diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 7689a105..956b527b 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ $ pipx install --suffix=@next 'vcspull' --pip-args '\--pre' --force
 
 <!-- Maintainers, insert changes / features for the next release here -->
 
+### Development
+
+#### chore: Implement PEP 563 deferred annotation resolution (#459)
+
+- Add `from __future__ import annotations` to defer annotation resolution and reduce unnecessary runtime computations during type checking.
+- Enable Ruff checks for PEP-compliant annotations:
+  - [non-pep585-annotation (UP006)](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep585-annotation/)
+  - [non-pep604-annotation (UP007)](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/non-pep604-annotation/)
+
+For more details on PEP 563, see: https://peps.python.org/pep-0563/
+
 ## vcspull v1.33.0 (2024-11-23)
 
 _Maintenance only, no bug fixes, or new features_
diff --git a/conftest.py b/conftest.py
index ffd28691..36e8cd3e 100644
--- a/conftest.py
+++ b/conftest.py
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@
 https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/deprecations.html
 """
 
-import pathlib
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import shutil
 import typing as t
 
 import pytest
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def add_doctest_fixtures(
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index 6ebed909..981f34bd 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 """Sphinx configuration for vcspull documentation."""
 
 # flake8: noqa: E501
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import inspect
 import pathlib
 import sys
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@
 }
 
 
-def linkcode_resolve(domain: str, info: dict[str, str]) -> t.Union[None, str]:
+def linkcode_resolve(domain: str, info: dict[str, str]) -> None | str:
     """
     Determine the URL corresponding to Python object.
 
@@ -216,13 +218,13 @@ def linkcode_resolve(domain: str, info: dict[str, str]) -> t.Union[None, str]:
     )
 
 
-def remove_tabs_js(app: "Sphinx", exc: Exception) -> None:
+def remove_tabs_js(app: Sphinx, exc: Exception) -> None:
     """Fix for sphinx-inline-tabs#18."""
     if app.builder.format == "html" and not exc:
         tabs_js = pathlib.Path(app.builder.outdir) / "_static" / "tabs.js"
         tabs_js.unlink(missing_ok=True)
 
 
-def setup(app: "Sphinx") -> None:
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> None:
     """Sphinx setup hook."""
     app.connect("build-finished", remove_tabs_js)
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 54f55cbe..6463849c 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -178,6 +178,7 @@ exclude_lines = [
   "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
   "if t.TYPE_CHECKING:",
   "@overload( |$)",
+  "from __future__ import annotations",
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff]
@@ -201,10 +202,16 @@ select = [
   "PERF", # Perflint
   "RUF", # Ruff-specific rules
   "D", # pydocstyle
+  "FA100",  # future annotations
 ]
 ignore = [
   "COM812", # missing trailing comma, ruff format conflict
 ]
+extend-safe-fixes = [
+  "UP006",
+  "UP007",
+]
+pyupgrade.keep-runtime-typing = false
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.pydocstyle]
 convention = "numpy"
@@ -214,6 +221,9 @@ known-first-party = [
   "vcspull",
 ]
 combine-as-imports = true
+required-imports = [
+  "from __future__ import annotations",
+]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 "*/__init__.py" = ["F401"]
diff --git a/scripts/generate_gitlab.py b/scripts/generate_gitlab.py
index d1b90a65..4452f610 100755
--- a/scripts/generate_gitlab.py
+++ b/scripts/generate_gitlab.py
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 """Example script for export gitlab organization to vcspull config file."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
 import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
 import sys
+import typing as t
 
 import requests
 import yaml
 from libvcs.sync.git import GitRemote
 
 from vcspull.cli.sync import CouldNotGuessVCSFromURL, guess_vcs
-from vcspull.types import RawConfig
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from vcspull.types import RawConfig
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(message)s")
diff --git a/src/vcspull/__about__.py b/src/vcspull/__about__.py
index 056fbf0f..ff6e4314 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/__about__.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/__about__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Metadata for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 __title__ = "vcspull"
 __package_name__ = "vcspull"
 __description__ = "Manage and sync multiple git, mercurial, and svn repos"
diff --git a/src/vcspull/__init__.py b/src/vcspull/__init__.py
index 303d0ed9..5c9da904 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/__init__.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 """
 
 # Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 from logging import NullHandler
 
diff --git a/src/vcspull/_internal/config_reader.py b/src/vcspull/_internal/config_reader.py
index f51dbc8c..cc9f55e3 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/_internal/config_reader.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/_internal/config_reader.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import json
 import pathlib
 import typing as t
@@ -22,11 +24,11 @@ class ConfigReader:
     '{\n  "session_name": "my session"\n}'
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, content: "RawConfigData") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, content: RawConfigData) -> None:
         self.content = content
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _load(fmt: "FormatLiteral", content: str) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
+    def _load(fmt: FormatLiteral, content: str) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
         """Load raw config data and directly return it.
 
         >>> ConfigReader._load("json", '{ "session_name": "my session" }')
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ def _load(fmt: "FormatLiteral", content: str) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
         raise NotImplementedError(msg)
 
     @classmethod
-    def load(cls, fmt: "FormatLiteral", content: str) -> "ConfigReader":
+    def load(cls, fmt: FormatLiteral, content: str) -> ConfigReader:
         """Load raw config data into a ConfigReader instance (to dump later).
 
         >>> cfg = ConfigReader.load("json", '{ "session_name": "my session" }')
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ def _from_file(cls, path: pathlib.Path) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_file(cls, path: pathlib.Path) -> "ConfigReader":
+    def from_file(cls, path: pathlib.Path) -> ConfigReader:
         r"""Load data from file path.
 
         **YAML file**
@@ -159,8 +161,8 @@ def from_file(cls, path: pathlib.Path) -> "ConfigReader":
 
     @staticmethod
     def _dump(
-        fmt: "FormatLiteral",
-        content: "RawConfigData",
+        fmt: FormatLiteral,
+        content: RawConfigData,
         indent: int = 2,
         **kwargs: t.Any,
     ) -> str:
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ def _dump(
         msg = f"{fmt} not supported in config"
         raise NotImplementedError(msg)
 
-    def dump(self, fmt: "FormatLiteral", indent: int = 2, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+    def dump(self, fmt: FormatLiteral, indent: int = 2, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
         r"""Dump via ConfigReader instance.
 
         >>> cfg = ConfigReader({ "session_name": "my session" })
diff --git a/src/vcspull/cli/__init__.py b/src/vcspull/cli/__init__.py
index cf9f9dfb..a4d2d303 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/cli/__init__.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/cli/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """CLI utilities for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
 import logging
 import textwrap
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ def create_parser(return_subparsers: t.Literal[False]) -> argparse.ArgumentParse
 
 def create_parser(
     return_subparsers: bool = False,
-) -> t.Union[argparse.ArgumentParser, tuple[argparse.ArgumentParser, t.Any]]:
+) -> argparse.ArgumentParser | tuple[argparse.ArgumentParser, t.Any]:
     """Create CLI argument parser for vcspull."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         prog="vcspull",
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ def create_parser(
     return parser
 
 
-def cli(_args: t.Optional[list[str]] = None) -> None:
+def cli(_args: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
     """CLI entry point for vcspull."""
     parser, sync_parser = create_parser(return_subparsers=True)
     args = parser.parse_args(_args)
diff --git a/src/vcspull/cli/sync.py b/src/vcspull/cli/sync.py
index affdcfd2..e38d2f94 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/cli/sync.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/cli/sync.py
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
 """Synchronization functionality for vcspull."""
 
