diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/components/BaseTransition.spec.ts b/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/components/BaseTransition.spec.ts
index 2622cf64bfe..75037dbfd42 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/components/BaseTransition.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/__tests__/components/BaseTransition.spec.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { vi } from 'vitest'
+import { Fragment, TransitionGroup, VNode, VNodeArrayChildren } from '@vue/runtime-dom'
 import {
   nodeOps,
   render,
@@ -1195,3 +1196,37 @@ describe('BaseTransition', () => {
     })
   })
 })
+
+
+describe('TransitionGroup', () => {
+  // #5761: When child has v-if, v-if will result in keys of number type for branches 
+  test('should avoid existing number type child keys duplicate with default index when inherit parent key in case of <template v-for>', () => {
+    // <TransitionGroup>
+    //  <template v-for="(item, idx) of ['A', 'B']" :key="item">
+    //    <div></div> // key: A0/B0
+    //    <div :key=0></div> simulate v-if branch key. Keys should be A1/B1, otherwise duplicate A0/B0
+    //    <div></div> // key: A2/B2
+    //  </template>
+    // </TransitionGroup>
+    
+    const transitionGroupVNode = h(TransitionGroup, {}, () => ['A', 'B'].map((item, idx ) => {
+      return h(Fragment, { key: item }, [
+        h('div', {}, '' ),
+        h('div', { key: 0 }, '' ), // simulate v-if branch key
+        h('div', {}, '' ),
+      ] ) 
+    }))
+
+    render(
+      transitionGroupVNode,
+      nodeOps.createElement('div')
+    )
+
+    expect(((transitionGroupVNode.component?.subTree.children as VNodeArrayChildren)[0] as VNode).key).toBe('A0')
+    expect(((transitionGroupVNode.component?.subTree.children as VNodeArrayChildren)[1] as VNode).key).toBe('A1')
+    expect(((transitionGroupVNode.component?.subTree.children as VNodeArrayChildren)[2] as VNode).key).toBe('A2')
+    expect(((transitionGroupVNode.component?.subTree.children as VNodeArrayChildren)[3] as VNode).key).toBe('B0')
+    expect(((transitionGroupVNode.component?.subTree.children as VNodeArrayChildren)[4] as VNode).key).toBe('B1')
+    expect(((transitionGroupVNode.component?.subTree.children as VNodeArrayChildren)[5] as VNode).key).toBe('B2')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/runtime-core/src/components/BaseTransition.ts b/packages/runtime-core/src/components/BaseTransition.ts
index 043b9736525..4bacead9a2c 100644
--- a/packages/runtime-core/src/components/BaseTransition.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime-core/src/components/BaseTransition.ts
@@ -494,10 +494,17 @@ export function getTransitionRawChildren(
   for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
     let child = children[i]
     // #5360 inherit parent key in case of <template v-for>
+    // #5761: when child.key is a number, it would be potentially
+    // duplicated with index i. In this case, ignore whatever existing
+    // number type child key (e.g. v-if node could have dedicated key based on branchs).
+    // Make it completely based on index i in children list to avoid duplication
     const key =
       parentKey == null
         ? child.key
-        : String(parentKey) + String(child.key != null ? child.key : i)
+        : String(parentKey) +
+          String(
+            child.key != null && typeof child.key !== 'number' ? child.key : i
+          )
     // handle fragment children case, e.g. v-for
     if (child.type === Fragment) {
       if (child.patchFlag & PatchFlags.KEYED_FRAGMENT) keyedFragmentCount++