Droughts in geological complex environments where groundwater is important
@@ -684,7 +685,7 @@References
- CEH. (2012). Retrieved 7 Sep 2013, from www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/nhmp/other_reports/2012_Drought_Transformation.pdf
- EA (2012). Review of the 2010-2012 drought and prospects for water resources in 2013. Environment Agency Report. -
- Matrosov E.S., Harou, J.J. and Loucks D.P., 2010. A computationally efficient open-source water resource system simulator - Application to London and the Thames Basin. Environmental Modeling & Software. Volume 26, Issue 12, December 2011, Pages 1599–1610. +
- Matrosov E.S., Harou, J.J. and Loucks D.P., 2010. A computationally efficient open-source water resource system simulator - Application to London and the Thames Basin. Environmental Modeling & Software. Volume 26, Issue 12, December 2011, Pages 1599–1610.
User story
-
-
- population profiles for the place codes using ASGS codes [uc7.1&6] -
- nearby sensors providing hydro/met data that are in the containing hydrological reporting unit [7.2 & 6] +
- population profiles for the place codes using ASGS codes [uc7.1&6] +
- nearby sensors providing hydro/met data that are in the containing hydrological reporting unit [7.2 & 6]
Satellite data processing
- Data from the TM (Landsat 5) and ETM+ (Landsat 7) sensors were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and corrected for atmosphere, topographic and bi-directional surface reflectance effects, standardized to a nadir view (i.e., satellite zenith angle is zero) and a solar zenith angle of 45°)
- The MODIS 16-Day Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance product (MCD43A4) provides surface reflectance data as if they were taken from the nadir view and uses the solar angle calculated at local solar noon (Schaaf et al., 2002). MCD43A4 data were obtained from the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LPDAAC). These data were resampled to a geographic coordinate system. -
- The MODIS surface reflectance products from the Terra satellite (MOD09) provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering and absorption (Vermote et al, 2011; Vermote & Kotchenova, 2008). The 8-day composite (MOD09A1) selects the best possible observation from an 8-day window, selected on the basis of high observation coverage, low viewing angle, cloud free and low aerosol loading, with a spatial resolution of 500 meters and seven spectral bands. The MOD09A1 surface reflectance data used here were subject to the same geometric processing as the MCD43A4 data. +
- The MODIS surface reflectance products from the Terra satellite (MOD09) provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering and absorption (Vermote et al, 2011; Vermote & Kotchenova, 2008). The 8-day composite (MOD09A1) selects the best possible observation from an 8-day window, selected on the basis of high observation coverage, low viewing angle, cloud free and low aerosol loading, with a spatial resolution of 500 meters and seven spectral bands. The MOD09A1 surface reflectance data used here were subject to the same geometric processing as the MCD43A4 data.
- Field measurements of fractional cover were obtained at 913 sites across Australia (ABARES, 2013). Exactly 78 of those sites were sampled repeatedly, resulting in a total of 127 observations (a measurement taken at a given site on a specific date). The field observations did not systematically record soil color or soil moisture. Recent observations include soil color (Munsell Soil Color Charts, 1994), yet soil moisture is only subjectively measured (i.e., wet or dry). To derive these two soil properties consistently and objectively for the entire series we used information derived from other sources.
As a result, a combined product is proposed which gives flexibility to use MODIS-derived estimates when large areas and high temporal repetition is desired, and Landsat-derived estimates when high spatial resolution is essential and/or when data prior to 2000 is needed. The algorithms needed for implementing a fractional cover product based on a blended Landsat-MODIS product are given [1].
@@ -855,7 +856,7 @@Atlas of Living Australia (ALA)
Reef Life Survey (RLS)
RLS have visited 2500+ coral and rocky reef sites and have conducted approx 6000 surveys across those sites. Each survey is conducted at a nominal ‘site’.
During a survey observations are recorded of each of (1) vertebrate species abundance and biomass and (2) invertebrate species abundance.
