diff --git a/src/json-crdt/log/Log.ts b/src/json-crdt/log/Log.ts
index 72169a822e..2b968a35a4 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/log/Log.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/log/Log.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import {AvlMap} from 'sonic-forest/lib/avl/AvlMap';
-import {first, next} from 'sonic-forest/lib/util';
+import {first, next, prev} from 'sonic-forest/lib/util';
 import {printTree} from 'tree-dump/lib/printTree';
 import {listToUint8} from '@jsonjoy.com/util/lib/buffers/concat';
+import {cloneBinary} from '@jsonjoy.com/util/lib/json-clone/cloneBinary';
 import {Model} from '../model';
 import {toSchema} from '../schema/toSchema';
 import {
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ export class Log<N extends JsonNode = JsonNode<any>, Metadata extends Record<str
    *
    * @readonly
    */
-  public readonly patches = new AvlMap<ITimestampStruct, Patch>(compare);
+  public patches = new AvlMap<ITimestampStruct, Patch>(compare);
 
   private __onPatch: FanOutUnsubscribe;
   private __onFlush: FanOutUnsubscribe;
@@ -124,7 +125,6 @@ export class Log<N extends JsonNode = JsonNode<any>, Metadata extends Record<str
   public destroy() {
     this.__onPatch();
     this.__onFlush();
-    this.patches.clear();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -182,6 +182,106 @@ export class Log<N extends JsonNode = JsonNode<any>, Metadata extends Record<str
     };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Finds the latest patch for a given session ID.
+   *
+   * @param sid Session ID to find the latest patch for.
+   * @return The latest patch for the given session ID, or `undefined` if no
+   *     such patch exists.
+   */
+  public findMax(sid: number): Patch | undefined {
+    let curr = this.patches.max;
+    while (curr) {
+      if (curr.k.sid === sid) return curr.v;
+      curr = prev(curr);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @returns A deep clone of the log, including the start function, metadata,
+   *     patches, and the end model.
+   */
+  public clone(): Log<N, Metadata> {
+    const start = this.start;
+    const metadata = cloneBinary(this.metadata) as Metadata;
+    const end = this.end.clone();
+    const log = new Log(start, end, metadata);
+    for (const {v} of this.patches.entries()) {
+      const patch = v.clone();
+      const id = patch.getId();
+      if (!id) continue;
+      log.patches.set(id, patch);
+    }
+    return log;
+  }
+
+  // /**
+  //  * Adds a batch of patches to the log, without applying them to the `end`
+  //  * model. It is assumed that the patches are already applied to the `end`
+  //  * model, this method only adds them to the internal patch collection.
+  //  *
+  //  * If you need to apply patches to the `end` model, use `end.applyBatch(batch)`,
+  //  * it will apply them to the model and add them to the log automatically.
+  //  *
+  //  * @param batch Array of patches to add to the log.
+  //  */
+  // public add(batch: Patch[]): void {
+  //   const patches = this.patches;
+  //   for (const patch of batch) {
+  //     const id = patch.getId();
+  //     if (id) patches.set(id, patch);
+  //   }
+  // }
+
+  /**
+   * Rebase a batch of patches on top of the current end of the log, or on top
+   * of the latest patch for a given session ID.
+   *
+   * @param batch A batch of patches to rebase.
+   * @param sid Session ID to find the latest patch for rebasing. If not provided,
+   *     the latest patch in the log is used.
+   * @returns The rebased patches.
+   */
+  public rebaseBatch(batch: Patch[], sid?: number): Patch[] {
+    const rebasePatch = sid ? this.findMax(sid) : this.patches.max?.v;
+    if (!rebasePatch) return batch;
+    const rebaseId = rebasePatch.getId();
+    if (!rebaseId) return batch;
+    let nextTime = rebaseId.time + rebasePatch.span();
+    const rebased: Patch[] = [];
+    const length = batch.length;
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      const patch = batch[i].rebase(nextTime);
+      nextTime += patch.span();
+      rebased.push(patch);
+    }
+    return rebased;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets the log to the state of another log. Consumes all state fron the `to`
+   * log. The `to` log will be destroyed and should not be used after calling
+   * this method.
+   *
+   * If you want to preserve the `to` log, use `.clone()` method first.
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * const log1 = new Log();
+   * const log2 = new Log();
+   * log1.reset(log2.clone());
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param to The log to consume the state from.
