From 6ce9a57908cbdd42de42d8ea66be63d96d3d7221 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ymc9 <104139426+ymc9@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 22:06:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] fix: sqlite createMany issue with mismatching columns

---
 packages/runtime/src/client/contract.ts       | 108 +++++++++---------
 .../runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/base.ts  |   5 +
 .../src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts    |   4 +
 .../src/client/crud/dialects/sqlite.ts        |   4 +
 .../src/client/crud/operations/base.ts        |  33 +++++-
 .../test/client-api/default-values.test.ts    |  32 +++++-
 6 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/contract.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/contract.ts
index f9182845..48577a32 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/contract.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/contract.ts
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ export type ClientContract<Schema extends SchemaDef> = {
      * Executes a prepared raw query and returns the number of affected rows.
      * @example
      * ```
-     * const result = await client.$executeRaw`UPDATE User SET cool = ${true} WHERE email = ${'user@email.com'};`
+     * const result = await db.$executeRaw`UPDATE User SET cool = ${true} WHERE email = ${'user@email.com'};`
      * ```
      */
     $executeRaw(query: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: any[]): ZenStackPromise<Schema, number>;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export type ClientContract<Schema extends SchemaDef> = {
      * This method is susceptible to SQL injections.
      * @example
      * ```
-     * const result = await client.$executeRawUnsafe('UPDATE User SET cool = $1 WHERE email = $2 ;', true, 'user@email.com')
+     * const result = await db.$executeRawUnsafe('UPDATE User SET cool = $1 WHERE email = $2 ;', true, 'user@email.com')
      * ```
      */
     $executeRawUnsafe(query: string, ...values: any[]): ZenStackPromise<Schema, number>;
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export type ClientContract<Schema extends SchemaDef> = {
      * Performs a prepared raw query and returns the `SELECT` data.
      * @example
      * ```
-     * const result = await client.$queryRaw`SELECT * FROM User WHERE id = ${1} OR email = ${'user@email.com'};`
+     * const result = await db.$queryRaw`SELECT * FROM User WHERE id = ${1} OR email = ${'user@email.com'};`
      * ```
      */
     $queryRaw<T = unknown>(query: TemplateStringsArray, ...values: any[]): ZenStackPromise<Schema, T>;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export type ClientContract<Schema extends SchemaDef> = {
      * This method is susceptible to SQL injections.
      * @example
      * ```
-     * const result = await client.$queryRawUnsafe('SELECT * FROM User WHERE id = $1 OR email = $2;', 1, 'user@email.com')
+     * const result = await db.$queryRawUnsafe('SELECT * FROM User WHERE id = $1 OR email = $2;', 1, 'user@email.com')
      * ```
      */
     $queryRawUnsafe<T = unknown>(query: string, ...values: any[]): ZenStackPromise<Schema, T>;
@@ -225,17 +225,17 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // find all users and return all scalar fields
-         * await client.user.findMany();
+         * await db.user.findMany();
          *
          * // find all users with name 'Alex'
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     where: {
          *         name: 'Alex'
          *     }
          * });
          *
          * // select fields
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     select: {
          *         name: true,
          *         email: true,
@@ -243,21 +243,21 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * }); // result: `Array<{ name: string, email: string }>`
          *
          * // omit fields
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     omit: {
          *         name: true,
          *     }
          * }); // result: `Array<{ id: number; email: string; ... }>`
          *
          * // include relations (and all scalar fields)
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     include: {
          *         posts: true,
          *     }
          * }); // result: `Array<{ ...; posts: Post[] }>`
          *
          * // include relations with filter
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     include: {
          *         posts: {
          *             where: {
@@ -268,14 +268,14 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // pagination and sorting
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     skip: 10,
          *     take: 10,
          *     orderBy: [{ name: 'asc' }, { email: 'desc' }],
          * });
          *
          * // pagination with cursor (https://www.prisma.io/docs/orm/prisma-client/queries/pagination#cursor-based-pagination)
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     cursor: { id: 10 },
          *     skip: 1,
          *     take: 10,
@@ -283,17 +283,17 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // distinct
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     distinct: ['name']
          * });
          *
          * // count all relations
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     _count: true,
          * }); // result: `{ _count: { posts: number; ... } }`
          *
          * // count selected relations
-         * await client.user.findMany({
+         * await db.user.findMany({
          *     _count: { select: { posts: true } },
          * }); // result: `{ _count: { posts: number } }`
          * ```
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @see {@link findMany}
          */
         findUnique<T extends FindUniqueArgs<Schema, Model>>(
-            args?: SelectSubset<T, FindUniqueArgs<Schema, Model>>,
+            args: SelectSubset<T, FindUniqueArgs<Schema, Model>>,
         ): ZenStackPromise<Schema, Simplify<ModelResult<Schema, Model, T>> | null>;
 
