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Implements the lateral resolution test method from the IEEE N42.59 standard for millimeter wave imaging systems.

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Background

Image quality is an important characteristic of millimeter wave (MMW) imaging systems such as those widely deployed in US airports. The IEEE N42.59 standard [1] describes test objects, test methods, and objective analysis algorithms for measuring several aspects of image quality. This code implements the lateral resolution test method [2]. MMW systems within the scope of IEEE N42.59 use a variety of imaging approaches and produce both 2D and 3D images. We use the term lateral resolution to refer to spatial resolution in the plane perpendicular to the synthetic aperture. The method for measuring spatial resolution in the depth direction, perpendicular to the lateral plane, is described in [3].

mmw

Instructions

Data analysis steps:

  1. Collect at least 5 images of one or both of the lateral resolution test objects. Example images are shown above.
  2. Crop each image down to the edges of the test object (see figure above). Place all the cropped images into a folder e.g. 'test_folder2/'
  3. Run the process_whole_lat_res_folder() function from the "process_whole_lat_res_folder.py" file. Example code near the end of that file can be used to change how the images are searched for.
if __name__== "__main__" :
    folder = "test_folder2/"
    file_str = '*.tif'
    process_lat_res_folder(folder, file_str, PDF_obj=True)
  1. If PDF_obj = True then all the figures are output to a PDF file called "N4259_lateral_resolution_results_summary.pdf" in the folder "test_folder2/". Find that file and interpret your results!

Some example final results are shown below.

final_plot

As well as some example intermediate plots.

eg_plots

Software description

This is version 0.7 of this code and was published in March 2024. This is an alpha release and future improvements are expected. Please let us know if you find bugs or have suggestions for improvements. This code was developed and is maintained by Dr Jack L. Glover, Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Feel free to email him at firstname dot lastname at agency dot gov.

Acknowledgement

If you use this code then please cite the paper:

  • Title: A standardized test for measuring the spatial resolution of active millimeter wave imaging systems
  • Author: Jack L. Glover
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3012666
  • Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 13048, Radar Sensor Technology XXVIII; 130480T (2024)
  • Presented at the Radar Sensor Technology XXVIII sessions of the SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing conference

This work was supported by the DHS S&T Standards Division under agreement FTST-23-FT004. The author is eager to acknowledge the many public and private sector partners who have contributed materially to the development of the IEEE N42.59 standard.

References

  • [1] IEEE N42.59: Standard for Measuring the Imaging Performance of Active Millimeter-Wave Systems for Security Screening of Humans. https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/N42.59/11515/
  • [2] Jack L. Glover. A standardized test for measuring the spatial resolution of active millimeter wave imaging systems. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 13048, Radar Sensor Technology XXVIII; 130480T (2024). link
  • [3] David M. Sheen, R. Trevor Clark, and Maurio Grando. Depth resolution evaluation for an active wideband millimeter-wave imaging system. Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XXIV. Vol. 11745. SPIE, 2021. link

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Implements the lateral resolution test method from the IEEE N42.59 standard for millimeter wave imaging systems.

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