instructions.py

""" X86 target descriptions and encodings.

See for a reference: http://ref.x86asm.net/coder64.html
"""

from ..generic_instructions import Label, RegisterUseDef
from ..isa import Isa
from ..encoding import Instruction, Operand, Syntax, Constructor, Relocation
from .. import effects
from ...utils.bitfun import wrap_negative
from ..token import Token, u8, u16, u32, u64, bit_range, bit
from .registers import rcx, al, cl, rax, rdx, rbp, eax, edx, ecx, cx, dx
from .registers import rsp, ax, Register32
from .registers import Register64, Register16, Register8

isa = Isa()


# Table 3.1 of the intel manual:
# use REX.W on the table below:


# Helper functions:


class Imm8Token(Token):
    class Info:
        size = 8

    disp8 = bit_range(0, 8, signed=True)


class PrefixToken(Token):
    class Info:
        size = 8

    prefix = bit_range(0, 8)


class Prefix2Token(Token):
    class Info:
        size = 8

    prefix2 = bit_range(0, 8)


class OpcodeToken(Token):
    """ Primary opcode """

    class Info:
        size = 8

    opcode = bit_range(0, 8)


class SecondaryOpcodeToken(Token):
    """ Secondary opcode """

    class Info:
        size = 8

    opcode2 = bit_range(0, 8)


class ModRmToken(Token):
    """ Construct the modrm byte from its components """

    class Info:
        size = 8

    def __init__(self, mod=0, rm=0, reg=0):
        super().__init__()
        self.mod = mod
        self.rm = rm
        self.reg = reg

    mod = bit_range(6, 8)
    rm = bit_range(0, 3)
    reg = bit_range(3, 6)


class SibToken(Token):
    class Info:
        size = 8

    def __init__(self, ss=0):
        super().__init__()
        self.ss = ss

    ss = bit_range(6, 8)
    index = bit_range(3, 6)
    base = bit_range(0, 3)


class RexToken(Token):
    """ Create a REX prefix byte """

    class Info:
        size = 8

    def __init__(self, w=0, r=0, x=0, b=0):
        super().__init__()
        self.w = w
        self.r = r
        self.x = x
        self.b = b
        self.set_bit(6, 1)

    w = bit(3)
    r = bit(2)
    x = bit(1)
    b = bit(0)


class RexOpcodeRmToken(Token):
    """ A single token that combines rex prefix, opcode and mod rm """

    class Info:
        size = 24

    w = bit(1)


class Imm32Token(Token):
    class Info:
        size = 32

    disp32 = bit_range(0, 32)


class Imm64Token(Token):
    class Info:
        size = 64

    disp64 = bit_range(0, 64)


@isa.register_relocation
class Rel32JmpRelocation(Relocation):
    token = Imm32Token
    field = "disp32"
    name = "rel32"

    def calc(self, sym_value, reloc_value):
        offset = sym_value - reloc_value + self.addend
        return offset


@isa.register_relocation
class Abs32Relocation(Relocation):
    """ Absolute 32 bit relocation value """

    token = Imm32Token
    field = "disp32"
    name = "abs32"

    def calc(self, sym_value, reloc_value):
        return sym_value


@isa.register_relocation
class Jmp8Relocation(Relocation):
    token = Imm8Token
    field = "disp8"
    name = "jmp8"

    def calc(self, sym_value, reloc_value):
        offset = sym_value - (reloc_value + 1)
        return offset


@isa.register_relocation
class Abs64Relocation(Relocation):
    token = Imm64Token
    field = "disp64"
    name = "abs64"

    def calc(self, sym_value, reloc_value):
        return wrap_negative(sym_value, 64)


# Actual instructions:
class X86Instruction(Instruction):
    """ Base instruction for all x86 instructions """

    tokens = [ModRmToken]
    isa = isa


class NearJump(X86Instruction):
    """ jmp imm32 """

    target = Operand("target", str)
    syntax = Syntax(["jmp", " ", target])
    tokens = [OpcodeToken, Imm32Token]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xE9}

    def relocations(self):
        return [Rel32JmpRelocation(self.target, offset=1, addend=-4)]

    def effect(self):
        return [effects.Assign(effects.PC, self.target)]


class ConditionalJump(X86Instruction):
    """ j?? imm32 """

    target = Operand("target", str)
    tokens = [PrefixToken, OpcodeToken, Imm32Token]

    def relocations(self):
        return [Rel32JmpRelocation(self.target, offset=2, addend=-4)]


def make_cjump(mnemonic, opcode):
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", ConditionalJump.target])
    patterns = {"prefix": 0xF, "opcode": opcode}
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "patterns": patterns}
    return type(mnemonic.title(), (ConditionalJump,), members)


Jb = make_cjump("jb", 0x82)  # cf=1
Jae = make_cjump("jae", 0x83)  # cf=0
Je = make_cjump("jz", 0x84)
Jne = make_cjump("jne", 0x85)
Jbe = make_cjump("jbe", 0x86)
Ja = make_cjump("ja", 0x87)
Js = make_cjump("js", 0x88)

Jl = make_cjump("jl", 0x8C)
Jge = make_cjump("jge", 0x8D)
Jle = make_cjump("jle", 0x8E)
Jg = make_cjump("jg", 0x8F)


class ShortJump(X86Instruction):
    """ jmp imm8 """

    tokens = [OpcodeToken, Imm8Token]
    target = Operand("target", str)
    syntax = Syntax(["jmpshort", target])
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xEB}

    def relocations(self):
        return [Jmp8Relocation(self.target, offset=1)]


class Push(X86Instruction):
    """ Push a register onto the stack """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["push", " ", reg])

    def encode(self):
        code = []
        if self.reg.rexbit == 1:
            code.append(0x41)
        code.append(0x50 + self.reg.regbits)
        return bytes(code)


class Pop(X86Instruction):
    """ Pop a register of the stack """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["pop", " ", reg])

    def encode(self):
        code = []
        if self.reg.rexbit == 1:
            code.append(0x41)
        code.append(0x58 + self.reg.regbits)
        return bytes(code)


class Int(X86Instruction):
    """ Trigger an interrupt """

    nr = Operand("nr", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["int", " ", nr])
    tokens = [OpcodeToken, Imm8Token]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xCD, "disp8": nr}


class CallReg(X86Instruction):
    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["call", " ", "*", reg])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        tokens[0].b = self.reg.rexbit
        tokens[1][0:8] = 0xFF  # 0xFF /2 == call r/m64
        tokens[2].mod = 3
        tokens[2].reg = 2
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Call(X86Instruction):
    """ call a function """

    target = Operand("target", str)
    syntax = Syntax(["call", " ", target])
    tokens = [OpcodeToken, Imm32Token]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xE8}

    def relocations(self):
        return [Rel32JmpRelocation(self.target, offset=1, addend=-4)]


class Ret(X86Instruction):
    syntax = Syntax(["ret"])
    tokens = [OpcodeToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xC3}


class Syscall(X86Instruction):
    syntax = Syntax(["syscall"])
    tokens = [OpcodeToken, SecondaryOpcodeToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0x0F, "opcode2": 0x05}


class Inc(X86Instruction):
    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, read=True, write=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["inc", " ", reg])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"w": 1, "opcode": 0xFF, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        # TODO: figure good way for this so that it is in patterns also:
        tokens.set_field("b", self.reg.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg.regbits)
        return tokens.encode()


class RmMem(Constructor):
    """ Memory access at memory pointed by register """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["[", reg, "]"])

