties.data;\n      }\n\n      this.layers[properties.name] = data;\n      this.layers[properties.name].zIndex = properties.zIndex || 0;\n      this.layers[properties.name].render = properties.render;\n\n      // only add the layer to the layer order if it should be drawn\n      if (properties.render) {\n        this._layerOrder.push(properties.name);\n\n        this._layerOrder.sort(function(a, b) {\n          return _this.layers[a].zIndex - _this.layers[b].zIndex;\n        });\n\n        this._preRenderImage();\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Simple bounding box collision test for layer tiles.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     *\n     * @param {string} name - Name of the layer.\n     * @param {object} object - Object to check collision against.\n     * @param {number} object.x - X coordinate of the object.\n     * @param {number} object.y - Y coordinate of the object.\n     * @param {number} object.width - Width of the object.\n     * @param {number} object.height - Height of the object.\n     *\n     * @returns {boolean} True if the object collides with a tile, false otherwise.\n     */\n    layerCollidesWith: function layerCollidesWith(name, object) {\n      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects\n      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);\n      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);\n\n      // calculate all tiles that the object can collide with\n      var row = this._getRow(y);\n      var col = this._getCol(x);\n\n      var endRow = this._getRow(y + object.height);\n      var endCol = this._getCol(x + object.width);\n\n      // check all tiles\n      var index;\n      for (var r = row; r <= endRow; r++) {\n        for (var c = col; c <= endCol; c++) {\n          index = c + r * this.width;\n\n          if (this.layers[name][index]) {\n            return true;\n          }\n        }\n      }\n\n      return false;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Get the tile from the specified layer at x, y.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     *\n     * @param {string} name - Name of the layer.\n     * @param {number} x - X coordinate of the tile.\n     * @param {number} y - Y coordinate of the tile.\n     *\n     * @returns {number}\n     */\n    tileAtLayer: function tileAtLayer(name, x, y) {\n      var row = this._getRow(y);\n      var col = this._getCol(x);\n      var index = col + row * this.width;\n\n      return this.layers[name][index];\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Render the pre-rendered canvas.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     */\n    render: function render() {\n      var _this = this;\n\n      // ensure sx and sy are within the image region\n      _this.sx = Math.min( Math.max(_this.sx, 0), _this.sxMax );\n      _this.sy = Math.min( Math.max(_this.sy, 0), _this.syMax );\n\n      _this.context.drawImage(\n        _this._offscreenCanvas,\n        _this.sx, _this.sy, _this.canvasWidth, _this.canvasHeight,\n        _this.x, _this.y, _this.canvasWidth, _this.canvasHeight\n      );\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Render a specific layer.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     *\n     * @param {string} name - Name of the layer to render.\n     */\n    renderLayer: function renderLayer(name) {\n      var _this = this;\n\n      var layer = _this.layers[name];\n\n      // calculate the starting tile\n      var row = _this._getRow();\n      var col = _this._getCol();\n      var index = col + row * _this.width;\n\n      // calculate where to start drawing the tile relative to the drawing canvas\n      var startX = col * _this.tileWidth - _this.sx;\n      var startY = row * _this.tileHeight - _this.sy;\n\n      // calculate how many tiles the drawing canvas can hold\n      var viewWidth = Math.ceil(_this.canvasWidth / _this.tileWidth) + 1;\n      var viewHeight = Math.ceil(_this.canvasHeight / _this.tileHeight) + 1;\n      var numTiles = viewWidth * viewHeight;\n\n      var count = 0;\n      var x, y, tile, tileset, image, tileOffset, width, sx, sy;\n\n      // draw just enough of the layer to fit inside the drawing canvas\n      while (count < numTiles) {\n        tile = layer[index];\n\n        if (tile) {\n          tileset = _this._getTileset(tile);\n          image = tileset.image;\n\n          x = startX + (count % viewWidth) * _this.tileWidth;\n          y = startY + (count / viewWidth | 0) * _this.tileHeight;\n\n          tileOffset = tile - tileset.firstGrid;\n          width = image.width / _this.tileWidth;\n\n          sx = (tileOffset % width) * _this.tileWidth;\n          sy = (tileOffset / width | 0) * _this.tileHeight;\n\n          _this.context.drawImage(\n            image,\n            sx, sy, _this.tileWidth, _this.tileHeight,\n            x, y, _this.tileWidth, _this.tileHeight\n          );\n        }\n\n        if (++count % viewWidth === 0) {\n          index = col + (++row * _this.width);\n        }\n        else {\n          index++;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Get the row from the y coordinate.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {number} y - Y coordinate.\n     *\n     * @return {number}\n     */\n    _getRow: function getRow(y) {\n      y = y || 0;\n\n      return (this.sy + y) / this.tileHeight | 0;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Get the col from the x coordinate.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {number} x - X coordinate.\n     *\n     * @return {number}\n     */\n    _getCol: function getCol(x) {\n      x = x || 0;\n\n      return (this.sx + x) / this.tileWidth | 0;\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Modified binary search that will return the tileset associated with the tile\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     * @private\n     *\n     * @param {number} tile - Tile grid.\n     *\n     * @return {object}\n     */\n    _getTileset: function getTileset(tile) {\n      var min = 0;\n      var max = this.tilesets.length - 1;\n      var index;\n      var currTile;\n\n      while (min <= max) {\n        index = (min + max) / 2 | 0;\n        currTile = this.tilesets[index];\n\n        if (tile >= currTile.firstGrid && tile <= currTile.lastGrid) {\n          return currTile;\n        }\n        else if (currTile < tile) {\n          min = index + 1;\n        }\n        else {\n          max = index - 1;\n        }\n      }\n    },\n\n    /**\n     * Pre-render the tiles to make drawing fast.\n     * @memberof kontra.tileEngine\n     * @private\n     */\n    _preRenderImage: function preRenderImage() {\n      var _this = this;\n      var tile, tileset, image, x, y, sx, sy, tileOffset, width;\n\n      // draw each layer in order\n      for (var i = 0, layer; layer = _this.layers[_this._layerOrder[i]]; i++) {\n        for (var j = 0, len = layer.length; j < len; j++) {\n          tile = layer[j];\n\n          // skip empty tiles (0)\n          if (!tile) {\n            continue;\n          }\n\n          tileset = _this._getTileset(tile);\n          image = tileset.image;\n\n          x = (j % _this.width) * _this.tileWidth;\n          y = (j / _this.width | 0) * _this.tileHeight;\n\n          tileOffset = tile - tileset.firstGrid;\n          width = image.width / _this.tileWidth;\n\n          sx = (tileOffset % width) * _this.tileWidth;\n          sy = (tileOffset / width | 0) * _this.tileHeight;\n\n          _this._offscreenContext.drawImage(\n            image,\n            sx, sy, _this.tileWidth, _this.tileHeight,\n            x, y, _this.tileWidth, _this.tileHeight\n          );\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  };\n\n  return kontra;\n})(kontra || {}, Math);"],"sourceRoot":"/source/"}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/gameLoop.js b/src/gameLoop.js
index e2128a12..57cf3459 100644
--- a/src/gameLoop.js
+++ b/src/gameLoop.js
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
      * Initialize properties on the game loop.
      * @memberof kontra.gameLoop
      *
-     * @param {object}   properties - Configure the game loop.
+     * @param {object}   properties - Properties of the game loop.
      * @param {number}   [properties.fps=60] - Desired frame rate.
      * @param {function} properties.update - Function called to update the game.
      * @param {function} properties.render - Function called to render the game.
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
       // animation variables
       this._accumulator = 0;
       this._delta = 1E3 / (properties.fps || 60);
+      this._step = 1 / (properties.fps || 60);
 
       this.update = properties.update;
       this.render = properties.render;
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
       _this._accumulator += _this._dt;
 
       while (_this._accumulator >= _this._delta) {
-        _this.update(_this._delta / 1E3);
+        _this.update(_this._step);
 
