diff --git a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.cpp b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.cpp
index fc2b17b953d5b..da53d4401b8b4 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "swift/AST/AccessScope.h"
 #include "swift/AST/ClangModuleLoader.h"
 #include "swift/AST/Decl.h"
+#include "swift/AST/Effects.h"
 #include "swift/AST/ExistentialLayout.h"
 #include "swift/AST/GenericEnvironment.h"
 #include "swift/AST/GenericSignature.h"
@@ -930,6 +931,25 @@ static Optional<RequirementMatch> findMissingGenericRequirementForSolutionFix(
   return Optional<RequirementMatch>();
 }
 
+/// Determine the set of effects on a given declaration.
+static PossibleEffects getEffects(ValueDecl *value) {
+  if (auto func = dyn_cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(value)) {
+    PossibleEffects result;
+    if (func->hasThrows())
+      result |= EffectKind::Throws;
+    if (func->hasAsync())
+      result |= EffectKind::Async;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if (auto storage = dyn_cast<AbstractStorageDecl>(value)) {
+    if (auto accessor = storage->getEffectfulGetAccessor())
+      return getEffects(accessor);
+  }
+
+  return PossibleEffects();
+}
+
 RequirementMatch
 swift::matchWitness(WitnessChecker::RequirementEnvironmentCache &reqEnvCache,
                     ProtocolDecl *proto, ProtocolConformance *conformance,
@@ -1107,12 +1127,17 @@ swift::matchWitness(WitnessChecker::RequirementEnvironmentCache &reqEnvCache,
       return RequirementMatch(witness, MatchKind::TypeConflict,
                               witnessType);
 
+    MatchKind matchKind = MatchKind::ExactMatch;
+    if (hasAnyError(optionalAdjustments))
+      matchKind = MatchKind::OptionalityConflict;
+    else if (anyRenaming)
+      matchKind = MatchKind::RenamedMatch;
+    else if (getEffects(witness).containsOnly(getEffects(req)))
+      matchKind = MatchKind::FewerEffects;
+
     // Success. Form the match result.
     RequirementMatch result(witness,
-                            hasAnyError(optionalAdjustments)
-                              ? MatchKind::OptionalityConflict
-                              : anyRenaming ? MatchKind::RenamedMatch
-                                            : MatchKind::ExactMatch,
+                            matchKind,
                             witnessType,
                             reqEnvironment,
                             optionalAdjustments);
@@ -2461,6 +2486,7 @@ diagnoseMatch(ModuleDecl *module, NormalProtocolConformance *conformance,
   auto &diags = module->getASTContext().Diags;
   switch (match.Kind) {
   case MatchKind::ExactMatch:
+  case MatchKind::FewerEffects:
     diags.diagnose(match.Witness, diag::protocol_witness_exact_match,
                    withAssocTypes);
     break;
@@ -5746,7 +5772,7 @@ static void diagnosePotentialWitness(NormalProtocolConformance *conformance,
   auto dc = conformance->getDeclContext();
   auto match = matchWitness(oneUseCache, conformance->getProtocol(),
                             conformance, dc, req, witness);
-  if (match.Kind == MatchKind::ExactMatch &&
+  if (match.isWellFormed() &&
       req->isObjC() && !witness->isObjC()) {
     // Special case: note to add @objc.
     auto diag =
@@ -6431,7 +6457,7 @@ swift::findWitnessedObjCRequirements(const ValueDecl *witness,
         if (matchWitness(reqEnvCache, proto, *conformance,
                          witnessToMatch->getDeclContext(), req,
                          const_cast<ValueDecl *>(witnessToMatch))
-              .Kind == MatchKind::ExactMatch) {
+              .isWellFormed()) {
           if (accessorKind) {
             auto *storageReq = dyn_cast<AbstractStorageDecl>(req);
             if (!storageReq)
diff --git a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.h b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.h
index e66cdcfc9c9c1..c09d67ad3ac78 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.h
+++ b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocol.h
@@ -212,6 +212,9 @@ enum class MatchKind : uint8_t {
   /// The witness matched the requirement exactly.
   ExactMatch,
 
