diff --git a/Sources/SwiftFormatPrettyPrint/TokenStreamCreator.swift b/Sources/SwiftFormatPrettyPrint/TokenStreamCreator.swift
index db19638f7..c57bbef68 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftFormatPrettyPrint/TokenStreamCreator.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftFormatPrettyPrint/TokenStreamCreator.swift
@@ -870,6 +870,11 @@ private final class TokenStreamCreator: SyntaxVisitor {
   }
 
   func visit(_ node: MemberDeclListSyntax) -> SyntaxVisitorContinueKind {
+    // This is the same as `insertTokens(_:betweenElementsOf:)`, but testing for an extra condition
+    // on the left-hand element.
+    for item in node.dropLast() where shouldInsertNewline(basedOn: item.semicolon) {
+      after(item.lastToken, tokens: .newline)
+    }
     return .visitChildren
   }
 
@@ -962,6 +967,11 @@ private final class TokenStreamCreator: SyntaxVisitor {
   }
 
   func visit(_ node: CodeBlockItemListSyntax) -> SyntaxVisitorContinueKind {
+    // This is the same as `insertTokens(_:betweenElementsOf:)`, but testing for an extra condition
+    // on the left-hand element.
+    for item in node.dropLast() where shouldInsertNewline(basedOn: item.semicolon) {
+      after(item.lastToken, tokens: .newline)
+    }
     return .visitChildren
   }
 
