diff --git a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ThreadsController.php b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ThreadsController.php
index 90ea35b5..d5a61b9c 100644
--- a/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ThreadsController.php
+++ b/app/Http/Controllers/Auth/ThreadsController.php
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ class ThreadsController extends SocialController
     protected array $scopes = [
         'threads_basic',
         'threads_content_publish',
-        'threads_manage_replies',
-        'threads_read_replies',
     ];
 
     public function connect(Request $request): Response|RedirectResponse
diff --git a/app/Jobs/PublishToSocialPlatform.php b/app/Jobs/PublishToSocialPlatform.php
index d09c6a21..5834671e 100644
--- a/app/Jobs/PublishToSocialPlatform.php
+++ b/app/Jobs/PublishToSocialPlatform.php
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public function handle(): void
 
             $this->postPlatform->markAsFailed($e->getMessage());
             $this->postPlatform->socialAccount->markAsDisconnected($e->getMessage());
-        } catch (\Exception $e) {
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             Log::error('Failed to publish to social platform', [
                 'post_platform_id' => $this->postPlatform->id,
                 'platform' => $this->postPlatform->platform->value,
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/FacebookPublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/FacebookPublisher.php
index ac6adde4..3af810f1 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/FacebookPublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/FacebookPublisher.php
@@ -48,10 +48,14 @@ public function publish(PostPlatform $postPlatform): array
         };
     }
 
-    private function publishPost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishPost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         // Text only post
         if ($media->isEmpty()) {
+            if (empty($content)) {
+                throw new \Exception('Facebook text posts require content. Please add text to your post.');
+            }
+
             return $this->publishTextPost($pageId, $accessToken, $content);
         }
 
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ private function publishTextPost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $co
         ];
     }
 
-    private function publishSingleImagePost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishSingleImagePost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Facebook publishing single image post', ['page_id' => $pageId]);
 
@@ -128,7 +132,7 @@ private function publishSingleImagePost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, str
         ];
     }
 
-    private function publishMultiImagePost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $content, $mediaCollection): array
+    private function publishMultiImagePost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $mediaCollection): array
     {
         Log::info('Facebook publishing multi-image post', [
             'page_id' => $pageId,
@@ -194,7 +198,7 @@ private function publishMultiImagePost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, stri
         ];
     }
 
-    private function publishVideoPost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishVideoPost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Facebook publishing video post', ['page_id' => $pageId]);
 
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ private function publishVideoPost(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $c
         ];
     }
 
-    private function publishReel(string $pageId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishReel(string $pageId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Facebook publishing reel', ['page_id' => $pageId]);
 
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/InstagramPublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/InstagramPublisher.php
index 55c75ac1..63202ffa 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/InstagramPublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/InstagramPublisher.php
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public function publish(PostPlatform $postPlatform): array
         };
     }
 
-    private function publishSingleImage(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishSingleImage(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Instagram publishing single image', ['instagram_id' => $instagramId, 'image_url' => $media->url]);
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ private function publishSingleImage(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, st
         return $this->publishContainer($instagramId, $accessToken, $containerId);
     }
 
-    private function publishReel(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishReel(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Instagram publishing reel', ['instagram_id' => $instagramId]);
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ private function publishStory(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, $media):
         return $this->publishContainer($instagramId, $accessToken, $containerId);
     }
 
-    private function publishCarousel(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, string $content, $mediaCollection): array
+    private function publishCarousel(string $instagramId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $mediaCollection): array
     {
         Log::info('Instagram publishing carousel', [
             'instagram_id' => $instagramId,
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPagePublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPagePublisher.php
index 35776824..3860fab7 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPagePublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPagePublisher.php
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ private function retryWithRefresh(PostPlatform $postPlatform, TokenExpiredExcept
         }
     }
 
-    private function publishPost(string $organizationUrn, string $content, $media, $account): array
+    private function publishPost(string $organizationUrn, ?string $content, $media, $account): array
     {
         $payload = [
             'author' => $organizationUrn,
-            'commentary' => $content,
+            'commentary' => $content ?? '',
             'visibility' => 'PUBLIC',
             'distribution' => [
                 'feedDistribution' => 'MAIN_FEED',
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ private function publishPost(string $organizationUrn, string $content, $media, $
         ];
     }
 