         _this._accumulator -= _this._delta;
       }
diff --git a/src/keyboard.js b/src/keyboard.js
index 02b5508c..7f88197a 100644
--- a/src/keyboard.js
+++ b/src/keyboard.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, window) {
   'use strict';
 
diff --git a/src/pool.js b/src/pool.js
index bd5435f1..96d4f417 100644
--- a/src/pool.js
+++ b/src/pool.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra) {
   'use strict';
 
diff --git a/src/quadtree.js b/src/quadtree.js
index 3a46a1bf..f40131f8 100644
--- a/src/quadtree.js
+++ b/src/quadtree.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -30,11 +28,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * Initialize properties on the quadtree.
      * @memberof kontra.quadtree
      *
-     * @param {number} [depth=0] - Current node depth.
-     * @param {number} [maxDepth=3] - Maximum node depths the quadtree can have.
-     * @param {number} [maxObjects=25] - Maximum number of objects a node can support before splitting.
-     * @param {object} [parentNode] - The node that contains this node.
-     * @param {object} [bounds] - The 2D space this node occupies.
+     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the quadtree.
+     * @param {number} [properties.depth=0] - Current node depth.
+     * @param {number} [properties.maxDepth=3] - Maximum node depths the quadtree can have.
+     * @param {number} [properties.maxObjects=25] - Maximum number of objects a node can support before splitting.
+     * @param {object} [properties.parentNode] - The node that contains this node.
+     * @param {object} [properties.bounds] - The 2D space this node occupies.
      */
     init: function init(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
@@ -110,6 +109,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * the maximum number of objects allowed, it will split and move all objects to their
      * corresponding subnodes.
      * @memberof kontra.quadtree
+     *
+     * @param {...object|object[]} Objects to add to the quadtree
+     *
+     * @example
+     * kontra.quadtree().add({id:1}, {id:2}, {id:3});
+     * kontra.quadtree().add([{id:1}, {id:2}], {id:3});
      */
     add: function add() {
       var _this = this;
@@ -180,16 +185,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
       var verticalMidpoint = this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width / 2;
       var horizontalMidpoint = this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height / 2;
 
-      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects
-      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);
-      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);
-
       // save off quadrant checks for reuse
-      var intersectsTopQuadrants = y < horizontalMidpoint && y + object.height >= this.bounds.y;
-      var intersectsBottomQuadrants = y + object.height >= horizontalMidpoint && y < this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height;
+      var intersectsTopQuadrants = object.y < horizontalMidpoint && object.y + object.height >= this.bounds.y;
+      var intersectsBottomQuadrants = object.y + object.height >= horizontalMidpoint && object.y < this.bounds.y + this.bounds.height;
 
       // object intersects with the left quadrants
-      if (x < verticalMidpoint && x + object.width >= this.bounds.x) {
+      if (object.x < verticalMidpoint && object.x + object.width >= this.bounds.x) {
         if (intersectsTopQuadrants) {  // top left
           indices.push(0);
         }
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
       }
 
       // object intersects with the right quadrants
-      if (x + object.width >= verticalMidpoint && x < this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width) {  // top right
+      if (object.x + object.width >= verticalMidpoint && object.x < this.bounds.x + this.bounds.width) {  // top right
         if (intersectsTopQuadrants) {
           indices.push(1);
         }
@@ -228,14 +229,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
 
       var subWidth = this.bounds.width / 2 | 0;
       var subHeight = this.bounds.height / 2 | 0;
-      var x = this.bounds.x;
-      var y = this.bounds.y;
 
       for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
         this.subnodes[i] = kontra.quadtree({
           bounds: {
-            x: x + (i % 2 === 1 ? subWidth : 0),  // nodes 1 and 3
-            y: y + (i >= 2 ? subHeight : 0),      // nodes 2 and 3
+            x: this.bounds.x + (i % 2 === 1 ? subWidth : 0),  // nodes 1 and 3
+            y: this.bounds.y + (i >= 2 ? subHeight : 0),      // nodes 2 and 3
             width: subWidth,
             height: subHeight
           },
@@ -252,6 +251,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @memberof kontra.quadtree
      */
     render: function() {
+      /* istanbul ignore next */
       // don't draw empty leaf nodes, always draw branch nodes and the first node
       if (this.objects.length || this.depth === 0 ||
           (this.parentNode && this.parentNode.isBranchNode)) {
diff --git a/src/sprite.js b/src/sprite.js
index 784b36a9..038cb187 100644
--- a/src/sprite.js
+++ b/src/sprite.js
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
    *
    * @see kontra.vector.prototype.init for list of parameters.
    */
-  kontra.vector = function(x, y) {
+  kontra.vector = function(properties) {
     var vector = Object.create(kontra.vector.prototype);
-    vector.init(x, y);
+    vector.init(properties);
 
     return vector;
   };
@@ -36,14 +36,17 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * Initialize the vectors x and y position.
      * @memberof kontra.vector
      *
-     * @param {number} x=0 - Center x coordinate.
-     * @param {number} y=0 - Center y coordinate.
+     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the vector.
+     * @param {number} properties.x=0 - X coordinate.
+     * @param {number} properties.y=0 - Y coordinate.
      *
      * @returns {vector}
      */
-    init: function init(x, y) {
-      this.x = x || 0;
-      this.y = y || 0;
+    init: function init(properties) {
+      properties = properties || {};
+
+      this.x = properties.x || 0;
+      this.y = properties.y || 0;
 
       return this;
     },
@@ -121,80 +124,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
   };
 
   kontra.sprite.prototype = {
-    /**
-     * Move the sprite by its velocity.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
-     */
-    advanceSprite: function advanceSprite(dt) {
-      this.velocity.add(this.acceleration, dt);
-      this.position.add(this.velocity, dt);
-
-      this.timeToLive--;
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Draw a simple rectangle. Useful for prototyping.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     */
-    drawRect: function drawRect() {
-      this.context.fillStyle = this.color;
-      this.context.fillRect(this.position.x, this.position.y, this.width, this.height);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Draw the sprite.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     */
-    drawImage: function drawImage() {
-      this.context.drawImage(this.image, this.position.x, this.position.y);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Update the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
-     */
-    advanceAnimation: function advanceAnimation(dt) {
-      this.advanceSprite(dt);
-
-      this.currentAnimation.update(dt);
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Draw the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     */
-    drawAnimation: function drawAnimation() {
-      this.currentAnimation.render({
-        context: this.context,
-        x: this.position.x,
-        y: this.position.y
-      });
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Play an animation.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @param {string} name - Name of the animation to play.
-     */
-    playAnimation: function playAnimation(name) {
-      this.currentAnimation = this.animations[name];
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Determine if the sprite is alive.
-     * @memberof kontra.sprite
-     *
-     * @returns {boolean}
-     */
-    isAlive: function isAlive() {
-      return this.timeToLive > 0;
-    },
-
     /**
      * Initialize properties on the sprite.
      * @memberof kontra.sprite
@@ -230,9 +159,18 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
 
       var _this = this;
 