-import argparse
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
-import pathlib
 import sys
 import typing as t
 from copy import deepcopy
-from datetime import datetime
 
 from libvcs._internal.shortcuts import create_project
-from libvcs._internal.types import VCSLiteral
-from libvcs.sync.git import GitSync
 from libvcs.url import registry as url_tools
 
 from vcspull import exc
 from vcspull.config import filter_repos, find_config_files, load_configs
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import argparse
+    import pathlib
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    from libvcs._internal.types import VCSLiteral
+    from libvcs.sync.git import GitSync
+
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -63,9 +68,8 @@ def sync(
     repo_patterns: list[str],
     config: pathlib.Path,
     exit_on_error: bool,
-    parser: t.Optional[
-        argparse.ArgumentParser
-    ] = None,  # optional so sync can be unit tested
+    parser: argparse.ArgumentParser
+    | None = None,  # optional so sync can be unit tested
 ) -> None:
     """Entry point for ``vcspull sync``."""
     if isinstance(repo_patterns, list) and len(repo_patterns) == 0:
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ def progress_cb(output: str, timestamp: datetime) -> None:
     sys.stdout.flush()
 
 
-def guess_vcs(url: str) -> t.Optional[VCSLiteral]:
+def guess_vcs(url: str) -> VCSLiteral | None:
     """Guess the VCS from a URL."""
     vcs_matches = url_tools.registry.match(url=url, is_explicit=True)
 
diff --git a/src/vcspull/config.py b/src/vcspull/config.py
index 18a35cc5..74d4f60b 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/config.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/config.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 """Configuration functionality for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import fnmatch
 import logging
 import os
 import pathlib
 import typing as t
-from collections.abc import Callable
 
 from libvcs.sync.git import GitRemote
 
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Callable
+
     from typing_extensions import TypeGuard
 
     from .types import ConfigDict, RawConfigDict
@@ -25,7 +28,7 @@
 
 def expand_dir(
     dir_: pathlib.Path,
-    cwd: t.Union[pathlib.Path, Callable[[], pathlib.Path]] = pathlib.Path.cwd,
+    cwd: pathlib.Path | Callable[[], pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path.cwd,
 ) -> pathlib.Path:
     """Return path with environmental variables and tilde ~ expanded.
 
@@ -52,9 +55,9 @@ def expand_dir(
 
 
 def extract_repos(
-    config: "RawConfigDict",
-    cwd: t.Union[pathlib.Path, Callable[[], pathlib.Path]] = pathlib.Path.cwd,
-) -> list["ConfigDict"]:
+    config: RawConfigDict,
+    cwd: pathlib.Path | Callable[[], pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path.cwd,
+) -> list[ConfigDict]:
     """Return expanded configuration.
 
     end-user configuration permit inline configuration shortcuts, expand to
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ def extract_repos(
                             **url,
                         )
 
-            def is_valid_config_dict(val: t.Any) -> "TypeGuard[ConfigDict]":
+            def is_valid_config_dict(val: t.Any) -> TypeGuard[ConfigDict]:
                 assert isinstance(val, dict)
                 return True
 
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ def is_valid_config_dict(val: t.Any) -> "TypeGuard[ConfigDict]":
 
 
 def find_home_config_files(
-    filetype: t.Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    filetype: list[str] | None = None,
 ) -> list[pathlib.Path]:
     """Return configs of ``.vcspull.{yaml,json}`` in user's home directory."""
     if filetype is None:
@@ -172,11 +175,11 @@ def find_home_config_files(
 
 
 def find_config_files(
-    path: t.Optional[t.Union[list[pathlib.Path], pathlib.Path]] = None,
-    match: t.Optional[t.Union[list[str], str]] = None,
-    filetype: t.Optional[
-        t.Union[t.Literal["json", "yaml", "*"], list[t.Literal["json", "yaml", "*"]]]
-    ] = None,
+    path: list[pathlib.Path] | pathlib.Path | None = None,
+    match: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    filetype: t.Literal["json", "yaml", "*"]
+    | list[t.Literal["json", "yaml", "*"]]
+    | None = None,
     include_home: bool = False,
 ) -> list[pathlib.Path]:
     """Return repos from a directory and match. Not recursive.
@@ -234,8 +237,8 @@ def find_config_files(
 
 def load_configs(
     files: list[pathlib.Path],
-    cwd: t.Union[pathlib.Path, Callable[[], pathlib.Path]] = pathlib.Path.cwd,
-) -> list["ConfigDict"]:
+    cwd: pathlib.Path | Callable[[], pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path.cwd,
+) -> list[ConfigDict]:
     """Return repos from a list of files.
 
