Optimize planning times when hypertables have many chunks

This planner optimization reduces planning times when a hypertable has many chunks.
It does this by expanding hypertable chunks manually, eliding the `expand_inherited_tables`
logic used by PG.

Slow planning time were previously seen because `expand_inherited_tables` expands all chunks of
a hypertable, without regard to constraints present in the query. Then, `get_relation_info` is
the called on all chunks before constraint exclusion. Getting the statistics an many chunks ends
up being expensive because RelationGetNumberOfBlocks has to open the file for each relation.
This gets even worse under high concurrency.

This logic solves this by expanding only the chunks needed to fulfil the query instead of all chunks.
In effect, it moves chunk exclusion up in the planning process. But, we actually don't use constraint
exclusion here, but rather a variant of range exclusion implemented
by HypertableRestrictInfo.

src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@ set(HEADERS
   hypertable_cache.h
   hypertable.h
   hypertable_insert.h
+  hypertable_restrict_info.h
   indexing.h
-  parse_rewrite.h
   partitioning.h
   planner_utils.h
+  planner_import.h
+  plan_expand_hypertable.h
   process_utility.h
   scanner.h
   subspace_store.h
@@ -93,13 +95,14 @@ set(SOURCES
   hypertable.c
   hypertable_cache.c
   hypertable_insert.c
+  hypertable_restrict_info.c
   indexing.c
   init.c
-  parse_analyze.c
-  parse_rewrite.c
   partitioning.c
   planner.c
+  planner_import.c
   planner_utils.c
+  plan_expand_hypertable.c
   process_utility.c
   scanner.c
   sort_transform.c

src/chunk.c

@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ chunk_is_complete(ChunkScanCtx *scanctx, Chunk *chunk)
 	if (scanctx->space->num_dimensions != chunk->constraints->num_dimension_constraints)
 		return false;
 
-	scanctx->data = chunk;
+	scanctx->data = lappend(scanctx->data, chunk);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -772,10 +772,21 @@ chunk_is_complete(ChunkScanCtx *scanctx, Chunk *chunk)
 static Chunk *
 chunk_scan_ctx_get_chunk(ChunkScanCtx *ctx)
 {
-	ctx->data = NULL;
+	ctx->data = NIL;
 
 	chunk_scan_ctx_foreach_chunk(ctx, chunk_is_complete, 1);
 
+	return (ctx->data == NIL ? NULL : linitial(ctx->data));
+}
+
+/* Finds all chunks that have a complete set of constraints. */
+static List *
+chunk_scan_ctx_get_chunk_list(ChunkScanCtx *ctx)
+{
+	ctx->data = NIL;
+
+	chunk_scan_ctx_foreach_chunk(ctx, chunk_is_complete, 0);
+
 	return ctx->data;
 }
 
@@ -837,6 +848,51 @@ chunk_find(Hyperspace *hs, Point *p)
 	return chunk;
 }
 
+List *
+chunk_find_all_oids(Hyperspace *hs, List *dimension_vecs, LOCKMODE lockmode)
+{
+	List	   *chunk_list,
+			   *oid_list = NIL;
+	ChunkScanCtx ctx;
+	ListCell   *lc;
+
+	/* The scan context will keep the state accumulated during the scan */
+	chunk_scan_ctx_init(&ctx, hs, NULL);
+
+	/* Do not abort the scan when one chunk is found */
+	ctx.early_abort = false;
+
+	/* Scan all dimensions for slices enclosing the point */
+	foreach(lc, dimension_vecs)
+	{
+		DimensionVec *vec = lfirst(lc);
+
+		dimension_slice_and_chunk_constraint_join(&ctx, vec);
+	}
+
+	/* Get a list of chunks that each have N matching dimension constraints */
+	chunk_list = chunk_scan_ctx_get_chunk_list(&ctx);
+
+	chunk_scan_ctx_destroy(&ctx);
+
+	foreach(lc, chunk_list)
+	{
+		Chunk	   *chunk = lfirst(lc);
+
+		/* Fill in the rest of the chunk's data from the chunk table */
+		chunk_fill_stub(chunk, false);
+
+		/* chunk constraints left unfilled */
+
+		if (lockmode != NoLock)
+			LockRelationOid(chunk->table_id, lockmode);
+
+		oid_list = lappend_oid(oid_list, chunk->table_id);
+	}
+
+	return oid_list;
+}
+
 Chunk *
 chunk_copy(Chunk *chunk)
 {

src/chunk.h

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ extern Chunk *chunk_create(Hypertable *ht, Point *p, const char *schema, const c
 extern Chunk *chunk_create_stub(int32 id, int16 num_constraints);
 extern void chunk_free(Chunk *chunk);
 extern Chunk *chunk_find(Hyperspace *hs, Point *p);
+extern List *chunk_find_all_oids(Hyperspace *hs, List *dimension_vecs, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 extern Chunk *chunk_copy(Chunk *chunk);
 extern Chunk *chunk_get_by_name(const char *schema_name, const char *table_name, int16 num_constraints, bool fail_if_not_found);
 extern Chunk *chunk_get_by_relid(Oid relid, int16 num_constraints, bool fail_if_not_found);

src/constraint_aware_append.c

@@ -420,11 +420,14 @@ constraint_aware_append_path_create(PlannerInfo *root, Hypertable *ht, Path *sub
 			break;
 	}
 
