diff --git a/src/json-block/Block.ts b/src/json-block/Block.ts
index 5c689a702c..f95695d3a1 100644
--- a/src/json-block/Block.ts
+++ b/src/json-block/Block.ts
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ export interface BlockModel<Data, Patch> {
 }
 
 export class BasicBlock<Data, Patch> {
-  public version$: BehaviorSubject<number>;
+  public v$: BehaviorSubject<number>;
 
   constructor(version: number, public readonly model: BlockModel<Data, Patch>) {
-    this.version$ = new BehaviorSubject<number>(version);
+    this.v$ = new BehaviorSubject<number>(version);
   }
 
   public fork(): BasicBlock<Data, Patch> {
-    return new BasicBlock<Data, Patch>(this.version$.getValue(), this.model.fork());
+    return new BasicBlock<Data, Patch>(this.v$.getValue(), this.model.fork());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export class BasicBlock<Data, Patch> {
    * a function to allow for lazy evaluation.
    */
   public data$(): Observable<Data> {
-    return this.version$.pipe(switchMap(() => of(this.model.getData())));
+    return this.v$.pipe(switchMap(() => of(this.model.getData())));
   }
 
   /** Get the latest value of the block. */
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export class BasicBlock<Data, Patch> {
 
   public apply(patch: Patch): void {
     this.model.apply(patch);
-    this.version$.next(this.version$.getValue() + 1);
+    this.v$.next(this.v$.getValue() + 1);
   }
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export class Branch<Data, Patch> {
   public async merge(opts: BranchDependencies<Patch>): Promise<void> {
     try {
       const base = this.base$.getValue();
-      const baseVersion = base.version$.getValue();
+      const baseVersion = base.v$.getValue();
       const batch = [...this.patches];
       this.merging = batch.length;
       const res = await opts.merge(baseVersion, batch);
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatch.ts b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatch.ts
index 704eda057e..401c5083a9 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatch.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatch.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,25 @@
+import {JsonPatchDraft} from './JsonPatchDraft';
 import type {Model} from '../model/Model';
+import type {Operation} from '../../json-patch';
 import type {Patch} from '../../json-crdt-patch/Patch';
-import type {Operation as JsonPatchOperation} from '../../json-patch';
-import {Draft} from '../../json-crdt-patch/Draft';
-import {Op} from '../../json-patch/op';
-import {JsonPatchDraft} from './JsonPatchDraft';
-import {decode} from '../../json-patch/codec/json';
-import type {JsonPatchOptions} from '../../json-patch/types';
 
 export class JsonPatch {
-  constructor(public readonly model: Model) {}
+  protected draft: JsonPatchDraft;
 
-  public createDraft(ops: Op[]): Draft {
-    const draft = new JsonPatchDraft(this.model);
-    draft.applyOps(ops);
-    return draft;
+  constructor(public readonly model: Model) {
+    this.draft = new JsonPatchDraft(this.model);
   }
 
-  public createCrdtPatch(ops: Op[]): Patch {
-    return this.createDraft(ops).patch(this.model.clock);
+  public apply(ops: Operation[]): this {
+    this.draft.applyOps(ops);
+    return this;
   }
 
-  public applyPatch(jsonPatch: JsonPatchOperation[], options: JsonPatchOptions) {
-    const ops = decode(jsonPatch, options);
-    const patch = this.createCrdtPatch(ops);
+  public commit(): Patch {
+    const patch = this.draft.draft.patch(this.model.clock);
     this.model.clock.tick(patch.span());
     this.model.applyPatch(patch);
+    this.draft = new JsonPatchDraft(this.model);
+    return patch;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatchDraft.ts b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatchDraft.ts
index f4086159ad..091d8dc6e0 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatchDraft.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/JsonPatchDraft.ts
@@ -1,33 +1,39 @@
-import type {Model} from '../model';
+import {ArrayType} from '../types/rga-array/ArrayType';
+import {deepEqual} from '../../json-equal/deepEqual';
 import {Draft} from '../../json-crdt-patch/Draft';
-import {Op, OpAdd, OpCopy, OpMove, OpRemove, OpReplace, OpTest} from '../../json-patch/op';
+import {isChild, Path} from '../../json-pointer';
 import {ObjectType} from '../types/lww-object/ObjectType';
-import {ArrayType} from '../types/rga-array/ArrayType';
 import {UNDEFINED_ID} from '../../json-crdt-patch/constants';
-import {isChild, Path} from '../../json-pointer';
-import {deepEqual} from '../../json-equal/deepEqual';
+import {toPath} from '../../json-pointer/util';
+import type {Model} from '../model';
+import type {Operation, OperationAdd, OperationRemove, OperationReplace, OperationMove, OperationCopy, OperationTest, OperationStrIns, OperationStrDel} from '../../json-patch';
 
-export class JsonPatchDraft extends Draft {
-  constructor(public readonly model: Model) {
-    super();
-  }
+export class JsonPatchDraft {
+  public readonly draft = new Draft();
+
+  constructor(public readonly model: Model) {}
 
