diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud-types.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud-types.ts
index ada75549..4643991d 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud-types.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud-types.ts
@@ -528,12 +528,9 @@ export type CreateArgs<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>
     omit?: OmitFields<Schema, Model>;
 };
 
-export type CreateManyArgs<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = CreateManyPayload<
-    Schema,
-    Model
->;
+export type CreateManyArgs<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = CreateManyInput<Schema, Model>;
 
-export type CreateManyAndReturnArgs<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = CreateManyPayload<
+export type CreateManyAndReturnArgs<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = CreateManyInput<
     Schema,
     Model
 > & {
@@ -597,8 +594,13 @@ type CreateRelationPayload<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Sch
     }
 >;
 
-type CreateWithFKInput<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = CreateScalarPayload<Schema, Model> &
-    CreateFKPayload<Schema, Model>;
+type CreateWithFKInput<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> =
+    // scalar fields
+    CreateScalarPayload<Schema, Model> &
+        // fk fields
+        CreateFKPayload<Schema, Model> &
+        // non-owned relations
+        CreateWithNonOwnedRelationPayload<Schema, Model>;
 
 type CreateWithRelationInput<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = CreateScalarPayload<
     Schema,
@@ -606,6 +608,14 @@ type CreateWithRelationInput<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<S
 > &
     CreateRelationPayload<Schema, Model>;
 
+type CreateWithNonOwnedRelationPayload<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = OptionalWrap<
+    Schema,
+    Model,
+    {
+        [Key in NonOwnedRelationFields<Schema, Model>]: CreateRelationFieldPayload<Schema, Model, Key>;
+    }
+>;
+
 type ConnectOrCreatePayload<
     Schema extends SchemaDef,
     Model extends GetModels<Schema>,
@@ -615,7 +625,7 @@ type ConnectOrCreatePayload<
     create: CreateInput<Schema, Model, Without>;
 };
 
-export type CreateManyPayload<
+export type CreateManyInput<
     Schema extends SchemaDef,
     Model extends GetModels<Schema>,
     Without extends string = never,
@@ -643,7 +653,7 @@ type NestedCreateManyInput<
     Schema extends SchemaDef,
     Model extends GetModels<Schema>,
     Field extends RelationFields<Schema, Model>,
-> = CreateManyPayload<Schema, RelationFieldType<Schema, Model, Field>, OppositeRelationAndFK<Schema, Model, Field>>;
+> = CreateManyInput<Schema, RelationFieldType<Schema, Model, Field>, OppositeRelationAndFK<Schema, Model, Field>>;
 
 //#endregion
 
@@ -1078,3 +1088,13 @@ type NestedDeleteManyInput<
 > = OrArray<WhereInput<Schema, RelationFieldType<Schema, Model, Field>, true>>;
 
 // #endregion
+
+// #region Utilities
+
+type NonOwnedRelationFields<Schema extends SchemaDef, Model extends GetModels<Schema>> = keyof {
+    [Key in RelationFields<Schema, Model> as GetField<Schema, Model, Key>['relation'] extends { references: unknown[] }
+        ? never
+        : Key]: Key;
+};
+
+// #endregion
diff --git a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/validator.ts b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/validator.ts
index 754d53d4..9e443cf6 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/validator.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/src/client/crud/validator.ts
@@ -650,8 +650,8 @@ export class InputValidator<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
         withoutFields: string[] = [],
         withoutRelationFields = false,
     ) {
-        const regularAndFkFields: any = {};
-        const regularAndRelationFields: any = {};
+        const uncheckedVariantFields: Record<string, ZodType> = {};
+        const checkedVariantFields: Record<string, ZodType> = {};
         const modelDef = requireModel(this.schema, model);
         const hasRelation =
             !withoutRelationFields &&
@@ -705,7 +705,11 @@ export class InputValidator<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
                 if (fieldDef.optional && !fieldDef.array) {
                     fieldSchema = fieldSchema.nullable();
                 }
-                regularAndRelationFields[field] = fieldSchema;
+                checkedVariantFields[field] = fieldSchema;
+                if (fieldDef.array || !fieldDef.relation.references) {
+                    // non-owned relation
+                    uncheckedVariantFields[field] = fieldSchema;
+                }
             } else {
                 let fieldSchema: ZodType = this.makePrimitiveSchema(fieldDef.type);
 
@@ -728,21 +732,22 @@ export class InputValidator<Schema extends SchemaDef> {
                     fieldSchema = fieldSchema.nullable();
                 }
 
-                regularAndFkFields[field] = fieldSchema;
+                uncheckedVariantFields[field] = fieldSchema;
                 if (!fieldDef.foreignKeyFor) {
-                    regularAndRelationFields[field] = fieldSchema;
+                    // non-fk field
+                    checkedVariantFields[field] = fieldSchema;
                 }
             }
         });
 
         if (!hasRelation) {
-            return this.orArray(z.object(regularAndFkFields).strict(), canBeArray);
+            return this.orArray(z.object(uncheckedVariantFields).strict(), canBeArray);
         } else {
             return z.union([
-                z.object(regularAndFkFields).strict(),
-                z.object(regularAndRelationFields).strict(),
-                ...(canBeArray ? [z.array(z.object(regularAndFkFields).strict())] : []),
-                ...(canBeArray ? [z.array(z.object(regularAndRelationFields).strict())] : []),
+                z.object(uncheckedVariantFields).strict(),
+                z.object(checkedVariantFields).strict(),
+                ...(canBeArray ? [z.array(z.object(uncheckedVariantFields).strict())] : []),
+                ...(canBeArray ? [z.array(z.object(checkedVariantFields).strict())] : []),
             ]);
         }
     }
diff --git a/packages/runtime/test/client-api/create.test.ts b/packages/runtime/test/client-api/create.test.ts
index 51e0c06d..6ac87637 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/test/client-api/create.test.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/test/client-api/create.test.ts
@@ -288,4 +288,33 @@ describe.each(createClientSpecs(PG_DB_NAME))('Client create tests', ({ createCli
         expect(u3.posts).toHaveLength(3);
         expect(u3.posts.map((p) => p.title)).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining(['Post1', 'Post2', 'Post4']));
     });
+
+    it('complies with Prisma checked/unchecked typing', async () => {
+        const user = await client.user.create({
+            data: { email: 'u1@test.com' },
+        });
+
+        // fk and owned-relation are mutually exclusive
+        client.post.create({
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            data: {
+                authorId: user.id,
+                title: 'title',
+                author: { connect: { id: user.id } },
+            },
+        });
+
+        // fk can work with non-owned relation
+        await expect(
+            client.post.create({
+                data: {
+                    authorId: user.id,
+                    title: 'title',
+                    comments: {
+                        create: { content: 'comment' },
+                    },
+                },
+            }),
+        ).toResolveTruthy();
+    });
 });