From d35141e85e423e9c47860744c6bd7eb2d08e5b2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2018 19:41:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] feat(render): add render method

---
 package.json                                  |   2 +
 src/index.js                                  |   2 +
 src/lib/add-slots.js                          |   3 +
 src/mount.js                                  |   2 +-
 src/render.js                                 |  30 +++++
 test/resources/test-utils.js                  |  20 ++-
 .../mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js |  10 ++
 test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js     |  13 +-
 test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js   |  22 ++--
 test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js  |  27 +++--
 test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js     |  84 ++++++++-----
 test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js   |  55 +++++----
 test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js     | 114 +++++++++++++++---
 test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js     |  58 ++++++---
 14 files changed, 329 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/render.js

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index a6f4c0c4a..3e4c1e1db 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
     "vue-class-component": "^6.1.2",
     "vue-loader": "^13.6.2",
     "vue-router": "^3.0.1",
+    "vue-server-renderer": "2.5.13",
     "vue-template-compiler": "^2.5.13",
     "vuetify": "^0.16.9",
     "vuex": "^3.0.1",
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "vue": "2.x",
+    "vue-server-renderer": "2.x",
     "vue-template-compiler": "^2.x"
   },
   "dependencies": {
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
index 3eb71602b..92d9853da 100644
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import shallow from './shallow'
 import mount from './mount'
+import render from './render'
 import createLocalVue from './create-local-vue'
 import TransitionStub from './components/TransitionStub'
 import TransitionGroupStub from './components/TransitionGroupStub'
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ export default {
   config,
   mount,
   shallow,
+  render,
   TransitionStub,
   TransitionGroupStub,
   RouterLinkStub
diff --git a/src/lib/add-slots.js b/src/lib/add-slots.js
index d0583d640..5e1619a99 100644
--- a/src/lib/add-slots.js
+++ b/src/lib/add-slots.js
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ function addSlots (vm: Component, slots: Object): void {
 
     if (Array.isArray(slots[key])) {
       slots[key].forEach((slotValue) => {
+        if (!isValidSlot(slotValue)) {
+          throwError('slots[key] must be a Component, string or an array of Components')
+        }
         addSlotToVm(vm, key, slotValue)
       })
     } else {
diff --git a/src/mount.js b/src/mount.js
index 3fc0d350c..2e27b43ae 100644
--- a/src/mount.js
+++ b/src/mount.js
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import errorHandler from './lib/error-handler'
 import { findAllVueComponentsFromVm } from './lib/find-vue-components'
 
 Vue.config.productionTip = false
-Vue.config.errorHandler = errorHandler
 Vue.config.devtools = false
+Vue.config.errorHandler = errorHandler
 
 export default function mount (component: Component, options: Options = {}): VueWrapper {
   // Remove cached constructor
diff --git a/src/render.js b/src/render.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fec5c3267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/render.js
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// @flow
+
+import Vue from 'vue'
+import createInstance from './lib/create-instance'
+import './lib/polyfills/object-assign-polyfill'
+const renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
+import { throwError } from './lib/util'
+
+Vue.config.productionTip = false
+Vue.config.devtools = false
+
+export default function render (component: Component, options: Options = {}): VueWrapper {
+  // Remove cached constructor
+  delete component._Ctor
+
+  if (options.attachToDocument) {
+    throwError('you cannot use attachToDocument with render')
+  }
+
+  const vm = createInstance(component, options)
+
+  let string
+  renderer.renderToString(vm, (err, res) => {
+    if (err) {
+      throwError(err)
+    }
+    string = res
+  })
+  return string
+}
diff --git a/test/resources/test-utils.js b/test/resources/test-utils.js
index 5350ccb8b..c57c9d988 100644
--- a/test/resources/test-utils.js
+++ b/test/resources/test-utils.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* global describe, it*/
 
 import Vue from 'vue'
-import { shallow, mount } from '~vue-test-utils'
+import { shallow, mount, render } from '~vue-test-utils'
 
 export const vueVersion = Number(`${Vue.version.split('.')[0]}.${Vue.version.split('.')[1]}`)
 
@@ -27,6 +27,24 @@ export function describeWithShallowAndMount (spec, cb) {
   })
 }
 
+export function describeWithMountingMethods (spec, cb) {
+  ;[mount, shallow, render].forEach(method => {
+    describe(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
+  })
+}
+
+describeWithMountingMethods.skip = function (spec, cb) {
+  ;[mount, shallow, render].forEach(method => {
+    describe.skip(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
+  })
+}
+
+describeWithMountingMethods.only = function (spec, cb) {
+  ;[mount, shallow, render].forEach(method => {
+    describe.only(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
+  })
+}
+
 describeWithShallowAndMount.skip = function (spec, cb) {
   ;[mount, shallow].forEach(method => {
     describe.skip(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
index 82f73bdca..81df5045c 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { compileToFunctions } from 'vue-template-compiler'
 import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
+import { render } from '~vue-test-utils'
 
 describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attachToDocument', (mountingMethod) => {
   it('returns VueWrapper with attachedToDocument set to true when passed attachToDocument in options', () => {
@@ -8,3 +9,12 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attachToDocument', (mountingMethod) => {
     expect(wrapper.options.attachedToDocument).to.equal(true)
   })
 })
+
+describe('options.attachToDocument with render', () => {
+  it('throws error that render does not accept attachToDocument', () => {
+    const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div><input /></div>')
+    const fn = () => render(compiled, { attachToDocument: true })
+    const message = '[vue-test-utils]: you cannot use attachToDocument with render'
+    expect(fn).to.throw().with.property('message', message)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js
index 8eb82b038..149181a4a 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 import { compileToFunctions } from 'vue-template-compiler'
 import { attrsSupported } from '~resources/test-utils'
-import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
+import {
+  describeWithMountingMethods,
+  itSkipIf
+ } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attrs', (mountingMethod) => {
-  it('handles inherit attrs', () => {
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.attrs', (mountingMethod) => {
+  itSkipIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  'handles inherit attrs', () => {
     if (!attrsSupported()) return
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(compileToFunctions('<p :id="anAttr" />'), {
       attrs: {
@@ -15,7 +19,8 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attrs', (mountingMethod) => {
     expect(wrapper.vm.$attrs.anAttr).to.equal('an attribute')
   })
 
-  it('defines attrs as empty object even when not passed', () => {
+  itSkipIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  'defines attrs as empty object even when not passed', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(compileToFunctions('<p />'))
     expect(wrapper.vm.$attrs).to.deep.equal({})
   })
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js
index 63730eb92..4518eec68 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import Vue from 'vue'
 import { vueVersion } from '~resources/test-utils'
-import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
+import { describeWithMountingMethods } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
   it('mounts functional component when passed context object', () => {
     if (vueVersion <= 2.2) {
       console.log('WARN: no current way to test functional component is component in v2.1.x')
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
       props: { show: true }
     }
 
