diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/index.ts
index b49a749307..6005604df2 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { ParseResultElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import * as url from '../util/url';
 import File from '../util/File';
 import * as plugins from '../util/plugins';
-import { ReferenceOptions as IReferenceOptions, File as IFile } from '../types';
+import { ReferenceOptions as IReferenceOptions, File as IFile, Parser as IParser } from '../types';
 import { ParserError, UnmatchedResolverError } from '../util/errors';
 import { readFile } from '../resolve/util';
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { readFile } from '../resolve/util';
  * Parses the given file's contents, using the configured parser plugins.
  */
 const parseFile = async (file: IFile, options: IReferenceOptions): Promise<ParseResultElement> => {
-  const parsers = await plugins.filter('canParse', file, options.parse.parsers);
+  const parsers: IParser[] = await plugins.filter('canParse', file, options.parse.parsers);
 
   // we couldn't find any parser for this File
   if (isEmpty(parsers)) {
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts
index 3a53845b3c..33a9ceb7eb 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts
@@ -26,15 +26,12 @@ const ApiDesignSystemsJsonParser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'syntacticAnalysis', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts
index 0b67f64aeb..98329128f3 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts
@@ -26,15 +26,12 @@ const ApiDesignSystemsYamlParser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts
index 4212d5d50e..1f150354af 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts
@@ -22,15 +22,12 @@ const AsyncApiJson2Parser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'syntacticAnalysis', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts
index a6a7660713..e3495c24ee 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts
@@ -22,15 +22,12 @@ const AsyncApiYaml2Parser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts
index 2533a5956b..108b3d35e8 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts
@@ -19,27 +19,22 @@ const BinaryParser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       const hasSupportedFileExtension =
         this.fileExtensions.length === 0 ? true : this.fileExtensions.includes(file.extension);
 
-      if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
-      return typeof file.data === 'string' || ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data);
+      return hasSupportedFileExtension;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
       try {
-        let base64String: string;
-
         /**
          * More information about binary strings and btoa function in following link:
          *   https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/btoa
+         *
+         * @example
+         * ArrayBuffer to base64 conversion:
+         *
+         * const binaryString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, file.data);
+         * base64String = btoa(binaryString);
          */
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          // @ts-ignore
-          const binaryString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, file.data);
-          base64String = btoa(binaryString);
-        } else if (typeof file.data === 'string') {
-          const binaryString = unescape(encodeURIComponent(file.data));
-          base64String = btoa(binaryString);
-        } else {
-          throw new TypeError('file.data is of invalid type. Only Buffer and string is allowed.');
-        }
+        const binaryString = unescape(encodeURIComponent(file.toString()));
+        const base64String = btoa(binaryString);
 
         const parseResultElement = new ParseResultElement();
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts
index a345a011d9..75453418cc 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts
@@ -20,14 +20,19 @@ const BinaryParser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       const hasSupportedFileExtension =
         this.fileExtensions.length === 0 ? true : this.fileExtensions.includes(file.extension);
 
-      if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
-      return typeof file.data === 'string' || ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data);
+      return hasSupportedFileExtension;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
+      let base64String: string;
+
+      try {
+        // @ts-ignore
+        base64String = Buffer.from(file.data).toString('base64');
+      } catch {
+        base64String = Buffer.from(file.toString()).toString('base64');
+      }
+
       try {
-        const base64String = Buffer.isBuffer(file.data)
-          ? file.data.toString('base64')
-          : Buffer.from(file.data).toString('base64');
         const parseResultElement = new ParseResultElement();
 
         if (base64String.length !== 0) {
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts
index b9dbd90bcb..d7c2cdc31b 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts
@@ -22,15 +22,12 @@ const JsonParser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'syntacticAnalysis'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts
index 97e7263f96..45635068e8 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts
@@ -23,15 +23,12 @@ const OpenApiJson3_0Parser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'syntacticAnalysis', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts
index 4411734bdb..03ec0bef2f 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts
@@ -23,15 +23,12 @@ const OpenApiJson3_1Parser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'syntacticAnalysis', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts
index 6f862aef51..6aa8c83245 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts
@@ -23,15 +23,12 @@ const OpenApiYaml3_0Parser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts
index a34fe97149..4861968ba2 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts
@@ -23,15 +23,12 @@ const OpenApiYaml3_1Parser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         const parserOpts = pick(['sourceMap', 'refractorOpts'], this);
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml-1-2/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml-1-2/index.ts
index 7ad3cd21d5..a43d20676a 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml-1-2/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml-1-2/index.ts
@@ -21,15 +21,12 @@ const YamlParser: stampit.Stamp<IParser> = stampit(Parser, {
       if (!hasSupportedFileExtension) return false;
       if (hasSupportedMediaType) return true;
       if (!hasSupportedMediaType) {
-        if (ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data)) {
-          return detect(file.data.toString());
-        }
-        return detect(file.data);
+        return detect(file.toString());
       }
       return false;
     },
     async parse(file: IFile): Promise<ParseResultElement> {
-      const source = ArrayBuffer.isView(file.data) ? file.data.toString() : file.data;
+      const source = file.toString();
 
