diff --git a/tensorflow/core/kernels/data/experimental/threadpool_dataset_op.cc b/tensorflow/core/kernels/data/experimental/threadpool_dataset_op.cc
index fae97f270f455e..365376b6c2eef0 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/kernels/data/experimental/threadpool_dataset_op.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/kernels/data/experimental/threadpool_dataset_op.cc
@@ -39,6 +39,22 @@ namespace experimental {
     PrivateThreadPoolDatasetOp::kDatasetType;
 /* static */ constexpr const char* const PrivateThreadPoolDatasetOp::kDatasetOp;
 
+namespace {
+// To prevent integer overflow issues when allocating threadpool memory for an
+// unreasonable number of threads.
+constexpr int kThreadLimit = 65536;
+
+Status ValidateNumThreads(int32_t num_threads) {
+  if (num_threads < 0) {
+    return errors::InvalidArgument("`num_threads` must be >= 0");
+  }
+  if (num_threads >= kThreadLimit) {
+    return errors::InvalidArgument("`num_threads` must be < ", kThreadLimit);
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+}  // namespace
+
 class ThreadPoolResource : public ResourceBase {
  public:
   ThreadPoolResource(Env* env, const ThreadOptions& thread_options,
@@ -83,9 +99,7 @@ class ThreadPoolHandleOp : public OpKernel {
     OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->GetAttr("num_threads", &num_threads_));
     OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->GetAttr("max_intra_op_parallelism",
                                      &max_intra_op_parallelism_));
-    OP_REQUIRES(
-        ctx, num_threads_ > 0,
-        errors::InvalidArgument("`num_threads` must be greater than zero."));
+    OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ValidateNumThreads(num_threads_));
   }
 
   // The resource is deleted from the resource manager only when it is private
@@ -529,8 +543,7 @@ void PrivateThreadPoolDatasetOp::MakeDatasetFromOptions(OpKernelContext* ctx,
                                                         DatasetBase* input,
                                                         int32_t num_threads,
                                                         DatasetBase** output) {
-  OP_REQUIRES(ctx, num_threads >= 0,
-              errors::InvalidArgument("`num_threads` must be >= 0"));
+  OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ValidateNumThreads(num_threads));
   *output = new Dataset(ctx,
                         DatasetContext(DatasetContext::Params(
                             {PrivateThreadPoolDatasetOp::kDatasetType,
@@ -544,8 +557,7 @@ void PrivateThreadPoolDatasetOp::MakeDataset(OpKernelContext* ctx,
   int64_t num_threads = 0;
   OP_REQUIRES_OK(
       ctx, ParseScalarArgument<int64_t>(ctx, "num_threads", &num_threads));
-  OP_REQUIRES(ctx, num_threads >= 0,
-              errors::InvalidArgument("`num_threads` must be >= 0"));
+  OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ValidateNumThreads(num_threads));
   *output = new Dataset(ctx, input, num_threads);
 }