-	appinfo = linitial(root->append_rel_list);
-	relid = root->simple_rte_array[appinfo->child_relid]->relid;
+	if (list_length(root->append_rel_list) > 1)
+	{
+		appinfo = linitial(root->append_rel_list);
+		relid = root->simple_rte_array[appinfo->child_relid]->relid;
 
-	if (relid == ht->main_table_relid)
-		root->append_rel_list = list_delete_first(root->append_rel_list);
+		if (relid == ht->main_table_relid)
+			root->append_rel_list = list_delete_first(root->append_rel_list);
+	}
 
 	return &path->cpath.path;
 }

src/dimension_slice.c

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 #include <utils/rel.h>
 #include <catalog/indexing.h>
 #include <funcapi.h>
+#include <utils/lsyscache.h>
+#include <catalog/pg_opfamily.h>
+#include <catalog/pg_type.h>
 
 #include "catalog.h"
 #include "dimension_slice.h"
@@ -166,6 +169,84 @@ dimension_slice_scan_limit(int32 dimension_id, int64 coordinate, int limit)
 	return dimension_vec_sort(&slices);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Look for all ranges where value > lower_bound and value < upper_bound
+ *
+ */
+DimensionVec *
+dimension_slice_scan_range_limit(int32 dimension_id, StrategyNumber start_strategy, int64 start_value, StrategyNumber end_strategy, int64 end_value, int limit)
+{
+	ScanKeyData scankey[3];
+	DimensionVec *slices = dimension_vec_create(limit > 0 ? limit : DIMENSION_VEC_DEFAULT_SIZE);
+	int			nkeys = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Perform an index scan for slices matching the dimension's ID and which
+	 * enclose the coordinate.
+	 */
+	ScanKeyInit(&scankey[0], Anum_dimension_slice_dimension_id_range_start_range_end_idx_dimension_id,
+				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_INT4EQ, Int32GetDatum(dimension_id));
+	if (start_strategy != InvalidStrategy)
+	{
+		Oid			opno = get_opfamily_member(INTEGER_BTREE_FAM_OID, INT8OID, INT8OID, start_strategy);
+		Oid			proc = get_opcode(opno);
+
+		Assert(OidIsValid(proc));
+
+		ScanKeyInit(&scankey[nkeys++],
+					Anum_dimension_slice_dimension_id_range_start_range_end_idx_range_start,
+					start_strategy,
+					proc,
+					Int64GetDatum(start_value));
+	}
+	if (end_strategy != InvalidStrategy)
+	{
+		Oid			opno = get_opfamily_member(INTEGER_BTREE_FAM_OID, INT8OID, INT8OID, end_strategy);
+		Oid			proc = get_opcode(opno);
+
+		Assert(OidIsValid(proc));
+
+		/*
+		 * range_end is stored as exclusive, so add 1 to the value being
+		 * searched. Also avoid overflow
+		 */
+		if (end_value != PG_INT64_MAX)
+		{
+			end_value++;
+
+			/*
+			 * If getting as input INT64_MAX-1, need to remap the incremented
+			 * value back to INT64_MAX-1
+			 */
+			end_value = REMAP_LAST_COORDINATE(end_value);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			/*
+			 * The point with INT64_MAX gets mapped to INT64_MAX-1 so
+			 * incrementing that gets you to INT_64MAX
+			 */
+			end_value = PG_INT64_MAX;
+		}
+
+		ScanKeyInit(&scankey[nkeys++],
+					Anum_dimension_slice_dimension_id_range_start_range_end_idx_range_end,
+					end_strategy,
+					proc,
+					Int64GetDatum(end_value));
+	}
+
+	dimension_slice_scan_limit_internal(DIMENSION_SLICE_DIMENSION_ID_RANGE_START_RANGE_END_IDX,
+										scankey,
+										nkeys,
+										dimension_vec_tuple_found,
+										&slices,
+										limit,
+										AccessShareLock);
+
+	return dimension_vec_sort(&slices);
+}
+
 /*
  * Scan for slices that collide/overlap with the given range.
  *
@@ -408,13 +489,15 @@ dimension_slice_cut(DimensionSlice *to_cut, DimensionSlice *other, int64 coord)
 	{
 		/* Cut "before" the coordinate */
 		to_cut->fd.range_start = other->fd.range_end;
+
 		return true;
 	}
 	else if (other->fd.range_start > coord &&
 			 other->fd.range_start < to_cut->fd.range_end)
 	{
 		/* Cut "after" the coordinate */
 		to_cut->fd.range_end = other->fd.range_start;
+
 		return true;
 	}
 

src/dimension_slice.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ typedef struct DimensionVec DimensionVec;
 typedef struct Hypercube Hypercube;
 
 extern DimensionVec *dimension_slice_scan_limit(int32 dimension_id, int64 coordinate, int limit);
+extern DimensionVec *dimension_slice_scan_range_limit(int32 dimension_id, StrategyNumber start_strategy, int64 start_value, StrategyNumber end_strategy, int64 end_value, int limit);
 extern DimensionVec *dimension_slice_collision_scan_limit(int32 dimension_id, int64 range_start, int64 range_end, int limit);
 extern Hypercube *dimension_slice_point_scan(Hyperspace *space, int64 point[]);
 extern DimensionSlice *dimension_slice_scan_for_existing(DimensionSlice *slice);