diff --git a/src/box/memtx_engine.c b/src/box/memtx_engine.c
index dfd6fce6e93a..9f079a6b55a9 100644
--- a/src/box/memtx_engine.c
+++ b/src/box/memtx_engine.c
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ memtx_engine_new(const char *snap_dirname, bool force_recovery,
 		    &xlog_opts_default);
 	memtx->snap_dir.force_recovery = force_recovery;
 
-	if (xdir_scan(&memtx->snap_dir) != 0)
+	if (xdir_scan(&memtx->snap_dir, true) != 0)
 		goto fail;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/box/recovery.cc b/src/box/recovery.cc
index d1a503cfc284..cd33e76350a2 100644
--- a/src/box/recovery.cc
+++ b/src/box/recovery.cc
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void
 recovery_scan(struct recovery *r, struct vclock *end_vclock,
 	      struct vclock *gc_vclock)
 {
-	xdir_scan_xc(&r->wal_dir);
+	xdir_scan_xc(&r->wal_dir, true);
 
 	if (xdir_last_vclock(&r->wal_dir, end_vclock) < 0 ||
 	    vclock_compare(end_vclock, &r->vclock) < 0) {
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ recover_remaining_wals(struct recovery *r, struct xstream *stream,
 	struct vclock *clock;
 
 	if (scan_dir)
-		xdir_scan_xc(&r->wal_dir);
+		xdir_scan_xc(&r->wal_dir, true);
 
 	if (xlog_cursor_is_open(&r->cursor)) {
 		/* If there's a WAL open, recover from it first. */
diff --git a/src/box/vy_log.c b/src/box/vy_log.c
index de4c5205c240..d23b1c18ac3b 100644
--- a/src/box/vy_log.c
+++ b/src/box/vy_log.c
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ vy_log_rebootstrap(void)
 int
 vy_log_bootstrap(void)
 {
-	if (xdir_scan(&vy_log.dir) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (xdir_scan(&vy_log.dir, false) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	if (xdir_last_vclock(&vy_log.dir, &vy_log.last_checkpoint) >= 0)
 		return vy_log_rebootstrap();
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ vy_log_begin_recovery(const struct vclock *vclock)
 	 * because vinyl might not be even in use. Complain only
 	 * on an attempt to write a vylog.
 	 */
-	if (xdir_scan(&vy_log.dir) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (xdir_scan(&vy_log.dir, false) < 0)
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (xdir_last_vclock(&vy_log.dir, &vy_log.last_checkpoint) < 0) {
diff --git a/src/box/wal.c b/src/box/wal.c
index 045006b600ea..ea707aa5ee24 100644
--- a/src/box/wal.c
+++ b/src/box/wal.c
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ wal_enable(void)
 	 * existing WAL files. Required for garbage collection,
 	 * see wal_collect_garbage().
 	 */
-	if (xdir_scan(&writer->wal_dir))
+	if (xdir_scan(&writer->wal_dir, true))
 		return -1;
 
 	/* Open the most recent WAL file. */
diff --git a/src/box/xlog.c b/src/box/xlog.c
index 6ccd3d68d392..974f460bea07 100644
--- a/src/box/xlog.c
+++ b/src/box/xlog.c
@@ -487,6 +487,15 @@ xdir_open_cursor(struct xdir *dir, int64_t signature,
  * replication set (see also _cluster system space and vclock.h
  * comments).
  *
+ * @param dir - directory to scan
+ * @param is_dir_required - flag set if the directory should exist
+ *
+ * @return:
+ *   0 - on success or flag 'is_dir_required' was set to False in
+ *   xdir_scan() arguments and opendir() failed with errno ENOENT;
+ *   -1 - if opendir() failed, with other than ENOENT errno either
+ *   when 'is_dir_required' was set to True in xdir_scan() arguments.
+ *
  * This function tries to avoid re-reading a file if
  * it is already in the set of files "known" to the log
  * dir object. This is done to speed up local hot standby and
@@ -508,16 +517,17 @@ xdir_open_cursor(struct xdir *dir, int64_t signature,
  * silence conditions such as out of memory or lack of OS
  * resources.
  *
- * @return nothing.
  */
 int
-xdir_scan(struct xdir *dir)
+xdir_scan(struct xdir *dir, bool is_dir_required)
 {
 	DIR *dh = opendir(dir->dirname);        /* log dir */
 	int64_t *signatures = NULL;             /* log file names */
 	size_t s_count = 0, s_capacity = 0;
 