-    const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component, { context })
-    expect(wrapper.is(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    mountingMethod(Component, { context })
   })
 
   it('throws error if non functional component is passed with context option', () => {
@@ -69,7 +68,10 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, { props }) => h('div', props.testProp)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component)
-    expect(wrapper.element.textContent).to.equal(defaultValue)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain(defaultValue)
   })
 
   it('mounts functional component with a defined context.children text', () => {
@@ -84,7 +86,10 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
         children: ['render text']
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.text()).to.equal('render text')
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('render text')
   })
 
   it('mounts functional component with a defined context.children element', () => {
@@ -99,6 +104,9 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
         children: [h => h('div', 'render component')]
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.text()).to.equal('render component')
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('render component')
   })
 })
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js
index 43ed502b5..f7f68a6a0 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
 import Vue from 'vue'
-import Component from '~resources/components/component.vue'
-import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
+import { describeWithMountingMethods } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.localVue', (mountingMethod) => {
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.localVue', (mountingMethod) => {
   it('mounts component using passed localVue as base Vue', () => {
+    const TestComponent = {
+      template: `
+        <div>{{test}}</div>
+      `
+    }
     const localVue = Vue.extend()
     localVue.version = '2.3'
-    const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component, { localVue: localVue, mocks: { test: true }})
-    expect(wrapper.vm.test).to.equal(true)
-    const freshWrapper = mountingMethod(Component)
-    expect(typeof freshWrapper.vm.test).to.equal('undefined')
+    const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, {
+      localVue: localVue,
+      mocks: { test: 'some value' }
+    })
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('some value')
+    const freshWrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent)
+    const freshHTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? freshWrapper
+    : freshWrapper.html()
+    expect(freshHTML).to.not.contain('some value')
   })
 })
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js
index 4e047f727..5e2fd0128 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js
@@ -2,51 +2,64 @@ import { createLocalVue } from '~vue-test-utils'
 import Component from '~resources/components/component.vue'
 import ComponentWithVuex from '~resources/components/component-with-vuex.vue'
 import {
-  describeWithShallowAndMount,
+  describeWithMountingMethods,
   itDoNotRunIf
  } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
-  it('adds variables to vm when passed as mocks object', () => {
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
+  it('adds variables to vm when passed', () => {
+    const TestComponent = {
+      template: `
+        <div>
+          {{$store.store}}
+          {{$route.path}}
+        </div>
+      `
+    }
     const $store = { store: true }
     const $route = { path: 'http://test.com' }
-    const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component, {
+    const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, {
       mocks: {
         $store,
         $route
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.vm.$store).to.equal($store)
-    expect(wrapper.vm.$route).to.equal($route)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).contains('true')
+    expect(HTML).contains('http://test.com')
   })
 
-  it('adds variables to vm when passed as mocks object', () => {
-    const stub = sinon.stub()
-    const $reactiveMock = { value: 'value' }
-    const wrapper = mountingMethod({
-      template: `
+  // render returns a string so reactive does not apply
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+     'adds variables as reactive properties to vm when passed', () => {
+       const stub = sinon.stub()
+       const $reactiveMock = { value: 'value' }
+       const wrapper = mountingMethod({
+         template: `
         <div>
           {{value}}
         </div>
       `,
-      computed: {
-        value () {
-          return this.$reactiveMock.value
-        }
-      },
-      watch: {
-        value () {
-          stub()
-        }
-      }
-    }, {
-      mocks: { $reactiveMock }
-    })
-    expect(wrapper.text()).to.contain('value')
-    $reactiveMock.value = 'changed value'
-    wrapper.update()
-    expect(wrapper.text()).to.contain('changed value')
-  })
+         computed: {
+           value () {
+             return this.$reactiveMock.value
+           }
+         },
+         watch: {
+           value () {
+             stub()
+           }
+         }
+       }, {
+         mocks: { $reactiveMock }
+       })
+       expect(wrapper.text()).to.contain('value')
+       $reactiveMock.value = 'changed value'
+       wrapper.update()
+       expect(wrapper.text()).to.contain('changed value')
+     })
 
   itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'shallow',
     'adds variables available to nested vms', () => {
@@ -59,7 +72,10 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
       }, {
         mocks: { $store: { state: { count, foo: {}}}}
       })
-      expect(wrapper.text()).contains(count)
+      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+      ? wrapper
+      : wrapper.html()
+      expect(HTML).contains(count)
     })
 
   itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'shallow',
@@ -75,10 +91,14 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
       mocks: { $store: { state: { count, foo: {}}}},
       localVue
     })
-    expect(wrapper.text()).contains(count)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).contains(count)
   })
 
-  it('does not affect global vue class when passed as mocks object', () => {
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  'does not affect global vue class when passed as mocks object', () => {
     const $store = { store: true }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component, {
       mocks: {
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js
index 2ca2fe94a..85f375e5a 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
-import { mount } from '~vue-test-utils'
 import ComponentWithInject from '~resources/components/component-with-inject.vue'
 import { injectSupported } from '~resources/test-utils'
-import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
-
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.provide', (mountingMethod) => {
-  it('provides objects which is injected by mounted component', () => {
-    if (!injectSupported()) return
-
-    const wrapper = mount(ComponentWithInject, {
-      provide: { fromMount: 'objectValue' }
+import {
+  describeWithMountingMethods,
+  itDoNotRunIf
+ } from '~resources/test-utils'
+
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.provide', (mountingMethod) => {
+  itDoNotRunIf(!injectSupported(),
+    'provides objects which is injected by mounted component', () => {
+      if (!injectSupported()) return
+
+      const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithInject, {
+        provide: { fromMount: 'objectValue' }
+      })
+      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+      expect(HTML).to.contain('objectValue')
     })
 
-    expect(wrapper.text()).to.contain('objectValue')
-  })
-
-  it('provides function which is injected by mounted component', () => {
-    if (!injectSupported()) return
-
+  itDoNotRunIf(!injectSupported(),
+  'provides function which is injected by mounted component', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithInject, {
       provide () {
         return {
@@ -24,17 +28,20 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.provide', (mountingMethod) => {
         }
       }
     })
-
-    expect(wrapper.text()).to.contain('functionValue')
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('functionValue')
   })
 
-  it('supports beforeCreate in component', () => {
-    if (!injectSupported()) return
+  itDoNotRunIf(!injectSupported() || mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+    'supports beforeCreate in component', () => {
+      if (!injectSupported()) return
 
-    const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithInject, {
-      provide: { fromMount: '_' }
-    })
+      const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithInject, {
+        provide: { fromMount: '_' }
+      })
 
-    expect(wrapper.vm.setInBeforeCreate).to.equal('created')
-  })
+      expect(wrapper.vm.setInBeforeCreate).to.equal('created')
+    })
 })
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js
index bad0e0c99..816037410 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ import Component from '~resources/components/component.vue'
 import ComponentWithSlots from '~resources/components/component-with-slots.vue'
 import ComponentAsAClass from '~resources/components/component-as-a-class.vue'
 import {
-  describeWithShallowAndMount,
+  describeWithMountingMethods,
   vueVersion
  } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
   let _window
 