     Parameters
@@ -284,8 +287,8 @@ def load_configs(
 
 
 def detect_duplicate_repos(
-    config1: list["ConfigDict"],
-    config2: list["ConfigDict"],
+    config1: list[ConfigDict],
+    config2: list[ConfigDict],
 ) -> list[ConfigDictTuple]:
     """Return duplicate repos dict if repo_dir same and vcs different.
 
@@ -320,8 +323,8 @@ def detect_duplicate_repos(
 
 
 def in_dir(
-    config_dir: t.Optional[pathlib.Path] = None,
-    extensions: t.Optional[list[str]] = None,
+    config_dir: pathlib.Path | None = None,
+    extensions: list[str] | None = None,
 ) -> list[str]:
     """Return a list of configs in ``config_dir``.
 
@@ -349,11 +352,11 @@ def in_dir(
 
 
 def filter_repos(
-    config: list["ConfigDict"],
-    path: t.Union[pathlib.Path, t.Literal["*"], str, None] = None,
-    vcs_url: t.Union[str, None] = None,
-    name: t.Union[str, None] = None,
-) -> list["ConfigDict"]:
+    config: list[ConfigDict],
+    path: pathlib.Path | t.Literal["*"] | str | None = None,
+    vcs_url: str | None = None,
+    name: str | None = None,
+) -> list[ConfigDict]:
     """Return a :py:obj:`list` list of repos from (expanded) config file.
 
     path, vcs_url and name all support fnmatch.
@@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ def filter_repos(
 
 def is_config_file(
     filename: str,
-    extensions: t.Optional[t.Union[list[str], str]] = None,
+    extensions: list[str] | str | None = None,
 ) -> bool:
     """Return True if file has a valid config file type.
 
diff --git a/src/vcspull/exc.py b/src/vcspull/exc.py
index 4c858950..af8d936c 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/exc.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/exc.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Exceptions for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 
 class VCSPullException(Exception):
     """Standard exception raised by vcspull."""
diff --git a/src/vcspull/log.py b/src/vcspull/log.py
index f35c0642..10e671f7 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/log.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/log.py
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 provided.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import time
 import typing as t
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@
 
 
 def setup_logger(
-    log: t.Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
+    log: logging.Logger | None = None,
     level: t.Literal["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL"] = "INFO",
 ) -> None:
     """Configure vcspull logger for CLI use.
diff --git a/src/vcspull/types.py b/src/vcspull/types.py
index cb95d1c0..29217d34 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/types.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/types.py
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 """Typings for vcspull."""
 
-import pathlib
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import typing as t
 
-from libvcs._internal.types import StrPath, VCSLiteral
-from libvcs.sync.git import GitSyncRemoteDict
 from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
+    from libvcs._internal.types import StrPath, VCSLiteral
+    from libvcs.sync.git import GitSyncRemoteDict
+
 
 class RawConfigDict(t.TypedDict):
     """Configuration dictionary without any type marshalling or variable resolution."""
@@ -25,12 +30,12 @@ class RawConfigDict(t.TypedDict):
 class ConfigDict(TypedDict):
     """Configuration map for vcspull after shorthands and variables resolved."""
 
-    vcs: t.Optional[VCSLiteral]
+    vcs: VCSLiteral | None
     name: str
     path: pathlib.Path
     url: str
-    remotes: NotRequired[t.Optional[GitSyncRemoteDict]]
-    shell_command_after: NotRequired[t.Optional[list[str]]]
+    remotes: NotRequired[GitSyncRemoteDict | None]
+    shell_command_after: NotRequired[list[str] | None]
 
 
 ConfigDir = dict[str, ConfigDict]
diff --git a/src/vcspull/util.py b/src/vcspull/util.py
index bed87845..b755144c 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/util.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/util.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Utility functions for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import pathlib
 import typing as t
diff --git a/src/vcspull/validator.py b/src/vcspull/validator.py
index 93af6b14..7e40366f 100644
--- a/src/vcspull/validator.py
+++ b/src/vcspull/validator.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Validation of vcspull configuration file."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pathlib
 import typing as t
 
