feat(api): permission types for mobile plugins (#10799)

* feat(api): permission types for mobile plugins

let's have a central place to keep the permission types
ref tauri-apps/plugins-workspace#979

* build

Author: lucasfernog

.changes/api-permissions-plugin.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@tauri-apps/api": patch:enhance
+---
+
+Added `PermissionState`, `checkPermissions` and `requestPermissions` base APIs to the core module, designed for plugin authors to extend.