       try {
         return await parse(source, { sourceMap: this.sourceMap });
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/resolve/util.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/resolve/util.ts
index 513d2005ce..f37ed02b48 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/resolve/util.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/resolve/util.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 import { isEmpty } from 'ramda';
 
-import { File as IFile, ReferenceOptions as IReferenceOptions } from '../types';
+import {
+  File as IFile,
+  ReferenceOptions as IReferenceOptions,
+  Resolver as IResolver,
+} from '../types';
 import * as plugins from '../util/plugins';
 import { ResolverError, UnmatchedResolverError } from '../util/errors';
 
@@ -9,7 +13,7 @@ import { ResolverError, UnmatchedResolverError } from '../util/errors';
  */
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/prefer-default-export
 export const readFile = async (file: IFile, options: IReferenceOptions): Promise<Buffer> => {
-  const resolvers = await plugins.filter('canRead', file, options.resolve.resolvers);
+  const resolvers: IResolver[] = await plugins.filter('canRead', file, options.resolve.resolvers);
 
   // we couldn't find any resolver for this File
   if (isEmpty(resolvers)) {
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/types.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/types.ts
index e4241cd69b..f114137bbf 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/types.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { ParseResultElement, Element } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 export interface File {
   uri: string;
   mediaType: string;
-  data: Buffer | string;
+  data: Buffer | DataView | ArrayBuffer | string;
   parseResult: ParseResultElement;
   readonly extension: string;
 }
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export interface Parser {
   sourceMap: boolean;
   fileExtensions: string[];
   mediaTypes: string[];
+  decoder: TextDecoder;
 
   canParse(file: File): boolean | Promise<boolean>;
   parse(file: File): Promise<ParseResultElement>;
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/src/util/File.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/src/util/File.ts
index 9a62a6b29f..02f0364f15 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/src/util/File.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/src/util/File.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import stampit from 'stampit';
+import { type } from 'ramda';
 import { isString } from 'ramda-adjunct';
 
 import * as url from './url';
@@ -36,6 +37,23 @@ const File: stampit.Stamp<IFile> = stampit({
       }
       return '';
     },
+
+    toString(): string {
+      if (typeof this.data === 'string') {
+        return this.data;
+      }
+
+      if (
+        this.data instanceof ArrayBuffer ||
+        ['ArrayBuffer'].includes(type(this.data)) ||
+        ArrayBuffer.isView(this.data)
+      ) {
+        const textDecoder = new TextDecoder('utf-8');
+        return textDecoder.decode(this.data as Buffer | DataView | ArrayBuffer);
+      }
+
+      return String(this.data);
+    },
   },
 });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts
index 1e0d7e7fe0..143ce13b52 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-json';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import ApiDesignSystemsJsonParser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-json';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('ApiDesignSystemsJsonParser', function () {
@@ -131,21 +130,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an API Design Systems JSON data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.json',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
-            });
-            const parser = ApiDesignSystemsJsonParser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.json"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.json',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
+          });
+          const parser = ApiDesignSystemsJsonParser();
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = parseResult.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts
index d3eb4926cb..0ef5a43c79 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-api-design-systems-yaml';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import ApiDesignSystemsYamlParser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-api-design-systems-yaml';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('ApiDesignSystemsYamlParser', function () {
@@ -152,21 +151,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an API Design Systems YAML data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
-            });
-            const parser = ApiDesignSystemsYamlParser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.yaml"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
+          });
+          const parser = ApiDesignSystemsYamlParser();
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = parseResult.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
@@ -178,10 +174,10 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
             mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
           });
           const parser = ApiDesignSystemsYamlParser();
-          const parsceResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
 
