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+# Monaco 0.52 → 0.53 ESM Migration Plan (Vite/Electron)
+
+**Status:** Deferred to next release.
+**Current:** Pinned to `monaco-editor@0.52.x` (works with `@monaco-editor/loader`).
+**Target:** Switch to `monaco-editor@≥0.53` ESM build and drop `@monaco-editor/loader` + AMD path copy.
+
+---
+
+## Why this change
+
+- Monaco 0.53 deprecates the AMD build. The loader/AMD path mapping (`paths: { vs: "monaco" }`) becomes brittle.
+- ESM build uses **module workers**, which require explicit worker wiring.
+- Benefits: cleaner bundling with Vite, fewer legacy shims, better CSP/Electron compatibility.
+
+---
+
+## High‑level plan
+
+1. **Remove AMD/loader**: uninstall `@monaco-editor/loader`; remove `viteStaticCopy` of `min/vs/*`; delete `loader.config/init` calls.
+2. **Install Monaco ≥0.53** and **wire ESM workers** via `MonacoEnvironment.getWorker`.
+3. **Keep main bundle slim**: lazy‑load the Monaco setup; optionally force a separate `monaco` chunk.
+4. **Electron / build**: ensure `base: './'` in Vite for packaged apps.
+
+---
+
+## Step‑by‑step
+
+### 1) Dependencies
+
+```bash
+# next cycle:
+npm rm @monaco-editor/loader
+npm i monaco-editor@^0.53
+```
+
+### 2) Remove AMD-era build config
+
+- Delete `viteStaticCopy({ targets: [{ src: "node_modules/monaco-editor/min/vs/*", dest: "monaco" }] })`.
+- Delete:
+
+  ```ts
+  loader.config({ paths: { vs: "monaco" } });
+  await loader.init();
+  ```
+
+### 3) Add ESM setup module
+
+Create `monaco-setup.ts`:
+
+```ts
+// monaco-setup.ts
+import * as monaco from "monaco-editor/esm/vs/editor/editor.api";
+import "monaco-editor/esm/vs/editor/editor.all.css";
+
+(self as any).MonacoEnvironment = {
+  getWorker(_moduleId: string, label: string) {
+    switch (label) {
+      case "json":
+        return new Worker(new URL("monaco-editor/esm/vs/language/json/json.worker.js", import.meta.url), {
+          type: "module",
+        });
+      case "css":
+        return new Worker(new URL("monaco-editor/esm/vs/language/css/css.worker.js", import.meta.url), {
+          type: "module",
+        });
+      case "html":
+        return new Worker(new URL("monaco-editor/esm/vs/language/html/html.worker.js", import.meta.url), {
+          type: "module",
+        });
+      case "typescript":
+      case "javascript":
+        return new Worker(new URL("monaco-editor/esm/vs/language/typescript/ts.worker.js", import.meta.url), {
+          type: "module",
+        });
+      default:
+        return new Worker(new URL("monaco-editor/esm/vs/editor/editor.worker.js", import.meta.url), { type: "module" });
+    }
+  },
+};
+
+export { monaco };
+```
+
+### 4) Import lazily where used
+
+```ts
+// where the editor UI mounts
+const { monaco } = await import("./monaco-setup");
+const editor = monaco.editor.create(container, { language: "javascript", value: "" });
+```
+
+### 5) Optional: isolate Monaco into its own chunk
+
+`vite.config.ts`:
+
+```ts
+import { defineConfig } from "vite";
+
+export default defineConfig({
+  base: "./", // important for Electron packaged apps
+  build: {
+    rollupOptions: {
+      output: {
+        manualChunks(id) {
+          if (id.includes("node_modules/monaco-editor")) return "monaco";
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+});
+```
+
+> Note: Workers created via `new URL(..., import.meta.url)` are emitted as **separate chunks** automatically.
+
+---
+
+## Bundle size controls (pick what you need)
+
+- Import `editor.api` instead of full `editor` (already done above).
+- Only include workers you use (drop `json/css/html` blocks if not needed).
+- Lazy‑load Monaco with `import()` behind the UI that needs it.
+- Optionally dynamic‑import language contributions on demand:
+
+  ```ts
+  if (lang === "json") {
+    await import("monaco-editor/esm/vs/language/json/monaco.contribution");
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+## Electron specifics
+
+- `base: './'` in `vite.config.ts` so worker URLs resolve under `file://` in packaged apps.
+- `{ type: 'module' }` is required for Monaco’s ESM workers.
+- This approach avoids blob URLs and works with stricter CSPs.
+
+---
+
+## Test checklist
+
+- Dev: editor renders; no 404s for worker scripts; language services active (TS hover/diagnostics, JSON schema).
+- Prod build: verify worker files emitted; open packaged Electron app and ensure workers load (no "Cannot use import statement outside a module").
+- Hot paths: open/close editor repeatedly; memory doesn’t grow unbounded.
+
+---
+
+## Rollback plan
+
+If anything blocks the release, revert to:
+
+```bash
+npm i monaco-editor@0.52.x
+npm i -D @monaco-editor/loader
+```
+
+Restore the `viteStaticCopy` block and `loader.config/init` calls.
+
+---
+
+## Open questions (optional)
+
+- Do we need JSON/CSS/HTML workers in the default bundle? (Decide before wiring.)
+- Any extra CSP limitations for production? (If so, confirm worker script allowances.)
+
+---
+
+## Snippet index (for quick copy)
+
+- `monaco-setup.ts` (ESM + workers): see above.
+- `vite.config.ts` (`base: './'` + `manualChunks`): see above.
+- Lazy import site: `const { monaco } = await import('./monaco-setup');`