         /**
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @see {@link findMany}
          */
         findUniqueOrThrow<T extends FindUniqueArgs<Schema, Model>>(
-            args?: SelectSubset<T, FindUniqueArgs<Schema, Model>>,
+            args: SelectSubset<T, FindUniqueArgs<Schema, Model>>,
         ): ZenStackPromise<Schema, Simplify<ModelResult<Schema, Model, T>>>;
 
         /**
@@ -350,12 +350,12 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // simple create
-         * await client.user.create({
+         * await db.user.create({
          *    data: { name: 'Alex', email: 'alex@zenstack.dev' }
          * });
          *
          * // nested create with relation
-         * await client.user.create({
+         * await db.user.create({
          *    data: {
          *        email: 'alex@zenstack.dev',
          *        posts: { create: { title: 'Hello World' } }
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          *
          * // you can use `select`, `omit`, and `include` to control
          * // the fields returned by the query, as with `findMany`
-         * await client.user.create({
+         * await db.user.create({
          *    data: {
          *        email: 'alex@zenstack.dev',
          *        posts: { create: { title: 'Hello World' } }
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * }); // result: `{ id: number; posts: Post[] }`
          *
          * // connect relations
-         * await client.user.create({
+         * await db.user.create({
          *    data: {
          *        email: 'alex@zenstack.dev',
          *        posts: { connect: { id: 1 } }
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // connect relations, and create if not found
-         * await client.user.create({
+         * await db.user.create({
          *    data: {
          *        email: 'alex@zenstack.dev',
          *        posts: {
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // create multiple entities
-         * await client.user.createMany({
+         * await db.user.createMany({
          *     data: [
          *         { name: 'Alex', email: 'alex@zenstack.dev' },
          *         { name: 'John', email: 'john@zenstack.dev' }
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // skip items that cause unique constraint violation
-         * await client.user.createMany({
+         * await db.user.createMany({
          *     data: [
          *         { name: 'Alex', email: 'alex@zenstack.dev' },
          *         { name: 'John', email: 'john@zenstack.dev' }
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // create multiple entities and return selected fields
-         * await client.user.createManyAndReturn({
+         * await db.user.createManyAndReturn({
          *     data: [
          *         { name: 'Alex', email: 'alex@zenstack.dev' },
          *         { name: 'John', email: 'john@zenstack.dev' }
@@ -458,19 +458,19 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // update fields
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: { name: 'Alex' }
          * });
          *
          * // connect a relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: { posts: { connect: { id: 1 } } }
          * });
          *
          * // connect relation, and create if not found
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: {
          *         posts: {
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // create many related entities (only available for one-to-many relations)
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: {
          *         posts: {
@@ -495,19 +495,19 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // disconnect a one-to-many relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: { posts: { disconnect: { id: 1 } } }
          * });
          *
          * // disconnect a one-to-one relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: { profile: { disconnect: true } }
          * });
          *
          * // replace a relation (only available for one-to-many relations)
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: {
          *         posts: {
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // update a relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: {
          *         posts: {
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // upsert a relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: {
          *         posts: {
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // update many related entities (only available for one-to-many relations)
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: {
          *         posts: {
@@ -554,13 +554,13 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * });
          *
          * // delete a one-to-many relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: { posts: { delete: { id: 1 } } }
          * });
          *
          * // delete a one-to-one relation
-         * await client.user.update({
+         * await db.user.update({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     data: { profile: { delete: true } }
          * });
@@ -578,13 +578,13 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // update many entities
-         * await client.user.updateMany({
+         * await db.user.updateMany({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } },
          *     data: { role: 'ADMIN' }
          * });
          *
          * // limit the number of updated entities
-         * await client.user.updateMany({
+         * await db.user.updateMany({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } },
          *     data: { role: 'ADMIN' },
          *     limit: 10
@@ -602,14 +602,14 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // update many entities and return selected fields
-         * await client.user.updateManyAndReturn({
+         * await db.user.updateManyAndReturn({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } },
          *     data: { role: 'ADMIN' },
          *     select: { id: true, email: true }
          * }); // result: `Array<{ id: string; email: string }>`
          *
          * // limit the number of updated entities
-         * await client.user.updateManyAndReturn({
+         * await db.user.updateManyAndReturn({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } },
          *     data: { role: 'ADMIN' },
          *     limit: 10
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // upsert an entity
-         * await client.user.upsert({
+         * await db.user.upsert({
          *     // `where` clause is used to find the entity
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     // `create` clause is used if the entity is not found
@@ -652,12 +652,12 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // delete an entity
-         * await client.user.delete({
+         * await db.user.delete({
          *     where: { id: 1 }
          * });
          *
          * // delete an entity and return selected fields
-         * await client.user.delete({
+         * await db.user.delete({
          *     where: { id: 1 },
          *     select: { id: true, email: true }
          * }); // result: `{ id: string; email: string }`
@@ -675,12 +675,12 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // delete many entities
-         * await client.user.deleteMany({
+         * await db.user.deleteMany({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } }
          * });
          *
          * // limit the number of deleted entities
-         * await client.user.deleteMany({
+         * await db.user.deleteMany({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } },
          *     limit: 10
          * });
@@ -698,13 +698,13 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // count all
-         * await client.user.count();
+         * await db.user.count();
          *
          * // count with a filter
-         * await client.user.count({ where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } } });
+         * await db.user.count({ where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } } });
          *
          * // count rows and field values
-         * await client.user.count({
+         * await db.user.count({
          *     select: { _all: true, email: true }
          * }); // result: `{ _all: number, email: number }`
          */
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // aggregate rows
-         * await client.profile.aggregate({
+         * await db.profile.aggregate({
          *     where: { email: { endsWith: '@zenstack.dev' } },
          *     _count: true,
          *     _avg: { age: true },
@@ -741,26 +741,26 @@ export type ModelOperations<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sc
          * @example
          * ```ts
          * // group by a field
-         * await client.profile.groupBy({
+         * await db.profile.groupBy({
          *     by: 'country',
          *     _count: true
          * }); // result: `Array<{ country: string, _count: number }>`
          *
          * // group by multiple fields
-         * await client.profile.groupBy({
+         * await db.profile.groupBy({
          *     by: ['country', 'city'],
          *     _count: true
          * }); // result: `Array<{ country: string, city: string, _count: number }>`
          *
          * // group by with sorting, the `orderBy` fields must be in the `by` list
-         * await client.profile.groupBy({
+         * await db.profile.groupBy({
          *     by: 'country',
          *     orderBy: { country: 'desc' }
          * });
          *
          * // group by with having (post-aggregation filter), the `having` fields must
          * // be in the `by` list
-         * await client.profile.groupBy({
+         * await db.profile.groupBy({
          *     by: 'country',
          *     having: { country: 'US' }
          * });
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/base.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/base.ts
index a8e5ee39..369c1539 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/base.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/base.ts
@@ -967,5 +967,10 @@ export abstract class BaseCrudDialect<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
      */
     abstract get supportsDistinctOn(): boolean;
 