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        if self.reg.regbits == 5:
            # this is a rip special case, use offset of 0
            tokens.set_field("mod", 1)
            tokens.set_field("b", self.reg.rexbit)
            tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg.regbits)
            tokens.set_field("disp8", 0)
        elif self.reg.regbits == 4:
            # Switch to sib mode
            tokens.set_field("mod", 0)
            tokens.set_field("rm", 4)
            tokens.set_field("b", self.reg.rexbit)
            tokens.set_field("ss", 0)
            tokens.set_field("x", 0)
            tokens.set_field("index", 4)  # No index
            tokens.set_field("base", self.reg.regbits)
        else:
            # The 'normal' case
            tokens.set_field("mod", 0)
            tokens.set_field("b", self.reg.rexbit)
            tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg.regbits)


class RmMemDisp(Constructor):
    """ register with 8 bit displacement """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, read=True)
    disp = Operand("disp", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["[", reg, ",", " ", disp, "]"], priority=2)

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        if self.disp <= 127 and self.disp >= -128:
            tokens.set_field("mod", 1)
            tokens.set_field("disp8", self.disp)
        else:
            tokens.set_field("mod", 2)
            tokens.set_field("disp32", self.disp)

        if self.reg.regbits == 4:
            # SIB mode:
            tokens.set_field("b", self.reg.rexbit)
            tokens.set_field("rm", 4)
            tokens.set_field("ss", 0)
            tokens.set_field("x", 0)
            tokens.set_field("index", 4)  # No index
            tokens.set_field("base", self.reg.regbits)
        else:
            # Normal mode:
            tokens.set_field("b", self.reg.rexbit)
            tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg.regbits)


class RmMemDisp2(Constructor):
    """ memory access with base, index and displacement """

    regb = Operand("regb", Register64, read=True)
    regi = Operand("regi", Register64, read=True)
    disp = Operand("disp", int)
    syntax = Syntax(
        ["[", regb, ",", " ", regi, ",", " ", disp, "]"], priority=2
    )
    patterns = {"mod": 1, "rm": 4, "ss": 0}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        # assert self.regb.regbits != 5
        assert self.regi.regbits != 4
        # SIB mode:
        tokens.set_field("b", self.regb.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("x", self.regi.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("index", self.regi.regbits)
        tokens.set_field("base", self.regb.regbits)
        tokens.set_field("disp8", self.disp)


class RmRip(Constructor):
    """ rip with 32 bit displacement special case """

    disp = Operand("disp", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["[", "rip", ",", " ", disp, "]"])
    patterns = {"mod": 0, "rm": 5, "b": 0}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("disp32", self.disp)


class RmAbsLabel(Constructor):
    """ absolute address access """

    label = Operand("label", str)
    syntax = Syntax(["[", label, "]"], priority=2)
    patterns = {
        "mod": 0,
        "rm": 4,
        "index": 4,
        "x": 0,
        "b": 0,
        "ss": 0,
        "base": 5,
    }

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        pass

    def gen_relocations(self):
        # TODO: this offset is from the end of all possible tokens..
        yield Abs32Relocation(self.label, offset=-5)


class RmAbs(Constructor):
    """ absolute address access """

    address = Operand("address", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["[", address, "]"], priority=2)
    patterns = {"mod": 0, "rm": 4, "index": 4, "base": 5, "x": 0, "b": 0}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("disp32", self.address)


class RmReg64(Constructor):
    """ Register access, this case is relatively easy """

    reg_rm = Operand("reg_rm", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([reg_rm])
    patterns = {"mod": 3}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("b", self.reg_rm.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg_rm.regbits)


class RmReg32(Constructor):
    """ Register access, this case is relatively easy """

    reg_rm = Operand("reg_rm", Register32, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([reg_rm])
    patterns = {"mod": 3}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("b", self.reg_rm.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg_rm.regbits)


class RmReg16(Constructor):
    """ Short register access """

    reg_rm = Operand("reg_rm", Register16, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([reg_rm])
    patterns = {"mod": 3}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg_rm.num)


class RmReg8(Constructor):
    """ Low register access """

    reg_rm = Operand("reg_rm", Register8, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([reg_rm])
    patterns = {"mod": 3}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("b", self.reg_rm.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("rm", self.reg_rm.regbits)


mem_modes = (RmMem, RmMemDisp, RmMemDisp2)
rm64_modes = mem_modes + (RmReg64, RmRip, RmAbsLabel, RmAbs)
rm8_modes = mem_modes + (RmReg8,)
rm16_modes = mem_modes + (RmReg16,)
rm32_modes = mem_modes + (RmReg32,)


class rmregbase64(X86Instruction):
    """
    Base class for legio instructions involving a register and a
    register / memory location
    """

    tokens = [
        RexToken,
        OpcodeToken,
        ModRmToken,
        SibToken,
        Imm8Token,
        Imm32Token,
    ]
    patterns = {"w": 1}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("r", self.reg.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("reg", self.reg.regbits)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode)

    def encode(self):
        # 1. Set patterns:
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)

        # 2. Encode:
        # Rex prefix:
        r = tokens[0].encode()

        # opcode:
        r += tokens[1].encode()
        if self.opcode == 0x0F:
            tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode2
            r += tokens[1].encode()
            tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode

        # rm byte:
        r += tokens[2].encode()

        # Encode sib byte:
        if tokens[2].mod != 3 and tokens[2].rm == 4:
            r += tokens[3].encode()

        # Encode displacement bytes:
        if tokens[2].mod == 1:
            r += tokens[4].encode()
        if tokens[2].mod == 2:
            r += tokens[5].encode()

        # Rip relative addressing mode with disp32
        if tokens[2].mod == 0 and tokens[2].rm == 5:
            r += tokens[5].encode()

        # sib byte and ...
        if tokens[2].mod == 0 and tokens[2].rm == 4:
            if tokens[3].base == 5:
                r += tokens[5].encode()
        return r


class RmBase(rmregbase64):
    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("reg", self.reg)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode)


class rmregbase32(X86Instruction):
    """
    Base class for legio instructions involving a register and a
    register / memory location
    """

    tokens = [
        RexToken,
        OpcodeToken,
        ModRmToken,
        SibToken,
        Imm8Token,
        Imm32Token,
    ]
    patterns = {"w": 0}  # Switch w=0 meaning -> 32 bits

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("r", self.reg.rexbit)
        tokens.set_field("reg", self.reg.regbits)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode)

    def encode(self):
        # 1. Set patterns:
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)

        # 2. Encode:
        # Rex prefix:
        r = tokens[0].encode()

        # opcode:
        r += tokens[1].encode()
        if self.opcode == 0x0F:
            tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode2
            r += tokens[1].encode()
            tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode

        # rm byte:
        r += tokens[2].encode()

        # Encode sib byte:
        if tokens[2].mod != 3 and tokens[2].rm == 4:
            r += tokens[3].encode()

        # Encode displacement bytes:
        if tokens[2].mod == 1:
            r += tokens[4].encode()
        if tokens[2].mod == 2:
            r += tokens[5].encode()

        # Rip relative addressing mode with disp32
        if tokens[2].mod == 0 and tokens[2].rm == 5:
            r += tokens[5].encode()

        # sib byte and ...
        if tokens[2].mod == 0 and tokens[2].rm == 4:
            if tokens[3].base == 5:
                r += tokens[5].encode()
        return r


class RmBase32(rmregbase32):
    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("reg", self.reg)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode)


class rmregbase16(X86Instruction):
    tokens = [
        PrefixToken,
        RexToken,
        OpcodeToken,
        ModRmToken,
        SibToken,
        Imm8Token,
        Imm32Token,
    ]

    patterns = {"prefix": 0x66}

    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("reg", self.reg.num)

    def encode(self):
        # 1. Set patterns:
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode)

        # 2. Encode:
        # prefixes:
        r = tokens[0].encode()
        r += tokens[1].encode()

        # opcode:
        r += tokens[2].encode()
        if self.opcode == 0x0F:
            r += bytes([self.opcode2])

        # rm byte:
        rm = tokens[3]
        r += rm.encode()

        # Encode sib byte:
        sib = tokens[4]
        if rm.mod != 3 and rm.rm == 4:
            r += sib.encode()

        # Encode displacement bytes:
        if rm.mod == 1:
            r += tokens[5].encode()
        if rm.mod == 2:
            r += tokens[6].encode()

        # Rip relative addressing mode with disp32
        if rm.mod == 0 and rm.rm == 5:
            r += tokens[6].encode()

        # sib byte and ...
        if rm.mod == 0 and rm.rm == 4:
            if tokens[3].base == 5:
                r += tokens[6].encode()
        return r


class RmBase16(rmregbase16):
    def set_user_patterns(self, tokens):
        tokens.set_field("reg", self.reg)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode)


def make_rm64(mnemonic, opcode, o):
    """ Create an instruction taking a 64 bit r/m operand """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm64_modes)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm], priority=2)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "opcode": opcode, "reg": o}
    return type(mnemonic.title(), (RmBase,), members)


def make_rm32(mnemonic, opcode, o):
    """ Create an instruction taking a 32 bit r/m operand """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm32_modes)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm], priority=2)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "opcode": opcode, "reg": o}
    return type(mnemonic.title(), (RmBase,), members)


def make_rm16(mnemonic, opcode, o):
    """ Create an instruction taking a 16 bit r/m operand """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm16_modes)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm], priority=2)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "opcode": opcode, "reg": o}
    return type(mnemonic.title(), (RmBase16,), members)


Dec = make_rm64("dec", 0xFF, 1)
Jmp = make_rm64("jmp", 0xFF, 4)
# Inc = make_rm('jmp', 0xff, 4)


def make_rm_reg64(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    """ Create instruction class rm, reg """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm64_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm, ",", " ", reg], priority=0)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase64,), members)


def make_rm_reg32(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    """ Create instruction class rm, reg """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm32_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register32, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm, ",", " ", reg], priority=0)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase32,), members)


def make_rm_reg16(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    """ Create instruction class rm, reg """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm16_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register16, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm, ",", " ", reg], priority=0)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase16,), members)


def make_rm_reg8(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    """ Create instruction class rm, reg """
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register8, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", rm, ",", " ", reg], priority=0)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase64,), members)


def make_reg_rm64(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    rm = Operand("rm", rm64_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=write_op1, read=read_op1)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", reg, ",", " ", rm], priority=1)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase64,), members)


def make_reg_rm32(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    rm = Operand("rm", rm32_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register32, write=write_op1, read=read_op1)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", reg, ",", " ", rm], priority=1)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase32,), members)


def make_reg_rm16(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    rm = Operand("rm", rm16_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register16, write=write_op1, read=read_op1)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", reg, ",", " ", rm], priority=1)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins16", (rmregbase16,), members)


def make_reg_rm8(mnemonic, opcode, read_op1=True, write_op1=True):
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes)
    reg = Operand("reg", Register8, write=write_op1, read=read_op1)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", reg, ",", " ", rm], priority=1)
    members = {"syntax": syntax, "rm": rm, "reg": reg, "opcode": opcode}
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (rmregbase64,), members)


class MovsxReg64Rm8(rmregbase64):
    """ Move sign extend, which means take a byte and sign extend it! """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True)
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["movsx", " ", reg, ",", " ", rm])
    opcode = 0x0F
    opcode2 = 0xBE


class MovsxReg64Rm16(rmregbase64):
    """ Move sign extend, which means take a byte and sign extend it! """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True)
    rm = Operand("rm", rm16_modes, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["movsx", " ", reg, ",", " ", rm])
    opcode = 0x0F
    opcode2 = 0xBF


class MovsxReg32Rm8(rmregbase64):
    """ Move sign extend, which means take a byte and sign extend it! """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register32, write=True)
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["movsx", " ", reg, ",", " ", rm])
    patterns = {"w": 0}
    opcode = 0x0F
    opcode2 = 0xBE


class MovsxReg32Rm16(rmregbase64):
    """ Move sign extend, which means take a byte and sign extend it! """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register32, write=True)
    rm = Operand("rm", rm16_modes, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["movsx", " ", reg, ",", " ", rm])
    patterns = {"w": 0}
    opcode = 0x0F
    opcode2 = 0xBF


class MovsxReg16Rm8(rmregbase16):
    """ Move sign extend, which means take a byte and sign extend it! """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register16, write=True)
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["movsx", " ", reg, ",", " ", rm])
    patterns = {"w": 0, "prefix": 0x66}
    opcode = 0x0F
    opcode2 = 0xBE


class MovzxRegRm(rmregbase64):
    """ Move zero extend """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True)
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["movzx", " ", reg, ",", " ", rm])
    opcode = 0x0F
    opcode2 = 0xB6


class InstructionCollection:
    """ Helper class to be able to create instructions in batch """

    def __init__(self, bits):
        make_rm = {16: make_rm16, 32: make_rm32, 64: make_rm64}[bits]

        make_reg_rm = {
            16: make_reg_rm16,
            32: make_reg_rm32,
            64: make_reg_rm64,
        }[bits]

        make_rm_reg = {
            16: make_rm_reg16,
            32: make_rm_reg32,
            64: make_rm_reg64,
        }[bits]
        rm_modes = {16: rm16_modes, 32: rm32_modes, 64: rm64_modes}[bits]

        self.AddRmReg = make_rm_reg("add", 0x1)
        self.AddRegRm = make_reg_rm("add", 0x3)
        self.OrRmReg = make_rm_reg("or", 0x9)
        self.OrRegRm = make_reg_rm("or", 0xB)
        self.AndRmReg = make_rm_reg("and", 0x21)
        self.AndRegRm = make_reg_rm("and", 0x23)
        self.SubRmReg = make_rm_reg("sub", 0x29)
        self.SubRegRm = make_reg_rm("sub", 0x2B)