-    private function publishCarousel(string $organizationUrn, string $content, $mediaCollection, $account): array
+    private function publishCarousel(string $organizationUrn, ?string $content, $mediaCollection, $account): array
     {
         Log::info('LinkedIn Page publishing carousel', [
             'owner' => $organizationUrn,
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ private function publishCarousel(string $organizationUrn, string $content, $medi
 
         $payload = [
             'author' => $organizationUrn,
-            'commentary' => $content,
+            'commentary' => $content ?? '',
             'visibility' => 'PUBLIC',
             'distribution' => [
                 'feedDistribution' => 'MAIN_FEED',
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPublisher.php
index 914549b1..2eb4255b 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/LinkedInPublisher.php
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ private function retryWithRefresh(PostPlatform $postPlatform, TokenExpiredExcept
         }
     }
 
-    private function publishPost(string $personUrn, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishPost(string $personUrn, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         $payload = [
             'author' => $personUrn,
-            'commentary' => $content,
+            'commentary' => $content ?? '',
             'visibility' => 'PUBLIC',
             'distribution' => [
                 'feedDistribution' => 'MAIN_FEED',
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ private function publishPost(string $personUrn, string $content, $media): array
         ];
     }
 
-    private function publishCarousel(string $personUrn, string $content, $mediaCollection): array
+    private function publishCarousel(string $personUrn, ?string $content, $mediaCollection): array
     {
         Log::info('LinkedIn publishing carousel', [
             'owner' => $personUrn,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ private function publishCarousel(string $personUrn, string $content, $mediaColle
 
         $payload = [
             'author' => $personUrn,
-            'commentary' => $content,
+            'commentary' => $content ?? '',
             'visibility' => 'PUBLIC',
             'distribution' => [
                 'feedDistribution' => 'MAIN_FEED',
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisher.php
index 03b908a9..967377e8 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisher.php
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ public function publish(PostPlatform $postPlatform): array
 
         // Text only post
         if ($media->isEmpty()) {
+            if (empty($postPlatform->content)) {
+                throw new \Exception('Threads text posts require content. Please add text to your post.');
+            }
+
             return $this->publishTextPost($userId, $accessToken, $postPlatform->content);
         }
 
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ private function publishTextPost(string $userId, string $accessToken, string $co
         return $this->publishContainer($userId, $accessToken, $containerId);
     }
 
-    private function publishImagePost(string $userId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishImagePost(string $userId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Threads publishing image post', ['user_id' => $userId, 'image_url' => $media->url]);
 
@@ -122,7 +126,7 @@ private function publishImagePost(string $userId, string $accessToken, string $c
         return $this->publishContainer($userId, $accessToken, $containerId);
     }
 
-    private function publishVideoPost(string $userId, string $accessToken, string $content, $media): array
+    private function publishVideoPost(string $userId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $media): array
     {
         Log::info('Threads publishing video post', ['user_id' => $userId]);
 
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ private function publishVideoPost(string $userId, string $accessToken, string $c
         return $this->publishContainer($userId, $accessToken, $containerId);
     }
 
-    private function publishCarousel(string $userId, string $accessToken, string $content, $mediaCollection): array
+    private function publishCarousel(string $userId, string $accessToken, ?string $content, $mediaCollection): array
     {
         Log::info('Threads publishing carousel', [
             'user_id' => $userId,
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/TikTokPublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/TikTokPublisher.php
index effbfb1c..9db2c492 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/TikTokPublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/TikTokPublisher.php
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ private function publishVideo(PostPlatform $postPlatform, $media): array
         $response = $this->getHttpClient()
             ->post("{$this->baseUrl}/post/publish/video/init/", [
                 'post_info' => [
-                    'title' => $postPlatform->content,
+                    'title' => $postPlatform->content ?? '',
                     'privacy_level' => 'SELF_ONLY',
                     'disable_duet' => false,
                     'disable_comment' => false,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ private function publishPhotos(PostPlatform $postPlatform, $mediaCollection): ar
         $response = $this->getHttpClient()
             ->post("{$this->baseUrl}/post/publish/content/init/", [
                 'post_info' => [
-                    'title' => $postPlatform->content,
+                    'title' => $postPlatform->content ?? '',
                     'privacy_level' => 'SELF_ONLY',
                     'disable_comment' => false,
                 ],
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/XPublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/XPublisher.php
index d52d2e88..025dc888 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/XPublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/XPublisher.php
@@ -37,9 +37,11 @@ public function publish(PostPlatform $postPlatform): array
 
