[tailscale1.17] bufio: add Writer.AvailableBuffer

This adds a new Writer.AvailableBuffer method that returns
an empty buffer with a possibly non-empty capacity for use
with append-like APIs.

The typical usage pattern is something like:
	b := bw.AvailableBuffer()
	b = appendValue(b, v)
	bw.Write(b)

It allows logic combining append-like APIs with bufio.Writer to avoid
needing to allocate and manage buffers themselves and allows the
append-like APIs to directly write into the buffer for a bufio.Writer.

Fixes golang#47527

Change-Id: I9cd169f3f8e8c7cd40818caf3daf1944c826fc66
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/345569
Trust: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Run-TryBot: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
(cherry picked from golang.org/cl/345569)

src/bufio/bufio.go

@@ -623,6 +623,14 @@ func (b *Writer) Flush() error {
 // Available returns how many bytes are unused in the buffer.
 func (b *Writer) Available() int { return len(b.buf) - b.n }
 
+// AvailableBuffer returns an empty buffer with b.Available() capacity.
+// This buffer is intended to be appended to and
+// passed to an immediately succeeding Write call.
+// The buffer is only valid until the next write operation on b.
+func (b *Writer) AvailableBuffer() []byte {
+	return b.buf[b.n:][:0]
+}
+
 // Buffered returns the number of bytes that have been written into the current buffer.
 func (b *Writer) Buffered() int { return b.n }
 

src/bufio/bufio_test.go

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"testing/iotest"
@@ -608,6 +610,37 @@ func TestWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriterAppend(t *testing.T) {
+	got := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	var want []byte
+	rn := rand.New(rand.NewSource(0))
+	w := NewWriterSize(got, 64)
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		// Obtain a buffer to append to.
+		b := w.AvailableBuffer()
+		if w.Available() != cap(b) {
+			t.Fatalf("Available() = %v, want %v", w.Available(), cap(b))
+		}
+
+		// While not recommended, it is valid to append to a shifted buffer.
+		// This forces Write to copy the the input.
+		if rn.Intn(8) == 0 && cap(b) > 0 {
+			b = b[1:1:cap(b)]
+		}
+
+		// Append a random integer of varying width.
+		n := int64(rn.Intn(1 << rn.Intn(30)))
+		want = append(strconv.AppendInt(want, n, 10), ' ')
+		b = append(strconv.AppendInt(b, n, 10), ' ')
+		w.Write(b)
+	}
+	w.Flush()
+
+	if !bytes.Equal(got.Bytes(), want) {
+		t.Errorf("output mismatch:\ngot  %s\nwant %s", got.Bytes(), want)
+	}
+}
+
 // Check that write errors are returned properly.
 
 type errorWriterTest struct {

src/bufio/example_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,18 @@ func ExampleWriter() {
 	// Output: Hello, world!
 }
 
+func ExampleWriter_AvailableBuffer() {
+	w := bufio.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
+	for _, i := range []int64{1, 2, 3, 4} {
+		b := w.AvailableBuffer()
+		b = strconv.AppendInt(b, i, 10)
+		b = append(b, ' ')
+		w.Write(b)
+	}
+	w.Flush()
+	// Output: 1 2 3 4
+}
+
 // The simplest use of a Scanner, to read standard input as a set of lines.
 func ExampleScanner_lines() {
 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)