        # opcode = 0x31  # XOR r/m64, r64
        self.XorRmReg = make_rm_reg("xor", 0x31)
        self.XorRegRm = make_reg_rm("xor", 0x33)

        # cmp r/m64 r64
        self.CmpRmReg = make_rm_reg("cmp", 0x39, write_op1=False)

        self.TestRmReg = make_rm_reg("test", 0x85, write_op1=False)

        # mov r64, r/m64
        self.MovRegRm = make_reg_rm("mov", 0x8B, read_op1=False)

        # mov r/m64, r64
        self.MovRmReg = make_rm_reg("mov", 0x89, read_op1=False)

        self.ShrRm = make_rm("shr", 0xD1, 5)
        self.ShlRm = make_rm("shl", 0xD1, 5)
        self.NotRm = make_rm("not", 0xF7, 2)
        self.NegRm = make_rm("neg", 0xF7, 3)

        if bits == 16:
            bit_tokens = [PrefixToken, RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
            extra_patterns = {"w": 0, "prefix": 0x66}
        elif bits == 32:
            bit_tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
            extra_patterns = {"w": 0}
        elif bits == 64:
            bit_tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
            extra_patterns = {"w": 1}
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(str(bits))

        class shift_cl_base(X86Instruction):
            rm = Operand("rm", rm_modes)
            tokens = bit_tokens
            patterns = {"opcode": 0xD3}
            for k, v in extra_patterns.items():
                patterns[k] = v

            def encode(self):
                tokens = self.get_tokens()
                self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
                tokens.set_field("reg", self.r)
                return tokens.encode()

        class ShrCl(shift_cl_base):
            r = 5
            syntax = Syntax(["shr", " ", shift_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])

        self.ShrCl = ShrCl

        class ShlCl(shift_cl_base):
            r = 6
            syntax = Syntax(["shl", " ", shift_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])

        self.ShlCl = ShlCl

        class SarCl(shift_cl_base):
            r = 7
            syntax = Syntax(["sar", " ", shift_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])

        self.SarCl = SarCl


bits16 = InstructionCollection(16)
bits32 = InstructionCollection(32)
bits64 = InstructionCollection(64)


AddRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("add", 0x0)
AddRegRm8 = make_reg_rm8("add", 0x2)
OrRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("or", 0x8)
OrRegRm8 = make_reg_rm8("or", 0xA)
AndRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("and", 0x20)
AndRegRm8 = make_reg_rm8("and", 0x22)
SubRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("sub", 0x28)
SubRegRm8 = make_reg_rm8("sub", 0x2A)
XorRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("xor", 0x30)
XorRegRm8 = make_reg_rm8("xor", 0x32)
CmpRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("cmp", 0x38, write_op1=False)  # cmp r/m8 r8
MovRmReg8 = make_rm_reg8("mov", 0x88, read_op1=False)  # mov r/m8, r8
MovRegRm8 = make_reg_rm8("mov", 0x8A, read_op1=False)  # mov r8, r/m8


# TODO: implement lea otherwise?
Lea = make_reg_rm64("lea", 0x8D, read_op1=False)


class regint32base(X86Instruction):
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken, Imm32Token]
    patterns = {"w": 1, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg.rexbit
        tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg.regbits
        tokens[2].reg = self.reg_code
        tokens[3][0:32] = wrap_negative(self.imm, 32)
        return tokens.encode()


def make_regimm(mnemonic, opcode, reg_code):
    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True, read=True)
    imm = Operand("imm", int)
    syntax = Syntax([mnemonic, " ", reg, ",", " ", imm])
    members = {
        "syntax": syntax,
        "reg": reg,
        "imm": imm,
        "opcode": opcode,
        "reg_code": reg_code,
    }
    return type(mnemonic + "_ins", (regint32base,), members)


AddImm = make_regimm("add", 0x81, 0)
AndImm = make_regimm("and", 0x81, 4)
SubImm = make_regimm("sub", 0x81, 5)
XorImm = make_regimm("xor", 0x81, 6)
CmpImm = make_regimm("cmp", 0x81, 7)


class shift8_cl_base(X86Instruction):
    rm = Operand("rm", rm8_modes)
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xD2}
    opcode = 0xD2

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[2].reg = self.r
        return tokens.encode()


class RolCl8(shift8_cl_base):
    r = 0
    syntax = Syntax(["rol", " ", shift8_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])


class RorCl8(shift8_cl_base):
    r = 1
    syntax = Syntax(["ror", " ", shift8_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])


class ShlCl8(shift8_cl_base):
    r = 4
    syntax = Syntax(["shl", " ", shift8_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])


class ShrCl8(shift8_cl_base):
    r = 5
    syntax = Syntax(["shr", " ", shift8_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])


class SarCl8(shift8_cl_base):
    r = 7
    syntax = Syntax(["sar", " ", shift8_cl_base.rm, ",", " ", "cl"])


class Imul(X86Instruction):
    """ Multiply imul r64, r/m64 """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register64, write=True, read=True)
    reg2 = Operand("reg2", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["imul", " ", reg1, ",", " ", reg2])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, SecondaryOpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0x0F, "opcode2": 0xAF, "w": 1, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].r = self.reg1.rexbit
        tokens[0].b = self.reg2.rexbit
        tokens[3].rm = self.reg2.regbits
        tokens[3].reg = self.reg1.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Imul32(X86Instruction):
    """ Multiply imul r32, r/m32 """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register32, write=True, read=True)
    reg2 = Operand("reg2", Register32, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["imul", " ", reg1, ",", " ", reg2])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, SecondaryOpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0x0F, "opcode2": 0xAF, "w": 0, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].r = self.reg1.rexbit
        tokens[0].b = self.reg2.rexbit
        tokens[3].rm = self.reg2.regbits
        tokens[3].reg = self.reg1.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Div(X86Instruction):
    """div r/m64 divide rdx:rax by the operand, leaving the remainder in
    rdx and the quotient in rax.
    """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["div", " ", reg1])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xF7, "reg": 6, "w": 1, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg1.rexbit
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg1.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Idiv(X86Instruction):
    """idiv r/m64 divide rdx:rax by the operand, leaving the remainder in
    rdx and the quotient in rax.
    """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register64, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["idiv", " ", reg1])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xF7, "reg": 7, "w": 1, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg1.rexbit
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg1.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Div32(X86Instruction):
    """idiv r/m32 divide rdx:rax by the operand, leaving the remainder in
    rdx and the quotient in rax.
    """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register32, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["div", " ", reg1])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xF7, "reg": 6, "w": 0, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg1.rexbit
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg1.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Idiv32(X86Instruction):
    """idiv r/m32 divide rdx:rax by the operand, leaving the remainder in
    rdx and the quotient in rax.
    """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register32, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["idiv", " ", reg1])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xF7, "reg": 7, "w": 0, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg1.rexbit
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg1.regbits
        return tokens.encode()