 	if (dh == NULL) {
+		if (!is_dir_required && errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
 		diag_set(SystemError, "error reading directory '%s'",
 			  dir->dirname);
 		return -1;
diff --git a/src/box/xlog.h b/src/box/xlog.h
index 9ffce598bf31..5b1f42ce145e 100644
--- a/src/box/xlog.h
+++ b/src/box/xlog.h
@@ -185,9 +185,10 @@ xdir_destroy(struct xdir *dir);
  * index with all log files (or snapshots) in the directory.
  * Must be used if it is necessary to find the last log/
  * snapshot or scan through all logs.
+ * Function arguments described in xlog.c source file.
  */
 int
-xdir_scan(struct xdir *dir);
+xdir_scan(struct xdir *dir, bool is_dir_required);
 
 /**
  * Check that a directory exists and is writable.
@@ -821,9 +822,9 @@ xdir_open_cursor(struct xdir *dir, int64_t signature,
 #include "exception.h"
 
 static inline void
-xdir_scan_xc(struct xdir *dir)
+xdir_scan_xc(struct xdir *dir, bool is_dir_required)
 {
-	if (xdir_scan(dir) == -1)
+	if (xdir_scan(dir, is_dir_required) == -1)
 		diag_raise();
 }
 
diff --git a/test/box-tap/gh-4562-errno-at-xdir_scan.test.lua b/test/box-tap/gh-4562-errno-at-xdir_scan.test.lua
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..e6dd68d5428b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/box-tap/gh-4562-errno-at-xdir_scan.test.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env tarantool
+
+local tap = require('tap')
+local test = tap.test('cfg')
+local fio = require('fio')
+test:plan(1)
+
+local tarantool_bin = arg[-1]
+local PANIC = 256
+
+local function run_script(code)
+    local dir = fio.tempdir()
+    local script_path = fio.pathjoin(dir, 'script.lua')
+    local script = fio.open(script_path, {'O_CREAT', 'O_WRONLY', 'O_APPEND'},
+        tonumber('0777', 8))
+    script:write(code)
+    script:write("\nos.exit(0)")
+    script:close()
+    local cmd = [[/bin/sh -c 'cd "%s" && "%s" ./script.lua 2> /dev/null']]
+    local res = os.execute(string.format(cmd, dir, tarantool_bin))
+    fio.rmtree(dir)
+    return res
+end
+
+--
+-- gh-4594: when memtx_dir is not exists, but vinyl_dir exists and
+-- errno is set to ENOENT, box configuration succeeds, however it
+-- should not
+--
+
+-- create vinyl_dir as temporary path
+local vinyl_dir = fio.tempdir()
+
+-- fill vinyl_dir
+run_script(string.format([[
+box.cfg{vinyl_dir = '%s'}
+s = box.schema.space.create('test', {engine = 'vinyl'})
+s:create_index('pk')
+os.exit(0)
+]], vinyl_dir))
+
+-- verify the case described above
+local code = string.format([[
+local errno = require('errno')
+errno(errno.ENOENT)
+box.cfg{vinyl_dir = '%s'}
+os.exit(0)
+]], vinyl_dir)
+test:is(run_script(code), PANIC, "bootstrap with ENOENT from non-empty vinyl_dir")
+
+-- remove vinyl_dir
+fio.rmtree(vinyl_dir)
+
+os.exit(test:check() and 0 or 1)