+   */
+  public reset(to: Log<N, Metadata>): void {
+    this.start = to.start;
+    this.metadata = to.metadata;
+    this.patches = to.patches;
+    this.end.reset(to.end);
+    to.destroy();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Creates a patch which reverts the given patch. The RGA insertion operations
    * are reversed just by deleting the inserted values. All other operations
diff --git a/src/json-crdt/log/__tests__/Log.spec.ts b/src/json-crdt/log/__tests__/Log.spec.ts
index 9407dd063a..d386a59e0b 100644
--- a/src/json-crdt/log/__tests__/Log.spec.ts
+++ b/src/json-crdt/log/__tests__/Log.spec.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import {deepEqual} from '@jsonjoy.com/util/lib/json-equal/deepEqual';
 import {type DelOp, type InsStrOp, s} from '../../../json-crdt-patch';
 import {Model} from '../../model';
 import {Log} from '../Log';
@@ -119,6 +120,184 @@ describe('.advanceTo()', () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe('.findMax()', () => {
+  test('can advance the log from start', () => {
+    const model = Model.create();
+    const sid0 = model.clock.sid;
+    const sid1 = Model.sid();
+    model.api.set({foo: 'bar'});
+    const log = Log.fromNewModel(model);
+    log.end.api.obj([]).set({x: 1});
+    const patch1 = log.end.api.flush();
+    log.end.setSid(sid1);
+    log.end.api.obj([]).set({y: 2});
+    const patch2 = log.end.api.flush();
+    log.end.setSid(sid0);
+    log.end.api.obj([]).set({foo: 'baz'});
+    const patch3 = log.end.api.flush();
+    const found0 = log.findMax(sid0);
+    const found1 = log.findMax(sid1);
+    const found2 = log.findMax(12345);
+    expect(found0).toBe(patch3);
+    expect(found1).toBe(patch2);
+    expect(found2).toBe(void 0);
+  });
+});
+
+const setupTwoLogs = () => {
+  const model = Model.create({foo: 'bar'});
+  const log1 = Log.fromNewModel(model);
+  log1.metadata = {time: 123};
+  log1.end.api.obj([]).set({x: 1});
+  log1.end.api.flush();
+  log1.end.api.obj([]).set({y: 2});
+  log1.end.api.flush();
+  log1.end.api.obj([]).set({foo: 'baz'});
+  log1.end.api.flush();
+  const log2 = log1.clone();
+  return {log1, log2};
+};
+
+const assertLogsEqual = (log1: Log<any, any>, log2: Log<any, any>) => {
+  expect(log1.start()).not.toBe(log2.start());
+  expect(deepEqual(log1.start().view(), log2.start().view())).toBe(true);
+  expect(log1.start().clock.sid).toEqual(log2.start().clock.sid);
+  expect(log1.start().clock.time).toEqual(log2.start().clock.time);
+  expect(log1.end).not.toBe(log2.end);
+  expect(deepEqual(log1.end.view(), log2.end.view())).toBe(true);
+  expect(log1.end.clock.sid).toEqual(log2.end.clock.sid);
+  expect(log1.end.clock.time).toEqual(log2.end.clock.time);
+  expect(log1.metadata).not.toBe(log2.metadata);
+  expect(deepEqual(log1.metadata, log2.metadata)).toBe(true);
+  expect(log1.patches.size()).toBe(log2.patches.size());
+  expect(log1.patches.min!.v.toBinary()).toEqual(log2.patches.min!.v.toBinary());
+  expect(log1.patches.max!.v.toBinary()).toEqual(log2.patches.max!.v.toBinary());
+  expect(log1.patches.min!.v).not.toBe(log2.patches.min!.v);
+  expect(log1.patches.max!.v).not.toBe(log2.patches.max!.v);
+};
+
+describe('.clone()', () => {
+  test('start model has the same view and clock', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    expect(log1.start()).not.toBe(log2.start());
+    expect(deepEqual(log1.start().view(), log2.start().view())).toBe(true);
+    expect(log1.start().clock.sid).toEqual(log2.start().clock.sid);
+    expect(log1.start().clock.time).toEqual(log2.start().clock.time);
+  });
+
+  test('end model has the same view and clock', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    expect(log1.end).not.toBe(log2.end);
+    expect(deepEqual(log1.end.view(), log2.end.view())).toBe(true);
+    expect(log1.end.clock.sid).toEqual(log2.end.clock.sid);
+    expect(log1.end.clock.time).toEqual(log2.end.clock.time);
+  });
+
+  test('metadata is the same but has different identity', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    expect(log1.metadata).not.toBe(log2.metadata);
+    expect(deepEqual(log1.metadata, log2.metadata)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('patch log is the same', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    expect(log1.patches.size()).toBe(log2.patches.size());
+    expect(log1.patches.min!.v.toBinary()).toEqual(log2.patches.min!.v.toBinary());