-      _this.position = (_this.position || kontra.vector()).init(properties.x, properties.y);
-      _this.velocity = (_this.velocity || kontra.vector()).init(properties.dx, properties.dy);
-      _this.acceleration = (_this.acceleration || kontra.vector()).init(properties.ddx, properties.ddy);
+      _this.position = (_this.position || kontra.vector()).init({
+        x: properties.x,
+        y: properties.y
+      });
+      _this.velocity = (_this.velocity || kontra.vector()).init({
+        x: properties.dx,
+        y: properties.dy
+      });
+      _this.acceleration = (_this.acceleration || kontra.vector()).init({
+        x: properties.ddx,
+        y: properties.ddy
+      });
 
       _this.timeToLive = properties.timeToLive || 0;
       _this.context = properties.context || kontra.context;
@@ -244,8 +182,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
         _this.height = properties.image.height;
 
         // change the advance and draw functions to work with images
-        _this.advance = _this.advanceSprite;
-        _this.draw = _this.drawImage;
+        _this.advance = _this._advanceSprite;
+        _this.draw = _this._drawImage;
       }
       // animation sprite
       else if (properties.animations) {
@@ -257,8 +195,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
         _this.height = _this.currentAnimation.height;
 
         // change the advance and draw functions to work with animations
-        _this.advance = _this.advanceAnimation;
-        _this.draw = _this.drawAnimation;
+        _this.advance = _this._advanceAnimation;
+        _this.draw = _this._drawAnimation;
       }
       // rectangle sprite
       else {
@@ -267,8 +205,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
         _this.height = properties.height;
 
         // change the advance and draw functions to work with rectangles
-        _this.advance = _this.advanceSprite;
-        _this.draw = _this.drawRect;
+        _this.advance = _this._advanceSprite;
+        _this.draw = _this._drawRect;
       }
 
       // loop through all other properties an add them to the sprite
@@ -361,6 +299,16 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
       this.acceleration.y = value;
     },
 
+    /**
+     * Determine if the sprite is alive.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     *
+     * @returns {boolean}
+     */
+    isAlive: function isAlive() {
+      return this.timeToLive > 0;
+    },
+
     /**
      * Simple bounding box collision test.
      * @memberof kontra.sprite
@@ -370,14 +318,10 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @returns {boolean} True if the objects collide, false otherwise.
      */
     collidesWith: function collidesWith(object) {
-      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects
-      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);
-      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);
-
-      if (this.position.x < x + object.width &&
-          this.position.x + this.width > x &&
-          this.position.y < y + object.height &&
-          this.position.y + this.height > y) {
+      if (this.x < object.x + object.width &&
+          this.x + this.width > object.x &&
+          this.y < object.y + object.height &&
+          this.y + this.height > object.y) {
         return true;
       }
 
@@ -428,7 +372,76 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      */
     render: function render() {
       this.draw();
-    }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Play an animation.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     *
+     * @param {string} name - Name of the animation to play.
+     */
+    playAnimation: function playAnimation(name) {
+      this.currentAnimation = this.animations[name];
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Move the sprite by its velocity.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     *
+     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
+     */
+    _advanceSprite: function advanceSprite(dt) {
+      this.velocity.add(this.acceleration, dt);
+      this.position.add(this.velocity, dt);
+
+      this.timeToLive--;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Update the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     *
+     * @param {number} dt - Time since last update.
+     */
+    _advanceAnimation: function advanceAnimation(dt) {
+      this._advanceSprite(dt);
+
+      this.currentAnimation.update(dt);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Draw a simple rectangle. Useful for prototyping.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     */
+    _drawRect: function drawRect() {
+      this.context.fillStyle = this.color;
+      this.context.fillRect(this.x, this.y, this.width, this.height);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Draw the sprite.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     */
+    _drawImage: function drawImage() {
+      this.context.drawImage(this.image, this.x, this.y);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Draw the currently playing animation. Used when animations are passed to the sprite.
+     * @memberof kontra.sprite
+     * @private
+     */
+    _drawAnimation: function drawAnimation() {
+      this.currentAnimation.render({
+        context: this.context,
+        x: this.x,
+        y: this.y
+      });
+    },
   };
 
   return kontra;
diff --git a/src/spriteSheet.js b/src/spriteSheet.js
index 615cdd3c..ad188708 100644
--- a/src/spriteSheet.js
+++ b/src/spriteSheet.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -24,22 +22,56 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @param {object} properties - Properties of the animation.
      * @param {spriteSheet} properties.spriteSheet - Sprite sheet for the animation.
      * @param {number[]} properties.frames - List of frames of the animation.
-     * @param {number}  properties.frameSpeed - Time to wait before transitioning the animation to the next frame.
+     * @param {number}  properties.frameRate - Number of frames to display in one second.
      */
     init: function init(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
 
       this.spriteSheet = properties.spriteSheet;
       this.frames = properties.frames;
-      this.frameSpeed = properties.frameSpeed;
+      this.frameRate = properties.frameRate;
 
       this.width = properties.spriteSheet.frame.width;
       this.height = properties.spriteSheet.frame.height;
 
       this.currentFrame = 0;
       this._accumulator = 0;
-      this.update = this.advance;
-      this.render = this.draw;
+
+      // set update and render so we can noop them later to stop the animation
+      this.update = this._advance;
+      this.render = this._draw;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Play the animation.
+     * @memberof kontra.animation
+     */
+    play: function play() {
+      // restore references to update and render functions only if overridden
+      this.update = this._advance;
+      this.render = this._draw;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the animation and prevent update and render.
+     * @memberof kontra.animation
+     */
+    stop: function stop() {
+
+      // instead of putting an if statement in both render/update functions that checks
+      // a variable to determine whether to render or update, we can just reassign the
+      // functions to noop and save processing time in the game loop.
+      // @see http://jsperf.com/boolean-check-vs-noop
+      this.update = kontra.noop;
+      this.render = kontra.noop;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Pause the animation and prevent update.
+     * @memberof kontra.animation
+     */
+    pause: function pause() {
+      this.update = kontra.noop;
     },
 
     /**
@@ -47,19 +79,18 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @memberof kontra.animation
      * @private
      *
-     * @param {number} dt=1 - Time since last update.
+     * @param {number} [dt=1/60] - Time since last update.
      */
-    advance: function advance(dt) {
-      // normalize dt to work with milliseconds as a decimal or an integer
-      dt = (dt < 1 ? dt * 1E3 : dt) || 1;
+    _advance: function advance(dt) {
+      dt = dt || 1 / 60;
 
       this._accumulator += dt;
 
       // update to the next frame if it's time
-      while (this._accumulator >= this.frameSpeed) {
+      while (this._accumulator * this.frameRate >= 1) {
         this.currentFrame = ++this.currentFrame % this.frames.length;
 
-        this._accumulator -= this.frameSpeed;
+        this._accumulator -= 1 / this.frameRate;
       }
     },
 
@@ -73,7 +104,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      * @param {number} properties.y - Y position to draw.
      * @param {Context} [properties.context=kontra.context] - Provide a context for the sprite to draw on.
      */
-    draw: function draw(properties) {
+    _draw: function draw(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
 
       var context = properties.context || kontra.context;
@@ -89,38 +120,6 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
         properties.x, properties.y,
         this.spriteSheet.frame.width, this.spriteSheet.frame.height
       );
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Play the animation.
-     * @memberof kontra.animation
-     */
-    play: function play() {
-      // restore references to update and render functions only if overridden
-      this.update = this.advance;
-      this.render = this.draw;
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Stop the animation and prevent update and render.
-     * @memberof kontra.animation
-     */
-    stop: function stop() {
-
-      // instead of putting an if statement in both render/update functions that checks
-      // a variable to determine whether to render or update, we can just reassign the
-      // functions to noop and save processing time in the game loop.
-      // @see http://jsperf.com/boolean-check-vs-noop
-      this.update = kontra.noop;
-      this.render = kontra.noop;
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Pause the animation and prevent update.
-     * @memberof kontra.animation
-     */
-    pause: function pause() {
-      this.update = kontra.noop;
     }
   };
 
