diff --git a/src/json-crdt/history/UndoRedoStack.ts b/src/json-crdt/history/UndoRedoStack.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..526e8f1234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/history/UndoRedoStack.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+export interface UndoItem {
+  undo(): RedoItem;
+}
+
+export interface RedoItem {
+  redo(): UndoItem;
+}
+
+export class UndoRedoStack {
+  private undoStack: UndoItem[] = [];
+  private redoStack: RedoItem[] = [];
+
+  public undoLength(): number {
+    return this.undoStack.length;
+  }
+
+  public redoLength(): number {
+    return this.redoStack.length;
+  }
+
+  public push(undo: UndoItem): RedoItem[] {
+    const redoStack = this.redoStack;
+    this.redoStack = [];
+    this.undoStack.push(undo);
+    return redoStack;
+  }
+
+  public undo(): void {
+    const undo = this.undoStack.pop();
+    if (!undo) return;
+    const redo = undo.undo();
+    this.redoStack.push(redo);
+  }
+
+  public redo(): void {
+    const redo = this.redoStack.pop();
+    if (!redo) return;
+    const undo = redo.redo();
+    this.undoStack.push(undo);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/model/Model.ts b/src/json-crdt/model/Model.ts
index 0d772ee943..6dbcd1872d 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/model/Model.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/model/Model.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ import {JsonCrdtPatchOperation, Patch} from '../../json-crdt-patch/Patch';
 import {ModelApi} from './api/ModelApi';
 import {ORIGIN, SESSION, SYSTEM_SESSION_TIME} from '../../json-crdt-patch/constants';
 import {randomSessionId} from './util';
-import {RootNode, ValNode, VecNode, ObjNode, StrNode, BinNode, ArrNode, BuilderNodeToJsonNode} from '../nodes';
+import {RootNode, ValNode, VecNode, ObjNode, StrNode, BinNode, ArrNode} from '../nodes';
+import {SchemaToJsonNode} from '../schema/types';
 import {printTree} from '../../util/print/printTree';
 import {Extensions} from '../extensions/Extensions';
 import {AvlMap} from '../../util/trees/avl/AvlMap';
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ export class Model<N extends JsonNode = JsonNode<any>> implements Printable {
    * @param schema The schema to set for this model.
    * @returns Strictly typed model.
    */
-  public setSchema<S extends NodeBuilder>(schema: S): Model<BuilderNodeToJsonNode<S>> {
+  public setSchema<S extends NodeBuilder>(schema: S): Model<SchemaToJsonNode<S>> {
     if (this.clock.time < 2) this.api.root(schema);
     return <any>this;
   }
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/model/api/ModelApi.ts b/src/json-crdt/model/api/ModelApi.ts
index c84170098f..c636536fe2 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/model/api/ModelApi.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/model/api/ModelApi.ts
@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@ export class ModelApi<N extends JsonNode = JsonNode> implements SyncStore<JsonNo
    * Locates a `con` node and returns a local changes API for it. If the node
    * doesn't exist or the node at the path is not a `con` node, throws an error.
    *
+   * @todo Rename to `con`.
+   *
    * @param path Path at which to locate a node.
    * @returns A local changes API for a `con` node.
    */
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/nodes/types.ts b/src/json-crdt/nodes/types.ts
index 6afd077f44..fb56284524 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/nodes/types.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/nodes/types.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import type {nodes as builder} from '../../json-crdt-patch';
-import type * as nodes from './nodes';
 import type {Identifiable} from '../../json-crdt-patch/types';
 
 /**
@@ -47,20 +45,3 @@ export interface JsonNode<View = unknown> extends Identifiable {
 }
 
 export type JsonNodeView<N> = N extends JsonNode<infer V> ? V : {[K in keyof N]: JsonNodeView<N[K]>};
-
-// prettier-ignore
-export type BuilderNodeToJsonNode<S> = S extends builder.str<infer T>
-  ? nodes.StrNode<T>
-  : S extends builder.bin
-    ? nodes.BinNode
-    : S extends builder.con<infer T>
-      ? nodes.ConNode<T>
-      : S extends builder.val<infer T>
-        ? nodes.ValNode<BuilderNodeToJsonNode<T>>
-        : S extends builder.vec<infer T>
-          ? nodes.VecNode<{[K in keyof T]: BuilderNodeToJsonNode<T[K]>}>
-          : S extends builder.obj<infer T>
-            ? nodes.ObjNode<{[K in keyof T]: BuilderNodeToJsonNode<T[K]>}>
-            : S extends builder.arr<infer T>
-              ? nodes.ArrNode<BuilderNodeToJsonNode<T>>