+    /**
+     * Whether the dialect support inserting with `DEFAULT` as field value.
+     */
+    abstract get supportInsertWithDefault(): boolean;
+
     // #endregion
 }
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts
index f91c7aad..f3408820 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/postgresql.ts
@@ -342,4 +342,8 @@ export class PostgresCrudDialect<Schema extends SchemaDef> extends BaseCrudDiale
             return `ARRAY[${values.map((v) => (typeof v === 'string' ? `'${v}'` : v))}]`;
         }
     }
+
+    override get supportInsertWithDefault() {
+        return true;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/sqlite.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/sqlite.ts
index 3d74f82c..695795ab 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/sqlite.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/dialects/sqlite.ts
@@ -282,4 +282,8 @@ export class SqliteCrudDialect<Schema extends SchemaDef> extends BaseCrudDialect
     override buildArrayLiteralSQL(_values: unknown[]): string {
         throw new Error('SQLite does not support array literals');
     }
+
+    override get supportInsertWithDefault() {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts
index 12e25891..a163f934 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts
@@ -519,13 +519,12 @@ export abstract class BaseOperationHandler<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
 
         const createdEntity = await this.executeQueryTakeFirst(kysely, query, 'create');
 
+        // let createdEntity: any;
         // try {
         //     createdEntity = await this.executeQueryTakeFirst(kysely, query, 'create');
         // } catch (err) {
         //     const { sql, parameters } = query.compile();
-        //     throw new QueryError(
-        //         `Error during create: ${err}, sql: ${sql}, parameters: ${parameters}`
-        //     );
+        //     throw new QueryError(`Error during create: ${err}, sql: ${sql}, parameters: ${parameters}`);
         // }
 
         if (Object.keys(postCreateRelations).length > 0) {
@@ -871,6 +870,34 @@ export abstract class BaseOperationHandler<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
             return this.fillGeneratedValues(modelDef, newItem);
         });
 
