diff --git a/basic/let.cpp b/basic/let.cpp
index 5f672b0..cb562af 100644
--- a/basic/let.cpp
+++ b/basic/let.cpp
@@ -237,16 +237,9 @@ void assignStrRecreate(Recreator &recreator, RpnItemPtr &rpnItem)
 	Code code {rpnItem->token()->code()};
 	if (recreator.table().hasFlag(code, SubStr_Flag))
 	{
-		// for sub-string assignments, get original sub-string function code
-		std::string name {recreator.table().name(code)};
-		Code subStrCode = Table::find(name);
-		// check multiple flag to see if sub-string code is correct code
-		if (recreator.table().hasFlag(code, Multiple_Flag))
-		{
-			subStrCode++;  // move to next code
-		}
-		recreator.pushWithOperands(std::move(name),
-			recreator.table().operandCount(subStrCode));
+		// for sub-string assignments, treat as function to recreate
+		recreator.pushWithOperands(std::string{recreator.table().name(code)},
+			recreator.table().operandCount(code));
 	}
 
 	// deterine if assignment is an sub-string assignment keep code
diff --git a/ibcp.h b/ibcp.h
index b70a4f9..9f8b3e2 100644
--- a/ibcp.h
+++ b/ibcp.h
@@ -271,22 +271,6 @@ enum Code
 	Function_Code
 };
 
-// code operator in-line functions for additional, increment and decrement
-inline Code operator +(Code code, int number)
-{
-	return (Code)((int)code + number);
-}
-
-inline Code operator ++(Code &code)
-{
-	return code = code + 1;
-}
-
-inline Code operator ++(Code &code, int)
-{
-	return code = code + 1;
-}
-
 