-              : JsonNode;
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/schema/__tests__/toSchema.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/schema/__tests__/toSchema.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4850337d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/schema/__tests__/toSchema.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import {NodeBuilder, s, nodes} from '../../../json-crdt-patch';
+import {deepEqual} from '../../../json-equal/deepEqual';
+import {cmpUint8Array} from '../../../util/buffers/cmpUint8Array';
+import {Model} from '../../model';
+import {toSchema} from '../toSchema';
+
+const cmp = (a: NodeBuilder, b: NodeBuilder): boolean => {
+  if (a instanceof nodes.con && b instanceof nodes.con) return deepEqual(a.raw, b.raw);
+  else if (a instanceof nodes.val && b instanceof nodes.val) return cmp(a.value, b.value);
+  else if (a instanceof nodes.obj && b instanceof nodes.obj) {
+    const objAKeys = Object.keys(a.obj);
+    const objBKeys = Object.keys(a.obj);
+    const objALen = objAKeys.length;
+    const objBLen = objBKeys.length;
+    if (objALen !== objBLen) return false;
+    const optAKeys = Object.keys(a.opt || {});
+    const optBKeys = Object.keys(b.opt || {});
+    const optALen = optAKeys.length;
+    const optBLen = optBKeys.length;
+    if (optALen !== optBLen) return false;
+    for (let i = 0; i < objALen; i++) {
+      const key = objAKeys[i];
+      if (!cmp(a.obj[key], b.obj[key])) return false;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < optALen; i++) {
+      const key = optAKeys[i];
+      if (!cmp(a.opt![key], b.opt![key])) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  } else if (a instanceof nodes.vec && b instanceof nodes.vec) {
+    const vecA = a.value;
+    const vecB = b.value;
+    const len = vecA.length;
+    if (len !== vecB.length) return false;
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) if (!cmp(vecA[i], vecA[i])) return false;
+    return true;
+  } else if (a instanceof nodes.str && b instanceof nodes.str) return a.raw === b.raw;
+  else if (a instanceof nodes.bin && b instanceof nodes.bin) return cmpUint8Array(a.raw, b.raw);
+  else if (a instanceof nodes.arr && b instanceof nodes.arr) {
+    const arrA = a.arr;
+    const arrB = b.arr;
+    const len = arrA.length;
+    if (len !== arrB.length) return false;
+    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) if (!cmp(arrA[i], arrB[i])) return false;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
+test('can infer schema of a document nodes', () => {
+  const con = s.con('con');
+  const str = s.str('hello');
+  const obj = s.obj({
+    id: s.con('id'),
+    val: s.val(s.str('world')),
+  });
+  const schema = s.obj({
+    con,
+    str,
+    bin: s.bin(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])),
+    obj,
+    vec: s.vec(s.con(1), s.con({foo: 'bar'})),
+    arr: s.arr([s.con(1), s.con({foo: 'bar'})]),
+  });
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock().setSchema(schema);
+  const node = model.root.node();
+  const schema2 = toSchema(node);
+  expect(cmp(schema, schema2)).toBe(true);
+  const conSchema = toSchema(model.api.const('con').node);
+  expect(cmp(con, conSchema)).toBe(true);
+  expect(cmp(str, conSchema)).toBe(false);
+  const strSchema = toSchema(model.api.str('str').node);
+  expect(cmp(str, strSchema)).toBe(true);
+  expect(cmp(con, strSchema)).toBe(false);
+  const objSchema = toSchema(model.api.obj('obj').node);
+  expect(cmp(obj, objSchema)).toBe(true);
+  expect(cmp(con, objSchema)).toBe(false);
+});
+
+test('can infer schema of a typed model', () => {
+  const schema = s.obj({
+    id: s.con('id'),
+    val: s.val(s.str('world')),
+  });
+  const model = Model.withLogicalClock().setSchema(schema);
+  const schema2 = toSchema(model.root.node());
+  expect(schema2.obj.id).toBeInstanceOf(nodes.con);
+  expect(schema2.obj.val).toBeInstanceOf(nodes.val);
+});
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/schema/__tests__/types.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/schema/__tests__/types.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4eefe5eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/schema/__tests__/types.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import {s} from '../../../json-crdt-patch';
+import {Model} from '../../model';
+import {JsonNodeToSchema, SchemaToJsonNode} from '../types';
+
+describe('can infer schema of JSON CRDT nodes', () => {
+  test('con', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.con(123);
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('val', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.val(s.con(true));
