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['6', 0, 'lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T', 1] (3)(+0000149): Notifier.trigger('modify', 'setting', [1/lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T], {"1/lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T":{"changed":{"value":5}}}) called [observers: 19] (5)(+0000669): POST /zoterogpt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:23119 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 145 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123" Content-Type: application/json sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Accept: */* Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 (5)(+0000000): HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found X-Zotero-Version: 7.0.0-beta.72+128a540af X-Zotero-Connector-API-Version: 2 Content-Type: text/plain No endpoint found (5)(+0002008): POST /zoterogpt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:23119 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 145 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123" Content-Type: application/json sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Accept: */* Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 (5)(+0000000): HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found X-Zotero-Version: 7.0.0-beta.72+128a540af X-Zotero-Connector-API-Version: 2 Content-Type: text/plain No endpoint found (3)(+0000018): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000018): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000002): HTTP GET 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(3)(+0000807): HTTP GET 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rage%20power%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20are%20demonstrated%20in%20Fig.%208.%20As%20the%20rotation%20speed%20increases%2C%20the%20average%20power%20first%20rises%20and%20then%20declines%20when%20d%20does%20not%20change.%20Obviously%2C%20the%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20is%20better%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20While%20the%20mode%20of%20the%20magnet%20arrangement%20remains%20the%20same%2C%20the%20average%20power%20gradually%20increases%20as%20d%20decreases.%20When%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm%20and%20the%20rotational%20speed%20is%20600%20r%2Fmin%2C%20the%20maximum%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20627%20%CE%BCW.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20obtain%20a%20higher%20average%20power%20with%20a%20smaller%20d%2C%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement.%20By%20adjusting%20the%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement%2C%20therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20ca%20separated%2C%20thereby%20reducing%20the%20voltage%20amplitude.%20When%20the%20arrangement%20of%20magnets%20remains%20unchanged%2C%20the%20excitation%20of%20staggered%20magnetic%20becomes%20weaker%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20d.%20In%20consequence%2C%20the%20snapthrough%20concave-convex%20transformation%20develops%20into%20irregularities%2C%20then%20the%20friction%20contact%20is%20incomplete%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20drop%20in%20output%20voltage.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20when%20d%20becomes%20larger%2C%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20the%20speed%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20Mode%20I%20becomes%20lower%20than%2050%20V%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitudes%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20are%20significantly%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20range%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20580%E2%80%93652%20V.%20It%20indicates%20that%20at%20a%20lower%20rotation%20speed%2C%20more%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20increase%20the%20excitation%20frequency%3B%20at%20a%20higher%20rotation%20speed%2C%20fewer%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20make%20the%20magnetic%20excitation%20time%20longer%2C%20thereby%20making%20the%20buckled%20bistable%20beam%20more%20fully%20deformed%2C%20increasing%20the%20contact%20area%20of%20the%20functional%20material%20and%20enhancing%20the%20output%20voltage.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20shortest%20center%20distance%20d%20and%20the%20arrangement%20modes%20of%20magnets%20on%20the%20average%20power%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20are%20demonstrated%20in%20Fig.%208.%20As%20the%20rotation%20speed%20increases%2C%20the%20average%20power%20first%20rises%20and%20then%20declines%20when%20d%20does%20not%20change.%20Obviously%2C%20the%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20is%20better%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20While%20the%20mode%20of%20the%20magnet%20arrangement%20remains%20the%20same%2C%20the%20average%20power%20gradually%20increases%20as%20d%20decreases.%20When%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm%20and%20the%20rotational%20speed%20is%20600%20r%2Fmin%2C%20the%20maximum%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20627%20%CE%BCW.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20obtain%20a%20higher%20average%20power%20with%20a%20smaller%20d%2C%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement.%20By%20adjusting%20the%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement%2C%20therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20ca%20maller%20d.%20In%20order%20to%20verify%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20magnet%20A%20fixed%20on%20the%20buckling%20beam%20on%20the%20output%20performance%20of%20ST-RTENG%2C%20the%20length%20of%20magnet%20A%20was%20increased%20to%20twice%20for%20comparison.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20and%20average%20power%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20are%20investigated%20in%20Mode%20III%20and%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm.%20It%20can%20be%20seen%20from%20Fig.%209%20that%20as%20the%20rotation%20speed%20increases%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20and%20the%20average%20power%20both%20increase%20first%20and%20then%20decrease.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20ST-RTENG%20with%20the%20long%20magnet%20is%20almost%20twice%20that%20with%20the%20long%20magnet%2C%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20is%20achieved%201235%20V%20at%20the%20speed%20of%20150%20r%2Fmin.