@@ -2183,6 +2193,21 @@ private final class TokenStreamCreator: SyntaxVisitor {
     return expression is ArrayExprSyntax || expression is DictionaryExprSyntax
       || expression is ClosureExprSyntax
   }
+
+  /// Returns a value indicating whether a statement or member declaration should have a newline
+  /// inserted after it, based on the presence of a semicolon and whether or not the formatter is
+  /// respecting existing newlines.
+  private func shouldInsertNewline(basedOn semicolon: TokenSyntax?) -> Bool {
+    if config.respectsExistingLineBreaks {
+      // If we are respecting existing newlines, then we only want to force a newline at the end of
+      // statements and declarations that don't have a semicolon (i.e., where they are required).
+      return semicolon == nil
+    } else {
+      // If we are not respecting existing newlines, then we always force a newline (this forces
+      // even semicolon-delimited statements onto separate lines).
+      return true
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 extension Syntax {
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests.swift
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c9d4ce8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+import SwiftFormatConfiguration
+
+/// Sanity checks and regression tests for the `respectsExistingLineBreaks` configuration setting
+/// in both true and false states.
+class RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests: PrettyPrintTestCase {
+  func testExpressions() {
+    let input =
+      """
+      a = b + c
+        + d
+        + e + f + g
+        + h + i
+      """
+
+    let expectedRespecting =
+      """
+      a = b + c
+        + d
+        + e + f
+        + g
+        + h + i
+
+      """
+
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: expectedRespecting, linelength: 12,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: true))
+
+    let expectedNotRespecting =
+      """
+      a = b + c + d + e + f + g
+        + h + i
+
+      """
+
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: expectedNotRespecting, linelength: 25,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: false))
+  }
+
+  func testCodeBlocksAndMemberDecls() {
+    let input =
+      """
+      import Module
+      import Other
+
+      struct FitsOnOneLine {
+        var x: Int
+      }
+
+      struct Foo {
+        var storedProperty: Int
+          = 100
+        var readOnlyProperty: Int {
+          return
+            200
+        }
+        var readWriteProperty: Int {
+          get {
+            return
+              somethingElse
+          }
+          set {
+            somethingElse
+              = newValue
+          }
+        }
+
+        func oneLiner() -> Int {
+          return 500
+        }
+        func someFunction(
+          x: Int
+        ) {
+          foo(x)
+          bar(x)
+        }
+      }
+      """
+
+    // No changes expected when respecting existing newlines.
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: input + "\n", linelength: 80,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: true))
+
+    let expectedNotRespecting =
+      """
+      import Module
+      import Other
+
+      struct FitsOnOneLine { var x: Int }
+
+      struct Foo {
+        var storedProperty: Int = 100
+        var readOnlyProperty: Int { return 200 }
+        var readWriteProperty: Int {
+          get { return somethingElse }
+          set { somethingElse = newValue }
+        }
+
+        func oneLiner() -> Int { return 500 }
+        func someFunction(x: Int) {
+          foo(x)
+          bar(x)
+        }
+      }
+
+      """
+
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: expectedNotRespecting, linelength: 80,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: false))
+  }
+
+  func testSemicolons() {
+    let input =
+      """
+      foo(); bar();
+      baz();
+
+      struct Foo {
+        var a: Int; var b: Int;
+        var c: Int;
+      }
+      """
+
+    // When respecting newlines, we should leave semicolon-delimited statements and declarations on
+    // the same line if they were originally like that and likewise preserve newlines after
+    // semicolons if present.
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: input + "\n", linelength: 80,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: true))
+
+    let expectedNotRespecting =
+      """
+      foo();
+      bar();
+      baz();
+
+      struct Foo {
+        var a: Int;
+        var b: Int;
+        var c: Int;
+      }
+
+      """
+
+    // When not respecting newlines every semicolon-delimited statement or declaration should end up
+    // on its own line.
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: expectedNotRespecting, linelength: 80,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: false))
+  }
+
+  func testInvalidBreaksAreAlwaysRejected() {
+    // Verify that newlines in places where a break would not be allowed are removed, regardless of
+    // the configuration setting.
+    let input =
+      """
+      func foo
+        (bar
+          : Int) ->
+        Int {
+        return bar * 2
+      }
+      """
+
+    let expectedRespecting =
+      """
+      func foo(bar: Int) -> Int {
+        return bar * 2
+      }
+
+      """
+
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: expectedRespecting, linelength: 80,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: true))
+
+    let expectedNotRespecting =
+      """
+      func foo(bar: Int) -> Int { return bar * 2 }
+
+      """
+
+    assertPrettyPrintEqual(
+      input: input, expected: expectedNotRespecting, linelength: 80,
+      configuration: configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: false))
+  }
+
+  /// Creates a new configuration with the given value for `respectsExistingLineBreaks` and default
+  /// values for everything else.
+  private func configuration(respectingExistingLineBreaks: Bool) -> Configuration {
+    let config = Configuration()
+    config.respectsExistingLineBreaks = respectingExistingLineBreaks
+    return config
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/XCTestManifests.swift b/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/XCTestManifests.swift
index 0345ccc4a..72fdfea92 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/XCTestManifests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftFormatPrettyPrintTests/XCTestManifests.swift
@@ -396,6 +396,18 @@ extension RepeatStmtTests {
     ]
 }
 
+extension RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests {
+    // DO NOT MODIFY: This is autogenerated, use:
+    //   `swift test --generate-linuxmain`
+    // to regenerate.
+    static let __allTests__RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests = [
+        ("testCodeBlocksAndMemberDecls", testCodeBlocksAndMemberDecls),
+        ("testExpressions", testExpressions),
+        ("testInvalidBreaksAreAlwaysRejected", testInvalidBreaksAreAlwaysRejected),
+        ("testSemicolons", testSemicolons),
+    ]
+}
+
 extension SemiColonTypeTests {
     // DO NOT MODIFY: This is autogenerated, use:
     //   `swift test --generate-linuxmain`
@@ -631,6 +643,7 @@ public func __allTests() -> [XCTestCaseEntry] {
         testCase(OperatorDeclTests.__allTests__OperatorDeclTests),
         testCase(ProtocolDeclTests.__allTests__ProtocolDeclTests),
         testCase(RepeatStmtTests.__allTests__RepeatStmtTests),
+        testCase(RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests.__allTests__RespectsExistingLineBreaksTests),
         testCase(SemiColonTypeTests.__allTests__SemiColonTypeTests),
         testCase(SequenceExprFoldingTests.__allTests__SequenceExprFoldingTests),
         testCase(SomeTypeTests.__allTests__SomeTypeTests),