diff --git a/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/.gitignore b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1521057612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Xmake cache
+.xmake/
+build/
+
+# MacOS Cache
+.DS_Store
+
+
diff --git a/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/src/my_module.cpp b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/src/my_module.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5264da8216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/src/my_module.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module my_module;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+import std.core;
+#else
+import std;
+#endif
+
+auto my_sum(size_t a, size_t b) -> size_t { return a + b; }
diff --git a/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/src/my_module.mpp b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/src/my_module.mpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c0e44bc9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/src/my_module.mpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export module my_module;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+import std.core;
+#else
+import std;
+#endif
+
+export auto my_sum(size_t a, size_t b) -> size_t;
diff --git a/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/test/test.cpp b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/test/test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a12813c248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/test/test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+import std.core;
+#else
+import std;
+#endif
+
+import my_module;
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    cout << my_sum(1, 1) << endl;
+}
diff --git a/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/xmake.lua b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/xmake.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3521e74bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/projects/c++/modules/stdmodules/xmake.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+add_rules("mode.debug", "mode.release")
+set_languages("c++20")
+
+add_cxxflags("clang::-stdlib=libc++")
+set_values("msvc.modules.stdifcdir", true)
+target("mod")
+    set_kind("shared")
+    add_files("src/*.cpp", "src/*.mpp")
+
+target("test")
+    set_kind("binary")
+    add_files("test/*.cpp")
+    add_deps("mod")
diff --git a/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua b/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua
index ff792325a8..9fa225155e 100644
--- a/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua
+++ b/xmake/core/tool/builder.lua
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ function builder:_targetkind()
     return self._TARGETKIND
 end
 
--- map gcc flag to the given builder flag
-function builder:_mapflag(flag, flagkind, mapflags, auto_ignore_flags)
+-- map flag implementation
+function builder:_mapflag_impl(flag, flagkind, mapflags, auto_ignore_flags)
 
     -- attempt to map it directly
     local flag_mapped = mapflags[flag]
@@ -76,9 +76,24 @@ function builder:_mapflag(flag, flagkind, mapflags, auto_ignore_flags)
     end
 end
 
--- map gcc flags to the given builder flags
-function builder:_mapflags(flags, flagkind, target)
+-- map flag
+function builder:_mapflag(flag, flagkind, target)
+    local mapflags = self:get("mapflags")
+    local auto_map_flags = target and target.policy and target:policy("check.auto_map_flags")
+    local auto_ignore_flags = target and target.policy and target:policy("check.auto_ignore_flags")
+    if mapflags and (auto_map_flags ~= false) then
+        return self:_mapflag_impl(flag, flagkind, mapflags, auto_ignore_flags)
+    else
+        if auto_ignore_flags == false or self:has_flags(flag, flagkind) then
+            return flag
+        else
+            utils.warning("add_%s(\"%s\") is ignored, please pass `{force = true}` or call `set_policy(\"check.auto_ignore_flags\", false)` if you want to set it.", flagkind, flag)
+        end
+    end
+end
 
+-- map flags
+function builder:_mapflags(flags, flagkind, target)
     local results = {}
     local mapflags = self:get("mapflags")
     local auto_map_flags = target and target.policy and target:policy("check.auto_map_flags")
@@ -86,7 +101,7 @@ function builder:_mapflags(flags, flagkind, target)
     flags = table.wrap(flags)
     if mapflags and (auto_map_flags ~= false) then
         for _, flag in pairs(flags) do
-            local flag_mapped = self:_mapflag(flag, flagkind, mapflags, auto_ignore_flags)
+            local flag_mapped = self:_mapflag_impl(flag, flagkind, mapflags, auto_ignore_flags)
             if flag_mapped then
                 table.insert(results, flag_mapped)
             end
@@ -132,19 +147,42 @@ end
 function builder:_add_flags_from_flagkind(flags, target, flagkind, opt)
     local targetflags = target:get(flagkind, opt)
     local extraconf   = target:extraconf(flagkind)
-    if extraconf then
-        for _, flag in ipairs(table.wrap(targetflags)) do
-            -- @note we need join the single flag with shallow mode, aboid expand table values
-            -- e.g. add_cflags({"-I", "/tmp/xxx foo"}, {force = true, expand = false})
-            local flagconf = extraconf[flag]
-            if flagconf and flagconf.force then
-                table.shallow_join2(flags, flag)
+    for _, flag in ipairs(table.wrap(targetflags)) do
+        -- does this flag belong to this tool?
+        -- @see https://github.com/xmake-io/xmake/issues/3022
+        --
+        -- e.g.
+        -- for all: add_cxxflags("-g")
+        -- only for clang: add_cxxflags("clang::-stdlib=libc++")
+        -- only for clang and multiple flags: add_cxxflags("-stdlib=libc++", "-DFOO", {tools = "clang"})
+        --
+        local for_this_tool = true
+        local flagconf = extraconf and extraconf[flag]
+        if type(flag) == "string" and flag:find("::", 1, true) then
+            for_this_tool = false
+            local splitinfo = flag:split("::", {plain = true})
+            local toolname = splitinfo[1]
+            if toolname == self:name() then
+                flag = splitinfo[2]
+                for_this_tool = true
+            end
+        elseif flagconf and flagconf.tools then
+            for_this_tool = table.contains(table.wrap(flagconf.tools), self:name())
+        end
+
+        if for_this_tool then
+            if extraconf then
+                -- @note we need join the single flag with shallow mode, aboid expand table values
+                -- e.g. add_cflags({"-I", "/tmp/xxx foo"}, {force = true, expand = false})
+                if flagconf and flagconf.force then
+                    table.shallow_join2(flags, flag)
+                else
+                    table.shallow_join2(flags, self:_mapflag(flag, flagkind, target))
+                end
             else
                 table.shallow_join2(flags, self:_mapflag(flag, flagkind, target))
             end
         end
-    else
-        table.join2(flags, self:_mapflags(targetflags, flagkind, target))
     end
 end
 
