diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 94abc0e0e6..b249dd62ab 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ We use *breaking :warning:* to mark changes that are not backward compatible (re
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- [#3261](https://github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pull/3261) Thanos Store: Use segment files specified in meta.json file, if present. If not present, Store does the LIST operation as before.
+
 ## [v0.16.0](https://github.com/thanos-io/thanos/releases) - Release in progress
 
 ### Fixed
diff --git a/pkg/block/block.go b/pkg/block/block.go
index b2492fbf39..550ebc351f 100644
--- a/pkg/block/block.go
+++ b/pkg/block/block.go
@@ -222,3 +222,21 @@ func IsBlockDir(path string) (id ulid.ULID, ok bool) {
 	id, err := ulid.Parse(filepath.Base(path))
 	return id, err == nil
 }
+
+// GetSegmentFiles returns list of segment files for given block. Paths are relative to the chunks directory.
+// In case of errors, nil is returned.
+func GetSegmentFiles(blockDir string) []string {
+	chunksDir := filepath.Join(blockDir, ChunksDirname)
+
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(chunksDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// ReadDir returns files in sorted order already.
+	var result []string
+	for _, f := range files {
+		result = append(result, f.Name())
+	}
+	return result
+}
diff --git a/pkg/block/index.go b/pkg/block/index.go
index 2551aacd9c..41ac09dad7 100644
--- a/pkg/block/index.go
+++ b/pkg/block/index.go
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ func Repair(logger log.Logger, dir string, id ulid.ULID, source metadata.SourceT
 	if err := rewrite(logger, indexr, chunkr, indexw, chunkw, &resmeta, ignoreChkFns); err != nil {
 		return resid, errors.Wrap(err, "rewrite block")
 	}
+	resmeta.Thanos.SegmentFiles = GetSegmentFiles(resdir)
 	if err := metadata.Write(logger, resdir, &resmeta); err != nil {
 		return resid, err
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/block/metadata/meta.go b/pkg/block/metadata/meta.go
index b57b57722f..c361b703e7 100644
--- a/pkg/block/metadata/meta.go
+++ b/pkg/block/metadata/meta.go
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ type Thanos struct {
 
 	// Source is a real upload source of the block.
 	Source SourceType `json:"source"`
+
+	// List of segment files (in chunks directory), in sorted order. Optional.
+	SegmentFiles []string `json:"segment_files,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type ThanosDownsample struct {
diff --git a/pkg/compact/compact.go b/pkg/compact/compact.go
index 562a4ca336..74e971d39a 100644
--- a/pkg/compact/compact.go
+++ b/pkg/compact/compact.go
@@ -782,9 +782,10 @@ func (cg *Group) compact(ctx context.Context, dir string, comp tsdb.Compactor) (
 	index := filepath.Join(bdir, block.IndexFilename)
 