-  public applyOps(ops: Op[]) {
+  public applyOps(ops: Operation[]): void {
     for (const op of ops) this.applyOp(op);
   }
 
-  public applyOp(op: Op): void {
-    if (op instanceof OpAdd) this.applyOpAdd(op);
-    else if (op instanceof OpRemove) this.applyOpRemove(op);
-    else if (op instanceof OpReplace) this.applyOpReplace(op);
-    else if (op instanceof OpMove) this.applyOpMove(op);
-    else if (op instanceof OpCopy) this.applyOpCopy(op);
-    else if (op instanceof OpTest) this.applyOpTest(op);
+  public applyOp(op: Operation): void {
+    switch(op.op) {
+      case 'add': this.applyOpAdd(op); break;
+      case 'remove': this.applyRemove(op); break;
+      case 'replace': this.applyReplace(op); break;
+      case 'move': this.applyMove(op); break;
+      case 'copy': this.applyCopy(op); break;
+      case 'test': this.applyTest(op); break;
+      case 'str_ins': this.applyStrIns(op); break;
+      case 'str_del': this.applyStrDel(op); break;
+      default: throw new Error('UNKNOWN_OP');
+    }
   }
 
-  public applyOpAdd(op: OpAdd): void {
-    const {builder} = this;
-    const steps = op.path;
+  public applyOpAdd(op: OperationAdd): void {
+    const {builder} = this.draft;
+    const steps = toPath(op.path);
     if (!steps.length) this.setRoot(op.value);
     else {
       const objSteps = steps.slice(0, steps.length - 1);
@@ -54,9 +60,9 @@ export class JsonPatchDraft extends Draft {
     }
   }
 
-  public applyOpRemove(op: OpRemove): void {
-    const {builder} = this;
-    const steps = op.path;
+  public applyRemove(op: OperationRemove): void {
+    const {builder} = this.draft;
+    const steps = toPath(op.path);
     if (!steps.length) this.setRoot(null);
     else {
       const objSteps = steps.slice(0, steps.length - 1);
@@ -76,30 +82,52 @@ export class JsonPatchDraft extends Draft {
     }
   }
 
-  public applyOpReplace(op: OpReplace): void {
+  public applyReplace(op: OperationReplace): void {
     const {path, value} = op;
-    this.applyOpRemove(new OpRemove(path, undefined));
-    this.applyOpAdd(new OpAdd(path, value));
+    this.applyRemove({op: 'remove', path});
+    this.applyOpAdd({op: 'add', path, value});
   }
 
-  public applyOpMove(op: OpMove): void {
-    const {path, from} = op;
+  public applyMove(op: OperationMove): void {
+    const path = toPath(op.path);
+    const from = toPath(op.from);
     if (isChild(from, path)) throw new Error('INVALID_CHILD');
     const json = this.json(from);
-    this.applyOpRemove(new OpRemove(from, undefined));
-    this.applyOpAdd(new OpAdd(path, json));
+    this.applyRemove({op: 'remove', path: from});
+    this.applyOpAdd({op: 'add', path, value: json});
   }
 
-  public applyOpCopy(op: OpCopy): void {
-    const {path, from} = op;
+  public applyCopy(op: OperationCopy): void {
+    const path = toPath(op.path);
+    const from = toPath(op.from);
     const json = this.json(from);
-    this.applyOpAdd(new OpAdd(path, json));
+    this.applyOpAdd({op: 'add', path, value: json});
   }
 
-  public applyOpTest(op: OpTest): void {
-    const {path, value} = op;
+  public applyTest(op: OperationTest): void {
+    const path = toPath(op.path);
     const json = this.json(path);
-    if (!deepEqual(json, value)) throw new Error('TEST');
+    if (!deepEqual(json, op.value)) throw new Error('TEST');
+  }
+
+  public applyStrIns(op: OperationStrIns): void {
+    const path = toPath(op.path);
+    const {node} = this.model.api.str(path);
+    const {builder} = this.draft;
+    const length = node.length();
+    const after = op.pos ? node.findId(length < op.pos ? length - 1 : op.pos - 1) : node.id;
+    builder.insStr(node.id, after, op.str);
+  }
+
+  public applyStrDel(op: OperationStrDel): void {
+    const path = toPath(op.path);
+    const {node} = this.model.api.str(path);
+    const {builder} = this.draft;
+    const length = node.length();
+    if (length <= op.pos) return;
+    const after = node.findId(op.pos);
+    const deletionLength = Math.min(op.len ?? op.str!.length, length - op.pos);
+    builder.del(node.id, after, deletionLength);
   }
 
   private get(steps: Path): unknown {
@@ -127,7 +155,7 @@ export class JsonPatchDraft extends Draft {
   }
 