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('obj', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.obj({
+      hello: s.con('world'),
+    });
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('vec', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.vec(s.con(1), s.val(s.con(2)));
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('str', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.str('asdf');
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('bin', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.bin(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('arr', () => {
+    const schema1 = s.arr([s.con(1), s.val(s.con(2))]);
+    const schema2: JsonNodeToSchema<SchemaToJsonNode<typeof schema1>> = schema1;
+  });
+
+  test('from typed model', () => {
+    const model = Model.withLogicalClock().setSchema(
+      s.obj({
+        id: s.con('asdf'),
+        age: s.val(s.con(42)),
+      }),
+    );
+    type Node = ReturnType<typeof model.root.node>;
+    type Schema = JsonNodeToSchema<Node>;
+    const schema: Schema = s.obj({
+      id: s.con('asdf'),
+      age: s.val(s.con(42)),
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/schema/toSchema.ts b/src/json-crdt/schema/toSchema.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c21cb1faf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/schema/toSchema.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import {JsonNode, ConNode, ValNode, ObjNode, VecNode, StrNode, BinNode, ArrNode} from '../nodes';
+import {NodeBuilder, s} from '../../json-crdt-patch';
+import type {JsonNodeToSchema} from './types';
+
+/**
+ * Converts any JSON CRDT node to a schema representation. The schema can be
+ * used to copy the structure of the JSON CRDT node to another document or
+ * another location in the same document.
+ *
+ * @param node JSON CRDT node to recursively convert to schema.
+ * @returns Schema representation of the JSON CRDT node.
+ */
+export const toSchema = <N extends JsonNode<any>>(node: N): JsonNodeToSchema<N> => {
+  if (node instanceof ConNode) return s.con(node.val) as any;
+  if (node instanceof ValNode) return s.val(toSchema(node.node())) as any;
+  if (node instanceof ObjNode) {
+    const obj: Record<string, NodeBuilder> = {};
+    node.nodes((child, key) => (obj[key] = toSchema(child)));
+    return s.obj(obj) as any;
+  }
+  if (node instanceof VecNode) {
+    const arr: NodeBuilder[] = [];
+    node.children((child) => arr.push(toSchema(child)));
+    return s.vec(...arr) as any;
+  }
+  if (node instanceof StrNode) return s.str(node.view()) as any;
+  if (node instanceof BinNode) return s.bin(node.view()) as any;
+  if (node instanceof ArrNode) {
+    const arr: NodeBuilder[] = [];
+    node.children((child) => {
+      if (child) arr.push(toSchema(child));
+    });
+    return s.arr(arr) as any;
+  }
+  return s.con(undefined) as any;
+};
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/schema/types.ts b/src/json-crdt/schema/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01928ae3c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/json-crdt/schema/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import type {nodes as builder} from '../../json-crdt-patch';
+import type * as nodes from '../nodes';
+
+// prettier-ignore
+export type SchemaToJsonNode<S> = S extends builder.str<infer T>
+  ? nodes.StrNode<T>
+  : S extends builder.bin
+    ? nodes.BinNode
+    : S extends builder.con<infer T>
+      ? nodes.ConNode<T>
+      : S extends builder.val<infer T>
+        ? nodes.ValNode<SchemaToJsonNode<T>>
+        : S extends builder.vec<infer T>
+          ? nodes.VecNode<{[K in keyof T]: SchemaToJsonNode<T[K]>}>
+          : S extends builder.obj<infer T>
+            ? nodes.ObjNode<{[K in keyof T]: SchemaToJsonNode<T[K]>}>
+            : S extends builder.arr<infer T>
+              ? nodes.ArrNode<SchemaToJsonNode<T>>
+              : nodes.JsonNode;
+
+// prettier-ignore
+export type JsonNodeToSchema<N> = N extends nodes.StrNode<infer T>
+  ? builder.str<T>
+  : N extends nodes.BinNode
+    ? builder.bin
+    : N extends nodes.ConNode<infer T>
+      ? builder.con<T>
+      : N extends nodes.ValNode<infer T>
+        ? builder.val<JsonNodeToSchema<T>>
+        : N extends nodes.VecNode<infer T>
+          ? builder.vec<{[K in keyof T]: JsonNodeToSchema<T[K]>}>
+          : N extends nodes.ObjNode<infer T>
+            ? builder.obj<{[K in keyof T]: JsonNodeToSchema<T[K]>}>
+            : N extends nodes.ArrNode<infer T>
+              ? builder.arr<JsonNodeToSchema<T>>
+              : builder.con<undefined>;