 	newMeta, err := metadata.InjectThanos(cg.logger, bdir, metadata.Thanos{
-		Labels:     cg.labels.Map(),
-		Downsample: metadata.ThanosDownsample{Resolution: cg.resolution},
-		Source:     metadata.CompactorSource,
+		Labels:       cg.labels.Map(),
+		Downsample:   metadata.ThanosDownsample{Resolution: cg.resolution},
+		Source:       metadata.CompactorSource,
+		SegmentFiles: block.GetSegmentFiles(bdir),
 	}, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, ulid.ULID{}, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to finalize the block %s", bdir)
diff --git a/pkg/compact/compact_e2e_test.go b/pkg/compact/compact_e2e_test.go
index 8effd4f7bb..478d0364ff 100644
--- a/pkg/compact/compact_e2e_test.go
+++ b/pkg/compact/compact_e2e_test.go
@@ -368,6 +368,7 @@ func TestGroup_Compact_e2e(t *testing.T) {
 			// Check thanos meta.
 			testutil.Assert(t, labels.Equal(extLabels, labels.FromMap(meta.Thanos.Labels)), "ext labels does not match")
 			testutil.Equals(t, int64(124), meta.Thanos.Downsample.Resolution)
+			testutil.Assert(t, len(meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles) > 0, "compacted blocks have segment files set")
 		}
 		{
 			meta, ok := others[defaultGroupKey(124, extLabels2)]
@@ -383,6 +384,7 @@ func TestGroup_Compact_e2e(t *testing.T) {
 			// Check thanos meta.
 			testutil.Assert(t, labels.Equal(extLabels2, labels.FromMap(meta.Thanos.Labels)), "ext labels does not match")
 			testutil.Equals(t, int64(124), meta.Thanos.Downsample.Resolution)
+			testutil.Assert(t, len(meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles) > 0, "compacted blocks have segment files set")
 		}
 	})
 }
diff --git a/pkg/compact/downsample/streamed_block_writer.go b/pkg/compact/downsample/streamed_block_writer.go
index 8ea34794bb..8a7a3f4f48 100644
--- a/pkg/compact/downsample/streamed_block_writer.go
+++ b/pkg/compact/downsample/streamed_block_writer.go
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@ func (w *streamedBlockWriter) syncDir() (err error) {
 func (w *streamedBlockWriter) writeMetaFile() error {
 	w.meta.Version = metadata.MetaVersion1
 	w.meta.Thanos.Source = metadata.CompactorSource
+	w.meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles = block.GetSegmentFiles(w.blockDir)
 	w.meta.Stats.NumChunks = w.totalChunks
 	w.meta.Stats.NumSamples = w.totalSamples
 	w.meta.Stats.NumSeries = w.seriesRefs
diff --git a/pkg/objstore/objstore.go b/pkg/objstore/objstore.go
index 61db70b2f7..cdab0925a6 100644
--- a/pkg/objstore/objstore.go
+++ b/pkg/objstore/objstore.go
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ type InstrumentedBucket interface {
 type BucketReader interface {
 	// Iter calls f for each entry in the given directory (not recursive.). The argument to f is the full
 	// object name including the prefix of the inspected directory.
+	// Entries are passed to function in sorted order.
 	Iter(ctx context.Context, dir string, f func(string) error) error
 
 	// Get returns a reader for the given object name.
diff --git a/pkg/shipper/shipper.go b/pkg/shipper/shipper.go
index 30496e43c0..6804f0f2e4 100644
--- a/pkg/shipper/shipper.go
+++ b/pkg/shipper/shipper.go
@@ -358,6 +358,7 @@ func (s *Shipper) upload(ctx context.Context, meta *metadata.Meta) error {
 		meta.Thanos.Labels = lset.Map()
 	}
 	meta.Thanos.Source = s.source
+	meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles = block.GetSegmentFiles(updir)
 	if err := metadata.Write(s.logger, updir, meta); err != nil {
 		return errors.Wrap(err, "write meta file")
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/shipper/shipper_e2e_test.go b/pkg/shipper/shipper_e2e_test.go
index e0383e4432..6ce7620cc8 100644
--- a/pkg/shipper/shipper_e2e_test.go
+++ b/pkg/shipper/shipper_e2e_test.go
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ func TestShipper_SyncBlocks_e2e(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// The external labels must be attached to the meta file on upload.
 			meta.Thanos.Labels = extLset.Map()
+			meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles = []string{"0001", "0002"}
 
 			var buf bytes.Buffer
 			enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
@@ -293,6 +294,7 @@ func TestShipper_SyncBlocksWithMigrating_e2e(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// The external labels must be attached to the meta file on upload.
 			meta.Thanos.Labels = extLset.Map()
+			meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles = []string{"0001", "0002"}
 
 			var buf bytes.Buffer
 			enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
diff --git a/pkg/shipper/shipper_test.go b/pkg/shipper/shipper_test.go
index 59c564df3c..b262dd0626 100644
--- a/pkg/shipper/shipper_test.go
+++ b/pkg/shipper/shipper_test.go
@@ -4,18 +4,24 @@
 package shipper
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"math"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/go-kit/kit/log"
 	"github.com/oklog/ulid"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pkg/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb"
+
+	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/block/metadata"
+	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/objstore"
 	"github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/testutil"
 )
 
