From 733d96cd6737718ba5b103b9a47650bca5a20371 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven <steven@ceriously.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 17:49:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] BREAKING CHANGE!: bump `images.minimumCacheTTL` to 86400

---
 docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx            | 2 +-
 docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx   | 2 +-
 errors/invalid-images-config.mdx                                | 2 +-
 packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts                    | 2 +-
 .../next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts     | 2 +-
 .../next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts         | 2 +-
 test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts      | 2 +-
 test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts      | 2 +-
 test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts  | 2 +-
 9 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx b/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx
index d3667d0a3583b6..6968090eee268a 100644
--- a/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx
+++ b/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ If no configuration is provided, the default below is used.
 ```js filename="next.config.js"
 module.exports = {
   images: {
-    minimumCacheTTL: 60, // 1 minute
+    minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // 1 day
   },
 }
 ```
diff --git a/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx b/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx
index 2b2dd0295458dd..8bfd3f4a4e02ef 100644
--- a/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx
+++ b/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ If no configuration is provided, the default below is used.
 ```js filename="next.config.js"
 module.exports = {
   images: {
-    minimumCacheTTL: 60, // 1 minute
+    minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // 1 day
   },
 }
 ```
diff --git a/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx b/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx
index cbaa4c2982952c..041a544515284a 100644
--- a/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx
+++ b/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module.exports = {
     // disable static imports for image files
     disableStaticImages: false,
     // minimumCacheTTL is in seconds, must be integer 0 or more
-    minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+    minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // (prev 60s then changed to 1d in next@16)
     // ordered list of acceptable optimized image formats (mime types)
     formats: ['image/webp'],
     // enable dangerous use of SVG images
diff --git a/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts b/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts
index 3934003395acd0..39e4b58f1b2bf4 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export const imageConfigDefault: ImageConfigComplete = {
   loaderFile: '',
   domains: [],
   disableStaticImages: false,
-  minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+  minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // 1 day
   formats: ['image/webp'],
   dangerouslyAllowSVG: false,
   contentSecurityPolicy: `script-src 'none'; frame-src 'none'; sandbox;`,
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts
index 6f4efede569205..0aef79e848e868 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
               search: '',
             },
           ],
-          minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts
index b3186ba9f9f2a3..bc36f58ae68bdf 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
           loaderFile: '',
           remotePatterns: [],
           localPatterns: undefined,
-          minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [42, 69, 88],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts
index 7caa585610a580..d93f368d496238 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
           loaderFile: '',
           remotePatterns: [],
           localPatterns: undefined,
-          minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts
index 388df8aac99824..4f1d3099fc565f 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'server' | 'dev') {
               search: '',
             },
           ],
-          minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts
index de58283a03ac24..0a8d4a76359a50 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ function runTests(url: string, mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
           loaderFile: '',
           remotePatterns: [],
           localPatterns: undefined,
-          minimumCacheTTL: 60,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [

From de125389f5cca271a0e73c220a87cbacdfb49bcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven <steven@ceriously.com>
Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 20:59:28 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] fix tests

---
 packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts         | 2 +-
 test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts | 2 +-
 test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts       | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts b/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
index 727e812b6ae7da..f1f8c093386448 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ export class ImageOptimizerCache {
       deviceSizes = [],
       imageSizes = [],
       domains = [],
-      minimumCacheTTL = 60,
+      minimumCacheTTL = 86400,
       formats = ['image/webp'],
     } = imageData
     const remotePatterns = nextConfig.images?.remotePatterns || []
diff --git a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts
index 03b42fcf8a71c4..d8a3b815de7654 100644
--- a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ describe('Image Optimizer', () => {
           const res = await fetchViaHTTP(appPort, '/_next/image', query, opts)
           expect(res.status).toBe(200)
           expect(res.headers.get('Cache-Control')).toBe(
-            `public, max-age=60, must-revalidate`
+            `public, max-age=86400, must-revalidate`
           )
           expect(res.headers.get('Content-Disposition')).toBe(
             `attachment; filename="test.webp"`
diff --git a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
index a5b1c7f96c129a..0af4d3a78ed02f 100644
--- a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
+++ b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export function runTests(ctx: RunTestsCtx) {
     contentDispositionType = 'attachment',
     domains = [],
     formats = [],
-    minimumCacheTTL = 60,
+    minimumCacheTTL = 86400,
   } = nextConfigImages || {}
   const avifEnabled = formats[0] === 'image/avif'
   let slowImageServer: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof serveSlowImage>>

From c40e7a30d85d7cdb1d90a97d75597663d7876bbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Steven <steven@ceriously.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Sep 2025 09:55:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] change to 4 hours