 // miscellenous constant definitions
 constexpr int HighestPrecedence {127};	// highest precedence value
diff --git a/table.cpp b/table.cpp
index c5b6b9c..c4436be 100644
--- a/table.cpp
+++ b/table.cpp
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ static Code Add_AssocCode[]				= {
 	AddInt_Code, CatStr_Code, AddI2_Code
 };
 static Code AddInt_AssocCode[]			= {AddI1_Code};
+static Code Asc_AssocCode[]				= {Asc2_Code};
 static Code Assign_AssocCode[]			= {
 	AssignInt_Code, AssignStr_Code, AssignList_Code
 };
@@ -168,6 +169,7 @@ static Code InputAssign_AssocCode[]		= {
 };
 static Code InputAssignInt_AssocCode[]	= {InputParseInt_Code};
 static Code InputAssignStr_AssocCode[]	= {InputParseStr_Code};
+static Code Instr_AssocCode[]			= {Instr3_Code};
 static Code Left_AssocCode[]			= {AssignLeft_Code};
 static Code Lt_AssocCode[]				= {
 	LtInt_Code, LtStr_Code, LtI2_Code
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ static Code LtEq_AssocCode[]			= {
 	LtEqInt_Code, LtEqStr_Code, LtEqI2_Code
 };
 static Code LtEqInt_AssocCode[]			= {LtEqI1_Code};
-static Code Mid2_AssocCode[]			= {AssignMid2_Code};
+static Code Mid2_AssocCode[]			= {AssignMid2_Code, Mid3_Code};
 static Code Mid3_AssocCode[]			= {AssignMid3_Code};
 static Code Mod_AssocCode[]				= {ModInt_Code, ModI2_Code};
 static Code ModInt_AssocCode[]			= {ModI1_Code};
@@ -583,7 +585,9 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 	{	// Asc_Code
 		Token::Type::IntFuncP,
 		"ASC(", "", "",
-		Multiple_Flag, 2, &Int_Str_ExprInfo, DataType{},
+		Multiple_Flag, 2,
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::Integer, Operands(Str), AssocCode(Asc)),
+		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, internalFunctionRecreate
 	},
 	{	// Asc2_Code
@@ -601,7 +605,9 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 	{	// Instr2_Code
 		Token::Type::IntFuncP,
 		"INSTR(", "2", "",
-		Multiple_Flag, 2, &Int_StrStr_ExprInfo, DataType{},
+		Multiple_Flag, 2,
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::Integer, Operands(StrStr), AssocCode(Instr)),
+		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, internalFunctionRecreate
 	},
 	{	// Instr3_Code
@@ -614,7 +620,7 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::IntFuncP,
 		"LEFT$(", "", "",
 		SubStr_Flag, 2,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode2(Left, -1)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode(Left)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, internalFunctionRecreate
 	},
@@ -628,7 +634,7 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::IntFuncP,
 		"MID$(", "2", "",
 		Multiple_Flag | SubStr_Flag, 2,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode2(Mid2, -1)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode2(Mid2, 1)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, internalFunctionRecreate
 	},
@@ -636,8 +642,8 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::IntFuncP,
 		"MID$(", "3", "",
 		SubStr_Flag, 2,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrIntInt),
-		AssocCode2(Mid3, -1)), DataType{},
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrIntInt), AssocCode(Mid3)),
+		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, internalFunctionRecreate
 	},
 	{	// Repeat_Code
@@ -650,7 +656,7 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::IntFuncP,
 		"RIGHT$(", "", "",
 		SubStr_Flag, 2,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode2(Right, -1)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode(Right)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, internalFunctionRecreate
 	},
@@ -816,7 +822,7 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"=", "Assign", "LET",
 		Reference_Flag, 4,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::Double, Operands(DblDbl), AssocCode2(Assign, 2)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::Double, Operands(Dbl), AssocCode2(Assign, 2)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignRecreate
 	},
@@ -824,14 +830,14 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"=", "Assign%", "LET",
 		Reference_Flag, 4,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::Integer, Operands(IntInt), AssocCode(AssignInt)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::Integer, Operands(Int), AssocCode(AssignInt)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignStr_Code
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"=", "Assign$", "LET",
-		Reference_Flag, 4, new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrStr),
+		Reference_Flag, 4, new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(Str),
 		AssocCode2(AssignStr, 1)), DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignStrRecreate
 	},
@@ -839,7 +845,7 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"LEFT$(", "Assign", "LET",
 		Reference_Flag | SubStr_Flag, 4,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrStr), AssocCode(AssignLeft)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode(AssignLeft)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignStrRecreate
 	},
@@ -847,7 +853,7 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"MID$(", "Assign2", "LET",
 		Reference_Flag | SubStr_Flag, 4,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrStr), AssocCode(AssignMid2)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt), AssocCode(AssignMid2)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignStrRecreate
 	},
@@ -855,39 +861,42 @@ static TableEntry tableEntries[] =
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"MID$(", "Assign3", "LET",
 		Reference_Flag | SubStr_Flag | Multiple_Flag, 4,
-		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrStr), AssocCode(AssignMid3)),
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrIntInt),
+		AssocCode(AssignMid3)),
 		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignStrRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignRight_Code
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"RIGHT$(", "Assign", "LET",
-		Reference_Flag | SubStr_Flag, 4, new ExprInfo(DataType::String,
-		Operands(StrStr), AssocCode(AssignRight)), DataType{},
+		Reference_Flag | SubStr_Flag, 4,
+		new ExprInfo(DataType::String, Operands(StrInt),
+		AssocCode(AssignRight)),
+		DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignStrRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignList_Code
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"=", "AssignList", "LET",
-		Reference_Flag, 4, &Dbl_DblDbl_ExprInfo, DataType{},
+		Reference_Flag, 4, &Dbl_Dbl_ExprInfo, DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignListInt_Code
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"=", "AssignList%", "LET",
-		Reference_Flag, 4, &Int_IntInt_ExprInfo, DataType{},
+		Reference_Flag, 4, &Int_Int_ExprInfo, DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignListStr_Code
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"=", "AssignList$", "LET",
-		Reference_Flag, 4, &Str_StrStr_ExprInfo, DataType{},
+		Reference_Flag, 4, &Str_Str_ExprInfo, DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignKeepStr_Code
 		Token::Type::Operator,
 		"", "AssignKeep$", "LET",
-		Reference_Flag | Keep_Flag, 4, &Str_StrStr_ExprInfo, DataType{},
+		Reference_Flag | Keep_Flag, 4, &Str_Str_ExprInfo, DataType{},
 		NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, assignStrRecreate
 	},
 	{	// AssignKeepLeft_Code
@@ -1938,10 +1947,6 @@ bool Table::setTokenCode(TokenPtr token, Code code, DataType dataType,
 	{
 		// if not, see if data type of any associated code matches
 		int i {secondAssociatedIndex(code)};
-		if (i < 0)  // if second index -1, then no associated codes to search
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
 		// determine range of associated codes to search
 		int end {associatedCodeCount(code)};
 		if (operandIndex == 0 && i != 0)  // first operand?
diff --git a/token.h b/token.h
index 0b0249b..7e24106 100644
--- a/token.h
+++ b/token.h
@@ -169,10 +169,6 @@ class Token
 	{
 		m_code = code;
 	}
-	Code nextCode(void)
-	{
-		return ++m_code;
-	}
 	bool isCode(Code code) const
 	{
 		return code == m_code;
diff --git a/translator.cpp b/translator.cpp
index e1a81b8..276ac63 100644
--- a/translator.cpp
+++ b/translator.cpp
@@ -616,8 +616,9 @@ void Translator::processInternalFunction(Reference reference)
 					// function doesn't have multiple entries
 					throw TokenError {Status::ExpOpOrParen, m_token};
 				}
-				// move to next code; update code and last operand index
-				code = topToken->nextCode();
+				// get second associated code; update code and last operand
+				code = m_table.secondAssociatedCode(topToken->code());
+				topToken->setCode(code);
 				lastOperand = m_table.operandCount(code) - 1;
 			}
 			m_token.reset();  // delete comma token, it's not needed