%20The%20average%20power%20of%20ST-RTENG%20with%20the%20long%20magnet%20is%20778%20%CE%BCW%2C%20which%20is%20about%201.7%20times%20that%20with%20the%20short%20mag%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20is%20better%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20While%20the%20mode%20of%20the%20magnet%20arrangement%20remains%20the%20same%2C%20the%20average%20power%20gradually%20increases%20as%20d%20decreases.%20When%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm%20and%20the%20rotational%20speed%20is%20600%20r%2Fmin%2C%20the%20maximum%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20627%20%CE%BCW.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20obtain%20a%20higher%20average%20power%20with%20a%20smaller%20d%2C%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement.%20By%20adjusting%20the%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20a%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20nanogenerator%20with%20magnetic%20coupling%20and%20buckled%20bistable%20mechanism%20for%20harvesting%20rotational%20energy%2C%20the%20new%20non-optimal%20designs%20have%20shown%20significant%20performance%20improvements%20over%20many%20pristine%20designs.%20We%20will%20improve%20the%20design%20parameters%20and%20manufacturing%20process%20in%20future%20work%20to%20suit%20the%20application%20in%20actual%20working%20conditions.%20Supplementary%20material%20related%20to%20this%20article%20can%20be%20foun succeeded with 200 (3)(+0000011): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000619): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000019): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000001): HTTP GET 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https://translate.google.com/translate_a/single?client=gtx&sl=en&tl=zh&hl=zh-CN&dt=at&dt=bd&dt=ex&dt=ld&dt=md&dt=qca&dt=rw&dt=rm&dt=ss&dt=t&source=bh&ssel=0&tsel=0&kc=1&tk=436580.40208&q=3%2C14%5D%20The%20serious%20challenges%20and%20situations%20drive%20us%20to%20make%20efforts%20to%20seek%20a%20lightweight%2C%20small-sized%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20and%20highly-efficient%20approach%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy.%5B15%5D%20Triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20proposed%20by%20Wang%20in%202012%2C%20have%20impressive%20applications%20in%20low-freque%20e%20energy%20harvester%2C%20which%20exhibits%20high%20output%20voltage%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20versatile%20choice%20of%20materials%2C%20and%20envi-%20ronmental%20friendliness.%5B18%E2%80%9322%5D%20However%2C%20owing%20to%20limitations%20from%20the%20low%20surface%20charge%20density%2C%20poor%20surface%20contact%2C%20and%20insufficient%20space%20utilization%2C%20the%20TENG%20needs%20further%20develop-%20ment%20for%20large-scale%20application%20in%20wave%20energy%20harvestin%20mbH%202205011%20(1%20of%2011)%20Hybrid%20Triboelectric-Electromagnetic%20Nanogenerator%20with%20a%20Double-Sided%20Fluff%20and%20Double%20Halbach%20Array%20for%20Wave%20Energy%20Harvesting%20Chengcheng%20Han%2C%20Zhi%20Cao%2C%20Zhihao%20Yuan%2C%20Zhiwei%20Zhang%2C%20Xiaoqing%20Huo%2C%20Li%E2%80%99ang%20Zhang%2C%20Zhiyi%20Wu%2C*%20and%20Zhong%20Lin%20Wang*%20Harvesting%20wave%20energy%20is%20challenging%20due%20to%20the%20waves%E2%80%99%20direction%2C%20randomization%2C%20and%20ultra-low%20vibration%20frequency%20limitations.%20Here%2C%20a%20double-sided%20fluff%20and%20double%20Halbach%20array%20structured%20hybrid%20triboelectric-electromagnetic%20nanogenerator%20(FH-HG)%20for%20harvesting%20ultra-low%20frequency%20wave%20energy%20is%20reported.%20The%20double-sided%20fluff%20fabricates%20three%20triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20which%20significantly%20enhance%20space%20utilization%20and%20volume%20power%20density.%20Meanwhile%2C%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20electromagnetic%20generator%20(H-EMG)%20provides%20the%20optimum%20counterweight%20in%20the%20double-sided%20fluff%20TENG%20(F-TENG)%20and%20transforms%20the%20mechanical%20energy%20into%20electrical%20energy.%20The%20optimal%20linkages%20of%20TENGs%20and%20EMGs%20are%20both%20specified%20as%20parallel%2C%20according%20to%20a%20series%20of%20theoretical%20analyses%20and%20experimental%20comparisons.%20As%20the%20result%2C%20the%20maximum%20volume%20power%20density%20of%20F-TENG%20and%20H-EMG%20is%20achieved%20at%202.02%20and%2016.96%20W%20m-3%2C%20respectively.%20The%20design%20of%20the%20double-%20sided%20fluff%20and%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20ensures%20the%20device%E2%80%99s%20superior%20output%20at%20low%20frequencies%20while%20also%20increasing%20its%20endurance.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20outputs%20of%20the%20FH-HG%20can%20power%20some%20small%20electronic%20devices%20and%20the%20Bluetooth%20transmission%20system%20to%20achieve%20the%20purpose%20of%20real%20time%20marine%20environmental%20monitoring.%20Overall%2C%20benefiting%20from%20the%20excellent%20structural%20design%20and%20distinctive%20operational%20mechanism%2C%20the%20FH-HG%20provides%20a%20remarkable%20candidate%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy%20on%20a%20large%20scale.%20DOI%3A%2010.1002%2Fadfm.202205011%20C.%20Han%2C%20Z.%20Zhang%2C%20X.%20Huo%2C%20Z.%20Wu%2C%20Z.%20L.%20Wang%20Beijing%20Institute%20of%20Nanoenergy%20and%20Nanosystems%20Ch%20separated%2C%20thereby%20reducing%20the%20voltage%20amplitude.%20When%20the%20arrangement%20of%20magnets%20remains%20unchanged%2C%20the%20excitation%20of%20staggered%20magnetic%20becomes%20weaker%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20d.%20In%20consequence%2C%20the%20snapthrough%20concave-convex%20transformation%20develops%20into%20irregularities%2C%20then%20the%20friction%20contact%20is%20incomplete%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20drop%20in%20output%20voltage.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20when%20d%20becomes%20larger%2C%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20the%20speed%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20Mode%20I%20becomes%20lower%20than%2050%20V%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitudes%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20are%20significantly%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20range%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20580%E2%80%93652%20V.