class Div16(X86Instruction):
    """idiv r/m16 divide dx:ax by the operand, leaving the remainder in
    dx and the quotient in ax.
    """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register16, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["div", " ", reg1])
    tokens = [PrefixToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xF7, "reg": 6, "prefix": 0x66, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg1.num
        return tokens.encode()


class Idiv16(X86Instruction):
    """idiv r/m16 divide dx:ax by the operand, leaving the remainder in
    dx and the quotient in ax.
    """

    reg1 = Operand("reg1", Register16, read=True)
    syntax = Syntax(["idiv", " ", reg1])
    tokens = [PrefixToken, OpcodeToken, ModRmToken]
    patterns = {"opcode": 0xF7, "reg": 7, "prefix": 0x66, "mod": 3}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[2].rm = self.reg1.num
        return tokens.encode()


class MovImm8(X86Instruction):
    """ Mov immediate into low 8-bit register """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register8, write=True)
    imm = Operand("imm", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["mov", " ", reg, ",", " ", imm])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    opcode = 0xB0  # mov r8, imm8

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        tokens[0].w = 1
        tokens[0].b = self.reg.rexbit
        tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode + self.reg.regbits
        return tokens.encode() + u8(self.imm)


class MovImm16(X86Instruction):
    """ Mov immediate into 16 bits register """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register16, write=True)
    imm = Operand("imm", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["mov", " ", reg, ",", " ", imm])
    tokens = [PrefixToken, OpcodeToken]
    opcode = 0xB8
    patterns = {"prefix": 0x66}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens.set_field("opcode", self.opcode + self.reg.num)
        return tokens.encode() + u16(self.imm)


class MovImm32(X86Instruction):
    """ Mov immediate into 32 bits register """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register32, write=True)
    imm = Operand("imm", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["mov", " ", reg, ",", " ", imm])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    opcode = 0xB8
    patterns = {"w": 0}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg.rexbit
        tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode + self.reg.regbits
        return tokens.encode() + u32(self.imm)


class MovImm(X86Instruction):
    """ Mov immediate into a 64 bits register """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True)
    imm = Operand("imm", int)
    syntax = Syntax(["mov", " ", reg, ",", " ", imm])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    opcode = 0xB8  # mov r64, imm64
    patterns = {"w": 1}

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        self.set_all_patterns(tokens)
        tokens[0].b = self.reg.rexbit
        tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode + self.reg.regbits
        return tokens.encode() + u64(self.imm)


class MovAdr(X86Instruction):
    """ Mov address of label into register """

    reg = Operand("reg", Register64, write=True)
    imm = Operand("imm", str)
    syntax = Syntax(["mov", " ", reg, ",", " ", imm], priority=22)
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    opcode = 0xB8  # mov r64, imm64

    def encode(self):
        tokens = self.get_tokens()
        tokens[0].w = 1
        tokens[0].b = self.reg.rexbit
        tokens[1][0:8] = self.opcode + self.reg.regbits
        return tokens.encode() + u64(0)

    def relocations(self):
        return [Abs64Relocation(self.imm, offset=2)]


class Cdqe(X86Instruction):
    """ Convert with sign extension to double size """

    syntax = Syntax(["cdqe"])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    patterns = {"w": 1, "opcode": 0x98}


class Cwd(X86Instruction):
    """ Convert ax with sign extension to double size into dx:ax """

    syntax = Syntax(["cwd"])
    tokens = [PrefixToken, OpcodeToken]
    patterns = {"prefix": 0x66, "opcode": 0x99}


class Cdq(X86Instruction):
    """ Convert with sign extension to double size into edx:eax """

    syntax = Syntax(["cdq"])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    patterns = {"w": 0, "opcode": 0x99}


class Cqo(X86Instruction):
    """ Convert with sign extension to double size into rdx:rax """

    syntax = Syntax(["cqo"])
    tokens = [RexToken, OpcodeToken]
    patterns = {"w": 1, "opcode": 0x99}


class Rep(X86Instruction):
    """ Repeat string operation prefix """

    syntax = Syntax(["rep"])

    def encode(self):
        return bytes([0xF3])


class Movsb(X86Instruction):
    """ Move data from string to string """

    syntax = Syntax(["movsb"])

    def encode(self):
        return bytes([0xA4])


@isa.pattern("stm", "JMP", size=2)
def pattern_jmp(context, tree):
    tgt = tree.value
    context.emit(NearJump(tgt.name, jumps=[tgt]))


jump_opnames = {"<": Jl, ">": Jg, "==": Je, "!=": Jne, ">=": Jge, "<=": Jle}

unsigned_jump_opnames = {
    "<": Jb,
    ">": Ja,
    "==": Je,
    "!=": Jne,
    ">=": Jae,
    "<=": Jbe,
}


def pattern_cjmp(context, value, signed):
    op, yes_label, no_label = value
    if signed:
        Bop = jump_opnames[op]
    else:
        Bop = unsigned_jump_opnames[op]
    jmp_ins = NearJump(no_label.name, jumps=[no_label])
    context.emit(Bop(yes_label.name, jumps=[yes_label, jmp_ins]))
    context.emit(jmp_ins)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPI64(reg64, reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_cjmp_i64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits64.CmpRmReg(RmReg64(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, True)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPU64(reg64, reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_cjmp_u64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits64.CmpRmReg(RmReg64(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, False)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPI32(reg32, reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_cjmp_i32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits32.CmpRmReg(RmReg32(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, True)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPU32(reg32, reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_cjmp_u32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits32.CmpRmReg(RmReg32(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, False)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPI16(reg16, reg16)", size=4, cycles=4, energy=2)
def pattern_cjmp_i16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits16.CmpRmReg(RmReg16(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, True)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPU16(reg16, reg16)", size=4, cycles=4, energy=2)
def pattern_cjmp_u16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits16.CmpRmReg(RmReg16(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, False)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPI8(reg8, reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_cjmp_i8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(CmpRmReg8(RmReg8(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, True)


@isa.pattern("stm", "CJMPU8(reg8, reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_cjmp_u8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(CmpRmReg8(RmReg8(c0), c1))
    pattern_cjmp(context, tree.value, False)


@isa.pattern("stm", "ALLOCA", size=10)
def pattern_alloca(context, tree):
    size = tree.value
    context.emit(SubImm(rsp, size))


@isa.pattern("stm", "FREEA", size=10)
def pattern_freea(context, tree):
    size = tree.value
    context.emit(AddImm(rsp, size))


@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVI8(reg8)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVU8(reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_mov8(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(tree.value, c0)


@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVI16(reg16)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVU16(reg16)", size=2)
def pattern_mov16(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(tree.value, c0)


@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVI32(reg32)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVU32(reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_mov_32(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(tree.value, c0)


@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVI64(reg64)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVU64(reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_mov_64(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(tree.value, c0)


@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVB(reg64, reg64)", size=22)
def pattern_movb(context, tree, c0, c1):
    dst = RmMem(c0)
    src = RmMem(c1)
    size = tree.value
    for instruction in context.arch.gen_memcpy(dst, src, size):
        context.emit(instruction)