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -22,23 +22,40 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed component in slot object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: Component }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    console.log(mountingMethod.name)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed component in array in slot object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: [Component] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed object with template prop in slot object', () => {
     const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div id="div" />')
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: [compiled] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('#div')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('div id="div"')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('#div')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: '<span />' }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('works correctly with class component', () => {
@@ -46,7 +63,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       return
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentAsAClass, { slots: { default: '<span />' }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('throws error if the UserAgent is PhantomJS when passed string is in slot object', () => {
@@ -60,6 +81,9 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot object', () => {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      return
+    }
     const wrapper1 = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: 'foo<span>123</span>{{ foo }}' }})
     expect(wrapper1.find('main').html()).to.equal('<main>foo<span>123</span>bar</main>')
     const wrapper2 = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: '<p>1</p>{{ foo }}2' }})
@@ -96,12 +120,20 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot array object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: ['<span />'] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot text array object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: ['{{ foo }}<span>1</span>', 'bar'] }})
-    expect(wrapper.find('main').html()).to.equal('<main>bar<span>1</span>bar</main>')
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<main>bar<span>1</span>bar</main>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.find('main').html()).to.equal('<main>bar<span>1</span>bar</main>')
+    }
   })
 
   it('throws error if passed string in default slot array vue-template-compiler is undefined', () => {
@@ -127,7 +159,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
         footer: [Component]
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(2)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<header><div></div></header> <main></main> <footer><div></div></footer>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(2)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with named slot if passed component in slot object', () => {
@@ -136,8 +172,12 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
         header: Component
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
-    expect(Array.isArray(wrapper.vm.$slots.header)).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<header><div></div></header>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
+      expect(Array.isArray(wrapper.vm.$slots.header)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts functional component with default slot if passed component in slot object', () => {
@@ -147,7 +187,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', ctx.data, ctx.slots().default)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: Component }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div data-server-rendered="true"><div></div></div>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed component in slot object', () => {
@@ -157,7 +201,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', ctx.data, ctx.slots().default)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: [Component] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div data-server-rendered="true"><div></div></div>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed object with template prop in slot object', () => {
@@ -168,7 +216,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
     }
     const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div id="div" />')
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: [compiled] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('#div')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div id="div">')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('#div')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot object', () => {
@@ -178,7 +230,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', ctx.data, ctx.slots().default)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: '<span />' }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with named slot if passed string in slot object', () => {
@@ -187,7 +243,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: Component }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with named slot if passed string in slot object in array', () => {
@@ -196,7 +256,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: [Component] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with named slot if passed string in slot object in array', () => {
@@ -205,7 +269,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: '<span />' }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('mounts component with named slot if passed string in slot object in array', () => {
@@ -214,7 +282,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: ['<span />'] }})
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    }
   })
 
   it('throws error if passed false for named slots', () => {
@@ -238,6 +310,7 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
     const message = '[vue-test-utils]: slots[key] must be a Component, string or an array of Components'
     expect(fn).to.throw().with.property('message', message)
   })
+
   it('throws error if passed false for named slots', () => {
     const TestComponent = {
       name: 'component-with-slots',
@@ -259,6 +332,7 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
     const message = '[vue-test-utils]: slots[key] must be a Component, string or an array of Components'
     expect(fn).to.throw().with.property('message', message)
   })
+
   it('throws error if passed string in default slot array when vue-template-compiler is undefined', () => {
     const TestComponent = {
       name: 'component-with-slots',
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js
index 26dea2c6a..98a0b482e 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import ComponentAsAClass from '~resources/components/component-as-a-class.vue'
 import { createLocalVue } from '~vue-test-utils'
 import Vue from 'vue'
 import {
-  describeWithShallowAndMount,
+  describeWithMountingMethods,
   itDoNotRunIf
  } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
+describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
   let info
   let warn
   let configStubsSave
@@ -48,15 +48,20 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         ChildComponent: '<div class="stub"></div>'
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.findAll('.stub').length).to.equal(1)
-    expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+      expect(wrapper).to.contain('"stub"')
+    } else {
+      expect(wrapper.findAll('.stub').length).to.equal(1)
+      expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
+    }
   })
 
-  it('replaces component with a component', () => {
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  'replaces component with a component', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithChild, {
       stubs: {
         ChildComponent: {
-          render: h => h('div'),
+          render: h => h('time'),
           mounted () {
             console.info('stubbed')
           }
@@ -75,7 +80,8 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
     })
   })
 
-  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'shallow',
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'shallow' ||
+    mountingMethod.name === 'render',
   'does not modify component directly', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithNestedChildren, {
       stubs: {
@@ -83,6 +89,7 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       }
     })
     expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(0)
+
     const mountedWrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithNestedChildren)
     expect(mountedWrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
   })
@@ -96,7 +103,10 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         'registered-component': Component
       }
     })
-    expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('</div>')
   })
 
   it('stubs components with dummy when passed as an array', () => {
@@ -162,12 +172,15 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         stubs: {
           ChildComponent: false
         }})
-      expect(wrapper.find('span').contains('div')).to.equal(true)
+      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+      ? wrapper
+      : wrapper.html()
+      expect(HTML).to.contain('<span><div></div></span>')
     })
 
   it('combines with stubs from config', () => {
     const localVue = createLocalVue()
-    config.stubs['time-component'] = '<p />'
+    config.stubs['time-component'] = '<br />'
     const SpanComponent = {
       render: h => h('span')
     }
@@ -189,7 +202,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       },
       localVue
     })
-    expect(wrapper.findAll('p').length).to.equal(2)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('<br>')
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('<p>')
   })
 
   it('prioritize mounting options over config', () => {
@@ -211,7 +228,10 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       },
       localVue
     })
-    expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('<span>')
   })
 
   it('converts config to array if stubs is an array', () => {
@@ -231,9 +251,11 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       stubs: ['a-component'],
       localVue
     })
-    expect(wrapper.contains('time')).to.equal(false)
-    expect(wrapper.contains('p')).to.equal(false)
-    expect(wrapper.html()).to.equal('<div><!----></div>')
+
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('<!----></div>')
   })
 
   it('handles components without a render function', () => {
@@ -256,8 +278,10 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         'stub-component': StubComponent
       }
     })
-
-    expect(wrapper.text()).contains('No render function')
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).contains('No render function')
   })
 
   it('throws an error when passed an invalid value as stub', () => {

From 5528ec045693bd3d3a1253f32267e99cc744a5d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 06:59:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] feat(renderToString): add docs and types