@@ -146,9 +145,8 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
     /**
      * Initialize properties on the spriteSheet.
      * @memberof kontra
-     * @constructor
      *
-     * @param {object} properties - Configure the sprite sheet.
+     * @param {object} properties - Properties of the sprite sheet.
      * @param {Image|Canvas} properties.image - Image for the sprite sheet.
      * @param {number} properties.frameWidth - Width (in px) of each frame.
      * @param {number} properties.frameHeight - Height (in px) of each frame.
@@ -185,7 +183,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      *
      * @param {object} animations - List of named animations to create from the Image.
      * @param {number|string|number[]|string[]} animations.animationName.frames - A single frame or list of frames for this animation.
-     * @param {number} animations.animationName.frameSpeed=1 - Number of frames to wait before transitioning the animation to the next frame.
+     * @param {number} animations.animationName.frameRate - Number of frames to display in one second.
      *
      * @example
      * var sheet = kontra.spriteSheet({image: img, frameWidth: 16, frameHeight: 16});
@@ -195,19 +193,19 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
      *   },
      *   walk: {
      *     frames: '2..6',  // ascending consecutive frame animation (frames 2-6, inclusive)
-     *     frameSpeed: 4
+     *     frameRate: 4
      *   },
      *   moonWalk: {
      *     frames: '6..2',  // descending consecutive frame animation
-     *     frameSpeed: 4
+     *     frameRate: 4
      *   },
      *   jump: {
      *     frames: [7, 12, 2],  // non-consecutive frame animation
-     *     frameSpeed: 3
+     *     frameRate: 3
      *   },
      *   attack: {
      *     frames: ['8..10', 13, '10..8'],  // you can also mix and match, in this case frames [8,9,10,13,10,9,8]
-     *     frameSpeed: 2
+     *     frameRate: 2
      *   }
      * });
      */
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
       }
 
       // create each animation by parsing the frames
-      var animation, frames, frameSpeed, sequence;
+      var animation, frames, frameRate, sequence;
       for (var name in animations) {
         if (!animations.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
           continue;
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
 
         animation = animations[name];
         frames = animation.frames;
-        frameSpeed = animation.frameSpeed;
+        frameRate = animation.frameRate;
 
         // array that holds the order of the animation
         sequence = [];
@@ -264,11 +262,16 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, undefined) {
             }
           }
         }
+        else {
+          error = new SyntaxError('Improper frames value');
+          kontra.logError(error, 'The frames property must be a number, string, or array.');
+          return;
+        }
 
         this.animations[name] = kontra.animation({
           spriteSheet: this,
           frames: sequence,
-          frameSpeed: frameSpeed
+          frameRate: frameRate
         });
       }
     },
diff --git a/src/tileEngine.js b/src/tileEngine.js
index 5225c6f3..2c0c3cbb 100644
--- a/src/tileEngine.js
+++ b/src/tileEngine.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-/*jshint -W084 */
-
 var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
   'use strict';
 
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @memberof kontra.tileEngine
      *
      * @param {object} properties - Properties of the image to add.
-     * @param {string|Image|Canvas} properties.image - Path to the image or Image object.
+     * @param {Image|Canvas} properties.image - Path to the image or Image object.
      * @param {number} properties.firstGrid - The first tile grid to start the image.
      */
     addTileset: function addTileset(properties) {
@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
             var tiles = (lastTileset.image.width / this.tileWidth | 0) *
                         (lastTileset.image.height / this.tileHeight | 0);
 
-            firstGrid = lastTileset.firstGrid + tiles - 1;
+            firstGrid = lastTileset.firstGrid + tiles;
           }
           // otherwise this is the first tile added to the tile map
           else {
@@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @param {string} properties.name - Name of the layer.
      * @param {number[]} properties.data - Tile layer data.
      * @param {boolean} [properties.render=true] - If the layer should be drawn.
-     * @param {number} properties.zIndex - Draw order for tile layer. Highest number is drawn last (i.e. on top of all other layers).
+     * @param {number} [properties.zIndex] - Draw order for tile layer. Highest number is drawn last (i.e. on top of all other layers).
      */
     addLayer: function addLayer(properties) {
       properties = properties || {};
@@ -196,16 +194,12 @@ var kontra = (function(kontra, Math, undefined) {
      * @returns {boolean} True if the object collides with a tile, false otherwise.
      */
     layerCollidesWith: function layerCollidesWith(name, object) {
-      // handle non-kontra.sprite objects as well as kontra.sprite objects
-      var x = (object.x !== undefined ? object.x : object.position.x);
-      var y = (object.y !== undefined ? object.y : object.position.y);
-
       // calculate all tiles that the object can collide with
-      var row = this._getRow(y);
-      var col = this._getCol(x);
+      var row = this._getRow(object.y);
+      var col = this._getCol(object.x);
 
-      var endRow = this._getRow(y + object.height);
-      var endCol = this._getCol(x + object.width);
+      var endRow = this._getRow(object.y + object.height);
+      var endCol = this._getCol(object.x + object.width);
 
       // check all tiles
       var index;
diff --git a/test/core.spec.js b/test/core.spec.js
index bace4b31..0bb2176b 100644
--- a/test/core.spec.js
+++ b/test/core.spec.js
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------
-// init
+// kontra.init
 // --------------------------------------------------
 describe('kontra.init', function() {
-  var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
-  canvas.width = 600;
-  canvas.height = 600;
-  document.body.appendChild(canvas);
+  var canvas;
+
+  it('should log an error if no canvas element exists', function() {
+    sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+    kontra.init();
+
+    expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+    kontra.logError.restore();
+  });
 
   it('should select the first canvas element on the page when no query parameters are passed', function() {
+    canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+    canvas.width = 600;
+    canvas.height = 600;
+    document.body.appendChild(canvas);
+
     kontra.init();
 
     expect(kontra.canvas).to.equal(canvas);
@@ -53,7 +65,7 @@ describe('kontra.init', function() {
 
 
 // --------------------------------------------------
-// isArray
+// kontra.isArray
 // --------------------------------------------------
 describe('kontra.isArray', function() {
 
@@ -79,7 +91,7 @@ describe('kontra.isArray', function() {
 
 
 // --------------------------------------------------
-// isString
+// kontra.isString
 // --------------------------------------------------
 describe('kontra.isString', function() {
 
@@ -105,7 +117,7 @@ describe('kontra.isString', function() {
 
 
 // --------------------------------------------------
-// isNumber
+// kontra.isNumber
 // --------------------------------------------------
 describe('kontra.isNumber', function() {
 
@@ -131,7 +143,7 @@ describe('kontra.isNumber', function() {
 
 
 // --------------------------------------------------
-// isImage
+// kontra.isImage
 // --------------------------------------------------
 describe('kontra.isImage', function() {
 
@@ -157,7 +169,7 @@ describe('kontra.isImage', function() {
 
 
 // --------------------------------------------------
-// isCanvas
+// kontra.isCanvas
 // --------------------------------------------------
 describe('kontra.isCanvas', function() {
 
diff --git a/test/keyboard.spec.js b/test/keyboard.spec.js
index cbe3e4a0..43023c2e 100644
--- a/test/keyboard.spec.js
+++ b/test/keyboard.spec.js
@@ -137,6 +137,20 @@ describe('', function() {
     expect(kontra.keys.pressed('shift++')).to.be.true;
   });
 