-          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parsceResult));
-          assert.isTrue(parsceResult.isEmpty);
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(parseResult.isEmpty);
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts
index 06c94463c1..27815634a3 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-json-2';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import AsyncApiJson2Parser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-json-2';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('AsyncApiJson2Parser', function () {
@@ -129,21 +128,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an AsyncApi 2.4.0 JSON data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.json',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
-            });
-            const parser = AsyncApiJson2Parser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.json"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.json',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
+          });
+          const parser = AsyncApiJson2Parser();
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = parseResult.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts
index dc9c89eb5a..307e64329d 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-asyncapi-yaml-2';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import AsyncApiYaml2Parser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-asyncapi-yaml-2';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('AsyncApiYaml2Parser', function () {
@@ -153,20 +152,17 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
 
       context('given data that is not an AsyncApi 2.4.0 YAML data', function () {
         specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
-            });
-            const parser = AsyncApiYaml2Parser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.yaml"');
-          }
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
+          });
+          const parser = AsyncApiYaml2Parser();
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = parseResult.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
@@ -178,10 +174,10 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
             mediaType: mediaTypes.latest(),
           });
           const parser = AsyncApiYaml2Parser();
-          const parsceResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
 
-          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parsceResult));
-          assert.isTrue(parsceResult.isEmpty);
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(parseResult.isEmpty);
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c2b92e025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
+import { assert } from 'chai';
+import { StringElement, isParseResultElement, isStringElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+
+import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
+import BinaryParser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-browser';
+
+const textEncoder = new TextEncoder();
+
+describe('parsers', function () {
+  context('BinaryParser - browser', function () {
+    context('canParse', function () {
+      context('given file with .bin extension', function () {
+        specify('should return true', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: textEncoder.encode('data') });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+
+          assert.isTrue(await parser.canParse(file));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('given file with unknown extension', function () {
+        specify('should return true', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: textEncoder.encode('data') });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+
+          assert.isTrue(await parser.canParse(file));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('given file with no extension', function () {
+        specify('should return true', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file', data: textEncoder.encode('data') });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+
+          assert.isTrue(await parser.canParse(file));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('given file with string data', function () {
+        specify('should return true', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: 'data' });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+
+          assert.isTrue(await parser.canParse(file));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('given file with no data', function () {
+        specify('should return true', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: '' });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+
+          assert.isTrue(await parser.canParse(file));
+        });
+      });
+    });
+
+    context('parse', function () {
+      context('given string data', function () {
+        specify('should return parse result', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: 'data' });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(isStringElement(result.result));
+          assert.isTrue(result.result?.equals(Buffer.from('data').toString('base64')));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('given generic JSON data as buffer', function () {
+        specify('should return parse result', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: textEncoder.encode('data') });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(isStringElement(result.result));
+          // @ts-ignore
+          assert.isTrue(result.result?.equals(Buffer.from(file.data).toString('base64')));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('given data that is not recognized', function () {
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: 1 });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+          const stringElement: StringElement = result.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(stringElement.equals(Buffer.from(String(file.data)).toString('base64')));
+        });
+      });
+
+      context('allowEmpty', function () {
+        context('given allowEmpty enabled and empty file provided', function () {
+          specify('should return empty parse result', async function () {
+            const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.json', data: '' });
+            const parser = BinaryParser({ allowEmpty: true });
+            const result = await parser.parse(file);
+
+            assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+            assert.isTrue(result.isEmpty);
+          });
+        });
+
+        context('given allowEmpty disabled and empty file provided', function () {
+          specify('should return empty parse result', async function () {
+            const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.json', data: '' });
+            const parser = BinaryParser({ allowEmpty: false });
+            const result = await parser.parse(file);
+
+            assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+            assert.isTrue(result.isEmpty);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts
similarity index 81%
rename from packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index.ts
rename to packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts
index c8e916431a..18294c6cc8 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isStringElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { StringElement, isParseResultElement, isStringElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import BinaryParser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-binary/index-node';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
-  context('BinaryParser', function () {
+  context('BinaryParser - node', function () {
     context('canParse', function () {
       context('given file with .bin extension', function () {
         specify('should return true', async function () {
@@ -46,11 +45,11 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given file with no data', function () {
-        specify('should return false', async function () {
-          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin' });
+        specify('should return true', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: '' });
           const parser = BinaryParser();
 