%20It%20indicates%20that%20at%20a%20lower%20rotation%20speed%2C%20more%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20increase%20the%20excitation%20frequency%3B%20at%20a%20higher%20rotation%20speed%2C%20fewer%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20make%20the%20magnetic%20excitation%20time%20longer%2C%20thereby%20making%20the%20buckled%20bistable%20beam%20more%20fully%20deformed%2C%20increasing%20the%20contact%20area%20of%20the%20functional%20material%20and%20enhancing%20the%20output%20voltage.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20shortest%20center%20distance%20d%20and%20the%20arrangement%20modes%20of%20magnets%20on%20the%20ave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succeeded with 200 (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000604): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000019): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000002): HTTP GET 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https://translate.google.com/translate_a/single?client=gtx&sl=en&tl=zh&hl=zh-CN&dt=at&dt=bd&dt=ex&dt=ld&dt=md&dt=qca&dt=rw&dt=rm&dt=ss&dt=t&source=bh&ssel=0&tsel=0&kc=1&tk=878293.742049&q=3%2C14%5D%20The%20serious%20challenges%20and%20situations%20drive%20us%20to%20make%20efforts%20to%20seek%20a%20lightweight%2C%20small-sized%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20and%20highly-efficient%20approach%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy.%5B15%5D%20Triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20proposed%20by%20Wang%20in%202012%2C%20have%20impressive%20applications%20in%20low-freque%20e%20energy%20harvester%2C%20which%20exhibits%20high%20output%20voltage%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20versatile%20choice%20of%20materials%2C%20and%20envi-%20ronmental%20friendliness.%5B18%E2%80%9322%5D%20However%2C%20owing%20to%20limitations%20from%20the%20low%20surface%20charge%20density%2C%20poor%20surface%20contact%2C%20and%20insufficient%20space%20utilization%2C%20the%20TENG%20needs%20further%20develop-%20ment%20for%20large-scale%20application%20in%20wave%20energy%20harvestin%20mbH%202205011%20(1%20of%2011)%20Hybrid%20Triboelectric-Electromagnetic%20Nanogenerator%20with%20a%20Double-Sided%20Fluff%20and%20Double%20Halbach%20Array%20for%20Wave%20Energy%20Harvesting%20Chengcheng%20Han%2C%20Zhi%20Cao%2C%20Zhihao%20Yuan%2C%20Zhiwei%20Zhang%2C%20Xiaoqing%20Huo%2C%20Li%E2%80%99ang%20Zhang%2C%20Zhiyi%20Wu%2C*%20and%20Zhong%20Lin%20Wang*%20Harvesting%20wave%20energy%20is%20challenging%20due%20to%20the%20waves%E2%80%99%20direction%2C%20randomization%2C%20and%20ultra-low%20vibration%20frequency%20limitations.%20Here%2C%20a%20double-sided%20fluff%20and%20double%20Halbach%20array%20structured%20hybrid%20triboelectric-electromagnetic%20nanogenerator%20(FH-HG)%20for%20harvesting%20ultra-low%20frequency%20wave%20energy%20is%20reported.%20The%20double-sided%20fluff%20fabricates%20three%20triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20which%20significantly%20enhance%20space%20utilization%20and%20volume%20power%20density.%20Meanwhile%2C%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20electromagnetic%20generator%20(H-EMG)%20provides%20the%20optimum%20counterweight%20in%20the%20double-sided%20fluff%20TENG%20(F-TENG)%20and%20transforms%20the%20mechanical%20energy%20into%20electrical%20energy.%20The%20optimal%20linkages%20of%20TENGs%20and%20EMGs%20are%20both%20specified%20as%20parallel%2C%20according%20to%20a%20series%20of%20theoretical%20analyses%20and%20experimental%20comparisons.%20As%20the%20result%2C%20the%20maximum%20volume%20power%20density%20of%20F-TENG%20and%20H-EMG%20is%20achieved%20at%202.02%20and%2016.96%20W%20m-3%2C%20respectively.%20The%20design%20of%20the%20double-%20sided%20fluff%20and%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20ensures%20the%20device%E2%80%99s%20superior%20output%20at%20low%20frequencies%20while%20also%20increasing%20its%20endurance.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20outputs%20of%20the%20FH-HG%20can%20power%20some%20small%20electronic%20devices%20and%20the%20Bluetooth%20transmission%20system%20to%20achieve%20the%20purpose%20of%20real%20time%20marine%20environmental%20monitoring.%20Overall%2C%20benefiting%20from%20the%20excellent%20structural%20design%20and%20distinctive%20operational%20mechanism%2C%20the%20FH-HG%20provides%20a%20remarkable%20candidate%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy%20on%20a%20large%20scale.%20DOI%3A%2010.1002%2Fadfm.202205011%20C.%20Han%2C%20Z.%20Zhang%2C%20X.%20Huo%2C%20Z.%20Wu%2C%20Z.%20L.%20Wang%20Beijing%20Institute%20of%20Nanoenergy%20and%20Nanosystems%20Ch%20separated%2C%20thereby%20reducing%20the%20voltage%20amplitude.%20When%20the%20arrangement%20of%20magnets%20remains%20unchanged%2C%20the%20excitation%20of%20staggered%20magnetic%20becomes%20weaker%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20d.%20In%20consequence%2C%20the%20snapthrough%20concave-convex%20transformation%20develops%20into%20irregularities%2C%20then%20the%20friction%20contact%20is%20incomplete%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20drop%20in%20output%20voltage.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20when%20d%20becomes%20larger%2C%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20the%20speed%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20Mode%20I%20becomes%20lower%20than%2050%20V%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitudes%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20are%20significantly%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20range%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20580%E2%80%93652%20V.%20It%20indicates%20that%20at%20a%20lower%20rotation%20speed%2C%20more%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20increase%20the%20excitation%20frequency%3B%20at%20a%20higher%20rotation%20speed%2C%20fewer%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20make%20the%20magnetic%20excitation%20time%20longer%2C%20thereby%20making%20the%20buckled%20bistable%20beam%20more%20fully%20deformed%2C%20increasing%20the%20contact%20area%20of%20the%20functional%20material%20and%20enhancing%20the%20output%20voltage.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20shortest%20center%20distance%20d%20and%20the%20arrangement%20modes%20of%20magnets%20on%20the%20av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ion%20speed%20a%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20nanogenerator%20with%20magnetic%20coupling%20and%20buckled%20bistable%20mechanism%20for%20harvesting%20rotational%20energy%2C%20the%20new%20non-optimal%20designs%20have%20shown%20significant%20performance%20improvements%20over%20many%20pristine%20designs.