+  it('should handle e.which and e.keyCode', function() {
+    simulateEvent('keydown', {which: 65});
+    simulateEvent('keydown', {keyCode: 66});
+
+    expect(kontra.keys.pressed('a')).to.be.true;
+    expect(kontra.keys.pressed('b')).to.be.true;
+  });
+
+  it('should handle special key combination ctrl+ctrl', function() {
+    simulateEvent('keydown', {keyCode: 17, ctrlKey: true});
+
+    expect(kontra.keys.pressed('ctrl')).to.be.true;
+  });
+
 
 
 
@@ -146,6 +160,16 @@ describe('', function() {
   // --------------------------------------------------
   describe('kontra.keys.bind', function() {
 
+    it('should log an error if a callback is not provided', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      kontra.keys.bind('a');
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
     it('should call the callback when a single key combination is pressed', function(done) {
       kontra.keys.bind('a', function() {
         done();
diff --git a/test/phantom.polyfill.js b/test/phantom.polyfill.js
index dd581888..5807e9e9 100644
--- a/test/phantom.polyfill.js
+++ b/test/phantom.polyfill.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
- * Polyfill function.prototype.bind in PhantomJS.
+ * function.prototype.bind polyfill for PhantomJS.
  * @see https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/issues/10522#issuecomment-39248521
  */
 if (typeof Function.prototype.bind != 'function') {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ if (typeof Function.prototype.bind != 'function') {
 }
 
 /**
- * Simple Audio shim for PhantomJS tests.
+ * Simple Audio shim for PhantomJS.
  */
 (function() {
   // only load when Audio is not defined
diff --git a/test/pool.spec.js b/test/pool.spec.js
index 12aa2c0a..16115a59 100644
--- a/test/pool.spec.js
+++ b/test/pool.spec.js
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe('', function() {
         return this.alive || this.timeToLive > 0;
       },
     };
-  }
+  };
 
 
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe('', function() {
     it('should log an error if the create function is not passed', function() {
       sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
 
-      kontra.pool({});
+      kontra.pool();
 
       expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
 
diff --git a/test/quadtree.spec.js b/test/quadtree.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ebd1874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/quadtree.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+// --------------------------------------------------
+// kontra.quadtree
+// --------------------------------------------------
+describe('', function() {
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.quadtree.init
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.quadtree.init', function() {
+
+    it('should create an initial bounding box', function() {
+      var quadtree = kontra.quadtree();
+
+      expect(typeof quadtree.bounds).to.equal('object');
+      expect(quadtree.bounds.x).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.bounds.y).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.bounds.width).to.equal(kontra.game.width);
+      expect(quadtree.bounds.height).to.equal(kontra.game.height);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow you to set the maxDepth and maxObject counts', function() {
+      var quadtree = kontra.quadtree({
+        maxDepth: 1,
+        maxObjects: 10
+      });
+
+      expect(quadtree.maxDepth).to.equal(1);
+      expect(quadtree.maxObjects).to.equal(10);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.quadtree.add
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.quadtree.add', function() {
+    var quadtree;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      quadtree = kontra.quadtree({
+        maxObjects: 5,
+        bounds: {
+          x: 0,
+          y: 0,
+          width: 100,
+          height: 100
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(function() {
+      quadtree.clear();
+    });
+
+    it('should add an object to the quadtree', function() {
+      quadtree.add({id: 1});
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should take multiple objects and add them to the quadtree', function() {
+      quadtree.add({id: 1}, {id: 2}, {id: 3});
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should take an array of objects and add them to the quadtree', function() {
+      quadtree.add([{id: 1}, {id: 2}], {id: 3});
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(3);
+    });
+
+    it('should split the quadtree if there are too many objects', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+        quadtree.add({id: i});
+      }
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(5);
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes.length).to.equal(0);
+
+      quadtree.add({id: 4});
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes.length).to.equal(4);
+    });
+
+    it('should make each subnode 1/4 the size of the bounds when split', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        quadtree.add({id: i});
+      }
+
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[0].bounds).to.eql({x: 0, y: 0, width: 50, height: 50});
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[1].bounds).to.eql({x: 50, y: 0, width: 50, height: 50});
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[2].bounds).to.eql({x: 0, y: 50, width: 50, height: 50});
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[3].bounds).to.eql({x: 50, y: 50, width: 50, height: 50});
+    });
+
+    it('should add split objects to their correct subnodes', function() {
+      var subnode;
+      var objects = [
+        {id: 0, x: 15, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10}, // quadrant 0
+        {id: 1, x: 30, y: 20, width: 10, height: 10}, // quadrant 0
+        {id: 2, x: 45, y: 30, width: 10, height: 10}, // quadrant 0,1
+        {id: 3, x: 60, y: 40, width: 10, height: 10}, // quadrant 1,3
+        {id: 4, x: 75, y: 50, width: 10, height: 10}, // quadrant 3
+        {id: 5, x: 90, y: 60, width: 10, height: 10}  // quadrant 3
+      ];
+
+      quadtree.add(objects);
+
+      // quadrant 0
+      subnode = quadtree.subnodes[0].objects;
+
+      expect(subnode.length).to.equal(3);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[0])).to.not.equal(-1);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[1])).to.not.equal(-1);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[2])).to.not.equal(-1);
+
+      // quadrant 1
+      subnode = quadtree.subnodes[1].objects;
+
+      expect(subnode.length).to.equal(2);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[2])).to.not.equal(-1);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[3])).to.not.equal(-1);
+
+      // quadrant 2
+      subnode = quadtree.subnodes[2].objects;
+
+      expect(subnode.length).to.equal(0);
+
+      // quadrant 3
+      subnode = quadtree.subnodes[3].objects;
+
+      expect(subnode.length).to.equal(3);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[3])).to.not.equal(-1);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[4])).to.not.equal(-1);
+      expect(subnode.indexOf(objects[5])).to.not.equal(-1);
+    });
+
+    it('should add an object to a subnode if the quadtree is already split', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        quadtree.add({id: i});
+      }
+
+      var object = {x: 10, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10};
+      var subnode = quadtree.subnodes[0].objects;
+
+      quadtree.add(object);
+
+      expect(subnode.length).to.equal(1);
+      expect(subnode[0]).to.equal(object);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.quadtree.clear
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.quadtree.clear', function() {
+    var quadtree;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      quadtree = kontra.quadtree({
+        maxObjects: 5,
+        bounds: {
+          x: 0,
+          y: 0,
+          width: 100,
+          height: 100
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should clear all objects of the quadtree', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        quadtree.add({id: i, x: i*15, y: i*10, width: 10, height: 10});
+      }
+
+      quadtree.clear();
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should clear all objects in subnodes of the quadtree', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+        quadtree.add({id: i, x: i*10, y: i*10, width: 10, height: 10});
+      }
+
+      quadtree.clear();
+
+      expect(quadtree.objects.length).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[0].objects.length).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[1].objects.length).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[2].objects.length).to.equal(0);
+      expect(quadtree.subnodes[3].objects.length).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.quadtree.get
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.quadtree.get', function() {
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      quadtree = kontra.quadtree({
+        maxObjects: 5,
+        bounds: {
+          x: 0,
+          y: 0,
+          width: 100,
+          height: 100
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(function() {
+      quadtree.clear();
+    });
+
+    it('should return an object in the same node as the passed object', function() {
+      var object = {x: 10, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10};
+
+      quadtree.add(object);
+
+      var getObjects = quadtree.get({x: 30, y: 30, width: 20, height: 20});
+
+      expect(getObjects.length).to.equal(1);
+      expect(getObjects[0]).to.equal(object);
+    });
+
+    it('should return all objects in multiple subnodes if the object intercepts multiple subnodes', function() {
+      var objects = [
+        {x: 10, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 60, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10}
+      ];
+
+      quadtree.add(objects);
+
+      var getObjects = quadtree.get({x: 45, y: 25, width: 20, height: 20});
+
+      expect(getObjects.length).to.equal(2);
+      expect(getObjects[0]).to.equal(objects[0]);
+      expect(getObjects[1]).to.equal(objects[1]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return objects from leaf nodes', function() {
+      var objects = [
+        {x: 0, y: 0, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 10, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 20, y: 20, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 30, y: 30, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 40, y: 40, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 50, y: 50, width: 10, height: 10},
+        {x: 60, y: 10, width: 10, height: 10}
+      ];
+
+      quadtree.add(objects);
+
+      var getObjects = quadtree.get({x: 5, y: 25, width: 20, height: 20});
+
+      expect(getObjects.length).to.equal(5);
+      expect(getObjects[0]).to.equal(objects[0]);
+      expect(getObjects[1]).to.equal(objects[1]);
+      expect(getObjects[2]).to.equal(objects[2]);
+      expect(getObjects[3]).to.equal(objects[3]);
+      expect(getObjects[4]).to.equal(objects[4]);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/sprite.spec.js b/test/sprite.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5d0f742a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/sprite.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+// --------------------------------------------------
+// kontra.vector
+// --------------------------------------------------
+describe('', function() {
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.vector.init
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.vector.init', function() {
+
+    it('should set x and y', function() {
+      var vec = kontra.vector({x: 10, y: 20});
+
+      expect(vec.x).to.equal(10);
+      expect(vec.y).to.equal(20);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.vector.add
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.vector.add', function() {
+
+    it('should add one vector to another', function() {
+      var vec1 = kontra.vector({x: 10, y: 20});
+      var vec2 = kontra.vector({x: 5, y: 10});
+
+      vec1.add(vec2)
+
+      expect(vec1.x).to.eql(15);
+      expect(vec1.y).to.eql(30);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+  it('should incorporate dt if passed', function() {
+    var vec1 = kontra.vector({x: 10, y: 20});
+      var vec2 = kontra.vector({x: 5, y: 10});
+
+      vec1.add(vec2, 2)
+
+      expect(vec1.x).to.eql(20);
+      expect(vec1.y).to.eql(40);
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.vector.clamp
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.vector.clamp', function() {
+    var vec;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      vec = kontra.vector({x: 10, y: 20});
+      vec.clamp(0, 10, 50, 75);
+    })
+
+    it('should clamp the vectors x value', function() {
+      vec.x = -10;
+
+      expect(vec.x).to.equal(0);
+
+      vec.x = 100;
+
+      expect(vec.x).to.equal(50);
+    });
+
+    it('should clamp the vectors y value', function() {
+      vec.y = -10;
+
+      expect(vec.y).to.equal(10);
+
+      vec.y = 100;
+
+      expect(vec.y).to.equal(75);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
+
+
+
+
+
+// --------------------------------------------------
+// kontra.sprite
+// --------------------------------------------------
+describe('', function() {
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.sprite.init
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.sprite.init', function() {
+
+    it('should set default properties on the sprite when passed no arguments', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite();
+
+      expect(sprite.context).to.equal(kontra.context);
+      expect(sprite.position instanceof kontra.vector).to.be.true;
+      expect(sprite.velocity instanceof kontra.vector).to.be.true;
+      expect(sprite.acceleration instanceof kontra.vector).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+    it('should set basic properties of width, height, color, x, and y', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        color: 'red',
+        width: 5,
+        height: 15
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite.x).to.equal(10);
+      expect(sprite.y).to.equal(20);
+      expect(sprite.color).to.equal('red');
+      expect(sprite.width).to.equal(5);
+      expect(sprite.height).to.equal(15);
+      expect(sprite.advance).to.equal(sprite._advanceSprite);
+      expect(sprite.draw).to.equal(sprite._drawRect);
+    });
+
+    it('should set properties of velocity, acceleration, and a different context', function() {
+      var context = {foo: 'bar'};
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        dx: 2,
+        dy: 1,
+        ddx: 0.5,
+        ddy: 0.2,
+        context: context
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite.dx).to.equal(2);
+      expect(sprite.dy).to.equal(1);
+      expect(sprite.ddx).to.equal(0.5);
