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README.md

PiTutorial

Lab 326 settings

  • During the lab, you will work as a group of 2 (or 3) members.
  • Seat arrangement
    • Odd number: PC (do not remove anything from it). You will need this to google solutions for any troubles you may have.
    • Even number: Raspberry Pi
      • Do not remove keyboard or mouse from the PC. Extra keyboards and mouses are provided during the lab.
      • You're recommended to use WiFi to connect you RPI to the internet. But, if you need wired connection with static IP, you may use the ethernet cable from your PC. When you're done, please put it back to the PC.
      • Connect HDMI cable to your RPI and the display. Then, don't forget to change the input of your display to HDMI.
      • AFTER YOU'RE DONE. PUT EVERYTHING BACK!
  • We have WiFis for Raspberry Pi in 326 (during the lab) and 413 (24h). Access info is as follows.
    • 326 (during the lab)
      • SSID/pw: RPI_5G / raspberrypi
      • SSID/pw: RPI / raspberrypi
    • 413
      • Register and get access info from here.
  • NO FOOD IN THE LAB!
    • If you bring any food, your grade goes down by one level.    * NO SNACK! NO COFFEE! NO JUICE! NO TEA!
    • The only exception is water WITH A CAP.

Lab 1. Intro to RPI

Pre-lab Questions

Q. What is Raspberry Pi? 
Q. What is it good for? 
Q. What do you want to make using Raspberry Pi?

Installation!

  1. Attach heat sinks image of heat sinks

  2. Make Raspbian micro SD image

  3. Configuring your RPI

    • Change password!

      passwd

      Account "pi" is an administrator. So, it's very important to use a strong password to secure your system.

      It's also a good idea to make a new id that you like and make it an administrator. You can do it as follows.

      sudo adduser [ID YOU WANT]
sudo adduser [ID YOU WANT] sudo

      Here, "sudo" is a special command (only for administrators) to change or set critical system settings. Any sudo command requires authentification based on the password of the current your.

      System-critical operations can be done only by sudoers.

      For example, you can reboot your RPI with this command:

      sudo reboot

      You can shutdown the system with:

      sudo shutdown -h now

      It's a good idea to shutdown before you unplug the power.

    • Using raspi-config In RPI, you can change any setting you like using command line commands. There is an easier way. Execute:

      sudo raspi-config

      You will see a menu for some common settings. image of heat sinks

    • Enable SSH

      SSH is the standard way to connect any Linux-based machine. Using ssh, you can remotely connect to your RPI. So, let's turn it on.

      Run "raspi-config" and select "5 Interfacing Options" > "P2 SSH". Then, you can enable SSH.

      sudo raspi-config

      image of heat sinks image of heat sinks

    • Change locale

      By default, RPI is set up for British English and British keyboards. The former may not a big problem, but the latter is. With default setting, you may not type special characters like " or #! So, let's change the locale and keyboard layout using raspi-config.

      Run "raspi-config" and select "4 Localization Options" > "I1 Change Locale"

      sudo raspi-config

      image of locale setting image of locale setting

      Here, uncheck anything starting with "en_GB" and check "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8." image of locale setting

      Set also default locale to "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8." Then, wait for a while. image of locale setting

      sudo reboot

    • Change keyboard layout

      Run "raspi-config" and select "4 Localization Options"> "I3 Change Keyboard layout". Select "Generic 102-key", "English(US)", and default for the others. Then reboot.

      sudo raspi-config

      image of locale setting image of locale setting image of locale setting

      sudo reboot

    • For other settings, see https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-2-first-time-configuration

  4. Network setup

    • Because this is an "IoT" class, we will use WiFi.

    • But, unfortunately, the built-in WiFi has a serious compatibility issues with many WiFi APs. See here for more detail.

    • You have two solutions

      • Replace WiFI AP (which I did for rooms 326 and 413)
      • Add another WiFi dongle to your RPI

    • In room 326, you can setup as follows to access the WiFi.

      ADD the following lines at the end of /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf. (DO NOT CHANGE THE FIRST THREE LINES!)

      network={
    ssid="RPI_5G"
    psk="raspberrypi"
    priority=1
}
network={
    ssid="RPI"
    psk="raspberrypi"
    priority=2
}

      Then, reboot.

      sudo reboot

Play with RPI

  1. Change your hostname.

Hint: use "raspi-config" command

  1. Change timezone.

Hint: use "raspi-config" command and see inside of localization options

  1. Remotely connect your RPI using SSH.

  2. Update your RPI

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Git

Git is the SW engineer's best friend! Git is a modern version control system, which is an essential platform for SW development. Github offers repositories for git and web-based tools for free! Most open-source softwares are hosted on github, which became a de-facto reposotiry for collaborating and sharing your codes with the global community. This week, you will learn how to use git and open an account on github. From now on, all the codes will be submitted through github.com

Online tutorial

Exercise

  • Install git on your system.