# Memory operations
@isa.pattern("mem64", "reg64", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_mem_reg(context, tree, c0):
    return RmMem(c0)


@isa.pattern("reg64", "mem64", size=2, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_lea(context, tree, c0):
    # Exploit load effective address to do some math like rax = rbx + 3
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.emit(Lea(d, c0))
    return d


@isa.pattern("mem64", "FPRELU64", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_mem_fp_rel(context, tree):
    offset = tree.value.offset
    return RmMemDisp(rbp, offset)


@isa.pattern("rm8", "LDRI8(mem64)", size=1)
@isa.pattern("rm8", "LDRU8(mem64)", size=1)
def pattern_rm8_ldr8(context, tree, c0):
    return c0


@isa.pattern("rm8", "reg8", size=1)
@isa.pattern("rm8", "reg8", size=1)
def pattern_rm8_reg8(context, tree, c0):
    return RmReg8(c0)


@isa.pattern("rm16", "LDRI16(mem64)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("rm16", "LDRU16(mem64)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_rm16_ldr16(context, tree, c0):
    return c0


@isa.pattern("rm16", "reg16", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("rm16", "reg16", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_rm16_reg16(context, tree, c0):
    return RmReg16(c0)


@isa.pattern("rm32", "LDRI32(mem64)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("rm32", "LDRU32(mem64)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_rm32_ldr32(context, tree, c0):
    return c0


@isa.pattern("rm32", "reg32", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("rm32", "reg32", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_rm32_reg32(context, tree, c0):
    return RmReg32(c0)


@isa.pattern("rm64", "LDRI64(mem64)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("rm64", "LDRU64(mem64)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_rm64_ldr64(context, tree, c0):
    return c0


@isa.pattern("rm64", "reg64", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("rm64", "reg64", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_rm64_reg64(context, tree, c0):
    return RmReg64(c0)


@isa.pattern("mem64", "ADDI64(reg64, con32)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("mem64", "ADDU64(reg64, con32)", size=1, cycles=1, energy=1)
def pattern_mem_reg_rel(context, tree, c0, c1):
    offset = c1
    return RmMemDisp(c0, offset)


@isa.pattern("reg64", "rm64", size=2, cycles=2, energy=2)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "rm64", size=2, cycles=2, energy=2)
def pattern_ldr64(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.emit(bits64.MovRegRm(d, c0))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "rm32", size=2, cycles=2, energy=2)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "rm32", size=2, cycles=2, energy=2)
def pattern_ldr_32(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.emit(bits32.MovRegRm(d, c0))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "rm16", size=3, cycles=2, energy=2)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "rm16", size=3, cycles=2, energy=2)
def pattern_ldr16(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.emit(bits16.MovRegRm(d, c0))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "rm8", size=2)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "rm8", size=2)
def pattern_ldr8(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.emit(MovRegRm8(d, c0))
    return d


# TODO: differentiate between u64 and i64?
@isa.pattern("stm", "STRI64(mem64, reg64)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "STRU64(mem64, reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_str64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits64.MovRmReg(c0, c1))


@isa.pattern("stm", "STRI32(mem64, reg32)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "STRU32(mem64, reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_str32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits32.MovRmReg(c0, c1))


@isa.pattern("stm", "STRI16(mem64, reg16)", size=3, cycles=2, energy=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "STRU16(mem64, reg16)", size=3, cycles=2, energy=2)
def pattern_str16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(bits16.MovRmReg(c0, c1))


@isa.pattern("stm", "STRI8(mem64, reg8)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("stm", "STRU8(mem64, reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_str8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.emit(MovRmReg8(c0, c1))


# Arithmatic:
@isa.pattern("reg64", "ADDI64(reg64, rm64)", size=2, cycles=2, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "ADDU64(reg64, rm64)", size=2, cycles=2, energy=1)
def pattern_add64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.AddRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "ADDI32(reg32, rm32)", size=2, cycles=2, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "ADDU32(reg32, rm32)", size=2, cycles=2, energy=1)
def pattern_add32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.AddRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "ADDI16(reg16, rm16)", size=3, cycles=2, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "ADDU16(reg16, rm16)", size=3, cycles=2, energy=1)
def pattern_add16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.AddRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "ADDI8(reg8, rm8)", size=2, cycles=2, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "ADDU8(reg8, rm8)", size=2, cycles=2, energy=1)
def pattern_add8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(AddRegRm8(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "FPRELU64", size=8, cycles=3, energy=2)
def pattern_add64_fprel_const(context, tree):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, rbp)
    context.emit(AddImm(d, tree.value.offset))
    return d


# @isa.pattern('reg64', 'SPRELI64', size=8, cycles=3, energy=2)
# def pattern_sprel64(context, tree):
#    d = context.new_reg(X86Register)
#    context.move(d, rsp)
#    context.emit(AddImm(d, tree.value))
#    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "ADDI64(reg64, con32)", size=8, cycles=3, energy=2)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "ADDU64(reg64, con32)", size=8, cycles=3, energy=2)
def pattern_add64_const_2(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(AddImm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern(
    "con32",
    "CONSTI64",
    size=4,
    condition=lambda x: x.value in range(-2147483648, 2147483647),
)
@isa.pattern(
    "con32",
    "CONSTU64",
    size=4,
    condition=lambda x: x.value in range(0, 4294967296),
)
def pattern_const32(context, tree):
    """ Small 64 bit constants as a constant """
    return tree.value