+      expect(sprite.ddy).to.equal(0.2);
+      expect(sprite.context).to.equal(context);
+    });
+
+    it('should keep the position, velocity, and acceleration vectors in sync', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite();
+
+      sprite.x = 10;
+      sprite.y = 20;
+      sprite.dx = 2;
+      sprite.dy = 1;
+      sprite.ddx = 0.5;
+      sprite.ddy = 0.2;
+
+      expect(sprite.position.x).to.equal(10);
+      expect(sprite.position.y).to.equal(20);
+      expect(sprite.velocity.x).to.equal(2);
+      expect(sprite.velocity.y).to.equal(1);
+      expect(sprite.acceleration.x).to.equal(0.5);
+      expect(sprite.acceleration.y).to.equal(0.2);
+    });
+
+    it('should set the width and height of the sprite to an image if passed', function() {
+      var img = new Image();
+      img.width = 10;
+      img.height = 20;
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        image: img
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite.image).to.equal(img);
+      expect(sprite.width).to.equal(10);
+      expect(sprite.height).to.equal(20);
+      expect(sprite.advance).to.equal(sprite._advanceSprite);
+      expect(sprite.draw).to.equal(sprite._drawImage);
+    });
+
+    it('should set the width and height of the sprite to an animation if passed', function() {
+      // simple animation object from kontra.spriteSheet
+      var animations = {
+        'walk': {
+          width: 10,
+          height: 20
+        }
+      };
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        animations: animations
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite.animations).to.equal(animations);
+      expect(sprite.currentAnimation).to.equal(animations.walk);
+      expect(sprite.width).to.equal(10);
+      expect(sprite.height).to.equal(20);
+      expect(sprite.advance).to.equal(sprite._advanceAnimation);
+      expect(sprite.draw).to.equal(sprite._drawAnimation);
+    });
+
+    it('should set all additional properties on the sprite', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        foo: 'bar',
+        alive: true
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite.foo).to.equal('bar');
+      expect(sprite.alive).to.be.true;
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.sprite.update
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.sprite.update', function() {
+
+    it('should move a rect sprite by its velocity and acceleration', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        dx: 2,
+        dy: 1,
+        ddx: 0.5,
+        ddy: 0.2
+      });
+
+      sprite.update();
+
+      expect(sprite.dx).to.equal(2.5);
+      expect(sprite.dy).to.equal(1.2);
+      expect(sprite.x).to.equal(12.5);
+      expect(sprite.y).to.equal(21.2);
+    });
+
+    it('should move an image sprite by its velocity and acceleration', function() {
+      var img = new Image();
+      img.width = 10;
+      img.height = 20;
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        dx: 2,
+        dy: 1,
+        ddx: 0.5,
+        ddy: 0.2,
+        image: img
+      });
+
+      sprite.update();
+
+      expect(sprite.dx).to.equal(2.5);
+      expect(sprite.dy).to.equal(1.2);
+      expect(sprite.x).to.equal(12.5);
+      expect(sprite.y).to.equal(21.2);
+    });
+
+    it('should move an animation sprite by its velocity and acceleration', function() {
+      // simple animation object from kontra.spriteSheet
+      var animations = {
+        'walk': {
+          width: 10,
+          height: 20,
+          update: kontra.noop
+        }
+      };
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        dx: 2,
+        dy: 1,
+        ddx: 0.5,
+        ddy: 0.2,
+        animations: animations
+      });
+
+      sprite.update();
+
+      expect(sprite.dx).to.equal(2.5);
+      expect(sprite.dy).to.equal(1.2);
+      expect(sprite.x).to.equal(12.5);
+      expect(sprite.y).to.equal(21.2);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.sprite.render
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.sprite.render', function() {
+
+    it('should draw a rect sprite', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+      });
+
+      sinon.stub(sprite.context, 'fillRect', kontra.noop);
+
+      sprite.render();
+
+      expect(sprite.context.fillRect.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      sprite.context.fillRect.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should draw an image sprite', function() {
+      var img = new Image();
+      img.width = 10;
+      img.height = 20;
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        image: img
+      });
+
+      sinon.stub(sprite.context, 'drawImage', kontra.noop);
+
+      sprite.render();
+
+      expect(sprite.context.drawImage.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      sprite.context.drawImage.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should draw an animation sprite', function() {
+      // simple animation object from kontra.spriteSheet
+      var animations = {
+        'walk': {
+          width: 10,
+          height: 20,
+          update: kontra.noop,
+          render: kontra.noop
+        }
+      };
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        animations: animations
+      });
+
+      sinon.stub(sprite.currentAnimation, 'render', kontra.noop);
+
+      sprite.render();
+
+      expect(sprite.currentAnimation.render.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      sprite.currentAnimation.render.restore();
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.sprite.collidesWith
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.sprite.collidesWith', function() {
+
+    it('should correctly detect collision between two objects', function() {
+      var sprite1 = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 20,
+        width: 10,
+        height: 20
+      });
+
+      var sprite2 = kontra.sprite({
+        x: 19,
+        y: 39,
+        width: 10,
+        height: 20
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite1.collidesWith(sprite2)).to.be.true;
+
+      sprite2.x = 10;
+      sprite2.y = 20;
+
+      expect(sprite1.collidesWith(sprite2)).to.be.true;
+
+      sprite2.x = 1;
+      sprite2.y = 1;
+
+      expect(sprite1.collidesWith(sprite2)).to.be.true;
+
+      sprite2.x = 20;
+      sprite2.y = 40;
+
+      expect(sprite1.collidesWith(sprite2)).to.be.false;
+
+      sprite2.x = 0;
+      sprite2.y = 0;
+
+      expect(sprite1.collidesWith(sprite2)).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.sprite.isAlive
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.sprite.isAlive', function() {
+
+    it('should return true when the sprite is alive', function() {
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite();
+
+      expect(sprite.isAlive()).to.be.false;
+
+      sprite.timeToLive = 1;
+
+      expect(sprite.isAlive()).to.be.true;
+
+      sprite.timeToLive = -0;
+
+      expect(sprite.isAlive()).to.be.false;
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.sprite.playAnimation
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.sprite.playAnimation', function() {
+
+    it('should set the animation to play', function() {
+      var animations = {
+        'walk': {
+          width: 10,
+          height: 20
+        },
+        'idle': {
+          width: 10,
+          height: 20
+        }
+      };
+
+      var sprite = kontra.sprite({
+        animations: animations
+      });
+
+      expect(sprite.currentAnimation).to.equal(animations.walk);
+
+      sprite.playAnimation('idle');
+
+      expect(sprite.currentAnimation).to.equal(animations.idle);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/spriteSheet.spec.js b/test/spriteSheet.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..550fb76c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/spriteSheet.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+// --------------------------------------------------
+// kontra.animation
+// --------------------------------------------------
+describe('', function() {
+  var animation;
+
+  beforeEach(function() {
+    animation = kontra.animation({
+      frames: [1,2,3,4],
+      frameRate: 30,
+      spriteSheet: {
+        image: new Image(),
+        framesPerRow: 2,
+        frame: {
+          width: 5,
+          height: 5
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.animation.init
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.animation.init', function() {
+
+    it('should set properties on the animation', function() {
+      expect(animation.frames).to.eql([1,2,3,4]);
+      expect(animation.frameRate).to.equal(30);
+      expect(animation.width).to.equal(5);
+      expect(animation.height).to.equal(5);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.animation.update
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.animation.update', function() {
+
+    it('should not update the current frame if not enough time has passed', function() {
+      animation.update();
+
+      expect(animation.currentFrame).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should take no parameter and update the current frame correctly', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        animation.update();
+      }
+
+      expect(animation.currentFrame).to.equal(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should take dt as a parameter and update the current frame correctly', function() {
+      animation.update(1/30);
+
+      expect(animation.currentFrame).to.equal(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should restart the animation when finished', function() {
+      for (var i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+        animation.update();
+      }
+
+      expect(animation.currentFrame).to.equal(3);
+
+      animation.update();
+
+      expect(animation.currentFrame).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.animation.draw
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.animation.draw', function() {
+
+    it('should draw the spriteSheet at its initial frame', function() {
+      var context = {drawImage: sinon.stub()};
+
+      animation.render({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        context: context
+      });
+
+      expect(context.drawImage.called).to.be.ok;
+      expect(context.drawImage.calledWith(
+        animation.spriteSheet.image,
+        5, 0, 5, 5, 10, 10, 5, 5
+      )).to.be.ok;
+    });
+
+    it('should use the default context', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra.context, 'drawImage');
+
+      animation.render({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10
+      });
+
+      expect(kontra.context.drawImage.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.context.drawImage.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should draw the spriteSheet in the middle of the animation', function() {
+      var context = {drawImage: sinon.stub()};
+
+      animation.currentFrame = 2;
+
+      animation.render({
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        context: context
+      });
+
+      expect(context.drawImage.called).to.be.ok;
+      expect(context.drawImage.calledWith(
+        animation.spriteSheet.image,
+        5, 5, 5, 5, 10, 10, 5, 5
+      )).to.be.ok;
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.animation.stop
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.animation.stop', function() {
+
+    it('should continue the animation', function() {
+      animation.stop();
+
+      expect(animation.update).to.equal(kontra.noop);
+      expect(animation.render).to.equal(kontra.noop);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.animation.pause
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.animation.pause', function() {
+
+    it('should continue the animation', function() {
+      animation.pause();
+
+      expect(animation.update).to.equal(kontra.noop);
+      expect(animation.render).to.equal(animation._draw);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.animation.play
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.animation.play', function() {
+
+    it('should continue the animation', function() {
+      animation.stop();
+      animation.play();
+
+      expect(animation.update).to.equal(animation._advance);
+      expect(animation.render).to.equal(animation._draw);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
+
+
+
+
+
+// --------------------------------------------------
+// kontra.spriteSheet
+// --------------------------------------------------
+describe('', function() {
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.spriteSheet.init
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.spriteSheet.init', function() {
+
+    it('should log an error if no image is provided', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      kontra.spriteSheet();