-          assert.isFalse(await parser.canParse(file));
+          assert.isTrue(await parser.canParse(file));
         });
       });
     });
@@ -81,17 +80,14 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not recognized', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: 1 });
-            const parser = BinaryParser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.bin"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.bin', data: 1 });
+          const parser = BinaryParser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+          const stringElement: StringElement = result.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(stringElement.equals(Buffer.from(String(file.data)).toString('base64')));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts
index 03a6ee385e..fa97a8daad 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json/index.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { ObjectElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import {
+  NumberElement,
+  ObjectElement,
+  isParseResultElement,
+  isSourceMapElement,
+} from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import JsonParser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-json';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('JsonParser', function () {
@@ -89,17 +93,14 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not a generic JSON data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.json', data: 1 });
-            const parser = JsonParser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.json"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.json', data: 1 });
+          const parser = JsonParser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = result.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts
index 06f815fde4..e9055afdb9 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-0';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import OpenApiJson3_0Parser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-0';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('OpenApiJson3_0Parser', function () {
@@ -129,21 +128,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an OpenApi 3.1.x JSON data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.json',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('json'),
-            });
-            const parser = OpenApiJson3_0Parser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.json"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.json',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('json'),
+          });
+          const parser = OpenApiJson3_0Parser();
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = parseResult.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts
index 92a0d711d3..e9473ba2d9 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-json-3-1';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import OpenApiJson3_1Parser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-json-3-1';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('OpenApiJson3_1Parser', function () {
@@ -129,21 +128,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an OpenApi 3.1.x JSON data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.json',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('json'),
-            });
-            const parser = OpenApiJson3_1Parser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.json"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.json',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('json'),
+          });
+          const parser = OpenApiJson3_1Parser();
+          const parseResult = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = parseResult.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(parseResult));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts
index 739ffb1cf3..c762938267 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-0';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import OpenApiYaml3_0Parser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-0';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('OpenApiYaml3_0Parser', function () {
@@ -160,21 +159,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an OpenApi 3.1.x YAML data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('yaml'),
-            });
-            const parser = OpenApiYaml3_0Parser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.yaml"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('yaml'),
+          });
+          const parser = OpenApiYaml3_0Parser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = result.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts
index a0f92260bb..e059b35412 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1/index.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import { NumberElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 import { mediaTypes } from '@swagger-api/apidom-parser-adapter-openapi-yaml-3-1';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import OpenApiYaml3_1Parser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-openapi-yaml-3-1';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('OpenApiYaml3_1Parser', function () {
@@ -160,21 +159,18 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not an OpenApi 3.1.x YAML data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({
-              uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
-              data: 1,
-              mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('yaml'),
-            });
-            const parser = OpenApiYaml3_1Parser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.yaml"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({
+            uri: '/path/to/file.yaml',
+            data: 1,
+            mediaType: mediaTypes.latest('yaml'),
+          });
+          const parser = OpenApiYaml3_1Parser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = result.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });
 
diff --git a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml/index.ts b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml/index.ts
index c9be1c1694..ce42e009be 100644
--- a/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml/index.ts
+++ b/packages/apidom-reference/test/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml/index.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
 import { assert } from 'chai';
-import { ObjectElement, isParseResultElement, isSourceMapElement } from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
+import {
+  ObjectElement,
+  NumberElement,
+  isParseResultElement,
+  isSourceMapElement,
+} from '@swagger-api/apidom-core';
 
 import File from '../../../../src/util/File';
 import YamlParser from '../../../../src/parse/parsers/apidom-reference-parser-yaml-1-2';
-import { ParserError } from '../../../../src/util/errors';
 
 describe('parsers', function () {
   context('YamlParser', function () {
@@ -98,17 +102,14 @@ describe('parsers', function () {
       });
 
       context('given data that is not a generic YAML data', function () {
-        specify('should throw ParserError', async function () {
-          try {
-            const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.yaml', data: 1 });
-            const parser = YamlParser();
-            await parser.parse(file);
-            assert.fail('should throw ParserError');
-          } catch (error: any) {
-            assert.instanceOf(error.cause, TypeError);
-            assert.instanceOf(error, ParserError);
-            assert.propertyVal(error, 'message', 'Error parsing "/path/to/file.yaml"');
-          }
+        specify('should coerce to string and parse', async function () {
+          const file = File({ uri: '/path/to/file.yaml', data: 1 });
+          const parser = YamlParser();
+          const result = await parser.parse(file);
+          const numberElement: NumberElement = result.get(0);
+
+          assert.isTrue(isParseResultElement(result));
+          assert.isTrue(numberElement.equals(1));
         });
       });