diff --git a/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/clang.lua b/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/clang.lua
index 100830046c..a3cf06e79f 100644
--- a/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/clang.lua
+++ b/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/clang.lua
@@ -66,21 +66,41 @@ end
 
 -- load module support for the current target
 function load(target)
-    -- get module and module cache flags
     local modulesflag = get_modulesflag(target)
     local builtinmodulemapflag = get_builtinmodulemapflag(target)
     local implicitmodulesflag = get_implicitmodulesflag(target)
-    local noimplicitmodulemapsflag = get_noimplicitmodulemapsflag(target)
 
     -- add module flags
     target:add("cxxflags", modulesflag)
-
-    -- add the module cache directory
     target:add("cxxflags", builtinmodulemapflag, {force = true})
     target:add("cxxflags", implicitmodulesflag, {force = true})
-    target:add("cxxflags", noimplicitmodulemapsflag, {force = true})
 
-    target:data_set("cxx.modules.use_libc++", table.contains(target:get("cxxflags"), "-stdlib=libc++"))
+    -- fix default visibility for functions and variables [-fvisibility] differs in PCH file vs. current file
+    -- module.pcm cannot be loaded due to a configuration mismatch with the current compilation.
+    --
+    -- it will happen in binary target depend ont shared target with modules, and enable release mode at same time.
+    local dep_symbols
+    local has_shared_deps = false
+    for _, dep in ipairs(target:orderdeps()) do
+        if dep:is_shared() then
+            dep_symbols = dep:get("symbols")
+            has_shared_deps = true
+            break
+        end
+    end
+    if has_shared_deps then
+        target:set("symbols", dep_symbols and dep_symbols or "none")
+    end
+
+    -- if use libc++, we need install libc++ and libc++abi
+    --
+    -- on ubuntu:
+    -- sudo apt install libc++-dev libc++abi-15-dev
+    --
+    target:data_set("cxx.modules.use_libc++", table.contains(target:get("cxxflags"), "-stdlib=libc++", "clang::-stdlib=libc++"))
+    if target:data("cxx.modules.use_libc++") then
+        target:add("syslinks", "c++")
+    end
 end
 
 -- get includedirs for stl headers
@@ -93,6 +113,10 @@ end
 function _get_toolchain_includedirs_for_stlheaders(includedirs, clang)
     local tmpfile = os.tmpfile() .. ".cc"
     io.writefile(tmpfile, "#include <vector>")
+    local argv = {"-E", "-x", "c++", tmpfile}
+    if target:data("cxx.modules.use_libc++") then
+        table.insert(argv, 1, "-stdlib=libc++")
+    end
     local result = try {function () return os.iorunv(clang, {"-E", "-x", "c++", tmpfile}) end}
     if result then
         for _, line in ipairs(result:split("\n", {plain = true})) do
diff --git a/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/msvc.lua b/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/msvc.lua
index 04ab2bf7af..b57ac4520d 100644
--- a/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/msvc.lua
+++ b/xmake/rules/c++/modules/modules_support/msvc.lua
@@ -126,25 +126,30 @@ end
 
 -- load module support for the current target
 function load(target)
-    -- get flags
-    local modulesflag = get_modulesflag(target)
 
     -- add modules flags
+    local modulesflag = get_modulesflag(target)
     target:add("cxxflags", modulesflag)
 
     -- add stdifcdir in case of if the user ask for it
-    if target:values("msvc.modules.stdifcdir") then
-        local stdifcdirflag = get_stdifcdirflag(target)
-        for _, toolchain_inst in ipairs(target:toolchains()) do
-            if toolchain_inst:name() == "msvc" then
-                local vcvars = toolchain_inst:config("vcvars")
-                if vcvars.VCInstallDir and vcvars.VCToolsVersion then
-                    local stdifcdir = path.join(vcvars.VCInstallDir, "Tools", "MSVC", vcvars.VCToolsVersion, "ifc", target:is_arch("x64") and "x64" or "x86")
+    local stdifcdirflag = get_stdifcdirflag(target)
+    if stdifcdirflag then
+        local msvc = target:toolchain("msvc")
+        if msvc then
+            local vcvars = msvc:config("vcvars")
+            if vcvars.VCInstallDir and vcvars.VCToolsVersion then
+                local arch
+                if target:is_arch("x64", "x86_64") then
+                    arch = "x64"
+                elseif target:is_arch("x86", "i386") then
+                    arch = "x86"
+                end
+                if arch then
+                    local stdifcdir = path.join(vcvars.VCInstallDir, "Tools", "MSVC", vcvars.VCToolsVersion, "ifc", arch)
                     if os.isdir(stdifcdir) then
                         target:add("cxxflags", {stdifcdirflag, winos.short_path(stdifcdir)}, {force = true, expand = false})
                     end
                 end
-                break
             end
         end
     end