%20We%20will%20improve%20the%20design%20parameters%20and%20manufacturing%20process%20in%20future%20work%20to%20suit%20the%20application%20in%20actual%20working%20conditions.%20Supplementary%20material%20related%20to%20this%20article%20can%20be%20foun%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20nanogenerator%20with%20magnetic%20coupling%20and%20buckled%20bistable%20mechanism%20for%20harvesting%20rotational%20energy%2C%20the%20new%20non-optimal%20designs%20have%20shown%20significant%20performance%20improvements%20over%20many%20pristine%20designs.%20We%20will%20improve%20the%20design%20parameters%20and%20manufacturing%20process%20in%20future%20work%20to%20suit%20the%20application%20in%20actual%20working%20conditions.%20Supplementary%20material%20related%20to%20this%20article%20can%20be%20foun%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20n succeeded with 200 (3)(+0000012): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (5)(+0000249): POST /zoterogpt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:23119 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 145 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123" Content-Type: application/json sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Accept: */* Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 (5)(+0000000): HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found X-Zotero-Version: 7.0.0-beta.72+128a540af X-Zotero-Connector-API-Version: 2 Content-Type: text/plain No endpoint found (3)(+0000122): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000022): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000001): HTTP GET https://translate.google.com/translate_a/single?client=gtx&sl=en&tl=zh&hl=zh-CN&dt=at&dt=bd&dt=ex&dt=ld&dt=md&dt=qca&dt=rw&dt=rm&dt=ss&dt=t&source=bh&ssel=0&tsel=0&kc=1&tk=385351.251187&q=3%2C14%5D%20The%20serious%20challenges%20and%20situations%20drive%20us%20to%20make%20efforts%20to%20seek%20a%20lightweight%2C%20small-sized%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20and%20highly-efficient%20approach%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy.%5B15%5D%20Triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20proposed%20by%20Wang%20in%202012%2C%20have%20impressive%20applications%20in%20low-freque%20e%20energy%20harvester%2C%20which%20exhibits%20high%20output%20voltage%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20versatile%20choice%20of%20materials%2C%20and%20envi-%20ronmental%20friendliness.%5B18%E2%80%9322%5D%20However%2C%20owing%20to%20limitations%20from%20the%20low%20surface%20charge%20density%2C%20poor%20surface%20contact%2C%20and%20insufficient%20space%20utilization%2C%20the%20TENG%20needs%20further%20develop-%20ment%20for%20large-scale%20application%20in%20wave%20energy%20harvestin%20mbH%202205011%20(1%20of%2011)%20Hybrid%20Triboelectric-Electromagnetic%20Nanogenerator%20with%20a%20Double-Sided%20Fluff%20and%20Double%20Halbach%20Array%20for%20Wave%20Energy%20Harvesting%20Chengcheng%20Han%2C%20Zhi%20Cao%2C%20Zhihao%20Yuan%2C%20Zhiwei%20Zhang%2C%20Xiaoqing%20Huo%2C%20Li%E2%80%99ang%20Zhang%2C%20Zhiyi%20Wu%2C*%20and%20Zhong%20Lin%20Wang*%20Harvesting%20wave%20energy%20is%20challenging%20due%20to%20the%20waves%E2%80%99%20direction%2C%20randomization%2C%20and%20ultra-low%20vibration%20frequency%20limitations.%20Here%2C%20a%20double-sided%20fluff%20and%20double%20Halbach%20array%20structured%20hybrid%20triboelectric-electromagnetic%20nanogenerator%20(FH-HG)%20for%20harvesting%20ultra-low%20frequency%20wave%20energy%20is%20reported.%20The%20double-sided%20fluff%20fabricates%20three%20triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20which%20significantly%20enhance%20space%20utilization%20and%20volume%20power%20density.%20Meanwhile%2C%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20electromagnetic%20generator%20(H-EMG)%20provides%20the%20optimum%20counterweight%20in%20the%20double-sided%20fluff%20TENG%20(F-TENG)%20and%20transforms%20the%20mechanical%20energy%20into%20electrical%20energy.%20The%20optimal%20linkages%20of%20TENGs%20and%20EMGs%20are%20both%20specified%20as%20parallel%2C%20according%20to%20a%20series%20of%20theoretical%20analyses%20and%20experimental%20comparisons.%20As%20the%20result%2C%20the%20maximum%20volume%20power%20density%20of%20F-TENG%20and%20H-EMG%20is%20achieved%20at%202.02%20and%2016.96%20W%20m-3%2C%20respectively.%20The%20design%20of%20the%20double-%20sided%20fluff%20and%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20ensures%20the%20device%E2%80%99s%20superior%20output%20at%20low%20frequencies%20while%20also%20increasing%20its%20endurance.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20outputs%20of%20the%20FH-HG%20can%20power%20some%20small%20electronic%20devices%20and%20the%20Bluetooth%20transmission%20system%20to%20achieve%20the%20purpose%20of%20real%20time%20marine%20environmental%20monitoring.%20Overall%2C%20benefiting%20from%20the%20excellent%20structural%20design%20and%20distinctive%20operational%20mechanism%2C%20the%20FH-HG%20provides%20a%20remarkable%20candidate%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy%20on%20a%20large%20scale.%20DOI%3A%2010.1002%2Fadfm.202205011%20C.%20Han%2C%20Z.%20Zhang%2C%20X.%20Huo%2C%20Z.%20Wu%2C%20Z.%20L.%20Wang%20Beijing%20Institute%20of%20Nanoenergy%20and%20Nanosystems%20Ch%20separated%2C%20thereby%20reducing%20the%20voltage%20amplitude.%20When%20the%20arrangement%20of%20magnets%20remains%20unchanged%2C%20the%20excitation%20of%20staggered%20magnetic%20becomes%20weaker%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20d.%20In%20consequence%2C%20the%20snapthrough%20concave-convex%20transformation%20develops%20into%20irregularities%2C%20then%20the%20friction%20contact%20is%20incomplete%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20drop%20in%20output%20voltage.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20when%20d%20becomes%20larger%2C%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20the%20speed%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20Mode%20I%20becomes%20lower%20than%2050%20V%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitudes%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20are%20significantly%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20range%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20580%E2%80%93652%20V.%20It%20indicates%20that%20at%20a%20lower%20rotation%20speed%2C%20more%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20increase%20the%20excitation%20frequency%3B%20at%20a%20higher%20rotation%20speed%2C%20fewer%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20make%20the%20magnetic%20excitation%20time%20longer%2C%20thereby%20making%20the%20buckled%20bistable%20beam%20more%20fully%20deformed%2C%20increasing%20the%20contact%20area%20of%20the%20functional%20material%20and%20enhancing%20the%20output%20voltage.