---
 docs/en/README.md                             |   1 +
 docs/en/SUMMARY.md                            |   1 +
 docs/en/api/README.md                         |   1 +
 docs/en/api/renderToString.md                 | 103 ++++++++++++++++++
 flow/modules.flow.js                          |   4 +
 scripts/test-compat.sh                        |   2 +-
 src/index.js                                  |   4 +-
 src/{render.js => renderToString.js}          |  15 +--
 test/resources/test-utils.js                  |  35 +++---
 .../components/TransitionGroupStub.spec.js    |   1 -
 .../mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js |  14 ++-
 test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js     |   4 +-
 test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js   |   6 +-
 test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js  |   4 +-
 test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js     |  10 +-
 test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js   |   6 +-
 test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js     |  43 ++++----
 test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js     |  37 ++++---
 test/specs/wrapper-array/hasStyle.spec.js     |   1 -
 test/specs/wrapper/hasStyle.spec.js           |   1 -
 types/index.d.ts                              |   5 +
 types/test/renderToString.ts                  |  47 ++++++++
 22 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/en/api/renderToString.md
 rename src/{render.js => renderToString.js} (57%)
 create mode 100644 types/test/renderToString.ts

diff --git a/docs/en/README.md b/docs/en/README.md
index cb1468fcd..84919dbc2 100644
--- a/docs/en/README.md
+++ b/docs/en/README.md
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 * [API](api/README.md)
   * [mount](api/mount.md)
   * [shallow](api/shallow.md)
+  * [renderToString](api/renderToString.md)
   * [Mounting Options](api/options.md)
     - [context](api/options.md#context)
     - [slots](api/options.md#slots)
diff --git a/docs/en/SUMMARY.md b/docs/en/SUMMARY.md
index 0a5379876..f3c276469 100644
--- a/docs/en/SUMMARY.md
+++ b/docs/en/SUMMARY.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 * [API](api/README.md)
   * [mount](api/mount.md)
   * [shallow](api/shallow.md)
+  * [renderToString](api/renderToString.md)
   * [Mounting Options](api/options.md)
     - [context](api/options.md#context)
     - [slots](api/options.md#slots)
diff --git a/docs/en/api/README.md b/docs/en/api/README.md
index e0bce900d..d636709b0 100644
--- a/docs/en/api/README.md
+++ b/docs/en/api/README.md
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 * [mount](./mount.md)
 * [shallow](./shallow.md)
+* [renderToString](./renderToString.md)
 * [Mounting Options](./options.md)
   - [context](./options.md#context)
   - [slots](./options.md#slots)
diff --git a/docs/en/api/renderToString.md b/docs/en/api/renderToString.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4955c616a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/en/api/renderToString.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# `renderToString(component {, options}])`
+
+- **Arguments:**
+
+  - `{Component} component`
+  - `{Object} options`
+    - `{Object} context`
+      - `{Array<Component|Object>|Component} children`
+    - `{Object} slots`
+        - `{Array<Componet|Object>|Component|String} default`
+        - `{Array<Componet|Object>|Component|String} named`
+    - `{Object} mocks`
+    - `{Object|Array<string>} stubs`
+    - `{Vue} localVue`
+
+- **Returns:** `{string}`
+
+- **Options:**
+
+See [options](./options.md)
+
+- **Usage:**
+
+Renders a component to HTML.
+
+`renderToString` uses [`vue-server-renderer`](https://ssr.vuejs.org/en/basic.html) under the hood, to render a component to HTML.
+
+**Without options:**
+
+```js
+import { renderToString } from '@vue/test-utils'
+import { expect } from 'chai'
+import Foo from './Foo.vue'
+
+describe('Foo', () => {
+  it('renders a div', () => {
+    const renderedString = renderToString(Foo)
+    expect(renderedString).toContain('<div></div>')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+**With Vue options:**
+
+```js
+import { renderToString } from '@vue/test-utils'
+import { expect } from 'chai'
+import Foo from './Foo.vue'
+
+describe('Foo', () => {
+  it('renders a div', () => {
+    const renderedString = renderToString(Foo, {
+      propsData: {
+        color: 'red'
+      }
+    })
+    expect(renderedString).toContain('red')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+**Default and named slots:**
+
+```js
+import { renderToString } from '@vue/test-utils'
+import { expect } from 'chai'
+import Foo from './Foo.vue'
+import Bar from './Bar.vue'
+import FooBar from './FooBar.vue'
+
+describe('Foo', () => {
+  it('renders a div', () => {
+    const renderedString = renderToString(Foo, {
+      slots: {
+        default: [Bar, FooBar],
+        fooBar: FooBar, // Will match <slot name="FooBar" />,
+        foo: '<div />'
+      }
+    })
+    expect(renderedString).toContain('<div></div>')
+  })
+})
+```
+
+**Stubbing global properties:**
+
+```js
+import { renderToString } from '@vue/test-utils'
+import { expect } from 'chai'
+import Foo from './Foo.vue'
+
+describe('Foo', () => {
+  it('renders a div', () => {
+    const $route = { path: 'http://www.example-path.com' }
+    const renderedString = renderToString(Foo, {
+      mocks: {
+        $route
+      }
+    })
+    expect(renderedString).toContain($route.path)
+  })
+})
+```
diff --git a/flow/modules.flow.js b/flow/modules.flow.js
index 730828917..eb193125e 100644
--- a/flow/modules.flow.js
+++ b/flow/modules.flow.js
@@ -15,3 +15,7 @@ declare module 'lodash/cloneDeep' {
 declare module 'vue-template-compiler' {
   declare module.exports: any;
 }
+
+declare module 'vue-server-renderer' {
+  declare module.exports: any;
+}
diff --git a/scripts/test-compat.sh b/scripts/test-compat.sh
index 6f6d94ed4..79e12ee23 100755
--- a/scripts/test-compat.sh
+++ b/scripts/test-compat.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ set -e
 
 test_version_number(){
   echo "running unit tests with Vue $1"
-  yarn add vue@$1 vue-template-compiler@$1
+  yarn add vue@$1 vue-template-compiler@$1 vue-server-renderer@$1
   yarn test:unit
   yarn test:unit:karma
 }
diff --git a/src/index.js b/src/index.js
index 92d9853da..bae2ffc52 100644
--- a/src/index.js
+++ b/src/index.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import shallow from './shallow'
 import mount from './mount'
-import render from './render'
+import renderToString from './renderToString'
 import createLocalVue from './create-local-vue'
 import TransitionStub from './components/TransitionStub'
 import TransitionGroupStub from './components/TransitionGroupStub'
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export default {
   config,
   mount,
   shallow,
-  render,
+  renderToString,
   TransitionStub,
   TransitionGroupStub,
   RouterLinkStub
diff --git a/src/render.js b/src/renderToString.js
similarity index 57%
rename from src/render.js
rename to src/renderToString.js
index fec5c3267..a05f38625 100644
--- a/src/render.js
+++ b/src/renderToString.js
@@ -3,28 +3,29 @@
 import Vue from 'vue'
 import createInstance from './lib/create-instance'
 import './lib/polyfills/object-assign-polyfill'
-const renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
 import { throwError } from './lib/util'
 
