diff --git a/packages/next/client/dev/error-overlay/hot-dev-client.js b/packages/next/client/dev/error-overlay/hot-dev-client.js
index 501e4a3f396ae..e4563ab13d804 100644
--- a/packages/next/client/dev/error-overlay/hot-dev-client.js
+++ b/packages/next/client/dev/error-overlay/hot-dev-client.js
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import {
   onFullRefreshNeeded,
 } from 'next/dist/compiled/@next/react-dev-overlay/client'
 import stripAnsi from 'next/dist/compiled/strip-ansi'
-import { addMessageListener } from './websocket'
+import { addMessageListener, sendMessage } from './websocket'
 import formatWebpackMessages from './format-webpack-messages'
 
 // This alternative WebpackDevServer combines the functionality of:
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ import formatWebpackMessages from './format-webpack-messages'
 // that looks similar to our console output. The error overlay is inspired by:
 // https://github.com/glenjamin/webpack-hot-middleware
 
+window.__nextDevClientId = Math.round(Math.random() * 100 + Date.now())
+
 let hadRuntimeError = false
 let customHmrEventHandler
 export default function connect() {
@@ -188,8 +190,17 @@ function onFastRefresh(hasUpdates) {
   }
 
   if (startLatency) {
-    const latency = Date.now() - startLatency
+    const endLatency = Date.now()
+    const latency = endLatency - startLatency
     console.log(`[Fast Refresh] done in ${latency}ms`)
+    sendMessage(
+      JSON.stringify({
+        event: 'client-hmr-latency',
+        id: window.__nextDevClientId,
+        startTime: startLatency,
+        endTime: endLatency,
+      })
+    )
     if (self.__NEXT_HMR_LATENCY_CB) {
       self.__NEXT_HMR_LATENCY_CB(latency)
     }
@@ -220,14 +231,34 @@ function processMessage(e) {
       const { errors, warnings } = obj
       const hasErrors = Boolean(errors && errors.length)
       if (hasErrors) {
+        sendMessage(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            event: 'client-error',
+            errorCount: errors.length,
+            clientId: window.__nextDevClientId,
+          })
+        )
         return handleErrors(errors)
       }
 
       const hasWarnings = Boolean(warnings && warnings.length)
       if (hasWarnings) {
+        sendMessage(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            event: 'client-warning',
+            warningCount: warnings.length,
+            clientId: window.__nextDevClientId,
+          })
+        )
         return handleWarnings(warnings)
       }
 
+      sendMessage(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          event: 'client-success',
+          clientId: window.__nextDevClientId,
+        })
+      )
       return handleSuccess()
     }
     default: {
diff --git a/packages/next/client/dev/webpack-hot-middleware-client.js b/packages/next/client/dev/webpack-hot-middleware-client.js
index 2a411b68833b5..9272f87f7b603 100644
--- a/packages/next/client/dev/webpack-hot-middleware-client.js
+++ b/packages/next/client/dev/webpack-hot-middleware-client.js
@@ -1,15 +1,29 @@
 import connect from './error-overlay/hot-dev-client'
+import { sendMessage } from './error-overlay/websocket'
 
 export default () => {
   const devClient = connect()
 
   devClient.subscribeToHmrEvent((obj) => {
     if (obj.action === 'reloadPage') {
+      sendMessage(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          event: 'client-reload-page',
+          clientId: window.__nextDevClientId,
+        })
+      )
       return window.location.reload()
     }
     if (obj.action === 'removedPage') {
       const [page] = obj.data
       if (page === window.next.router.pathname) {
+        sendMessage(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            event: 'client-removed-page',
+            clientId: window.__nextDevClientId,
+            page,
+          })
+        )
         return window.location.reload()
       }
       return
@@ -20,6 +34,13 @@ export default () => {
         page === window.next.router.pathname &&
         typeof window.next.router.components[page] === 'undefined'
       ) {
+        sendMessage(
+          JSON.stringify({
+            event: 'client-added-page',
+            clientId: window.__nextDevClientId,
+            page,
+          })
+        )
         return window.location.reload()
       }
       return
diff --git a/packages/next/server/dev/hot-reloader.ts b/packages/next/server/dev/hot-reloader.ts
index 74e93f2745db3..733094ec74783 100644
--- a/packages/next/server/dev/hot-reloader.ts
+++ b/packages/next/server/dev/hot-reloader.ts
@@ -288,6 +288,77 @@ export default class HotReloader {
     wsServer.handleUpgrade(req, req.socket, head, (client) => {
       this.webpackHotMiddleware?.onHMR(client)
       this.onDemandEntries?.onHMR(client)
+
+      client.addEventListener('message', ({ data }) => {
+        data = typeof data !== 'string' ? data.toString() : data
+
+        try {
+          const payload = JSON.parse(data)
+
+          let traceChild:
+            | {
+                name: string
+                startTime?: bigint
+                endTime?: bigint
+                attrs?: Record<string, number | string>
+              }
+            | undefined
+
+          switch (payload.event) {
+            case 'client-hmr-latency': {
+              traceChild = {
+                name: payload.event,
+                startTime: BigInt(payload.startTime * 1000 * 1000),
+                endTime: BigInt(payload.endTime * 1000 * 1000),
+              }
+              break
+            }
+            case 'client-reload-page':
+            case 'client-success': {
+              traceChild = {
+                name: payload.event,
+              }
+              break
+            }
+            case 'client-error': {
+              traceChild = {
+                name: payload.event,
+                attrs: { errorCount: payload.errorCount },
+              }
+              break
+            }
+            case 'client-warning': {
+              traceChild = {
+                name: payload.event,
+                attrs: { warningCount: payload.warningCount },
+              }
+              break
+            }
+            case 'client-removed-page':
+            case 'client-added-page': {
+              traceChild = {
+                name: payload.event,
+                attrs: { page: payload.page || '' },
+              }
+              break
+            }
+            default: {
+              break
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (traceChild) {
+            this.hotReloaderSpan.manualTraceChild(
+              traceChild.name,
+              traceChild.startTime || process.hrtime.bigint(),
+              traceChild.endTime || process.hrtime.bigint(),
+              { ...traceChild.attrs, clientId: payload.id }
+            )
+          }
+        } catch (_) {
+          // invalid WebSocket message
+        }
+      })
     })
   }
 
diff --git a/test/development/basic/hmr.test.ts b/test/development/basic/hmr.test.ts
index 19cb86d2ed03f..bb54ce9f5b62b 100644
--- a/test/development/basic/hmr.test.ts
+++ b/test/development/basic/hmr.test.ts
@@ -766,4 +766,11 @@ describe('basic HMR', () => {
       }
     })
   })
+
+  it('should have client HMR events in trace file', async () => {
+    const traceData = await next.readFile('.next/trace')
+    expect(traceData).toContain('client-hmr-latency')
+    expect(traceData).toContain('client-error')
+    expect(traceData).toContain('client-success')
+  })
 })