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize properties on the spriteSheet when passed an image', function() {
+      var spriteSheet = kontra.spriteSheet({
+        image: new Image(100, 200),
+        frameWidth: 10,
+        frameHeight: 10
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.frame.width).to.equal(10);
+      expect(spriteSheet.frame.height).to.equal(10);
+      expect(spriteSheet.framesPerRow).to.equal(10);
+    });
+
+    it('should create animations if passed an animation object', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra.spriteSheet.prototype, 'createAnimations', kontra.noop);
+
+      var spriteSheet = kontra.spriteSheet({
+        image: new Image(100, 200),
+        frameWidth: 10,
+        frameHeight: 10,
+        animations: {}
+      });
+
+      expect(kontra.spriteSheet.prototype.createAnimations.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.spriteSheet.prototype.createAnimations.restore();
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.spriteSheet.createAnimations
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.spriteSheet.createAnimations', function() {
+    var spriteSheet;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      spriteSheet = kontra.spriteSheet({
+        image: new Image(100, 200),
+        frameWidth: 10,
+        frameHeight: 10
+      });
+    })
+
+    it('should log an error if no animations object was passed', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations();
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should log an error if the animations object was empty', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({});
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should log an error if no frames property was passed', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        'walk': {}
+      });
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should accept a single frame', function() {
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: 1
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk).to.exist;
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk.frames).to.eql([1]);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept a string of ascending consecutive frames', function() {
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: '1..5'
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk).to.exist;
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk.frames).to.eql([1,2,3,4,5]);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept a string of descending consecutive frames', function() {
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: '5..1'
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk).to.exist;
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk.frames).to.eql([5,4,3,2,1]);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept an array of consecutive frames', function() {
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: [1,2,3]
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk).to.exist;
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk.frames).to.eql([1,2,3]);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept an array of non-consecutive frames', function() {
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: [1,3,5]
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk).to.exist;
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk.frames).to.eql([1,3,5]);
+    });
+
+    it('should accept a mixture of numbers, strings, and arrays', function() {
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: [1, '2..3', 4, 5, '4..1']
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk).to.exist;
+      expect(spriteSheet.animations.walk.frames).to.eql([1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1]);
+    });
+
+    it('should log an error if passed an improper frames property', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      spriteSheet.createAnimations({
+        walk: {
+          frames: {}
+        }
+      });
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/tileEngine.spec.js b/test/tileEngine.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe111d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/tileEngine.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+// --------------------------------------------------
+// kontra.tileEngine
+// --------------------------------------------------
+describe('', function() {
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.tileEngine.init
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.tileEngine.init', function() {
+
+    it('should log an error if no dimensions are passed', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      kontra.tileEngine();
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should initialize properties on the tile engine', function() {
+      var tileEngine = kontra.tileEngine({
+        tileWidth: 10,
+        tileHeight: 10,
+        width: 100,
+        height: 150
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.mapWidth).to.equal(1000);
+      expect(tileEngine.mapHeight).to.equal(1500);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.tileEngine.addTileset
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.tileEngine.addTileset', function() {
+    var tileEngine;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      tileEngine = kontra.tileEngine({
+        tileWidth: 10,
+        tileHeight: 10,
+        width: 50,
+        height: 50
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should log an error if no image is provided', function() {
+      sinon.stub(kontra, 'logError', kontra.noop);
+
+      tileEngine.addTileset();
+
+      expect(kontra.logError.called).to.be.ok;
+
+      kontra.logError.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should use firstGrid if passed', function() {
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(100, 100),
+        firstGrid: 17
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[0].firstGrid).to.equal(17);
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[0].lastGrid).to.equal(116);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate first and last grid number correctly', function() {
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(100, 100)
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[0].firstGrid).to.equal(1);
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[0].lastGrid).to.equal(100);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate first and last grid number when there is a tileset already added', function() {
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(100, 100)
+      });
+
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(100, 100)
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[1].firstGrid).to.equal(101);
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[1].lastGrid).to.equal(200);
+    });
+
+    it('should calculate first and last grid number correctly for multiple tilesets', function() {
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(200, 200)
+      });
+
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(150, 150)
+      });
+
+      tileEngine.addTileset({
+        image: new Image(32, 64)
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[0].firstGrid).to.equal(1);
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[0].lastGrid).to.equal(400);
+
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[1].firstGrid).to.equal(401);
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[1].lastGrid).to.equal(625);
+
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[2].firstGrid).to.equal(626);
+      expect(tileEngine.tilesets[2].lastGrid).to.equal(643);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.tileEngine.addLayer
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.tileEngine.addLayer', function() {
+    var tileEngine;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      tileEngine = kontra.tileEngine({
+        tileWidth: 10,
+        tileHeight: 10,
+        width: 50,
+        height: 50
+      });
+
+      sinon.stub(kontra.tileEngine.prototype, '_preRenderImage', kontra.noop);
+    });
+
+    afterEach(function() {
+      kontra.tileEngine.prototype._preRenderImage.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should set default properties on the layer', function() {
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0],
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[0]).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[1]).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[2]).to.equal(1);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[3]).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[4]).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should flatten a 2d tile data array', function() {
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test',
+        data: [[0,0],[1,0,0]],
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[0]).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[1]).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[2]).to.equal(1);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[3]).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.layers.test[4]).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should add the tileset in the correct order', function() {
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0],
+        zIndex: 1
+      });
+
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test2',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0],
+        zIndex: -1
+      });
+
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test3',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0],
+        zIndex: 10
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine._layerOrder[0]).to.equal('test2');
+      expect(tileEngine._layerOrder[1]).to.equal('test');
+      expect(tileEngine._layerOrder[2]).to.equal('test3');
+    });
+
+    it('should not order the tileset if it is not being rendered', function() {
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0],
+        render: false
+      });
+
+      expect(tileEngine._layerOrder.length).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.tileEngine.layerCollidesWith
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.tileEngine.layerCollidesWith', function() {
+    var tileEngine;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      tileEngine = kontra.tileEngine({
+        tileWidth: 10,
+        tileHeight: 10,
+        width: 50,
+        height: 50
+      });
+
+      sinon.stub(kontra.tileEngine.prototype, '_preRenderImage', kontra.noop);
+
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0]
+      });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(function() {
+      kontra.tileEngine.prototype._preRenderImage.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should return false if the object does not collide', function() {
+      var collides = tileEngine.layerCollidesWith('test', {
+        x: 10,
+        y: 10,
+        height: 10,
+        width: 10
+      });
+
+      expect(collides).to.equal(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true if the object collides', function() {
+      var collides = tileEngine.layerCollidesWith('test', {
+        x: 25,
+        y: 5,
+        height: 10,
+        width: 10
+      });
+
+      expect(collides).to.equal(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle sprites off the map', function() {
+      var collides = tileEngine.layerCollidesWith('test', {
+        x: 100,
+        y: 100,
+        height: 100,
+        width: 100
+      });
+
+      expect(collides).to.equal(false);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+
+
+
+
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  // kontra.tileEngine.tileAtLayer
+  // --------------------------------------------------
+  describe('kontra.tileEngine.tileAtLayer', function() {
+    var tileEngine;
+
+    beforeEach(function() {
+      tileEngine = kontra.tileEngine({
+        tileWidth: 10,
+        tileHeight: 10,
+        width: 50,
+        height: 50
+      });
+
+      sinon.stub(kontra.tileEngine.prototype, '_preRenderImage', kontra.noop);
+
+      tileEngine.addLayer({
+        name: 'test',
+        data: [0,0,1,0,0]
+      });
+    });
+
+    afterEach(function() {
+      kontra.tileEngine.prototype._preRenderImage.restore();
+    });
+
+    it('should return the correct tile', function() {
+      expect(tileEngine.tileAtLayer('test', 0, 0)).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.tileAtLayer('test', 10, 5)).to.equal(0);
+      expect(tileEngine.tileAtLayer('test', 20, 9)).to.equal(1);
+      expect(tileEngine.tileAtLayer('test', 30, 10)).to.equal(undefined);
+      expect(tileEngine.tileAtLayer('test', 40, 1)).to.equal(0);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file