   private setRoot(json: unknown) {
-    const {builder} = this;
+    const {builder} = this.draft;
     builder.root(builder.json(json));
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.spec.ts
index fbb946cef0..bb2555b137 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.spec.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.spec.ts
@@ -353,10 +353,10 @@ for (const {only, name, doc1, doc2, patches, throws} of testCases) {
     if (doc1 !== undefined) model.api.root(doc1).commit();
     if (throws) {
       expect(() => {
-        for (const patch of patches) jsonPatch.applyPatch(patch, {});
+        for (const patch of patches) jsonPatch.apply(patch).commit();
       }).toThrow(new Error(throws));
     } else {
-      for (const patch of patches) jsonPatch.applyPatch(patch, {});
+      for (const patch of patches) jsonPatch.apply(patch).commit();
       expect(model.toView()).toEqual(doc2);
     }
   });
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.str.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.str.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c6ef02219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/json-patch/__tests__/JsonPatch.str.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import {Operation} from '../../../json-patch';
+import {Model} from '../../model/Model';
+import {JsonPatch} from '../JsonPatch';
+
+interface TestCase {
+  name: string;
+  doc1?: unknown;
+  patches: Operation[][];
+  doc2?: unknown;
+  throws?: string;
+  only?: true;
+}
+
+const testCases: TestCase[] = [
+  {
+    name: 'can insert char in empty string',
+    doc1: '',
+    patches: [[{op: 'str_ins', path: '', pos: 0, str: 'a'}]],
+    doc2: 'a',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert char at the end of string',
+    doc1: '1',
+    patches: [[{op: 'str_ins', path: '', pos: 1, str: '2'}]],
+    doc2: '12',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert char beyond end of string',
+    doc1: '1',
+    patches: [[{op: 'str_ins', path: '', pos: 111, str: '2'}]],
+    doc2: '12',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert char beyond end of string - 2',
+    doc1: '1',
+    patches: [[{op: 'str_ins', path: '', pos: 2, str: '2'}]],
+    doc2: '12',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert char at the beginning of string',
+    doc1: '1',
+    patches: [[{op: 'str_ins', path: '', pos: 0, str: '0'}]],
+    doc2: '01',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert char in the middle of string',
+    doc1: '25',
+    patches: [[{op: 'str_ins', path: '', pos: 1, str: '.'}]],
+    doc2: '2.5',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert text in nested object',
+    doc1: null,
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'add', path: '', value: {foo: [{bar: 'baz'}]}}],
+      [{op: 'str_ins', path: '/foo/0/bar', pos: 3, str: '!'}]
+    ],
+    doc2: {foo: [{bar: 'baz!'}]},
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can insert text in nested object - 2',
+    doc1: null,
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'add', path: '', value: {foo: [{bar: 'baz'}]}}],
+      [{op: 'str_ins', path: ['foo', 0, 'bar'], pos: 3, str: '!'}]
+    ],
+    doc2: {foo: [{bar: 'baz!'}]},
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete a single char',
+    doc1: 'a',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 0, len: 1}]
+    ],
+    doc2: '',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete from already empty string',
+    doc1: '',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 0, len: 1}]
+    ],
+    doc2: '',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete at the end of string',
+    doc1: 'ab',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 1, len: 1}]
+    ],
+    doc2: 'a',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete at the beginning of string',
+    doc1: 'ab',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 0, len: 1}]
+    ],
+    doc2: 'b',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete in the middle of string',
+    doc1: 'abc',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 1, len: 1}]
+    ],
+    doc2: 'ac',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete multiple chars',
+    doc1: '1234',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 1, len: 2}],
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 1, len: 5}],
+    ],
+    doc2: '1',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'handles deletion beyond end of string',
+    doc1: '1234',
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: [], pos: 1111, len: 2}],
+    ],
+    doc2: '1234',
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'can delete a string in object',
+    doc1: {foo: '123'},
+    patches: [
+      [{op: 'str_del', path: '/foo', pos: 1, len: 2}],
+    ],
+    doc2: {foo: '1'},
+  },
+];
+
+for (const {only, name, doc1, doc2, patches, throws} of testCases) {
+  (only ? test.only : test)(name, () => {
+    const model = Model.withLogicalClock();
+    const jsonPatch = new JsonPatch(model);
+    if (doc1 !== undefined) model.api.root(doc1).commit();
+    if (throws) {
+      expect(() => {
+        for (const patch of patches) jsonPatch.apply(patch).commit();
+      }).toThrow(new Error(throws));
+    } else {
+      for (const patch of patches) jsonPatch.apply(patch).commit();
+      expect(model.toView()).toEqual(doc2);
+    }
+  });
+}
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/types/rga-string/StringType.ts b/src/json-crdt/types/rga-string/StringType.ts
index 12d435f5bb..3e29400d67 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/types/rga-string/StringType.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/types/rga-string/StringType.ts
@@ -184,7 +184,10 @@ export class StringType implements JsonNode {
     return size;
   }
 
-  /** String length. */
+  /**
+   * String length.
+   * @todo This could be cached same as .toJson().
+   */
   public length(): number {
     let curr: StringChunk | null = this.start;
     let size: number = 0;