+    expect(log1.patches.max!.v.toBinary()).toEqual(log2.patches.max!.v.toBinary());
+    expect(log1.patches.min!.v).not.toBe(log2.patches.min!.v);
+    expect(log1.patches.max!.v).not.toBe(log2.patches.max!.v);
+  });
+
+  test('can evolve logs independently', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    assertLogsEqual(log1, log2);
+    log1.end.api.obj([]).set({a: 1});
+    log1.end.api.flush();
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 1});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2});
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 2});
+    log2.end.api.flush();
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 1});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, b: 2});
+  });
+});
+
+describe('.rebaseBatch()', () => {
+  test('can rebase a concurrent batch onto another log', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    log1.end.api.obj([]).set({a: 1});
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 2});
+    const patch1 = log1.end.api.flush();
+    const patch2 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    expect(patch1.toBinary()).not.toEqual(patch2.toBinary());
+    expect(patch1.getId()?.sid).toBe(patch2.getId()?.sid);
+    expect(patch1.getId()?.time).toBe(patch2.getId()?.time);
+    expect(patch1.span()).toEqual(patch2.span());
+    const [patch3] = log1.rebaseBatch([patch2]);
+    expect(patch1.toBinary()).not.toEqual(patch3.toBinary());
+    expect(patch1.getId()?.sid).toBe(patch3.getId()?.sid);
+    expect(patch1.getId()!.time + patch1.span()).toBe(patch3.getId()?.time);
+    log1.end.applyPatch(patch3);
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 1, b: 2});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, b: 2});
+    expect(() => assertLogsEqual(log1, log2)).toThrow();
+    log2.reset(log1.clone());
+    assertLogsEqual(log1, log2);
+  });
+
+  test('can rebase a concurrent batch onto another log (multiple patches)', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    log1.end.api.obj([]).set({a: 1});
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 2});
+    log1.end.api.flush();
+    const patch2 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    log1.end.api.obj([]).set({a: 2});
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 3});
+    log1.end.api.flush();
+    const patch4 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 3});
+    const patch5 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    const batch2 = [patch2, patch4, patch5];
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 2});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, b: 3});
+    const batch3 = log1.rebaseBatch(batch2);
+    expect(batch3[0].getId()!.time).toBe(log1.end.clock.time);
+    log1.end.applyBatch(batch3);
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 2, b: 3});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, b: 3});
+    expect(() => assertLogsEqual(log1, log2)).toThrow();
+    log2.reset(log1.clone());
+    assertLogsEqual(log1, log2);
+  });
+
+  test('can specify rebase sid', () => {
+    const {log1, log2} = setupTwoLogs();
+    expect(log1.end.clock.sid).toBe(log2.end.clock.sid);
+    log1.end.api.obj([]).set({a: 1});
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 2});
+    log1.end.api.flush();
+    const patch2 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    log1.end.setSid(12345);
+    log1.end.api.obj([]).set({a: 2});
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 3});
+    log1.end.api.flush();
+    const patch4 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    log2.end.api.obj([]).set({b: 3});
+    const patch5 = log2.end.api.flush();
+    const batch2 = [patch2, patch4, patch5];
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 2});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, b: 3});
+    const batch3 = log1.rebaseBatch(batch2, log2.end.clock.sid);
+    expect(batch3[0].getId()!.time).not.toBe(log1.end.clock.time);
+    log1.end.applyBatch(batch3);
+    expect(log1.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, a: 2, b: 3});
+    expect(log2.end.view()).toEqual({foo: 'baz', x: 1, y: 2, b: 3});
+    expect(() => assertLogsEqual(log1, log2)).toThrow();
+    log2.reset(log1.clone());
+    assertLogsEqual(log1, log2);
+  });
+});
+
 describe('.undo()', () => {
   describe('RGA', () => {
     describe('str', () => {