@isa.pattern("reg64", "ADDI64(con32, reg64)", size=8)
def pattern_add64_const_1(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c1)
    context.emit(AddImm(d, c0))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "SUBI64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "SUBU64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
def pattern_sub64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.SubRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "SUBI32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "SUBU32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
def pattern_sub_32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.SubRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "SUBU16(reg16, rm16)", size=3, cycles=2, energy=1)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "SUBI16(reg16, rm16)", size=3, cycles=2, energy=1)
def pattern_sub16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.SubRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "SUBU8(reg8, rm8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "SUBI8(reg8, rm8)", size=4)
def pattern_sub8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(SubRegRm8(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "MULI64(reg64, reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "MULU64(reg64, reg64)", size=4)
def pattern_mul64_(context, tree, c0, c1):
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(dst, c0)
    context.emit(Imul(dst, c1))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "MULI32(reg32, reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "MULU32(reg32, reg32)", size=4)
def pattern_mul_32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(dst, c0)
    context.emit(Imul32(dst, c1))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "DIVI64(reg64, reg64)", size=14)
def pattern_div_i64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    context.emit(Cqo())  # Extend sign of rax into rdx
    context.emit(Idiv(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(rax)
    defu2.add_use(rdx)
    defu2.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(dst, rax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "DIVU64(reg64, reg64)", size=14)
def pattern_div_u64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    context.emit(MovImm(rdx, 0))
    context.emit(Div(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(rax)
    defu2.add_use(rdx)
    defu2.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(dst, rax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "REMI64(reg64, reg64)", size=14)
def pattern_rem_i64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    context.emit(Cqo())
    context.emit(Idiv(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(rax)
    defu2.add_use(rdx)
    defu2.add_def(rdx)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(dst, rdx)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "REMU64(reg64, reg64)", size=14)
def pattern_rem_u64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    context.emit(MovImm(rdx, 0))
    context.emit(Div(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(rax)
    defu2.add_use(rdx)
    defu2.add_def(rdx)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(dst, rdx)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "DIVI32(reg32, reg32)", size=14)
def pattern_div_i32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(eax, c0)
    context.emit(Cdq())  # Sign extend eax into edx
    context.emit(Idiv32(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(eax)
    defu2.add_use(edx)
    defu2.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(dst, eax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "DIVU32(reg32, reg32)", size=14)
def pattern_div_u32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(eax, c0)
    context.emit(MovImm32(edx, 0))
    context.emit(Div32(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(eax)
    defu2.add_use(edx)
    defu2.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(dst, eax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "REMI32(reg32, reg32)", size=14)
def pattern_remi32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(eax, c0)
    context.emit(Cdq())  # Sign extend eax into edx
    context.emit(Idiv32(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(eax)
    defu2.add_use(edx)
    defu2.add_def(edx)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(dst, edx)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "REMU32(reg32, reg32)", size=14)
def pattern_rem_u32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(eax, c0)
    context.emit(MovImm32(edx, 0))
    context.emit(Div32(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(eax)
    defu2.add_use(edx)
    defu2.add_def(edx)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(dst, edx)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg16", "DIVI16(reg16, reg16)", size=14)
def pattern_div_i16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(ax, c0)
    context.emit(Cwd())  # Sign extend ax into dx
    context.emit(Idiv16(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(ax)
    defu2.add_use(dx)
    defu2.add_def(ax)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(dst, ax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg16", "DIVU16(reg16, reg16)", size=14)
def pattern_div_u16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    context.move(ax, c0)
    context.emit(MovImm16(dx, 0))
    context.emit(Div16(c1))
    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(ax)
    defu2.add_use(dx)
    defu2.add_def(ax)
    context.emit(defu2)
    dst = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(dst, ax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "ANDI64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "ANDU64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
def pattern_and64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.AndRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "ANDI32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "ANDU32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
def pattern_and_32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.AndRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "ANDI16(reg16, rm16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "ANDU16(reg16, rm16)", size=4)
def pattern_and16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.AndRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "ANDU8(reg8, rm8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "ANDI8(reg8, rm8)", size=4)
def pattern_and8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(AndRegRm8(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "ANDI64(reg64, con32)", size=10)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "ANDU64(reg64, con32)", size=10)
def pattern_and64_const(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(AndImm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "ORU64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "ORI64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
def pattern_or64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.OrRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "ORU32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "ORI32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
def pattern_or_32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.OrRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "ORU16(reg16, rm16)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "ORI16(reg16, rm16)", size=3)
def pattern_or16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.OrRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "ORU8(reg8, rm8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "ORI8(reg8, rm8)", size=4)
def pattern_or8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(OrRegRm8(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "XORU64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "XORI64(reg64, rm64)", size=4)
def pattern_xor_64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.XorRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "XORU32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "XORI32(reg32, rm32)", size=4)
def pattern_xor_32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.XorRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "XORU16(reg16, rm16)", size=3, energy=3)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "XORI16(reg16, rm16)", size=3, energy=3)
def pattern_xor16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.XorRegRm(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "XORU8(reg8, rm8)", size=3, energy=3)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "XORI8(reg8, rm8)", size=3, energy=3)
def pattern_xor8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(XorRegRm8(d, c1))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "SHRI64(reg64, reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_i64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(rcx, c1)
    context.emit(bits64.SarCl(RmReg64(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "SHRU64(reg64, reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_u64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(rcx, c1)
    context.emit(bits64.ShrCl(RmReg64(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "SHRI32(reg32, reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_i32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(ecx, c1)
    context.emit(bits32.SarCl(RmReg32(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "SHRU32(reg32, reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_u32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(ecx, c1)
    context.emit(bits32.ShrCl(RmReg32(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "SHRI16(reg16, reg16)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_i16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(cx, c1)
    context.emit(bits16.SarCl(RmReg16(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "SHRU16(reg16, reg16)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_u16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(cx, c1)
    context.emit(bits16.ShrCl(RmReg16(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "SHRI8(reg8, reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_i8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(cl, c1)
    context.emit(SarCl8(RmReg8(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "SHRU8(reg8, reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_shr_u8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(cl, c1)
    context.emit(ShrCl8(RmReg8(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "SHLI64(reg64, reg64)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "SHLU64(reg64, reg64)", size=2)
def pattern_shl64(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(rcx, c1)
    context.emit(bits64.ShlCl(RmReg64(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "SHLI32(reg32, reg32)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "SHLU32(reg32, reg32)", size=2)
def pattern_shl_32(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(ecx, c1)
    context.emit(bits32.ShlCl(RmReg32(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "SHLI16(reg16, reg16)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "SHLU16(reg16, reg16)", size=2)
def pattern_shl_16(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(cx, c1)
    context.emit(bits16.ShlCl(RmReg16(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "SHLI8(reg8, reg8)", size=2)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "SHLU8(reg8, reg8)", size=2)
def pattern_shl8(context, tree, c0, c1):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.move(cl, c1)
    context.emit(ShlCl8(RmReg8(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "NEGI64(reg64)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "NEGU64(reg64)", size=3)
def pattern_neg64(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.NegRm(RmReg64(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "NEGI32(reg32)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "NEGU32(reg32)", size=3)
def pattern_neg_32(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.NegRm(RmReg32(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "NEGI16(reg16)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "NEGU16(reg16)", size=3)
def pattern_neg_16(context, tree, c0):
    """ 16 bits negation """
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.NegRm(RmReg16(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "INVI64(reg64)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "INVU64(reg64)", size=3)
def pattern_inv64(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits64.NotRm(RmReg64(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "INVI32(reg32)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "INVU32(reg32)", size=3)
def pattern_inv_32(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits32.NotRm(RmReg32(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "INVI16(reg16)", size=3)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "INVU16(reg16)", size=3)
def pattern_inv_16(context, tree, c0):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, c0)
    context.emit(bits16.NotRm(RmReg16(d)))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "REGI64", size=0)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "REGU64", size=0)
def pattern_reg64(context, tree):
    return tree.value


@isa.pattern("reg32", "REGI32", size=0)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "REGU32", size=0)
def pattern_reg_32(context, tree):
    return tree.value


@isa.pattern("reg16", "REGI16", size=0)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "REGU16", size=0)
def pattern_reg16(context, tree):
    return tree.value


@isa.pattern("reg8", "REGI8", size=0)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "REGU8", size=0)
def pattern_reg8(context, tree):
    return tree.value


# Conversions:
@isa.pattern("reg16", "U64TOU16(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "U64TOI16(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "I64TOU16(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "I64TOI16(reg64)", size=4)
def pattern_i64toi16(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    # raise Warning()
    defu = RegisterUseDef()
    defu.add_use(rax)
    defu.add_def(ax)
    context.emit(defu)

