diff --git a/.unreleased/bugfix_6044 b/.unreleased/bugfix_6044
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9270ad46fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.unreleased/bugfix_6044
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fixes: #6044 Server crash when using duplicate segmentby column
diff --git a/tsl/src/compression/create.c b/tsl/src/compression/create.c
index 0e7da55ffea..117cb4ea97c 100644
--- a/tsl/src/compression/create.c
+++ b/tsl/src/compression/create.c
@@ -245,6 +245,14 @@ compresscolinfo_init(CompressColInfo *cc, Oid srctbl_relid, List *segmentby_cols
 					 errhint("The timescaledb.compress_segmentby option must reference a valid "
 							 "column.")));
 		}
+
+		/* Check if a column is duplicated in segment by column list. */
+		if (segorder_colindex[col_attno - 1] != 0)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+					 errmsg("duplicate column name \"%s\"", NameStr(col->colname)),
+					 errhint("The timescaledb.compress_segmentby option must reference distinct "
+							 "column.")));
 		segorder_colindex[col_attno - 1] = i++;
 	}
 	/* the column indexes are numbered as seg_attnolen + <orderby_index>
diff --git a/tsl/test/expected/compression_errors.out b/tsl/test/expected/compression_errors.out
index a3bf686d4d6..11d5b2d9659 100644
--- a/tsl/test/expected/compression_errors.out
+++ b/tsl/test/expected/compression_errors.out
@@ -195,6 +195,9 @@ HINT:  The option timescaledb.compress_segmentby must be a set of columns separa
 ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_orderby = 'a, p');
 ERROR:  invalid ordering column type point
 DETAIL:  Could not identify a less-than operator for the type.
+ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'b, b');
+ERROR:  duplicate column name "b"
+HINT:  The timescaledb.compress_segmentby option must reference distinct column.
 --should succeed
 ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_orderby = 'a, b');
 --ddl on ht with compression
diff --git a/tsl/test/sql/compression_errors.sql b/tsl/test/sql/compression_errors.sql
index bd75af50c8b..1b4ca57875c 100644
--- a/tsl/test/sql/compression_errors.sql
+++ b/tsl/test/sql/compression_errors.sql
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'ran
 ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'c LIMIT 1');
 ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'c + b');
 ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_orderby = 'a, p');
+ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_segmentby = 'b, b');
 
 --should succeed
 ALTER TABLE foo set (timescaledb.compress, timescaledb.compress_orderby = 'a, b');