diff --git a/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/directives/vModel.spec.ts b/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/directives/vModel.spec.ts
index 534e5dfe98e..d9a7790e0f6 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/directives/vModel.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-dom/__tests__/directives/vModel.spec.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   nextTick,
   ref,
   render,
+  vModelCheckbox,
   vModelDynamic,
   withDirectives,
 } from '@vue/runtime-dom'
@@ -1445,4 +1446,51 @@ describe('vModel', () => {
 
     expect(inputNum1.value).toBe('1')
   })
+
+  it(`should support mutating an array or set value for a checkbox`, async () => {
+    const component = defineComponent({
+      data() {
+        return { value: [] }
+      },
+      render() {
+        return [
+          withDirectives(
+            h('input', {
+              type: 'checkbox',
+              class: 'foo',
+              value: 'foo',
+              'onUpdate:modelValue': setValue.bind(this),
+            }),
+            [[vModelCheckbox, this.value]],
+          ),
+        ]
+      },
+    })
+    render(h(component), root)
+
+    const foo = root.querySelector('.foo')
+    const data = root._vnode.component.data
+
+    expect(foo.checked).toEqual(false)
+
+    data.value.push('foo')
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(foo.checked).toEqual(true)
+
+    data.value[0] = 'bar'
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(foo.checked).toEqual(false)
+
+    data.value = new Set()
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(foo.checked).toEqual(false)
+
+    data.value.add('foo')
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(foo.checked).toEqual(true)
+
+    data.value.delete('foo')
+    await nextTick()
+    expect(foo.checked).toEqual(false)
+  })
 })