    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, ax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "I16TOI64(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "I16TOU64(reg16)", size=4)
def pattern_i16_to_i64(context, tree, c0):
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    # sign extend:
    context.emit(MovsxReg64Rm16(dst, RmReg16(c0)))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "U16TOU64(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "U16TOI64(reg16)", size=4)
def pattern_u16toi64(context, tree, c0):
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits64.XorRmReg(RmReg64(rax), rax))
    context.move(ax, c0)

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(ax)
    defu2.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, rax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "I64TOI32(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "I64TOU32(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "U64TOU32(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "U64TOI32(reg64)", size=4)
def pattern_i64toi32(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    # raise Warning()
    defu = RegisterUseDef()
    defu.add_use(rax)
    defu.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu)

    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, eax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "U32TOU64(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "U32TOI64(reg32)", size=4)
def pattern_u32toi64(context, tree, c0):
    """ Zero extend 32 to 64 bits. """
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits64.XorRmReg(RmReg64(rax), rax))
    context.move(eax, c0)

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(eax)
    defu2.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, rax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "I32TOU64(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "I32TOI64(reg32)", size=4)
def pattern_i32toi64(context, tree, c0):
    """ Sign extend 32 to 64 bits. """
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits64.XorRmReg(RmReg64(rax), rax))
    context.move(eax, c0)

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(eax)
    defu2.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    # Sign extend:
    context.emit(Cdqe())

    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, rax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "U32TOU16(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "U32TOI16(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "I32TOU16(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "I32TOI16(reg32)", size=4)
def pattern_i32toi16(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(eax, c0)
    # raise Warning()
    defu = RegisterUseDef()
    defu.add_use(eax)
    defu.add_def(ax)
    context.emit(defu)

    dst = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(dst, ax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "I16TOI32(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "I16TOU32(reg16)", size=4)
def pattern_i16_to_i32(context, tree, c0):
    """ Sign extend 16 to 32 bits. """
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)

    # sign extend:
    context.emit(MovsxReg32Rm16(dst, RmReg16(c0)))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "U16TOU32(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "U16TOI32(reg16)", size=4)
def pattern_u16toi32(context, tree, c0):
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits32.XorRmReg(RmReg32(eax), eax))
    context.move(ax, c0)

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(ax)
    defu2.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(dst, eax)
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg8", "I32TOI8(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "I32TOU8(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "U32TOU8(reg32)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "U32TOI8(reg32)", size=4)
def pattern_i32toi8(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(eax, c0)
    defu = RegisterUseDef()
    defu.add_use(eax)
    defu.add_def(al)
    context.emit(defu)

    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, al)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "I8TOI32(reg8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "I8TOU32(reg8)", size=4)
def pattern_i8toi32(context, tree, c0):
    dst = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.emit(MovsxReg32Rm8(dst, RmReg8(c0)))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg32", "U8TOI32(reg8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "U8TOU32(reg8)", size=4)
def pattern_u8toi32(context, tree, c0):
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits32.XorRmReg(RmReg32(eax), eax))
    context.move(al, c0)
    # raise Warning()

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(al)
    defu2.add_def(eax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.move(d, eax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "I64TOI8(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "I64TOU8(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "U64TOU8(reg64)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "U64TOI8(reg64)", size=4)
def pattern_i64toi8(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(rax, c0)
    # raise Warning()
    defu = RegisterUseDef()
    defu.add_use(rax)
    defu.add_def(al)
    context.emit(defu)

    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, al)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "I8TOI64(reg8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "I8TOU64(reg8)", size=4)
def pattern_i8toi64(context, tree, c0):
    """ Sign extend 8 to 64 bits. """
    dst = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.emit(MovsxReg64Rm8(dst, RmReg8(c0)))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("reg64", "U8TOI64(reg8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "U8TOU64(reg8)", size=4)
def pattern_u8toi64(context, tree, c0):
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits64.XorRmReg(RmReg64(rax), rax))
    context.move(al, c0)
    # raise Warning()

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(al)
    defu2.add_def(rax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.move(d, rax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "I16TOI8(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "I16TOU8(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "U16TOU8(reg16)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "U16TOI8(reg16)", size=4)
def pattern_i16toi8(context, tree, c0):
    context.move(ax, c0)
    # raise Warning()
    # TODO: solve this by register constraint!
    defu = RegisterUseDef()
    defu.add_use(ax)
    defu.add_def(al)
    context.emit(defu)

    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.move(d, al)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "U8TOI16(reg8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "U8TOU16(reg8)", size=4)
def pattern_u8to16(context, tree, c0):
    defu1 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu1.add_def(ax)
    context.emit(defu1)

    context.emit(bits16.XorRmReg(RmReg16(ax), ax))
    context.move(al, c0)
    # TODO:
    # raise Warning()

    defu2 = RegisterUseDef()
    defu2.add_use(al)
    defu2.add_def(ax)
    context.emit(defu2)

    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.move(d, ax)
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "I8TOI16(reg8)", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "I8TOU16(reg8)", size=4)
def pattern_i8to16(context, tree, c0):
    """ Sign extend 8 to 16 bits. """
    dst = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.emit(MovsxReg16Rm8(dst, RmReg8(c0)))
    return dst


@isa.pattern("stm", "MOVI64(LABEL)", size=2)
def pattern_mov64_label(context, tree):
    label = tree.children[0].value
    context.emit(MovAdr(tree.value, label))


@isa.pattern("reg64", "LABEL", size=2)
def pattern_reg64_label(context, tree):
    label = tree.value
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.emit(MovAdr(d, label))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg64", "CONSTI64", size=11, cycles=3, energy=3)
@isa.pattern("reg64", "CONSTU64", size=11, cycles=3, energy=3)
def pattern_const64(context, tree):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.emit(MovImm(d, tree.value))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg32", "CONSTI32", size=11, cycles=3, energy=3)
@isa.pattern("reg32", "CONSTU32", size=11, cycles=3, energy=3)
def pattern_const_32(context, tree):
    d = context.new_reg(Register32)
    context.emit(MovImm32(d, tree.value))
    return d


# @isa.pattern('reg64', 'CONSTI8', size=11)
def pattern_const8_old(context, tree):
    d = context.new_reg(Register64)
    context.emit(MovImm(d, tree.value))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg16", "CONSTI16", size=4)
@isa.pattern("reg16", "CONSTU16", size=4)
def pattern_const16(context, tree):
    d = context.new_reg(Register16)
    context.emit(MovImm16(d, tree.value))
    return d


@isa.pattern("reg8", "CONSTI8", size=11)
@isa.pattern("reg8", "CONSTU8", size=11)
def pattern_const8(context, tree):
    d = context.new_reg(Register8)
    context.emit(MovImm8(d, tree.value))
    return d


@isa.peephole
def peephole_jump_label(a, b):
    print("PH", a, b)
    if isinstance(a, NearJump) and isinstance(b, Label) and a.target == b.name:
        return [b]
    return [a, b]