---
 docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx      | 2 +-
 .../04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx       | 2 +-
 errors/invalid-images-config.mdx                          | 2 +-
 packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts               | 2 +-
 packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts              | 2 +-
 test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts       | 8 ++++----
 test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts             | 2 +-
 .../app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts              | 2 +-
 .../next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts   | 2 +-
 .../integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts | 2 +-
 .../integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts | 2 +-
 .../next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts         | 2 +-
 12 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx b/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx
index 6968090eee268a..9836ac61004175 100644
--- a/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx
+++ b/docs/01-app/03-api-reference/02-components/image.mdx
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ If no configuration is provided, the default below is used.
 ```js filename="next.config.js"
 module.exports = {
   images: {
-    minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // 1 day
+    minimumCacheTTL: 14400, // 4 hours
   },
 }
 ```
diff --git a/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx b/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx
index 8bfd3f4a4e02ef..e32802268e1270 100644
--- a/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx
+++ b/docs/02-pages/04-api-reference/01-components/image-legacy.mdx
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ If no configuration is provided, the default below is used.
 ```js filename="next.config.js"
 module.exports = {
   images: {
-    minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // 1 day
+    minimumCacheTTL: 14400, // 4 hours
   },
 }
 ```
diff --git a/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx b/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx
index 041a544515284a..f54852d003b855 100644
--- a/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx
+++ b/errors/invalid-images-config.mdx
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ module.exports = {
     // disable static imports for image files
     disableStaticImages: false,
     // minimumCacheTTL is in seconds, must be integer 0 or more
-    minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // (prev 60s then changed to 1d in next@16)
+    minimumCacheTTL: 14400, // 4 hours
     // ordered list of acceptable optimized image formats (mime types)
     formats: ['image/webp'],
     // enable dangerous use of SVG images
diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts b/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
index f1f8c093386448..6d4c098ec67ec3 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ export class ImageOptimizerCache {
       deviceSizes = [],
       imageSizes = [],
       domains = [],
-      minimumCacheTTL = 86400,
+      minimumCacheTTL = 14400,
       formats = ['image/webp'],
     } = imageData
     const remotePatterns = nextConfig.images?.remotePatterns || []
diff --git a/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts b/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts
index 39e4b58f1b2bf4..177f35decdc9ac 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/shared/lib/image-config.ts
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ export const imageConfigDefault: ImageConfigComplete = {
   loaderFile: '',
   domains: [],
   disableStaticImages: false,
-  minimumCacheTTL: 86400, // 1 day
+  minimumCacheTTL: 14400, // 4 hours
   formats: ['image/webp'],
   dangerouslyAllowSVG: false,
   contentSecurityPolicy: `script-src 'none'; frame-src 'none'; sandbox;`,
diff --git a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts
index d8a3b815de7654..266218f60b4e25 100644
--- a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/index.test.ts
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ describe('Image Optimizer', () => {
               headers: [
                 {
                   key: 'Cache-Control',
-                  value: 'public, max-age=86400, must-revalidate',
+                  value: 'public, max-age=14400, must-revalidate',
                 },
               ],
             },
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ describe('Image Optimizer', () => {
           const res = await fetchViaHTTP(appPort, '/_next/image', query, opts)
           expect(res.status).toBe(200)
           expect(res.headers.get('Cache-Control')).toBe(
-            `public, max-age=86400, must-revalidate`
+            `public, max-age=14400, must-revalidate`
           )
           expect(res.headers.get('Content-Disposition')).toBe(
             `attachment; filename="test.webp"`
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ describe('Image Optimizer', () => {
             const files = await fsToJson(imagesDir)
 
             let found = false
-            const maxAge = '86400'
+            const maxAge = '14400'
 
             Object.keys(files).forEach((dir) => {
               if (
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ describe('Image Optimizer', () => {
           const res = await fetchViaHTTP(appPort, '/_next/image', query, opts)
           expect(res.status).toBe(200)
           expect(res.headers.get('Cache-Control')).toBe(
-            `public, max-age=86400, must-revalidate`
+            `public, max-age=14400, must-revalidate`
           )
           expect(res.headers.get('Content-Disposition')).toBe(
             `attachment; filename="test.webp"`
diff --git a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
index 0af4d3a78ed02f..5cb09689c3c02c 100644
--- a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
+++ b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export function runTests(ctx: RunTestsCtx) {
     contentDispositionType = 'attachment',
     domains = [],
     formats = [],
-    minimumCacheTTL = 86400,
+    minimumCacheTTL = 14400,
   } = nextConfigImages || {}
   const avifEnabled = formats[0] === 'image/avif'
   let slowImageServer: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof serveSlowImage>>
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts
index 0aef79e848e868..aa713be30cdabb 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-localpatterns/test/index.test.ts
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
               search: '',
             },
           ],
-          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 14400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts
index bc36f58ae68bdf..161771a1fe1ba4 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir-qualities/test/index.test.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
           loaderFile: '',
           remotePatterns: [],
           localPatterns: undefined,
-          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 14400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [42, 69, 88],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts
index d93f368d496238..42d65e47345dfe 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/app-dir/test/index.test.ts
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
           loaderFile: '',
           remotePatterns: [],
           localPatterns: undefined,
-          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 14400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts
index 4f1d3099fc565f..29e722a3bea621 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/unicode/test/index.test.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ function runTests(mode: 'server' | 'dev') {
               search: '',
             },
           ],
-          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 14400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [
diff --git a/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts b/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts
index 0a8d4a76359a50..6aa7049a9cf4d5 100644
--- a/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts
+++ b/test/integration/next-image-new/unoptimized/test/index.test.ts
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ function runTests(url: string, mode: 'dev' | 'server') {
           loaderFile: '',
           remotePatterns: [],
           localPatterns: undefined,
-          minimumCacheTTL: 86400,
+          minimumCacheTTL: 14400,
           path: '/_next/image',
           qualities: [75],
           sizes: [