         $this->accessToken = $account->access_token;
 
-        $data = [
-            'text' => $postPlatform->content,
-        ];
+        $data = [];
+
+        if (! empty($postPlatform->content)) {
+            $data['text'] = $postPlatform->content;
+        }
 
         $mediaIds = [];
         $media = $postPlatform->media;
@@ -69,6 +71,10 @@ public function publish(PostPlatform $postPlatform): array
             ];
         }
 
+        if (empty($data['text']) && empty($mediaIds)) {
+            throw new \Exception('X posts require either text or media. Please add content to your post.');
+        }
+
         Log::info('Posting tweet', ['data' => $data]);
 
         $response = $this->getHttpClient()
diff --git a/app/Services/Social/YouTubePublisher.php b/app/Services/Social/YouTubePublisher.php
index a375bcba..b0f98458 100644
--- a/app/Services/Social/YouTubePublisher.php
+++ b/app/Services/Social/YouTubePublisher.php
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ private function getHttpClient(): PendingRequest
 
     private function publishShort(PostPlatform $postPlatform, $media): array
     {
+        if (empty($postPlatform->content)) {
+            throw new \Exception('YouTube Shorts require a title. Please add text to your post.');
+        }
+
         $title = $this->buildTitle($postPlatform->content);
         $description = $postPlatform->content;
 
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/FacebookPublisherTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/FacebookPublisherTest.php
index 5871893a..8c567b1b 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/FacebookPublisherTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/FacebookPublisherTest.php
@@ -327,3 +327,35 @@
     expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
         ->toThrow(Exception::class, 'Unsupported media type for Facebook');
 });
+
+test('facebook publisher throws exception for text post with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
+        ->toThrow(\Exception::class, 'Facebook text posts require content');
+});
+
+test('facebook publisher can publish single image with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'image',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-image.jpg',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.jpg',
+        'mime_type' => 'image/jpeg',
+        'size' => 12345,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.facebook.com/v24.0/page_123/photos' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'photo-123',
+            'post_id' => 'post-123',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('post-123');
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/InstagramPublisherTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/InstagramPublisherTest.php
index 7e4bbc83..aa93d95d 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/InstagramPublisherTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/InstagramPublisherTest.php
@@ -470,6 +470,145 @@
         ->toThrow(Exception::class, 'Failed to create any carousel items');
 });
 