 Vue.config.productionTip = false
 Vue.config.devtools = false
 
-export default function render (component: Component, options: Options = {}): VueWrapper {
+export default function renderToString (component: Component, options: Options = {}): string {
+  const renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
   // Remove cached constructor
   delete component._Ctor
 
   if (options.attachToDocument) {
-    throwError('you cannot use attachToDocument with render')
+    throwError('you cannot use attachToDocument with renderToString')
   }
 
   const vm = createInstance(component, options)
 
-  let string
+  let renderedString = ''
+
   renderer.renderToString(vm, (err, res) => {
     if (err) {
-      throwError(err)
+      console.log(err)
     }
-    string = res
+    renderedString = res
   })
-  return string
+  return renderedString
 }
diff --git a/test/resources/test-utils.js b/test/resources/test-utils.js
index c57c9d988..f015815bd 100644
--- a/test/resources/test-utils.js
+++ b/test/resources/test-utils.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /* global describe, it*/
 
 import Vue from 'vue'
-import { shallow, mount, render } from '~vue-test-utils'
+import { shallow, mount, renderToString } from '~vue-test-utils'
 
 export const vueVersion = Number(`${Vue.version.split('.')[0]}.${Vue.version.split('.')[1]}`)
 
@@ -21,38 +21,43 @@ export function functionalSFCsSupported () {
   return vueVersion >= 2.5
 }
 
+const shallowAndMount = [mount, shallow]
+const shallowMountAndRender = (navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom'))
+  ? [mount, shallow, renderToString]
+  : [mount, shallow]
+
 export function describeWithShallowAndMount (spec, cb) {
-  ;[mount, shallow].forEach(method => {
+  shallowAndMount.forEach(method => {
     describe(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
   })
 }
 
-export function describeWithMountingMethods (spec, cb) {
-  ;[mount, shallow, render].forEach(method => {
-    describe(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
+describeWithShallowAndMount.skip = function (spec, cb) {
+  shallowAndMount.forEach(method => {
+    describe.skip(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
   })
 }
 
-describeWithMountingMethods.skip = function (spec, cb) {
-  ;[mount, shallow, render].forEach(method => {
-    describe.skip(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
+describeWithShallowAndMount.only = function (spec, cb) {
+  shallowAndMount.forEach(method => {
+    describe.only(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
   })
 }
 
-describeWithMountingMethods.only = function (spec, cb) {
-  ;[mount, shallow, render].forEach(method => {
-    describe.only(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
+export function describeWithMountingMethods (spec, cb) {
+  shallowMountAndRender.forEach(method => {
+    describe(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
   })
 }
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount.skip = function (spec, cb) {
-  ;[mount, shallow].forEach(method => {
+describeWithMountingMethods.skip = function (spec, cb) {
+  shallowMountAndRender.forEach(method => {
     describe.skip(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
   })
 }
 
-describeWithShallowAndMount.only = function (spec, cb) {
-  ;[mount, shallow].forEach(method => {
+describeWithMountingMethods.only = function (spec, cb) {
+  shallowMountAndRender.forEach(method => {
     describe.only(`${spec} with ${method.name}`, () => cb(method))
   })
 }
diff --git a/test/specs/components/TransitionGroupStub.spec.js b/test/specs/components/TransitionGroupStub.spec.js
index b1f071bae..d94a04741 100644
--- a/test/specs/components/TransitionGroupStub.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/components/TransitionGroupStub.spec.js
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ describe('TransitionGroupStub', () => {
       }),
       watch: {
         someWatchedData (newData) {
-          console.log('asd')
           this.someData = newData
         }
       },
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
index 81df5045c..9d4fa595f 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { compileToFunctions } from 'vue-template-compiler'
 import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
-import { render } from '~vue-test-utils'
+import { renderToString } from '~vue-test-utils'
 
 describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attachToDocument', (mountingMethod) => {
   it('returns VueWrapper with attachedToDocument set to true when passed attachToDocument in options', () => {
@@ -10,11 +10,15 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attachToDocument', (mountingMethod) => {
   })
 })
 
-describe('options.attachToDocument with render', () => {
-  it('throws error that render does not accept attachToDocument', () => {
+describe('options.attachToDocument with renderToString', () => {
+  it('throws error that renderToString does not accept attachToDocument', () => {
+    // renderToString can only be run in node
+    if (!(navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom'))) {
+      return
+    }
     const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div><input /></div>')
-    const fn = () => render(compiled, { attachToDocument: true })
-    const message = '[vue-test-utils]: you cannot use attachToDocument with render'
+    const fn = () => renderToString(compiled, { attachToDocument: true })
+    const message = '[vue-test-utils]: you cannot use attachToDocument with renderToString'
     expect(fn).to.throw().with.property('message', message)
   })
 })
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js
index 149181a4a..7acb7a3fd 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/attrs.spec.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
  } from '~resources/test-utils'
 
 describeWithMountingMethods('options.attrs', (mountingMethod) => {
-  itSkipIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  itSkipIf(mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
   'handles inherit attrs', () => {
     if (!attrsSupported()) return
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(compileToFunctions('<p :id="anAttr" />'), {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.attrs', (mountingMethod) => {
     expect(wrapper.vm.$attrs.anAttr).to.equal('an attribute')
   })
 
-  itSkipIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  itSkipIf(mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
   'defines attrs as empty object even when not passed', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(compileToFunctions('<p />'))
     expect(wrapper.vm.$attrs).to.deep.equal({})
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js
index 4518eec68..3dc1e8051 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/context.spec.js
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, { props }) => h('div', props.testProp)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component)
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain(defaultValue)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
         children: ['render text']
       }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('render text')
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.context', (mountingMethod) => {
         children: [h => h('div', 'render component')]
       }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('render component')
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js
index f7f68a6a0..cc69b8c2f 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/localVue.spec.js
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.localVue', (mountingMethod) => {
       localVue: localVue,
       mocks: { test: 'some value' }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('some value')
     const freshWrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent)
-    const freshHTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const freshHTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? freshWrapper
     : freshWrapper.html()
     expect(freshHTML).to.not.contain('some value')
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js
index 5e2fd0128..e2bb8fac5 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/mocks.spec.js
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
         $route
       }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).contains('true')
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
   })
 
   // render returns a string so reactive does not apply
-  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
      'adds variables as reactive properties to vm when passed', () => {
        const stub = sinon.stub()
        const $reactiveMock = { value: 'value' }
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
       }, {
         mocks: { $store: { state: { count, foo: {}}}}
       })
-      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
       ? wrapper
       : wrapper.html()
       expect(HTML).contains(count)
@@ -91,13 +91,13 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.mocks', (mountingMethod) => {
       mocks: { $store: { state: { count, foo: {}}}},
       localVue
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).contains(count)
   })
 
-  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
   'does not affect global vue class when passed as mocks object', () => {
     const $store = { store: true }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(Component, {
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js
index 85f375e5a..b08163dd3 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/provide.spec.js
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.provide', (mountingMethod) => {
       const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithInject, {
         provide: { fromMount: 'objectValue' }
       })
-      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
       expect(HTML).to.contain('objectValue')
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.provide', (mountingMethod) => {
         }
       }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('functionValue')
   })
 
