diff --git a/src/_utils.ts b/src/_utils.ts
index f07f8d2..7fe9a64 100644
--- a/src/_utils.ts
+++ b/src/_utils.ts
@@ -38,3 +38,10 @@ export function matchAll (regex, string, addition) {
   }
   return matches
 }
+
+const ProtocolRegex = /^(?<proto>.+):.+$/
+
+export function getProtocol (id: string): string | null {
+  const proto = id.match(ProtocolRegex)
+  return proto ? proto.groups.proto : null
+}
diff --git a/src/syntax.ts b/src/syntax.ts
index 921afee..781c192 100644
--- a/src/syntax.ts
+++ b/src/syntax.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { extname } from 'pathe'
 import { readPackageJSON } from 'pkg-types'
 import { ResolveOptions, resolvePath } from './resolve'
+import { isNodeBuiltin } from './utils'
+import { getProtocol } from './_utils'
 
 const ESM_RE = /([\s;]|^)(import[\w,{}\s*]*from|import\s*['"*{]|export\b\s*([*{]|default|type)|import\.meta\b)/m
 
@@ -27,7 +29,41 @@ export function detectSyntax (code: string) {
   }
 }
 
-export async function isValidNodeImport (id: string, opts: ResolveOptions & { code?: string } = {}): Promise<boolean> {
+export interface ValidNodeImportOptions extends ResolveOptions {
+  /**
+   * The contents of the import, which may be analyzed to see if it contains
+   * CJS or ESM syntax as a last step in checking whether it is a valid import.
+   */
+  code?: string
+  /**
+   * Protocols that are allowed as valid node imports.
+   *
+   * Default: ['node', 'file', 'data']
+   */
+  allowedProtocols?: Array<string>
+}
+
+const validNodeImportDefaults: ValidNodeImportOptions = {
+  allowedProtocols: ['node', 'file', 'data']
+}
+
+export async function isValidNodeImport (id: string, _opts: ValidNodeImportOptions = {}): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (isNodeBuiltin(id)) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  const opts = { ...validNodeImportDefaults, ..._opts }
+
+  const proto = getProtocol(id)
+  if (proto && !opts.allowedProtocols.includes(proto)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // node is already validated by isNodeBuiltin and file will be normalized by resolvePath
+  if (proto === 'data') {
+    return true
+  }
+
   const resolvedPath = await resolvePath(id, opts)
   const extension = extname(resolvedPath)
 
diff --git a/src/utils.ts b/src/utils.ts
index 3a9c5d6..8a50c28 100644
--- a/src/utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import { fileURLToPath as _fileURLToPath } from 'url'
 import { promises as fsp } from 'fs'
 import { normalizeSlash, BUILTIN_MODULES } from './_utils'
@@ -33,3 +32,9 @@ export function toDataURL (code: string): string {
   const base64 = Buffer.from(code).toString('base64')
   return `data:text/javascript;base64,${base64}`
 }
+
+export function isNodeBuiltin (id: string = '') {
+  // node:fs/promises => fs
+  id = id.replace(/^node:/, '').split('/')[0]
+  return BUILTIN_MODULES.has(id)
+}
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/cjs/index.cjs b/test/fixture/imports/cjs/index.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..011bde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/cjs/index.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'cjs'
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/cjs/package.json b/test/fixture/imports/cjs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a52022f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/cjs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "name": "cjs",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.cjs"
+}
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/esm-module/index.js b/test/fixture/imports/esm-module/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..467d60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/esm-module/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'esm-module'
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/esm-module/package.json b/test/fixture/imports/esm-module/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37f1b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/esm-module/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "name": "esm-module",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "index.js"
+}
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/esm/index.mjs b/test/fixture/imports/esm/index.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8a885d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/esm/index.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'esm'
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/esm/package.json b/test/fixture/imports/esm/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2931a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/esm/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "name": "esm",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.mjs"
+}
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/js-cjs/index.js b/test/fixture/imports/js-cjs/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4fe56a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/js-cjs/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+module.exports = 'js-cjs'
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/js-cjs/package.json b/test/fixture/imports/js-cjs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..206fec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/js-cjs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "name": "js-cjs",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.js"
+}
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/js-esm/index.js b/test/fixture/imports/js-esm/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e9f232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/js-esm/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 'js-esm'
diff --git a/test/fixture/imports/js-esm/package.json b/test/fixture/imports/js-esm/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..350deb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixture/imports/js-esm/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "name": "js-esm",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.js"
+}
diff --git a/test/syntax.test.mjs b/test/syntax.test.mjs
index 65d5aa3..b87d9c6 100644
--- a/test/syntax.test.mjs
+++ b/test/syntax.test.mjs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-import { expect } from 'chai'
-import { detectSyntax } from 'mlly'
+import { expect, AssertionError } from 'chai'
+import { detectSyntax, isValidNodeImport } from 'mlly'
+import { join } from 'pathe'
 
 const staticTests = {
   // ESM
@@ -35,3 +36,37 @@ describe('detectSyntax', () => {
     })
   }
 })
+
+const nodeImportTests = {
+  [import.meta.url]: true,
+  'node:fs': true,
+  fs: true,
+  'fs/promises': true,
+  'node:fs/promises': true,
+  // We can't detect these are invalid node imports
+  'fs/fake': true,
+  'node:fs/fake': true,
+  vue: 'error',
+  [join(import.meta.url, '../invalid')]: 'error',
+  'data:text/javascript,console.log("hello!");': true,
+  [join(import.meta.url, '../fixture/imports/cjs')]: true,
+  [join(import.meta.url, '../fixture/imports/esm')]: true,
+  [join(import.meta.url, '../fixture/imports/esm-module')]: true,
+  [join(import.meta.url, '../fixture/imports/js-cjs')]: true,
+  [join(import.meta.url, '../fixture/imports/js-esm')]: false
+}
+
+describe('isValidNodeImport', () => {
+  for (const [input, result] of Object.entries(nodeImportTests)) {
+    it(input, async () => {
+      try {
+        expect(await isValidNodeImport(input)).to.equal(result)
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (e instanceof AssertionError) {
+          throw e
+        }
+        expect(result).to.equal('error')
+      }
+    })
+  }
+})
diff --git a/test/utils.test.mjs b/test/utils.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c66d97e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/utils.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { isNodeBuiltin } from 'mlly'
+import { expect } from 'chai'
+
+describe('isNodeBuiltin', () => {
+  const cases = {
+    fs: true,
+    fake: false,
+    'node:fs': true,
+    'node:fake': false,
+    'fs/promises': true,
+    'fs/fake': true // invalid import
+  }
+
+  for (const id in cases) {
+    it(`'${id}': ${cases[id]}`, () => {
+      expect(isNodeBuiltin(id)).to.equal(cases[id])
+    })
+  }
+
+  it('undefined', () => {
+    expect(isNodeBuiltin()).to.equal(false)
+  })
+})