termination of an intended behavior of an element (3.41) or an item (3.84) due to a fault (3.54)
由于故障所导致的要素的或者元件的预期行为的终止
failure rate (3.53) of a hardware element (3.41) in a given application use case used as an input to safety (3.132) analyses
给定应用程序用例中的硬件元素（3.41）的故障率（3.53), 用作安全性（3.132）分析的输入
failure (3.50) of an element (3.41) of an item (3.84) resulting from a root cause [ inside or outside of the element (3.41) ] and then causing a failure (3.50) of another element (3.41) or elements (3.41) of the same or different item (3.84)
由根本原因 [ 要素（3.41）的内部或外部 ] 导致项目（3.84）的要素（3.41）的失效（3.50）然后导致相同或不同项目（3.84）的一个要素（3.41）或多个要素（3.41）的失效（3.50）
Note 1 to entry: cascading failures are dependent failures (3.29) that could be one of the possible root causes of a common failure (3.18). See Figure 2.
注: 级联失效是一个共因失效的某个根本原因引起的相关失效 (3.29) 见图2
Figure 2 indicates that：
- an external root cause caused a Fault 1 in Element A which led to a Failure A. Then this Failure A caused Fault 2 in Element B which led to a Failure B;
- an internal root cause caused a Fault 1 in Element A which led to a Failure A. Then this Failure A caused a Fault 2 in Element B which led to a Failure B
failures (3.50) whose probability of simultaneous or successive occurrence can be expressed as the simple product of their unconditional probabilities.
Note 1 to entry: independent failures can include software failures (3.50) even if their probability of failure is not calculated.