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20shortest%20center%20distance%20d%20and%20the%20arrangement%20modes%20of%20magnets%20on%20the%20av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(3)(+0000796): HTTP GET 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erage%20power%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20are%20demonstrated%20in%20Fig.%208.%20As%20the%20rotation%20speed%20increases%2C%20the%20average%20power%20first%20rises%20and%20then%20declines%20when%20d%20does%20not%20change.%20Obviously%2C%20the%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20is%20better%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20While%20the%20mode%20of%20the%20magnet%20arrangement%20remains%20the%20same%2C%20the%20average%20power%20gradually%20increases%20as%20d%20decreases.%20When%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm%20and%20the%20rotational%20speed%20is%20600%20r%2Fmin%2C%20the%20maximum%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20627%20%CE%BCW.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20obtain%20a%20higher%20average%20power%20with%20a%20smaller%20d%2C%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement.%20By%20adjusting%20the%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement%2C%20therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20ca%20separated%2C%20thereby%20reducing%20the%20voltage%20amplitude.%20When%20the%20arrangement%20of%20magnets%20remains%20unchanged%2C%20the%20excitation%20of%20staggered%20magnetic%20becomes%20weaker%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20d.%20In%20consequence%2C%20the%20snapthrough%20concave-convex%20transformation%20develops%20into%20irregularities%2C%20then%20the%20friction%20contact%20is%20incomplete%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20drop%20in%20output%20voltage.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20when%20d%20becomes%20larger%2C%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20the%20speed%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20Mode%20I%20becomes%20lower%20than%2050%20V%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitudes%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20are%20significantly%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20range%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20580%E2%80%93652%20V.%20It%20indicates%20that%20at%20a%20lower%20rotation%20speed%2C%20more%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20increase%20the%20excitation%20frequency%3B%20at%20a%20higher%20rotation%20speed%2C%20fewer%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20make%20the%20magnetic%20excitation%20time%20longer%2C%20thereby%20making%20the%20buckled%20bistable%20beam%20more%20fully%20deformed%2C%20increasing%20the%20contact%20area%20of%20the%20functional%20material%20and%20enhancing%20the%20output%20voltage.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20shortest%20center%20distance%20d%20and%20the%20arrangement%20modes%20of%20magnets%20on%20the%20average%20power%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20are%20demonstrated%20in%20Fig.%208.%20As%20the%20rotation%20speed%20increases%2C%20the%20average%20power%20first%20rises%20and%20then%20declines%20when%20d%20does%20not%20change.%20Obviously%2C%20the%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20is%20better%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20While%20the%20mode%20of%20the%20magnet%20arrangement%20remains%20the%20same%2C%20the%20average%20power%20gradually%20increases%20as%20d%20decreases.%20When%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm%20and%20the%20rotational%20speed%20is%20600%20r%2Fmin%2C%20the%20maximum%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20627%20%CE%BCW.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20obtain%20a%20higher%20average%20power%20with%20a%20smaller%20d%2C%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement.%20By%20adjusting%20the%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement%2C%20therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20ca%20maller%20d.%20In%20order%20to%20verify%20the%20effect%20of%20the%20magnet%20A%20fixed%20on%20the%20buckling%20beam%20on%20the%20output%20performance%20of%20ST-RTENG%2C%20the%20length%20of%20magnet%20A%20was%20increased%20to%20twice%20for%20comparison.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20and%20average%20power%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20are%20investigated%20in%20Mode%20III%20and%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm.%20It%20can%20be%20seen%20from%20Fig.%209%20that%20as%20the%20rotation%20speed%20increases%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20and%20the%20average%20power%20both%20increase%20first%20and%20then%20decrease.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20ST-RTENG%20with%20the%20long%20magnet%20is%20almost%20twice%20that%20with%20the%20long%20magnet%2C%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20is%20achieved%201235%20V%20at%20the%20speed%20of%20150%20r%2Fmin.%20The%20average%20power%20of%20ST-RTENG%20with%20the%20long%20magnet%20is%20778%20%CE%BCW%2C%20which%20is%20about%201.7%20times%20that%20with%20the%20short%20mag%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20is%20better%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20While%20the%20mode%20of%20the%20magnet%20arrangement%20remains%20the%20same%2C%20the%20average%20power%20gradually%20increases%20as%20d%20decreases.%20When%20d%20%3D%2016%20mm%20and%20the%20rotational%20speed%20is%20600%20r%2Fmin%2C%20the%20maximum%20average%20power%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20627%20%CE%BCW.%20Therefore%2C%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20obtain%20a%20higher%20average%20power%20with%20a%20smaller%20d%2C%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20and%20optimal%20magnet%20arrangement.%20By%20adjusting%20the%20matching%20rotation%20speed%20a%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20nanogenerator%20with%20magnetic%20coupling%20and%20buckled%20bistable%20mechanism%20for%20harvesting%20rotational%20energy%2C%20the%20new%20non-optimal%20designs%20have%20shown%20significant%20performance%20improvements%20over%20many%20pristine%20designs.