@@ -167,3 +173,46 @@ func BenchmarkIterBlockMetas(b *testing.B) {
 	_, err = shipper.blockMetasFromOldest()
 	testutil.Ok(b, err)
 }
+
+func TestShipperAddsSegmentFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "shipper-test")
+	testutil.Ok(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		testutil.Ok(t, os.RemoveAll(dir))
+	}()
+
+	inmemory := objstore.NewInMemBucket()
+
+	lbls := []labels.Label{{Name: "test", Value: "test"}}
+	s := New(nil, nil, dir, inmemory, func() labels.Labels { return lbls }, metadata.TestSource, false, false)
+
+	id := ulid.MustNew(1, nil)
+	blockDir := path.Join(dir, id.String())
+	chunksDir := path.Join(blockDir, block.ChunksDirname)
+	testutil.Ok(t, os.MkdirAll(chunksDir, os.ModePerm))
+
+	// Prepare minimal "block" for shipper (meta.json, index, one segment file).
+	testutil.Ok(t, metadata.Write(log.NewNopLogger(), path.Join(dir, id.String()), &metadata.Meta{
+		BlockMeta: tsdb.BlockMeta{
+			ULID:    id,
+			MaxTime: 2000,
+			MinTime: 1000,
+			Version: 1,
+			Stats: tsdb.BlockStats{
+				NumSamples: 1000, // Not really, but shipper needs nonzero value.
+			},
+		},
+	}))
+	testutil.Ok(t, ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(blockDir, "index"), []byte("index file"), 0666))
+	segmentFile := "00001"
+	testutil.Ok(t, ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(chunksDir, segmentFile), []byte("hello world"), 0666))
+
+	uploaded, err := s.Sync(context.Background())
+	testutil.Ok(t, err)
+	testutil.Equals(t, 1, uploaded)
+
+	meta, err := block.DownloadMeta(context.Background(), log.NewNopLogger(), inmemory, id)
+	testutil.Ok(t, err)
+
+	testutil.Equals(t, []string{segmentFile}, meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/store/bucket.go b/pkg/store/bucket.go
index 61ca8fb1d9..188cbbe140 100644
--- a/pkg/store/bucket.go
+++ b/pkg/store/bucket.go
@@ -1330,7 +1330,17 @@ func newBucketBlock(
 	})
 	sort.Sort(b.relabelLabels)
 
-	// Get object handles for all chunk files.
+	// Get object handles for all chunk files (segment files) from meta.json, if available.
+	if len(meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles) > 0 {
+		b.chunkObjs = make([]string, 0, len(meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles))
+
+		for _, sf := range meta.Thanos.SegmentFiles {
+			b.chunkObjs = append(b.chunkObjs, path.Join(meta.ULID.String(), block.ChunksDirname, sf))
+		}
+		return b, nil
+	}
+
+	// Get object handles for all chunk files from storage.
 	if err = bkt.Iter(ctx, path.Join(meta.ULID.String(), block.ChunksDirname), func(n string) error {
 		b.chunkObjs = append(b.chunkObjs, n)
 		return nil
@@ -1367,6 +1377,11 @@ func (b *bucketBlock) readChunkRange(ctx context.Context, seq int, off, length i
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "allocate chunk bytes")
 	}
+
+	if seq < 0 || seq >= len(b.chunkObjs) {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown segment file for index %d", seq)
+	}
+
 	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(*c)
 
 	r, err := b.bkt.GetRange(ctx, b.chunkObjs[seq], off, length)
diff --git a/pkg/testutil/e2eutil/prometheus.go b/pkg/testutil/e2eutil/prometheus.go
index 447d65425f..046a55e656 100644
--- a/pkg/testutil/e2eutil/prometheus.go
+++ b/pkg/testutil/e2eutil/prometheus.go
@@ -473,7 +473,8 @@ func createBlock(
 		return id, errors.Errorf("nothing to write, asked for %d samples", numSamples)
 	}
 
-	if _, err = metadata.InjectThanos(log.NewNopLogger(), filepath.Join(dir, id.String()), metadata.Thanos{
+	blockDir := filepath.Join(dir, id.String())
+	if _, err = metadata.InjectThanos(log.NewNopLogger(), blockDir, metadata.Thanos{
 		Labels:     extLset.Map(),
 		Downsample: metadata.ThanosDownsample{Resolution: resolution},
 		Source:     metadata.TestSource,