+        if (!this.dialect.supportInsertWithDefault) {
+            // if the dialect doesn't support `DEFAULT` as insert field values,
+            // we need to double check if data rows have mismatching fields, and
+            // if so, make sure all fields have default value filled if not provided
+            const allPassedFields = createData.reduce((acc, item) => {
+                Object.keys(item).forEach((field) => {
+                    if (!acc.includes(field)) {
+                        acc.push(field);
+                    }
+                });
+                return acc;
+            }, [] as string[]);
+            for (const item of createData) {
+                for (const field of allPassedFields) {
+                    if (!(field in item)) {
+                        const fieldDef = this.requireField(model, field);
+                        if (fieldDef.default !== undefined && typeof fieldDef.default !== 'object') {
+                            item[field] = this.dialect.transformPrimitive(
+                                fieldDef.default,
+                                fieldDef.type as BuiltinType,
+                                !!fieldDef.array,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if (modelDef.baseModel) {
             if (input.skipDuplicates) {
                 // TODO: simulate createMany with create in this case
diff --git a/packages/runtime/test/client-api/default-values.test.ts b/packages/runtime/test/client-api/default-values.test.ts
index 13e49177..1e257a10 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/test/client-api/default-values.test.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/test/client-api/default-values.test.ts
@@ -15,10 +15,14 @@ const schema = {
         Model: {
             name: 'Model',
             fields: {
+                id: {
+                    name: 'id',
+                    type: 'Int',
+                    id: true,
+                },
                 uuid: {
                     name: 'uuid',
                     type: 'String',
-                    id: true,
                     default: ExpressionUtils.call('uuid'),
                 },
                 uuid7: {
@@ -56,10 +60,15 @@ const schema = {
                     type: 'DateTime',
                     default: ExpressionUtils.call('now'),
                 },
+                bool: {
+                    name: 'bool',
+                    type: 'Boolean',
+                    default: false,
+                },
             },
-            idFields: ['uuid'],
+            idFields: ['id'],
             uniqueFields: {
-                uuid: { type: 'String' },
+                id: { type: 'Int' },
             },
         },
     },
@@ -67,13 +76,13 @@ const schema = {
 } as const satisfies SchemaDef;
 
 describe('default values tests', () => {
-    it('supports generators', async () => {
+    it('supports defaults', async () => {
         const client = new ZenStackClient(schema, {
             dialect: new SqliteDialect({ database: new SQLite(':memory:') }),
         });
         await client.$pushSchema();
 
-        const entity = await client.model.create({ data: {} });
+        const entity = await client.model.create({ data: { id: 1 } });
         expect(entity.uuid).toSatisfy(isValidUuid);
         expect(entity.uuid7).toSatisfy(isValidUuid);
         expect(entity.cuid).toSatisfy(isCuid);
@@ -82,5 +91,18 @@ describe('default values tests', () => {
         expect(entity.nanoid8).toSatisfy((id) => id.length === 8);
         expect(entity.ulid).toSatisfy(isValidUlid);
         expect(entity.dt).toBeInstanceOf(Date);
+
+        // some fields are set but some use default
+        await expect(
+            client.model.createMany({
+                data: [{ id: 2 }, { id: 3, bool: true }],
+            }),
+        ).toResolveTruthy();
+        await expect(client.model.findUnique({ where: { id: 2 } })).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            bool: false,
+        });
+        await expect(client.model.findUnique({ where: { id: 3 } })).resolves.toMatchObject({
+            bool: true,
+        });
     });
 });

From 14ff08118af722613192d4aa5807e58b5e262365 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ymc9 <104139426+ymc9@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 4 Aug 2025 22:11:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] perf improvement

---
 packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts
index a163f934..bc43e2af 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/operations/base.ts
@@ -883,10 +883,17 @@ export abstract class BaseOperationHandler<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
                 return acc;
             }, [] as string[]);
             for (const item of createData) {
+                if (Object.keys(item).length === allPassedFields.length) {
+                    continue;
+                }
                 for (const field of allPassedFields) {
                     if (!(field in item)) {
                         const fieldDef = this.requireField(model, field);
-                        if (fieldDef.default !== undefined && typeof fieldDef.default !== 'object') {
+                        if (
+                            fieldDef.default !== undefined &&
+                            fieldDef.default !== null &&
+                            typeof fieldDef.default !== 'object'
+                        ) {
                             item[field] = this.dialect.transformPrimitive(
                                 fieldDef.default,
                                 fieldDef.type as BuiltinType,