%20We%20will%20improve%20the%20design%20parameters%20and%20manufacturing%20process%20in%20future%20work%20to%20suit%20the%20application%20in%20actual%20working%20conditions.%20Supplementary%20material%20related%20to%20this%20article%20can%20be%20foun%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20nanogenerator%20with%20magnetic%20coupling%20and%20buckled%20bistable%20mechanism%20for%20harvesting%20rotational%20energy%2C%20the%20new%20non-optimal%20designs%20have%20shown%20significant%20performance%20improvements%20over%20many%20pristine%20designs.%20We%20will%20improve%20the%20design%20parameters%20and%20manufacturing%20process%20in%20future%20work%20to%20suit%20the%20application%20in%20actual%20working%20conditions.%20Supplementary%20material%20related%20to%20this%20article%20can%20be%20foun%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20n%20As%20shown%20in%20Fig.%2011%20(a)%2C%201000%20LEDs%20in%20the%20laboratory%20are%20powered%20by%20the%20ST-RTENG%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S1%2C%20Supporting%20information).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20n succeeded with 200 (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000492): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000022): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n rmation). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000001): HTTP GET 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['7', 0, 'lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T', 1] (3)(+0000297): Notifier.trigger('modify', 'setting', [1/lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T], {"1/lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T":{"changed":{"value":6}}}) called [observers: 19] (5)(+0000307): POST /zoterogpt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:23119 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 145 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123" Content-Type: application/json sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Accept: */* Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 (5)(+0000000): HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found X-Zotero-Version: 7.0.0-beta.72+128a540af X-Zotero-Connector-API-Version: 2 Content-Type: text/plain No endpoint found (3)(+0001096): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000024): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n rmation). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the Fig. 10(a) shows that after running 150,000 times of excitation (speed of 250 r/min for 5 h), electrical output fluctuations of less than ± 10% are observed, which proves the robustness and long-term stability of the system. The SEM images in Fig. 10(b) show that the surfaces of the FEP film and copper film of ST-RTENG have no obvious damag","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000001): HTTP GET 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d%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20temperature%20sensor%20for%20about%2020%20s.%20It%20proved%20that%20the%20ST-RTENG%20can%20be%20used%20for%20real-time%20temperature%20monitoring.%20Table%202%20shows%20the%20comparison%20of%20ST-RTENG%20and%20pristine%20TENGs.%20Although%20the%20main%20purpose%20of%20this%20paper%20is%20proposed%20to%20the%20snap-through%20triboelectric%20n%20rmation).%20For%20further%20application%2C%20the%20AC%20voltages%20of%20the%20four%20STRTENG%20units%20are%20treated%20as%20DC%20voltages%20connected%20in%20series%2C%20and%20then%20capacitors%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20after%20circuit%20processing%20and%20the%20application%20of%20the%20ST-RTENG%20to%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20temperature%20sensors%20at%20the%20rotating%20speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20(Movie%20S2%2C%20Supporting%20in-%20formation).%20ST-RTENG%20charges%20the%201000%20%CE%BCF%20capacitor%20to%203%20V%20for%20about%2015%20min%2C%20and%20then%20supplies%20power%20for%20the%20wireless%20transmission%20of%20the%20Fig.%2010(a)%20shows%20that%20after%20running%20150%2C000%20times%20of%20excitation%20(speed%20of%20250%20r%2Fmin%20for%205%20h)%2C%20electrical%20output%20fluctuations%20of%20less%20than%20%C2%B1%2010%25%20are%20observed%2C%20which%20proves%20the%20robustness%20and%20long-term%20stability%20of%20the%20system.%20The%20SEM%20images%20in%20Fig.%2010(b)%20show%20that%20the%20surfaces%20of%20the%20FEP%20film%20and%20copper%20film%20of%20ST-RTENG%20have%20no%20obvious%20damag failed with status code 400 (3)(+0000043): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (5)(+0001538): POST /zoterogpt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:23119 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 145 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123" Content-Type: application/json sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Accept: */* Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 (5)(+0000000): HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found X-Zotero-Version: 7.0.0-beta.72+128a540af X-Zotero-Connector-API-Version: 2 Content-Type: text/plain No endpoint found (3)(+0000411): Writing reader state to D:\Program Files (x86)\Zotero Library\storage\GJ6D3I7T\.zotero-reader-state (4)(+0000976): UPDATE syncedSettings SET 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WHERE setting=? AND libraryID=? ['8', 0, 'lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T', 1] (5)(+0000603): POST /zoterogpt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:23119 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 145 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123" Content-Type: application/json sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Accept: */* Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br, zstd Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 (5)(+0000000): HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found X-Zotero-Version: 7.0.0-beta.72+128a540af X-Zotero-Connector-API-Version: 2 Content-Type: text/plain No endpoint found (3)(+0000037): Notifier.trigger('modify', 'setting', [1/lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T], {"1/lastPageIndex_u_GJ6D3I7T":{"changed":{"value":7}}}) called [observers: 19] (3)(+0000548): [Translate for Zotero] runTranslationTask {} (3)(+0000024): [Translate for Zotero] try itemLanguage en (3)(+0000000): [Translate for Zotero] use autoDetect en (3)(+0000001): [Translate for Zotero] {"id":"bjkGan13-1712755437523","type":"text","raw":"3,14] The serious challenges and situations drive us to make efforts to seek a lightweight, small-sized, cost-effective, and highly-efficient approach for harvesting wave energy.