@@ -9,7 +11,7 @@
     from vcspull.types import RawConfigDict
 
 
-def is_valid_config(config: dict[str, t.Any]) -> "TypeGuard[RawConfigDict]":
+def is_valid_config(config: dict[str, t.Any]) -> TypeGuard[RawConfigDict]:
     """Return true and upcast if vcspull configuration file is valid."""
     if not isinstance(config, dict):
         return False
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
index 3884ee1f..af29a56c 100644
--- a/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for vcspull package."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from . import fixtures
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/example.py b/tests/fixtures/example.py
index 7f3742f6..e84d19ce 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/example.py
+++ b/tests/fixtures/example.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Example fixture data for vcspull tests."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pathlib
 import typing as t
 
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@
     },
 }
 
-config_dict_expanded: list["ConfigDict"] = [
+config_dict_expanded: list[ConfigDict] = [
     {
         "vcs": "git",
         "name": "linux",
diff --git a/tests/helpers.py b/tests/helpers.py
index a238efdc..b88b727d 100644
--- a/tests/helpers.py
+++ b/tests/helpers.py
@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 """Helpers for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
-import pathlib
 import typing as t
 
+from typing_extensions import Self
+
 from vcspull._internal.config_reader import ConfigReader
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
 
 class EnvironmentVarGuard:
     """Class to help protect the environment variable properly.
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ def unset(self, envvar: str) -> None:
             self._reset[envvar] = self._environ[envvar]
             del self._environ[envvar]
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "EnvironmentVarGuard":
+    def __enter__(self) -> Self:
         """Context manager entry for setting and resetting environmental variable."""
         return self
 
diff --git a/tests/test_cli.py b/tests/test_cli.py
index 29d47cc0..43c02d17 100644
--- a/tests/test_cli.py
+++ b/tests/test_cli.py
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 """Test CLI entry point for for vcspull."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
-import pathlib
 import shutil
 import typing as t
 
 import pytest
 import yaml
-from libvcs.sync.git import GitSync
 
 from vcspull.__about__ import __version__
 from vcspull.cli import cli
 from vcspull.cli.sync import EXIT_ON_ERROR_MSG, NO_REPOS_FOR_TERM_MSG
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
+    from libvcs.sync.git import GitSync
     from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
     ExpectedOutput: TypeAlias = t.Optional[t.Union[str, list[str]]]
@@ -28,10 +31,10 @@ class SyncCLINonExistentRepo(t.NamedTuple):
     # test parameters
     sync_args: list[str]
     expected_exit_code: int
-    expected_in_out: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_not_in_out: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_in_err: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_not_in_err: "ExpectedOutput" = None
+    expected_in_out: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_not_in_out: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_in_err: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_not_in_err: ExpectedOutput = None
 
 
 SYNC_CLI_EXISTENT_REPO_FIXTURES: list[SyncCLINonExistentRepo] = [
@@ -77,10 +80,10 @@ def test_sync_cli_filter_non_existent(
     test_id: str,
     sync_args: list[str],
     expected_exit_code: int,
-    expected_in_out: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_not_in_out: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_in_err: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_not_in_err: "ExpectedOutput",
+    expected_in_out: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_not_in_out: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_in_err: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_not_in_err: ExpectedOutput,
 ) -> None:
     """Tests vcspull syncing when repo does not exist."""
     config = {
@@ -124,10 +127,10 @@ class SyncFixture(t.NamedTuple):
     # test params
     sync_args: list[str]
     expected_exit_code: int
-    expected_in_out: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_not_in_out: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_in_err: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_not_in_err: "ExpectedOutput" = None
+    expected_in_out: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_not_in_out: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_in_err: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_not_in_err: ExpectedOutput = None
 
 
 SYNC_REPO_FIXTURES: list[SyncFixture] = [
@@ -211,10 +214,10 @@ def test_sync(
     test_id: str,
     sync_args: list[str],
     expected_exit_code: int,
-    expected_in_out: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_not_in_out: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_in_err: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_not_in_err: "ExpectedOutput",
+    expected_in_out: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_not_in_out: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_in_err: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_not_in_err: ExpectedOutput,
 ) -> None:
     """Tests for vcspull sync."""
     config = {
@@ -262,10 +265,10 @@ class SyncBrokenFixture(t.NamedTuple):
     # test params
     sync_args: list[str]
     expected_exit_code: int
-    expected_in_out: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_not_in_out: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_in_err: "ExpectedOutput" = None
-    expected_not_in_err: "ExpectedOutput" = None
+    expected_in_out: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_not_in_out: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_in_err: ExpectedOutput = None
+    expected_not_in_err: ExpectedOutput = None
 
