diff --git a/fickling/analysis.py b/fickling/analysis.py
index 8113801..f20bf76 100644
--- a/fickling/analysis.py
+++ b/fickling/analysis.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import sys
-from typing import Optional, TextIO, Tuple
+from typing import Optional, Set, TextIO, Tuple
 
 if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
     from astunparse import unparse
 else:
     from ast import unparse
 
-from .pickle import Pickled, Interpreter
+from .pickle import Pickled, Proto, Interpreter
 
 
 def check_safety(pickled: Pickled, stdout: Optional[TextIO] = None, stderr: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> bool:
@@ -33,6 +33,36 @@ def shorten_code(ast_node) -> Tuple[str, bool]:
         reported_shortened_code.add(shortened_code)
         return shortened_code, was_already_reported
 
+    had_proto = False
+    proto_versions: Set[int] = set()
+    for i, opcode in enumerate(pickled):
+        if isinstance(opcode, Proto):
+            if had_proto:
+                likely_safe = False
+                if i == 2:
+                    suffix = "rd"
+                elif i == 1:
+                    suffix = "nd"
+                elif i == 0:
+                    suffix = "st"
+                else:
+                    suffix = "th"
+                if opcode.version in proto_versions:
+                    stdout.write(f"The {i+1}{suffix} opcode is a duplicate PROTO, which is unusual and may be "
+                                 f"indicative of a tampered pickle\n")
+                else:
+                    stdout.write(f"The {i+1}{suffix} opcode is a duplicate PROTO with a different version than "
+                                 f"reported in the previous PROTO opcode, which is almost certainly a sign of a "
+                                 f"tampered pickle\n")
+            else:
+                had_proto = True
+            if opcode.version >= 2 and i > 0:
+                likely_safe = False
+                stdout.write(f"The protocol version is {opcode.version}, but the PROTO opcode is not the first "
+                             f"opcode in the pickle, as required for versions 2 and later; this may be "
+                             f"indicative of a tampered pickle\n")
+            proto_versions.add(opcode.version)
+
     for node in pickled.non_standard_imports():
         likely_safe = False
         shortened, already_reported = shorten_code(node)
diff --git a/fickling/pickle.py b/fickling/pickle.py
index 8340ed7..0f3e4d9 100644
--- a/fickling/pickle.py
+++ b/fickling/pickle.py
@@ -416,15 +416,21 @@ def insert_python(
         # and then either immediately call the `eval` with a `Reduce` opcode (the default)
         # or optionally insert the `Reduce` at the end (and hope that the existing code cleans up its stack so it
         # remains how we left it! TODO: Add code to emulate the code afterward and confirm that the stack is sane!
-        self.insert(0, Global.create(module, attr))
-        self.insert(1, Mark())
-        i = 1
-        for arg in args:
+        i = 0
+        while isinstance(self[i], (Proto, Frame)):
             i += 1
+        self.insert(i, Global.create(module, attr))
+        i += 1
+        self.insert(i, Mark())
+        i += 1
+        for arg in args:
             self.insert(i, ConstantOpcode.new(arg))
-        self.insert(i + 1, Tuple())
+            i += 1
+        self.insert(i, Tuple())
+        i += 1
         if run_first:
-            self.insert(i + 2, Reduce())
+            self.insert(i, Reduce())
+            i += 1
             if use_output_as_unpickle_result:
                 self.insert(-1, Pop())
         else:
@@ -729,6 +735,23 @@ def __str__(self):
 class Proto(NoOp):
     name = "PROTO"
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(version: int) -> "Proto":
+        return Proto(version)
+
+    def encode_body(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes([self.version])
+
+    @property
+    def version(self) -> int:
+        if self.arg is None:
+            return 0
+        elif isinstance(self.arg, int):
+            return self.arg
+        else:
+            # Endianness shouldn't really matter here because there is only one byte for the version
+            return int.from_bytes(self.arg, "big", signed=False)
+
 
 class Global(Opcode):
     name = "GLOBAL"
diff --git a/test/test_pickle.py b/test/test_pickle.py
index 3febb96..90eb530 100644
--- a/test/test_pickle.py
+++ b/test/test_pickle.py
@@ -112,3 +112,11 @@ def test_unused_variables(self):
         self.assertEqual(len(unused), 1)
         self.assertIn("_var0", unused)
         self.assertFalse(check_safety(loaded))
+
+    def test_duplicate_proto(self):
+        pickled = dumps([1, 2, 3, 4])
+        loaded = Pickled.load(pickled)
+        self.assertTrue(check_safety(loaded))
+        loaded.insert(-1, fpickle.Proto.create(1))
+        loaded.insert(-1, fpickle.Proto.create(2))
+        self.assertFalse(check_safety(loaded))