-  itDoNotRunIf(!injectSupported() || mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  itDoNotRunIf(!injectSupported() || mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
     'supports beforeCreate in component', () => {
       if (!injectSupported()) return
 
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js
index 816037410..1e6dbbf07 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/slots.spec.js
@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed component in slot object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: Component }})
-    console.log(mountingMethod.name)
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed component in array in slot object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: [Component] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed object with template prop in slot object', () => {
     const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div id="div" />')
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: [compiled] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('div id="div"')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('#div')).to.equal(true)
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: '<span />' }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       return
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentAsAClass, { slots: { default: '<span />' }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
   })
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot object', () => {
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       return
     }
     const wrapper1 = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: 'foo<span>123</span>{{ foo }}' }})
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot array object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: ['<span />'] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('mounts component with default slot if passed string in slot text array object', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithSlots, { slots: { default: ['{{ foo }}<span>1</span>', 'bar'] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<main>bar<span>1</span>bar</main>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.find('main').html()).to.equal('<main>bar<span>1</span>bar</main>')
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
         footer: [Component]
       }
     })
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<header><div></div></header> <main></main> <footer><div></div></footer>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(2)
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
         header: Component
       }
     })
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<header><div></div></header>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.findAll(Component).length).to.equal(1)
@@ -187,8 +186,9 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', ctx.data, ctx.slots().default)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: Component }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
-      expect(wrapper).contains('<div data-server-rendered="true"><div></div></div>')
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
+      const renderedAttribute = vueVersion < 2.3 ? 'server-rendered' : 'data-server-rendered'
+      expect(wrapper).contains(`<div ${renderedAttribute}="true"><div></div></div>`)
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
     }
@@ -201,8 +201,9 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', ctx.data, ctx.slots().default)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: [Component] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
-      expect(wrapper).contains('<div data-server-rendered="true"><div></div></div>')
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
+      const renderedAttribute = vueVersion < 2.3 ? 'server-rendered' : 'data-server-rendered'
+      expect(wrapper).contains(`<div ${renderedAttribute}="true"><div></div></div>`)
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
     }
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
     }
     const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div id="div" />')
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: [compiled] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<div id="div">')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('#div')).to.equal(true)
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', ctx.data, ctx.slots().default)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { default: '<span />' }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
@@ -243,7 +244,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: Component }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: [Component] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<div></div>')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains(Component)).to.equal(true)
@@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: '<span />' }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.slots', (mountingMethod) => {
       render: (h, ctx) => h('div', {}, ctx.slots().named)
     }
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(TestComponent, { slots: { named: ['<span />'] }})
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).contains('<span')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.contains('span')).to.equal(true)
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js
index 98a0b482e..4dd81f8d6 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/stubs.spec.js
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         ChildComponent: '<div class="stub"></div>'
       }
     })
-    if (mountingMethod.name === 'render') {
+    if (mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString') {
       expect(wrapper).to.contain('"stub"')
     } else {
       expect(wrapper.findAll('.stub').length).to.equal(1)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
     }
   })
 
-  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+  itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
   'replaces component with a component', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithChild, {
       stubs: {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
   })
 
   itDoNotRunIf(mountingMethod.name === 'shallow' ||
-    mountingMethod.name === 'render',
+    mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString',
   'does not modify component directly', () => {
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithNestedChildren, {
       stubs: {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         'registered-component': Component
       }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('</div>')
@@ -111,25 +111,30 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
 
   it('stubs components with dummy when passed as an array', () => {
     const ComponentWithGlobalComponent = {
-      render: h => h('registered-component')
+      render: h => h('div', [h('registered-component')])
     }
-    mountingMethod(ComponentWithGlobalComponent, {
+    const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithGlobalComponent, {
       stubs: ['registered-component']
     })
-
-    expect(warn.called).to.equal(false)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('<!---->')
   })
 
   it('stubs components with dummy when passed a boolean', () => {
     const ComponentWithGlobalComponent = {
-      render: h => h('registered-component')
+      render: h => h('div', [h('registered-component')])
     }
-    mountingMethod(ComponentWithGlobalComponent, {
+    const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithGlobalComponent, {
       stubs: {
         'registered-component': true
       }
     })
-    expect(warn.called).to.equal(false)
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
+    ? wrapper
+    : wrapper.html()
+    expect(HTML).to.contain('<!---->')
   })
 
   it('stubs components with dummy when passed as an array', () => {
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         stubs: {
           ChildComponent: false
         }})
-      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+      const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
       ? wrapper
       : wrapper.html()
       expect(HTML).to.contain('<span><div></div></span>')
@@ -202,7 +207,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       },
       localVue
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('<br>')
@@ -228,7 +233,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       },
       localVue
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('<span>')
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
       localVue
     })
 
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).to.contain('<!----></div>')
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ describeWithMountingMethods('options.stub', (mountingMethod) => {
         'stub-component': StubComponent
       }
     })
-    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'render'
+    const HTML = mountingMethod.name === 'renderToString'
     ? wrapper
     : wrapper.html()
     expect(HTML).contains('No render function')
diff --git a/test/specs/wrapper-array/hasStyle.spec.js b/test/specs/wrapper-array/hasStyle.spec.js
index 3b76a8700..87d4cc0c1 100644
--- a/test/specs/wrapper-array/hasStyle.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/wrapper-array/hasStyle.spec.js
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ describe('hasStyle', () => {
     if (navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom')) {
       return
     }
-    console.log(navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom'))
     const wrapper = mount(ComponentWithStyle)
     expect(wrapper.findAll('div').hasStyle('color', 'red')).to.equal(true)
   })
diff --git a/test/specs/wrapper/hasStyle.spec.js b/test/specs/wrapper/hasStyle.spec.js
index e74101c03..57a7c4f05 100644
--- a/test/specs/wrapper/hasStyle.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/wrapper/hasStyle.spec.js
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('hasStyle', (mountingMethod) => {
     if (navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom')) {
       return
     }
-    console.log(navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom'))
     const wrapper = mountingMethod(ComponentWithStyle)
     expect(wrapper.find('div').hasStyle('color', 'red')).to.equal(true)
   })
diff --git a/types/index.d.ts b/types/index.d.ts
index 066075b9f..5a169c6d6 100644
--- a/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/types/index.d.ts
@@ -138,5 +138,10 @@ export declare function shallow<V extends Vue> (component: VueClass<V>, options?
 export declare function shallow<V extends Vue> (component: ComponentOptions<V>, options?: ThisTypedShallowOptions<V>): Wrapper<V>
 export declare function shallow (component: FunctionalComponentOptions, options?: ShallowOptions<Vue>): Wrapper<Vue>
 