Studying the morphology of disease at the cellular and sub-cellular levels using high resolution tissue images is extremely important to help understand the nature of various cancers. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) contains over 32,000 de-identified whole-slide microscopy images (WSI) of over two dozen cancer types. These images can contain between 100K-1M nuclei each. Biomedical informatics researcher have developed (and continue to develop) software to automatically segment nuclei for study. The spatial features of each nucleus and groups of nuclei as it relates to other nuclei combined with other linked data such as other morphological features (crypts, ducts, etc.) and/or patient lab results are used in analyzing and categorizing tissues and patients into groups and in comparing such groupings to understand disease mechanisms in a particular cancer type as well as across cancer types.
- Representing nuclear segmentations is often done with binary masks or through polygon representations (e.g., the use of Well Known Text (WKT) representations) and also by leveraging work from the Geospatial community. However, in the case of nuclear segmentations, coordinate systems are 2D & 3D Cartesian based. Although the majority of work is this area is 2D-based, a growing segment of microscopy is also 3D-based as the technology develops and become more sophisticated. As living tissue can change over time through growth, infection, cancer, damage, etc, (as well as its associated organism’s various properties) it is important that spatial locations of features such as nuclear segmentation be also represented in a temporal aspect for proper comparisons. Representing nuclear segmentations is often done with binary masks or through polygon representations (e.g., the use of Well Known Text (WKT) representations) and also by leveraging work from the Geospatial community. However, in the case of nuclear segmentations, coordinate systems are 2D & 3D Cartesian based. Although the majority of work is this area is 2D-based, a growing segment of microscopy is also 3D-based as the technology develops and become more sophisticated. As living tissue can change over time through growth, infection, cancer, damage, etc, (as well as its associated organism’s various properties) it is important that spatial locations of features such as nuclear segmentation be also represented in a temporal aspect for proper comparisons. Samples of TCGA WSI data can be viewed at: http://cancer.digitalslidearchive.net Spatial data modeling issues solved in existing models shall be considered for adoption, e.g. O&M or SoilML. Spatial data modeling issues solved in existing models shall be considered for adoption, e.g. O&M or SoilML.
-
This document describes use cases that demand a combination of geospatial and non-geospatial
data sources and techniques. It underpins the collaborative work of the
Spatial Data on the Web Working Groups operated
by both W3C and OGC.
The mission of the Spatial Data on the Web Working Group, as described in its charter, is to clarify and to formalize standards on spatial data on the web. In particular: The deliverables of this Working Group are described in the Working Group Charter. For convenience those deliverables are replicated in this chapter. The charter remains the authorative source of the definition of deliverables. A document setting out the range of problems that the working groups are trying to solve (this document). This will include: The WG will work with the authors of the existing Time Ontology in OWL to complete the development of this widely used ontology through to Recommendation status. Further requirements already identified in the geospatial community will be taken into account. The WG will work with the members of the former Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group to develop its ontology into a formal Recommendation, noting the work to split the ontology into smaller sections to offer simplified access. The WG will develop a formal Recommendation for expressing discrete coverage data conformant to the ISO 19123 abstract model. Existing standard and de facto ontologies will be examined for applicability; these will include the RDF Data Cube. The Recommendation will include provision for describing the subset of coverages that are simple timeseries datasets - where a time-varying property is measured at a fixed location. OGC's WaterML 2 Part 1 - Timeseries will be used as an initial basis. Given that coverage data can often be extremely large in size, publication of the individual data points as Linked Data may not always be appropriate. The Recommendation will include provision for describing an entire coverage dataset and subsets thereof published in more compact formats using Linked Data. For example where a third party wishes to annotate a subset of a large coverage dataset or a data provider wishes to publish a large coverage dataset in smaller subsets to support convenient reuse. In order to find out the requirements for the deliverables of the Working Group, use cases were collected. For the purpose of the Working Group, a use case is a story that describes challenges with respect to spatial data on the web for existing or envisaged information systems. It does not need