+  /// The witness has fewer effects than the requirement, which is okay.
+  FewerEffects,
+
   /// There is a difference in optionality.
   OptionalityConflict,
 
@@ -488,10 +491,47 @@ struct RequirementMatch {
   /// The matched derivative generic signature.
   GenericSignature DerivativeGenSig;
 
-  /// Determine whether this match is viable.
+  /// Determine whether this match is well-formed, meaning that it is any
+  /// difference determined by requirement matching is acceptable.
+  bool isWellFormed() const {
+    switch(Kind) {
+    case MatchKind::ExactMatch:
+    case MatchKind::FewerEffects:
+      return true;
+
+    case MatchKind::OptionalityConflict:
+    case MatchKind::RenamedMatch:
+    case MatchKind::WitnessInvalid:
+    case MatchKind::Circularity:
+    case MatchKind::KindConflict:
+    case MatchKind::TypeConflict:
+    case MatchKind::MissingRequirement:
+    case MatchKind::StaticNonStaticConflict:
+    case MatchKind::SettableConflict:
+    case MatchKind::PrefixNonPrefixConflict:
+    case MatchKind::PostfixNonPostfixConflict:
+    case MatchKind::MutatingConflict:
+    case MatchKind::NonMutatingConflict:
+    case MatchKind::ConsumingConflict:
+    case MatchKind::RethrowsConflict:
+    case MatchKind::RethrowsByConformanceConflict:
+    case MatchKind::AsyncConflict:
+    case MatchKind::ThrowsConflict:
+    case MatchKind::NonObjC:
+    case MatchKind::MissingDifferentiableAttr:
+    case MatchKind::EnumCaseWithAssociatedValues:
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    llvm_unreachable("Unhandled MatchKind in switch.");
+  }
+
+  /// Determine whether this match is viable, meaning that we could generate
+  /// a witness for it, even though there might be semantic errors.
   bool isViable() const {
     switch(Kind) {
     case MatchKind::ExactMatch:
+    case MatchKind::FewerEffects:
     case MatchKind::OptionalityConflict:
     case MatchKind::RenamedMatch:
       return true;
@@ -525,6 +565,7 @@ struct RequirementMatch {
   bool hasWitnessType() const {
     switch(Kind) {
     case MatchKind::ExactMatch:
+    case MatchKind::FewerEffects:
     case MatchKind::RenamedMatch:
     case MatchKind::TypeConflict:
     case MatchKind::MissingRequirement:
diff --git a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocolInference.cpp b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocolInference.cpp
index b86b6fdcf2d56..6f608aacdb3fe 100644
--- a/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocolInference.cpp
+++ b/lib/Sema/TypeCheckProtocolInference.cpp
@@ -767,8 +767,8 @@ AssociatedTypeInference::inferTypeWitnessesViaValueWitness(ValueDecl *req,
   // Match the witness. If we don't succeed, throw away the inference
   // information.
   // FIXME: A renamed match might be useful to retain for the failure case.
-  if (matchWitness(dc, req, witness, setup, matchTypes, finalize)
-          .Kind != MatchKind::ExactMatch) {
+  if (!matchWitness(dc, req, witness, setup, matchTypes, finalize)
+          .isWellFormed()) {
     inferred.Inferred.clear();
   }
 
diff --git a/test/decl/protocol/async_requirements.swift b/test/decl/protocol/async_requirements.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b85615985c4b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/decl/protocol/async_requirements.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// RUN: %target-typecheck-verify-swift -disable-availability-checking
+
+// Ensure that a protocol with async requirements can be conformed to by
+// non-async requirements, and that overloading works.
+protocol A {
+  func foo()
+  func foo() async
+
+  init()
+  init() async
+
+  var property: Int { get async }
+
+  func bar() throws
+  func bar() async throws
+}
+
+struct A1: A {
+  func foo() { }
+
+  var property: Int = 17
+
+  func bar() { }
+}
+
+struct A2: A {
+  func foo() { }
+  func foo() async { }
+
+  init() { }
+  init() async { }
+
+  var property: Int { get async { 5 } }
+
+  func bar() throws { }
+  func bar() async throws { }
+}