[15] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), proposed by Wang in 2012, have impressive applications in low-freque e energy harvester, which exhibits high output voltage, cost-effective, versatile choice of materials, and envi- ronmental friendliness.[18–22] However, owing to limitations from the low surface charge density, poor surface contact, and insufficient space utilization, the TENG needs further develop- ment for large-scale application in wave energy harvestin mbH 2205011 (1 of 11) Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerator with a Double-Sided Fluff and Double Halbach Array for Wave Energy Harvesting Chengcheng Han, Zhi Cao, Zhihao Yuan, Zhiwei Zhang, Xiaoqing Huo, Li’ang Zhang, Zhiyi Wu,* and Zhong Lin Wang* Harvesting wave energy is challenging due to the waves’ direction, randomization, and ultra-low vibration frequency limitations. Here, a double-sided fluff and double Halbach array structured hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator (FH-HG) for harvesting ultra-low frequency wave energy is reported. The double-sided fluff fabricates three triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which significantly enhance space utilization and volume power density. Meanwhile, the double Halbach array electromagnetic generator (H-EMG) provides the optimum counterweight in the double-sided fluff TENG (F-TENG) and transforms the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The optimal linkages of TENGs and EMGs are both specified as parallel, according to a series of theoretical analyses and experimental comparisons. As the result, the maximum volume power density of F-TENG and H-EMG is achieved at 2.02 and 16.96 W m-3, respectively. The design of the double- sided fluff and the double Halbach array ensures the device’s superior output at low frequencies while also increasing its endurance. Furthermore, the outputs of the FH-HG can power some small electronic devices and the Bluetooth transmission system to achieve the purpose of real time marine environmental monitoring. Overall, benefiting from the excellent structural design and distinctive operational mechanism, the FH-HG provides a remarkable candidate for harvesting wave energy on a large scale. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202205011 C. Han, Z. Zhang, X. Huo, Z. Wu, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Ch separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca separated, thereby reducing the voltage amplitude. When the arrangement of magnets remains unchanged, the excitation of staggered magnetic becomes weaker with the increase of d. In consequence, the snapthrough concave-convex transformation develops into irregularities, then the friction contact is incomplete, resulting in a drop in output voltage. In addition, we also find that when d becomes larger, with the increase of the speed, the voltage amplitude of Mode I becomes lower than 50 V and the voltage amplitudes of Mode II and III are significantly higher than that of Mode I. The voltage amplitude range of Mode III is 580–652 V. It indicates that at a lower rotation speed, more pairs of magnets with staggered poles can increase the excitation frequency; at a higher rotation speed, fewer pairs of magnets with staggered poles can make the magnetic excitation time longer, thereby making the buckled bistable beam more fully deformed, increasing the contact area of the functional material and enhancing the output voltage. The effect of the shortest center distance d and the arrangement modes of magnets on the average power of the ST-RTENG are demonstrated in Fig. 8. As the rotation speed increases, the average power first rises and then declines when d does not change. Obviously, the average power of Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement, therefore, the ST-RTENG ca maller d. In order to verify the effect of the magnet A fixed on the buckling beam on the output performance of ST-RTENG, the length of magnet A was increased to twice for comparison. The voltage amplitude and average power of the ST-RTENG are investigated in Mode III and d = 16 mm. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that as the rotation speed increases, the voltage amplitude and the average power both increase first and then decrease. The voltage amplitude of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is almost twice that with the long magnet, and the voltage amplitude is achieved 1235 V at the speed of 150 r/min. The average power of ST-RTENG with the long magnet is 778 μW, which is about 1.7 times that with the short mag Mode II and III is better than that of Mode I. While the mode of the magnet arrangement remains the same, the average power gradually increases as d decreases. When d = 16 mm and the rotational speed is 600 r/min, the maximum average power of Mode III is 627 μW. Therefore, the ST-RTENG can obtain a higher average power with a smaller d, matching rotation speed and optimal magnet arrangement. By adjusting the matching rotation speed a As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric nanogenerator with magnetic coupling and buckled bistable mechanism for harvesting rotational energy, the new non-optimal designs have shown significant performance improvements over many pristine designs. We will improve the design parameters and manufacturing process in future work to suit the application in actual working conditions. Supplementary material related to this article can be foun As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n As shown in Fig. 11 (a), 1000 LEDs in the laboratory are powered by the ST-RTENG at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S1, Supporting information). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the temperature sensor for about 20 s. It proved that the ST-RTENG can be used for real-time temperature monitoring. Table 2 shows the comparison of ST-RTENG and pristine TENGs. Although the main purpose of this paper is proposed to the snap-through triboelectric n rmation). For further application, the AC voltages of the four STRTENG units are treated as DC voltages connected in series, and then capacitors of the ST-RTENG after circuit processing and the application of the ST-RTENG to power for the wireless transmission of temperature sensors at the rotating speed of 250 r/min (Movie S2, Supporting in- formation). ST-RTENG charges the 1000 μF capacitor to 3 V for about 15 min, and then supplies power for the wireless transmission of the Fig. 10(a) shows that after running 150,000 times of excitation (speed of 250 r/min for 5 h), electrical output fluctuations of less than ± 10% are observed, which proves the robustness and long-term stability of the system. The SEM images in Fig. 10(b) show that the surfaces of the FEP film and copper film of ST-RTENG have no obvious damag significantly enhances the performance of the TENG. By adjusting the shortest center distance d and the different modes of magnet arrangement, the best electrical output can be obtained at different rotational speed. The ST-RTENG with two pairs of magnets with staggered poles has a maximum voltage of 1235 V at a rotating speed of 150 r/min and a maximum average power of 778 μW at a rotating speed of 800 r/min. The prototype can light up more than 1000 LEDs under low speed excitation, and realize self-powered temperature monitoring and wireless transmission. The rotational energy harvester with magnetic coupling buckled bistable mechanism proposed in this paper can be used for wind energy harvesting in the field environment, self-powered state monitoring of pressure pipelines, and other applications that re","result":"","audio":[],"service":"google","candidateServices":[],"itemId":102,"status":"processing","extraTasks":[],"langfrom":"en","langto":"zh","callerID":"zoteropdftranslate@euclpts.com","secret":""} (3)(+0000002): HTTP GET https://translate.google.com/translate_a/single?client=gtx&sl=en&tl=zh&hl=zh-CN&dt=at&dt=bd&dt=ex&dt=ld&dt=md&dt=qca&dt=rw&dt=rm&dt=ss&dt=t&source=bh&ssel=0&tsel=0&kc=1&tk=918268.538248&q=3%2C14%5D%20The%20serious%20challenges%20and%20situations%20drive%20us%20to%20make%20efforts%20to%20seek%20a%20lightweight%2C%20small-sized%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20and%20highly-efficient%20approach%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy.%5B15%5D%20Triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20proposed%20by%20Wang%20in%202012%2C%20have%20impressive%20applications%20in%20low-freque%20e%20energy%20harvester%2C%20which%20exhibits%20high%20output%20voltage%2C%20cost-effective%2C%20versatile%20choice%20of%20materials%2C%20and%20envi-%20ronmental%20friendliness.%5B18%E2%80%9322%5D%20However%2C%20owing%20to%20limitations%20from%20the%20low%20surface%20charge%20density%2C%20poor%20surface%20contact%2C%20and%20insufficient%20space%20utilization%2C%20the%20TENG%20needs%20further%20develop-%20ment%20for%20large-scale%20application%20in%20wave%20energy%20harvestin%20mbH%202205011%20(1%20of%2011)%20Hybrid%20Triboelectric-Electromagnetic%20Nanogenerator%20with%20a%20Double-Sided%20Fluff%20and%20Double%20Halbach%20Array%20for%20Wave%20Energy%20Harvesting%20Chengcheng%20Han%2C%20Zhi%20Cao%2C%20Zhihao%20Yuan%2C%20Zhiwei%20Zhang%2C%20Xiaoqing%20Huo%2C%20Li%E2%80%99ang%20Zhang%2C%20Zhiyi%20Wu%2C*%20and%20Zhong%20Lin%20Wang*%20Harvesting%20wave%20energy%20is%20challenging%20due%20to%20the%20waves%E2%80%99%20direction%2C%20randomization%2C%20and%20ultra-low%20vibration%20frequency%20limitations.%20Here%2C%20a%20double-sided%20fluff%20and%20double%20Halbach%20array%20structured%20hybrid%20triboelectric-electromagnetic%20nanogenerator%20(FH-HG)%20for%20harvesting%20ultra-low%20frequency%20wave%20energy%20is%20reported.%20The%20double-sided%20fluff%20fabricates%20three%20triboelectric%20nanogenerators%20(TENGs)%2C%20which%20significantly%20enhance%20space%20utilization%20and%20volume%20power%20density.%20Meanwhile%2C%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20electromagnetic%20generator%20(H-EMG)%20provides%20the%20optimum%20counterweight%20in%20the%20double-sided%20fluff%20TENG%20(F-TENG)%20and%20transforms%20the%20mechanical%20energy%20into%20electrical%20energy.%20The%20optimal%20linkages%20of%20TENGs%20and%20EMGs%20are%20both%20specified%20as%20parallel%2C%20according%20to%20a%20series%20of%20theoretical%20analyses%20and%20experimental%20comparisons.%20As%20the%20result%2C%20the%20maximum%20volume%20power%20density%20of%20F-TENG%20and%20H-EMG%20is%20achieved%20at%202.02%20and%2016.96%20W%20m-3%2C%20respectively.%20The%20design%20of%20the%20double-%20sided%20fluff%20and%20the%20double%20Halbach%20array%20ensures%20the%20device%E2%80%99s%20superior%20output%20at%20low%20frequencies%20while%20also%20increasing%20its%20endurance.%20Furthermore%2C%20the%20outputs%20of%20the%20FH-HG%20can%20power%20some%20small%20electronic%20devices%20and%20the%20Bluetooth%20transmission%20system%20to%20achieve%20the%20purpose%20of%20real%20time%20marine%20environmental%20monitoring.%20Overall%2C%20benefiting%20from%20the%20excellent%20structural%20design%20and%20distinctive%20operational%20mechanism%2C%20the%20FH-HG%20provides%20a%20remarkable%20candidate%20for%20harvesting%20wave%20energy%20on%20a%20large%20scale.%20DOI%3A%2010.1002%2Fadfm.202205011%20C.%20Han%2C%20Z.%20Zhang%2C%20X.%20Huo%2C%20Z.%20Wu%2C%20Z.%20L.%20Wang%20Beijing%20Institute%20of%20Nanoenergy%20and%20Nanosystems%20Ch%20separated%2C%20thereby%20reducing%20the%20voltage%20amplitude.%20When%20the%20arrangement%20of%20magnets%20remains%20unchanged%2C%20the%20excitation%20of%20staggered%20magnetic%20becomes%20weaker%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20d.%20In%20consequence%2C%20the%20snapthrough%20concave-convex%20transformation%20develops%20into%20irregularities%2C%20then%20the%20friction%20contact%20is%20incomplete%2C%20resulting%20in%20a%20drop%20in%20output%20voltage.%20In%20addition%2C%20we%20also%20find%20that%20when%20d%20becomes%20larger%2C%20with%20the%20increase%20of%20the%20speed%2C%20the%20voltage%20amplitude%20of%20Mode%20I%20becomes%20lower%20than%2050%20V%20and%20the%20voltage%20amplitudes%20of%20Mode%20II%20and%20III%20are%20significantly%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20Mode%20I.%20The%20voltage%20amplitude%20range%20of%20Mode%20III%20is%20580%E2%80%93652%20V.%20It%20indicates%20that%20at%20a%20lower%20rotation%20speed%2C%20more%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20increase%20the%20excitation%20frequency%3B%20at%20a%20higher%20rotation%20speed%2C%20fewer%20pairs%20of%20magnets%20with%20staggered%20poles%20can%20make%20the%20magnetic%20excitation%20time%20longer%2C%20thereby%20making%20the%20buckled%20bistable%20beam%20more%20fully%20deformed%2C%20increasing%20the%20contact%20area%20of%20the%20functional%20material%20and%20enhancing%20the%20output%20voltage.%20The%20effect%20of%20the%20shortest%20center%20distance%20d%20and%20the%20arrangement%20modes%20of%20magnets%20on%20the%20av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