    On Ubuntu, you can install git using apt-get:

    sudo apt-get install git

    On OSX, first install Macport and then install git:

    sudo port install git

    On MS Windows, install "git for windows". Here is a guideline.

  • Open an account on github.com.

  • Make a homepage linked to your github id on [YOUR-ID].github.io. (See https://pages.github.com for steps.)

  • Make a repository for your individual lab codes. Make a README.md with descrptions about your codes.

  • Make a repository for your team project. Make a README.md with descrptions about your codes.

[Demo] Lab 1 and Git

Bring your RPI to the front and show us the following.

  1. WiFi setup In the terminal,

    1. show /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf using a text editor.

    2. check connection to the AP.

      ping 192.168.0.1

    3. check connection to an external website.

      ping www.google.com

  2. Git

    1. Clone a remote repository in your GitHub to your RPI

    2. Make some changes.

    3. Commit the change to the local repository

    4. Push the change to the remote repository (GitHub)

Lab 2. Python crash course

Pre-lab Questions

  1. Why Python?

    Read an article here about Python. Summarize why Python is so popular these days.

  2. Set up Python development environment in your PC

    You can follow a quick tutorial in https://github.com/ys7yoo/PyBasic#1-setting-up-python-environment.

  3. Review git commands (clone, commit, push, pull)

Working with git!

We will actively use git in our labs.

Today, we will make full use of 1 PC + 1 RPI setup in room 326. As shown in the following figure, your will write a python code on the desktop and play with it. When you're sure that your code is ready, push your code to github repository. You will "pull" the code from the repository to your RPI. Then, your can run it on your RPI.

image of git setting

Step 1. Make a repository on github.com that you want to share with your teammate.

  1. Go to github.com and log in.

  2. Click "New repository" button to create a new one.

  3. Create a README.md file!

  4. Add your teammate as a collaborator of the repository

    In the repository you made, you can add a collaborator from "Settings" > " "Collaboratiors" menu.

Step 2. Work on PC

  1. Install Git for windows (or Source Tree)

  2. Clone the repository to the desktop.

git clone [ADDRESS OF YOUR REPOSITORY]
cd [NAME OF THE REPOSITORY]
  1. Add a python code to the folder.

You can add the file to the LOCAL reposibory by

git add [FILE NAME]

  1. You can check your code in https://repl.it

  2. When your code is ready, commit your work and push it to the REMOTE repository.

git commit [ANY CHANGE YOU MADE]
git push
  1. Check that the change is applied to your github repository.

Step 3. Test on RPI

  1. First of all, you need to install git on your RPI.
sudo apt install git
  1. Clone the repository to your RPI.
git clone [ADDRESS OF YOUR REPOSITORY]
cd [NAME OF THE REPOSITORY]

  1. Run and make any change you want.

  2. To submit changes you made to the REMOTE repository,

git commit [ANY CHANGE YOU MADE]
git push

Python 3 programming

Now, let's start Python programming!

A list of key concepts about Python 3 is here: https://github.com/ys7yoo/PyBasic#2-python-3-programming. Read each topic and run sample codes with your teammate.

[DEMO] Lab 2. Git & Python exercises

  1. Show your repository on GitHub. (Use the front PC.)

  2. Show the local copy of the repository in your RPI. (Connect your RPI to the HDMI input on the wall.)

  3. Run a simple Python code (of your choice). Explain the code and the result.

Lab 3. GPIO

Pre-lab Questions

Read the article on https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/usage/gpio-plus-and-raspi2/ and answer the following questions.

Q. What is GPIO?
Q. How does this electrical circuit work? (Explain what happens when the switch turns on or off.)

image of simple circuit

Read the article on https://playground.arduino.cc/CommonTopics/PullUpDownResistor and answer the following question

Q. How does the switch with the pull down register work? (Explain what happens when the switch turns on or off.)

image of pull down register

Overview

Today, we will make a thing that interacts with the envorinment through GPIO.

image of thing

Acting

We will start from a simple example of blinking an LED.

  1. First of all, check the arrangement of GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi 3B:

    GPIO pin info

  2. Choose a GPIO port (18) and a GND port. Put a LED and a resistor in series, and connect them to the selected ports. Be careful about the polarity of the LED! You must connect anode (+, longer leg) to the GPIO port and cathode(-, shorter leg) to the resister.