+
+export declare function renderToString<V extends Vue> (component: VueClass<V>, options?: ThisTypedShallowOptions<V>): string
+export declare function renderToString<V extends Vue> (component: ComponentOptions<V>, options?: ThisTypedShallowOptions<V>): string
+export declare function renderToString (component: FunctionalComponentOptions, options?: ShallowOptions<Vue>): string
+
 export declare let TransitionStub: Component | string | true
 export declare let TransitionGroupStub: Component | string | true
diff --git a/types/test/renderToString.ts b/types/test/renderToString.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e2c47cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/types/test/renderToString.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import Vuex from 'vuex'
+import { mount, renderToString, createLocalVue } from '../'
+import { normalOptions, functionalOptions, Normal, ClassComponent } from './resources'
+
+/**
+ * Should create wrapper vm based on (function) component options or constructors
+ * The users can specify component type via the type parameter
+ */
+const normalWrapper = mount(normalOptions)
+const normalFoo: string = normalWrapper.vm.foo
+
+const classWrapper = mount(ClassComponent)
+const classFoo: string = classWrapper.vm.bar
+
+const functinalWrapper = mount(functionalOptions)
+
+/**
+ * Test for mount options
+ */
+const localVue = createLocalVue()
+localVue.use(Vuex)
+
+const store = new Vuex.Store({})
+
+renderToString(ClassComponent, {
+  localVue,
+  mocks: {
+    $store: store
+  },
+  slots: {
+    default: `<div>Foo</div>`,
+    foo: [normalOptions, functionalOptions],
+    bar: ClassComponent
+  },
+  stubs: {
+    foo: normalOptions,
+    bar: functionalOptions,
+    baz: ClassComponent,
+    qux: `<div>Test</div>`
+  },
+  attrs: {
+    attribute: 'attr'
+  },
+  listeners: {
+    listener: () => {}
+  }
+})

From b21d5ab972935e38ce6bc565a9abfae15296a7e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 18:08:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] Throw error if not in node in renderToString

---
 src/lib/util.js                                   |  6 ++++++
 src/renderToString.js                             |  4 ++++
 test/resources/test-utils.js                      |  4 +++-
 test/setup/karma.conf.js                          |  4 ++--
 test/setup/loadTests.js                           |  3 +++
 test/setup/webpack.test.config.js                 |  5 ++++-
 .../mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js     |  7 +++++--
 test/specs/renderToString.spec.js                 | 15 +++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/setup/loadTests.js
 create mode 100644 test/specs/renderToString.spec.js

diff --git a/src/lib/util.js b/src/lib/util.js
index 153f468ed..cf785a300 100644
--- a/src/lib/util.js
+++ b/src/lib/util.js
@@ -21,3 +21,9 @@ export const capitalize = (str: string): string => str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() +
  */
 const hyphenateRE = /\B([A-Z])/g
 export const hyphenate = (str: string): string => str.replace(hyphenateRE, '-$1').toLowerCase()
+
+export const runningInNode = typeof require === 'function' &&
+    typeof Buffer === 'function' &&
+    typeof Buffer.byteLength === 'function' &&
+    typeof Buffer.prototype !== 'undefined' &&
+    typeof Buffer.prototype.write === 'function'
diff --git a/src/renderToString.js b/src/renderToString.js
index a05f38625..845d2c8d9 100644
--- a/src/renderToString.js
+++ b/src/renderToString.js
@@ -4,11 +4,15 @@ import Vue from 'vue'
 import createInstance from './lib/create-instance'
 import './lib/polyfills/object-assign-polyfill'
 import { throwError } from './lib/util'
+import { runningInNode } from './lib/util'
 
 Vue.config.productionTip = false
 Vue.config.devtools = false
 
 export default function renderToString (component: Component, options: Options = {}): string {
+  if (runningInNode) {
+    throwError('renderToString must be run in node. It cannot be run in a browser')
+  }
   const renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
   // Remove cached constructor
   delete component._Ctor
diff --git a/test/resources/test-utils.js b/test/resources/test-utils.js
index f015815bd..3770243c1 100644
--- a/test/resources/test-utils.js
+++ b/test/resources/test-utils.js
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import { shallow, mount, renderToString } from '~vue-test-utils'
 
 export const vueVersion = Number(`${Vue.version.split('.')[0]}.${Vue.version.split('.')[1]}`)
 
+export const isRunningJSDOM = navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom')
+
 export function injectSupported () {
   return vueVersion > 2.2
 }
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ export function functionalSFCsSupported () {
 }
 
 const shallowAndMount = [mount, shallow]
-const shallowMountAndRender = (navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom'))
+const shallowMountAndRender = isRunningJSDOM
   ? [mount, shallow, renderToString]
   : [mount, shallow]
 
diff --git a/test/setup/karma.conf.js b/test/setup/karma.conf.js
index 7777394a2..e011b65dd 100644
--- a/test/setup/karma.conf.js
+++ b/test/setup/karma.conf.js
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ module.exports = function (config) {
     reporters: ['spec'],
     files: [
       '../../node_modules/babel-polyfill/dist/polyfill.js',
-      '../specs/**/*.+(vue|js)'
+      'loadtests.js'
     ],
     preprocessors: {
-      '../specs/**/*.+(vue|js)': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']
+      'loadtests.js': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']
     },
     client: { mocha: { timeout: 20000 }},
     webpack: webpackConfig,
diff --git a/test/setup/loadTests.js b/test/setup/loadTests.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9563fff0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/setup/loadTests.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const testsContext = require.context('../specs', true, /\.spec\.(js|vue)$/)
+
+testsContext.keys().forEach(testsContext)
diff --git a/test/setup/webpack.test.config.js b/test/setup/webpack.test.config.js
index 74f710f71..6660d520c 100644
--- a/test/setup/webpack.test.config.js
+++ b/test/setup/webpack.test.config.js
@@ -38,5 +38,8 @@ module.exports = {
     devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate: '[absolute-resource-path]',
     devtoolFallbackModuleFilenameTemplate: '[absolute-resource-path]?[hash]'
   },
-  devtool: '#inline-cheap-module-source-map'
+  devtool: '#inline-cheap-module-source-map',
+  node: {
+    fs: 'empty'
+  }
 }
diff --git a/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js b/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
index 9d4fa595f..500bd7b3b 100644
--- a/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
+++ b/test/specs/mounting-options/attachToDocument.spec.js
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { compileToFunctions } from 'vue-template-compiler'
-import { describeWithShallowAndMount } from '~resources/test-utils'
+import {
+  describeWithShallowAndMount,
+  isRunningJSDOM
+} from '~resources/test-utils'
 import { renderToString } from '~vue-test-utils'
 
 describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attachToDocument', (mountingMethod) => {
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ describeWithShallowAndMount('options.attachToDocument', (mountingMethod) => {
 describe('options.attachToDocument with renderToString', () => {
   it('throws error that renderToString does not accept attachToDocument', () => {
     // renderToString can only be run in node
-    if (!(navigator.userAgent.includes && navigator.userAgent.includes('jsdom'))) {
+    if (!isRunningJSDOM) {
       return
     }
     const compiled = compileToFunctions('<div><input /></div>')
diff --git a/test/specs/renderToString.spec.js b/test/specs/renderToString.spec.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af2100a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/specs/renderToString.spec.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { renderToString } from '~vue-test-utils'
+import Component from '~resources/components/component.vue'
+import {
+  isRunningJSDOM,
+  itDoNotRunIf
+} from '~resources/test-utils'
+
+describe('renderToString', () => {
+  itDoNotRunIf(isRunningJSDOM,
+    'throws error when not run in node', () => {
+      const fn = () => renderToString(Component)
+      const message = '[vue-test-utils]: renderToString must be run in node. It cannot be run in a browser'
+      expect(fn).to.throw().with.property('message', message)
+    })
+})