+test('instagram publisher can publish single image with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'image',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-image.jpg',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.jpg',
+        'mime_type' => 'image/jpeg',
+        'size' => 12345,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'container-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/container-123*' => Http::response([
+            'status_code' => 'FINISHED',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media_publish' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'media-null-content',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/media-null-content*' => Http::response([
+            'permalink' => 'https://www.instagram.com/p/NULL123/',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('media-null-content');
+    expect($result['url'])->toBe('https://www.instagram.com/p/NULL123/');
+});
+
+test('instagram publisher can publish reel with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update([
+        'content_type' => ContentType::InstagramReel,
+        'content' => null,
+    ]);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'video',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-video.mp4',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.mp4',
+        'mime_type' => 'video/mp4',
+        'size' => 1234567,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'container-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/container-123*' => Http::response([
+            'status_code' => 'FINISHED',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media_publish' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'reel-null-content',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/reel-null-content*' => Http::response([
+            'permalink' => 'https://www.instagram.com/reel/NULL123/',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('reel-null-content');
+});
+
+test('instagram publisher can publish carousel with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    for ($i = 0; $i < 2; $i++) {
+        $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+            'collection' => 'default',
+            'type' => 'image',
+            'path' => "media/2026-01/test-image-{$i}.jpg",
+            'original_filename' => "test-{$i}.jpg",
+            'mime_type' => 'image/jpeg',
+            'size' => 12345,
+            'order' => $i,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media' => Http::sequence()
+            ->push(['id' => 'child-1'], 200)
+            ->push(['id' => 'child-2'], 200)
+            ->push(['id' => 'carousel-container-123'], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/carousel-container-123*' => Http::response([
+            'status_code' => 'FINISHED',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media_publish' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'carousel-null-content',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/carousel-null-content*' => Http::response([
+            'permalink' => 'https://www.instagram.com/p/CAROUSELNULL/',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('carousel-null-content');
+});
+
+test('instagram publisher can publish single image with empty string content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => '']);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'image',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-image.jpg',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.jpg',
+        'mime_type' => 'image/jpeg',
+        'size' => 12345,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'container-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/container-123*' => Http::response([
+            'status_code' => 'FINISHED',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/ig_123456789/media_publish' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'media-empty-content',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.instagram.com/v24.0/media-empty-content*' => Http::response([
+            'permalink' => 'https://www.instagram.com/p/EMPTY123/',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('media-empty-content');
+});
+
 test('instagram publisher handles publish failure', function () {
     $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
         'collection' => 'default',
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisherTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisherTest.php
index aa10d043..4a996c71 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisherTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/ThreadsPublisherTest.php
@@ -292,3 +292,76 @@
     expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
         ->toThrow(Exception::class, 'Threads media processing failed');
 });
+
+test('threads publisher throws exception for text post with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
+        ->toThrow(\Exception::class, 'Threads text posts require content');
+});
+
+test('threads publisher can publish image with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'image',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-image.jpg',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.jpg',
+        'mime_type' => 'image/jpeg',
+        'size' => 12345,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/123456789/threads' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'container-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/container-123*' => Http::response([
+            'status' => 'FINISHED',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/123456789/threads_publish' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'media-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/media-123*' => Http::response([
+            'permalink' => 'https://threads.net/@testuser/post/123',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('media-123');
+});
+
+test('threads publisher can publish video with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'video',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-video.mp4',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.mp4',
+        'mime_type' => 'video/mp4',
+        'size' => 1234567,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    Http::fake([
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/123456789/threads' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'container-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/container-123*' => Http::response([
+            'status' => 'FINISHED',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/123456789/threads_publish' => Http::response([
+            'id' => 'video-123',
+        ], 200),
+        'https://graph.threads.net/v1.0/video-123*' => Http::response([
+            'permalink' => 'https://threads.net/@testuser/post/456',
+        ], 200),
+    ]);
+
+    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+
+    expect($result['id'])->toBe('video-123');
+});
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/XPublisherTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/XPublisherTest.php
index 8e4c3ae8..19d39b7c 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/XPublisherTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/XPublisherTest.php
@@ -156,24 +156,18 @@
     });
 });
 
-test('x publisher handles empty content', function () {
+test('x publisher throws exception with empty content and no media', function () {
     $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => '']);
 
-    Http::fake([
-        'https://api.x.com/2/tweets' => Http::response([
-            'data' => [
-                'id' => '1234567890123456789',
-            ],
-        ], 200),
-    ]);
-
-    $result = $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform);
+    expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
+        ->toThrow(\Exception::class, 'X posts require either text or media');
+});
 
-    expect($result['id'])->toBe('1234567890123456789');
+test('x publisher throws exception with null content and no media', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
 
-    Http::assertSent(function ($request) {
-        return $request['text'] === '';
-    });
+    expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
+        ->toThrow(\Exception::class, 'X posts require either text or media');
 });
 
 test('x publisher throws exception when no refresh token available', function () {
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/YouTubePublisherTest.php b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/YouTubePublisherTest.php
index d7a955a1..00aca658 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Services/Social/YouTubePublisherTest.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Services/Social/YouTubePublisherTest.php
@@ -144,3 +144,20 @@
 // Note: Testing token expiration on auth error would require mocking file_get_contents
 // which is used to fetch video content. The token refresh test above covers the token
 // expiration handling. Full integration tests should cover the 401 error scenario.
+
+test('youtube publisher throws exception with null content', function () {
+    $this->postPlatform->update(['content' => null]);
+
+    $this->postPlatform->media()->create([
+        'collection' => 'default',
+        'type' => 'video',
+        'path' => 'media/2026-01/test-video.mp4',
+        'original_filename' => 'test.mp4',
+        'mime_type' => 'video/mp4',
+        'size' => 1234567,
+        'order' => 0,
+    ]);
+
+    expect(fn () => $this->publisher->publish($this->postPlatform))
+        ->toThrow(\Exception::class, 'YouTube Shorts require a title');
+});