 
 SYNC_BROKEN_REPO_FIXTURES: list[SyncBrokenFixture] = [
@@ -347,10 +350,10 @@ def test_sync_broken(
     test_id: str,
     sync_args: list[str],
     expected_exit_code: int,
-    expected_in_out: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_not_in_out: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_in_err: "ExpectedOutput",
-    expected_not_in_err: "ExpectedOutput",
+    expected_in_out: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_not_in_out: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_in_err: ExpectedOutput,
+    expected_not_in_err: ExpectedOutput,
 ) -> None:
     """Tests for syncing in vcspull when unexpected error occurs."""
     github_projects = user_path / "github_projects"
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
index 8dfea4d3..9baaea13 100644
--- a/tests/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for vcspull configuration format."""
 
-import pathlib
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import typing as t
 
 import pytest
@@ -8,6 +9,8 @@
 from vcspull import config
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
     from vcspull.types import ConfigDict
 
 
@@ -19,7 +22,7 @@ def __call__(
         content: str,
         path: str = "randomdir",
         filename: str = "randomfilename.yaml",
-    ) -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[t.Union[t.Any, pathlib.Path]], list["ConfigDict"]]:
+    ) -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[t.Any | pathlib.Path], list[ConfigDict]]:
         """Callable function type signature for load_yaml pytest fixture."""
         ...
 
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ def fn(
         content: str,
         path: str = "randomdir",
         filename: str = "randomfilename.yaml",
-    ) -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[pathlib.Path], list["ConfigDict"]]:
+    ) -> tuple[pathlib.Path, list[pathlib.Path], list[ConfigDict]]:
         """Return vcspull configurations and write out config to temp directory."""
         dir_ = tmp_path / path
         dir_.mkdir()
diff --git a/tests/test_config_file.py b/tests/test_config_file.py
index b273f6df..ed59ca3f 100644
--- a/tests/test_config_file.py
+++ b/tests/test_config_file.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for vcspull configuration files."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 import pathlib
 import textwrap
diff --git a/tests/test_repo.py b/tests/test_repo.py
index 079116fb..f6ccd49a 100644
--- a/tests/test_repo.py
+++ b/tests/test_repo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 """Tests for placing config dicts into :py:class:`Project` objects."""
 
-import pathlib
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing as t
 
 from libvcs import BaseSync, GitSync, HgSync, SvnSync
 from libvcs._internal.shortcuts import create_project
@@ -9,6 +11,9 @@
 
 from .fixtures import example as fixtures
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
 
 def test_filter_dir() -> None:
     """`filter_repos` filter by dir."""
diff --git a/tests/test_sync.py b/tests/test_sync.py
index 8777b912..e7a379ed 100644
--- a/tests/test_sync.py
+++ b/tests/test_sync.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Tests for sync functionality of vcspull."""
 
-import pathlib
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import textwrap
 import typing as t
 
 import pytest
 from libvcs._internal.shortcuts import create_project
-from libvcs.pytest_plugin import CreateRepoPytestFixtureFn
 from libvcs.sync.git import GitRemote, GitSync
 
 from vcspull._internal.config_reader import ConfigReader
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 from .helpers import write_config
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
+    from libvcs.pytest_plugin import CreateRepoPytestFixtureFn
+
     from vcspull.types import ConfigDict
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_utils.py b/tests/test_utils.py
index b4799fe9..f1875b98 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 """Tests for vcspull utilities."""
 
-import pathlib
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-import pytest
+import typing as t
 
 from vcspull.util import get_config_dir
 
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+
+    import pytest
+
 
 def test_vcspull_configdir_env_var(
     tmp_path: pathlib.Path,