From 1daf59ac9bced5c8f2a83aee4961d2a2a8c22423 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 18:32:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] fix flow errors

---
 src/lib/util.js | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lib/util.js b/src/lib/util.js
index cf785a300..458d82c6f 100644
--- a/src/lib/util.js
+++ b/src/lib/util.js
@@ -24,6 +24,4 @@ export const hyphenate = (str: string): string => str.replace(hyphenateRE, '-$1'
 
 export const runningInNode = typeof require === 'function' &&
     typeof Buffer === 'function' &&
-    typeof Buffer.byteLength === 'function' &&
-    typeof Buffer.prototype !== 'undefined' &&
-    typeof Buffer.prototype.write === 'function'
+    typeof Buffer.byteLength === 'function'

From 35263aa876a0f58e78e921af76cb37e0c9f5cb03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 21:05:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] fix: change runningInNode check

---
 src/lib/util.js       | 6 +++---
 src/renderToString.js | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lib/util.js b/src/lib/util.js
index 458d82c6f..8f45dcad2 100644
--- a/src/lib/util.js
+++ b/src/lib/util.js
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ export const capitalize = (str: string): string => str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() +
 const hyphenateRE = /\B([A-Z])/g
 export const hyphenate = (str: string): string => str.replace(hyphenateRE, '-$1').toLowerCase()
 
-export const runningInNode = typeof require === 'function' &&
-    typeof Buffer === 'function' &&
-    typeof Buffer.byteLength === 'function'
+export const runningInNode =
+  Object.prototype.toString.call(typeof process !== 'undefined' ? process : 0) === '[object process]' ||
+  !process.browser
diff --git a/src/renderToString.js b/src/renderToString.js
index 845d2c8d9..3702d126b 100644
--- a/src/renderToString.js
+++ b/src/renderToString.js
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Vue.config.productionTip = false
 Vue.config.devtools = false
 
 export default function renderToString (component: Component, options: Options = {}): string {
-  if (runningInNode) {
+  if (!runningInNode) {
     throwError('renderToString must be run in node. It cannot be run in a browser')
   }
   const renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()

From a098f062afc83f6b092dafd0b67b2a5a4eef0b77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 21:19:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] fix flow error

---
 src/lib/util.js | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/src/lib/util.js b/src/lib/util.js
index 8f45dcad2..a1fdfcfec 100644
--- a/src/lib/util.js
+++ b/src/lib/util.js
@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ export const hyphenate = (str: string): string => str.replace(hyphenateRE, '-$1'
 
 export const runningInNode =
   Object.prototype.toString.call(typeof process !== 'undefined' ? process : 0) === '[object process]' ||
+  // $FlowIgnore
   !process.browser

From e3d91394cd697a6b98e2b0339b95801b9b568528 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 21:40:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] fix: remove isNode check

---
 src/lib/util.js       | 5 -----
 src/renderToString.js | 8 +++++---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lib/util.js b/src/lib/util.js
index a1fdfcfec..153f468ed 100644
--- a/src/lib/util.js
+++ b/src/lib/util.js
@@ -21,8 +21,3 @@ export const capitalize = (str: string): string => str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() +
  */
 const hyphenateRE = /\B([A-Z])/g
 export const hyphenate = (str: string): string => str.replace(hyphenateRE, '-$1').toLowerCase()
-
-export const runningInNode =
-  Object.prototype.toString.call(typeof process !== 'undefined' ? process : 0) === '[object process]' ||
-  // $FlowIgnore
-  !process.browser
diff --git a/src/renderToString.js b/src/renderToString.js
index 3702d126b..eb012ab2b 100644
--- a/src/renderToString.js
+++ b/src/renderToString.js
@@ -4,16 +4,18 @@ import Vue from 'vue'
 import createInstance from './lib/create-instance'
 import './lib/polyfills/object-assign-polyfill'
 import { throwError } from './lib/util'
-import { runningInNode } from './lib/util'
 
 Vue.config.productionTip = false
 Vue.config.devtools = false
 
 export default function renderToString (component: Component, options: Options = {}): string {
-  if (!runningInNode) {
+  let renderer
+  try {
+    renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
+  } catch (e) {}
+  if (!renderer) {
     throwError('renderToString must be run in node. It cannot be run in a browser')
   }
-  const renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
   // Remove cached constructor
   delete component._Ctor
 

From decc61be57becba73c0abe258ebf71087bf240f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 21:52:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] Fix flow error

---
 src/renderToString.js | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/renderToString.js b/src/renderToString.js
index eb012ab2b..c040f88f2 100644
--- a/src/renderToString.js
+++ b/src/renderToString.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ export default function renderToString (component: Component, options: Options =
   try {
     renderer = require('vue-server-renderer').createRenderer()
   } catch (e) {}
+
   if (!renderer) {
     throwError('renderToString must be run in node. It cannot be run in a browser')
   }
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ export default function renderToString (component: Component, options: Options =
 
   let renderedString = ''
 
+  // $FlowIgnore
   renderer.renderToString(vm, (err, res) => {
     if (err) {
       console.log(err)

From 74a14bf38993e1f3d8df82dec8e646a5e034e282 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: eddyerburgh <edward.yerburgh@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 2018 22:19:00 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] fix karma load-test caing

---
 test/setup/karma.conf.js                   | 4 ++--
 test/setup/{loadTests.js => load-tests.js} | 0
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 rename test/setup/{loadTests.js => load-tests.js} (100%)

diff --git a/test/setup/karma.conf.js b/test/setup/karma.conf.js
index e011b65dd..17a9c0e7f 100644
--- a/test/setup/karma.conf.js
+++ b/test/setup/karma.conf.js
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ module.exports = function (config) {
     reporters: ['spec'],
     files: [
       '../../node_modules/babel-polyfill/dist/polyfill.js',
-      'loadtests.js'
+      'load-tests.js'
     ],
     preprocessors: {
-      'loadtests.js': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']
+      'load-tests.js': ['webpack', 'sourcemap']
     },
     client: { mocha: { timeout: 20000 }},
     webpack: webpackConfig,
diff --git a/test/setup/loadTests.js b/test/setup/load-tests.js
similarity index 100%
rename from test/setup/loadTests.js
rename to test/setup/load-tests.js