    GPIO and LED

  3. Grant yourself the access to GPIO.

    If you're wokring with the default user id (pi), you can skip this step. But, if you made a new account and are working with it, you should get access to the GPIO and reboot.

    sudo adduser [YOUR ID] gpio
sudo reboot

  4. Install the Raspberry Pi GPIO package for Python 3.

    First, install pip3.

    sudo apt install python3-pip

    Then, install RPi.GPIO

    pip3 install RPi.GPIO

  5. Run the following Python Code.

    # import required libraries 
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# set up the GPIO 18 for output
portNo = 12 # GPIO 18 is on physical port 12
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(portNo, GPIO.OUT)

# blink the LED
for i in range(3):
    GPIO.output(portNo,True)
    time.sleep(1)
    GPIO.output(portNo,False)
    time.sleep(1)

# clean up GPIO settings
GPIO.cleanup()

    The code is in https://raw.github.com/ys7yoo/PiTutorial/master/src/led.py. You can download and run it as follows.

    wget https://raw.github.com/ys7yoo/PiTutorial/master/src/led.py
python3 led.py

Sensing

Next step is to sense the input from the environment.

Let's start from a simplest possible case: read a digital input (0 or 1). By setting a GPIO port as an input port, you can read the state of the pushbutton. The pulldown resister is used to make sure that no (or very little) current flows when the switch is off.

  1. Choose GPIO (16), +3.3, and GND ports and connect them to a pushbutton and a resister as shown in the following figure. Note that you put the pushbutton and the resistor in series and wire the GPIO port to one side of the resister. GPIO and pushbutton

  2. Run the following Python code and check the output changes from 0 to 1 as you push the pushbutton.

    # import required libraries
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# set up the GPIO 16 for input
portNo=16
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)		# you can set up with BCM
GPIO.setup(portNo, GPIO.IN)

# read the state of the push button
for i in range(30):
    print(GPIO.input(portNo))
    time.sleep(0.2)

GPIO.cleanup()

    The code is in https://raw.github.com/ys7yoo/PiTutorial/master/src/push.py. You can download and run it as follows.

    wget https://raw.github.com/ys7yoo/PiTutorial/master/src/push.py
python3 push.py

Combining acting and sensing

Next, let's combine acting and sensing. Using the two Python codes (led.py and push.py) as a starting point, write a new code that read the switch state and show it using the LED.

Use case study

Today, you learned how to sense and act through GPIO. You can replace led and pushbutton with other sensors and actuators. For example, you can sense the temparature of the room and act something clever (e.g. turn on the hitter if it's too cold.)

Based on your term project topic, write a (simple) use case for an interacting thing. Hook up your RPI to a sensor and an actuator for the use case. Play with it and write what you learn from the experiments.

Tips

Breadboard

If you're new to electronics lab and breadboard, check https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-breadboard.

Cobbler

With Cobbler and cable, you can "dump" all the RPI ports to your breadboard.

Cobbler

Demo of Lab 3

Demo your "Combining acting and sensing" (Controlling LED with switch.)

Lab 4. Audio

Pre-lab Questions

  1. Read the article here and answer the following questions.

    • What is Natural User Interface (NUI)? Explain NUI by comparing it with CLI and GUI.
    • What can NUI offer to use?
    • What kinds of technologies can be used for NUI?

  2. Read the following materials.

    Install gTTS on your Raspberry Pi.

    sudo apt install python3-pymad -y
pip3 install --upgrade gTTS

  3. Go to the Jasper website (https://jasperproject.github.io) and watch the video clip.

    Install required packages for Jasper before coming to the class.

    sudo apt install bison libasound2-dev libportaudio-dev python3-pyaudio -y

git clone https://github.com/jasperproject/jasper-client.git jasper 

pip3 install --upgrade setuptools
pip3 install -r jasper/client/requirements.txt

Overview

We will make the thing smarter so that we can interact with it more naturally. This week, we will upgrade our thing to speak and understand what we say.

image of thing

Set up your audio output

  1. Plug in your earphone to the 3.5mm jack on your RPI.
  2. Choose the default output to be the jack. Follow instructions here
  3. Add you to the audio group to get permission to audio devices.
sudo adduser [YOUR ID] audio

Text-to-Speech

Let's convert a text to speech and save it to a wav file.

  1. Launch python3 and type the following code:

    # 1. Import `gTTS`
from gtts import gTTS

# 2. Create an instance
tts = gTTS(text='Hello', lang='en', slow=True)

# 3. Write to a file
tts.save("hello.wav")

  2. Then, you will see that hello.wav file is generated.

  3. Play the file using aplay

    aplay hello.wav

Set up your mic

  1. Connect your mic through USB port.
  2. Follow instructuins here for setting up your mic.

Speech-to-Text

Follow instructiosn here.

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