to adhere to certain standardised format. Use cases are primarily used as a source of requirements, but a use case could be revisited near the time the work of the Working Group will reach completion, to demonstrate that it is now possible to make the use case work. The Working Group has derived requirements from the collected use cases. A requirement is something that needs to be achieved by one or more deliverables and is phrased as a specification of functionality. Requirements can lead to one or more tests that can prove whether the requirement is met. Care was taken to only derive requirements that are considered to in scope for the further work of the Working Group. The scope of the Working Group is determined by the charter. To help keeping the requirements in scope, the following questions were applied: Use cases that describe current problems or future opportunities for spatial data on the web have been gathered as a first activity of the Working Group. They were mainly contributed by members of Working Group, but there were also contributions from other interested parties. In this chapter these use cases are listed and identified. Each use case is related to one or more Working Group deliverables and to one or more requirements for future deliverables. Chris Little, based on scenarios used for the WMO infrastructure requirements. She receives the pamphlet as a scanned image of each page, and she decides that the quantitative information in the paper is useful, so she arranges transcription of the tabular numerical data and their summary values into a digital form and publishes the dataset, with a persistent identifier, and links it to a detailed coverage extent, the original paper source, the scanned pages and her paper when it is published. She also incorporates scanned charts and graphs from the original pamphlet into her paper. Her organization creates a catalog record for her research paper dataset and publishes it in the WIS global catalog, which makes it also visible to the GEO System of Systems broker portal. Jeremy Tandy These information types are varied in type and size. In particular, the acoustic survey (e.g. side-scan sonar) is difficult to manage as these survey results can be many gigabytes in size and cover large areas. A way is needed to refer to just a small part of these coverage data sets that are relevant to a particular habitat zone analysis. Manolis KoubarakisMethods 1 & 2
+ Methods 1 & 2
TCGA / Microscopy Imaging
Incorporating geospatial data (e.g. geo-referenced geometry) into interactiv
-
+
Smart Cities
@@ -1308,7 +1309,7 @@ 4D model of space-time
Model reuse
- 
Spatial Data on the Web Use Cases & Requirements
- W3C Editor's Draft
+ W3C First Public Working Draft
Editors:
@@ -270,14 +268,14 @@
Abstract
+ Abstract
Status of This Document
+ Status of This Document
@@ -289,7 +287,7 @@
- This document was published by the Spatial Data on the Web Working Group as an Editor's Draft.
+ This document was published by the Spatial Data on the Web Working Group as a First Public Working Draft.
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
@@ -310,7 +308,7 @@
- Publication as an Editor's Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C
+ Publication as a First Public Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C
Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in
progress.
@@ -325,6 +323,8 @@
.
+ The group does not expect this document to become a W3C Recommendation.
+
W3C maintains a public list of any patent
@@ -348,10 +348,10 @@
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
+ 1. Introduction
@@ -364,15 +364,15 @@
The requirements described in this document will be the basis for development of the other four deliverables of the Working Group.
2. Deliverables
+ 2. Deliverables
2.1 Use Cases and Requirements
+ 2.1 Use Cases and Requirements
2.2 Spatial Data on the Web Best Practices
+ 2.2 Spatial Data on the Web Best Practices
develop advice on, or possibly define, RESTful APIs to return data in a variety of formats including those defined elsewhere, such as GeoJSON, GeoJSON-LD and TopoJSON.
2.3 Time Ontology in OWL
+ 2.3 Time Ontology in OWL
2.4 Semantic Sensor Network Vocabulary
+ 2.4 Semantic Sensor Network Vocabulary
2.5 Coverage in Linked Data
+ 2.5 Coverage in Linked Data
3. Methodology
+ 3. Methodology
4. Use Cases
+ 4. Use Cases
4.1 Meteorological Data Rescue
+ 4.1 Meteorological Data Rescue
Envisage an environmental scientist in Cambodia, researching the impact of deforestation in Vietnam as part of investigating the regional impacts of climate change. She submits her search keywords, in Cambodian, and receives responses indicating there is some data from the 1950s, printed in a 1960 pamphlet, in the Bibliothèque Nationale, a library in Paris, France, in French. She receives an abstract of some form that enables her to decide that the data are worth accessing, and initiates a request for a digital copy to be sent.
4.2 Habitat zone verification for designation of Marine Conservation Zones
+ 4.2 Habitat zone verification for designation of Marine Conservation Zones
4.3 Real-time Wildfire Monitoring
+ 4.3 Real-time Wildfire Monitoring
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Some of the data used in the operational service is
available separately.