diff --git a/lib/std/error_set.zig b/lib/std/error_set.zig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2a6f63c752ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/std/error_set.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+//! This module contains utility functions for working with error sets.
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+const testing = std.testing;
+const Type = std.builtin.Type;
+
+/// Returns whether ErrorSet contains all members of ErrorSetToCheckBeingFullyContained.
+pub fn containsAll(comptime ErrorSet: type, comptime ErrorSetToCheckBeingFullyContained: type) bool {
+    comptime assert(@typeInfo(ErrorSet) == .ErrorSet);
+    comptime assert(@typeInfo(ErrorSetToCheckBeingFullyContained) == .ErrorSet);
+    return (ErrorSet || ErrorSetToCheckBeingFullyContained) == ErrorSet;
+}
+test containsAll {
+    comptime {
+        assert(containsAll(error{ A, B }, error{ A, B }));
+        assert(containsAll(anyerror, error{ A, B }));
+        assert(containsAll(error{C}, error{C}));
+        assert(!containsAll(error{C}, error{D}));
+        assert(!containsAll(error{}, error{F}));
+        assert(containsAll(error{}, error{}));
+        assert(containsAll(anyerror, error{}));
+        assert(containsAll(anyerror, anyerror));
+    }
+}
+/// Returns whether ErrorSet contains error_to_check_being_contained.
+pub fn contains(comptime ErrorSet: type, comptime error_to_check_being_contained: anyerror) bool {
+    const ErrorToCheckBeingContained = @TypeOf(@field(anyerror, @errorName(error_to_check_being_contained)));
+    return containsAll(ErrorSet, ErrorToCheckBeingContained);
+}
+test contains {
+    comptime {
+        assert(contains(error{ A, B, C }, error.B));
+        assert(contains(anyerror, error.B));
+        assert(!contains(error{ A, B, C }, error.D));
+        assert(!contains(error{}, error.D));
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns the set of errors that are
+/// members of BaseErrorSet, but not members of ToExcludeErrorSet.
+/// ToExcludeErrorSet does not have to
+/// be contained in, or even intersect BaseErrorSet.
+/// See also `ExcludingAssertAllContained`.
+pub fn Excluding(comptime BaseErrorSet: type, comptime ToExcludeErrorSet: type) type {
+    if (BaseErrorSet == ToExcludeErrorSet) return error{}; //allows excluding anyerror from anyerror
+
+    const base_info = @typeInfo(BaseErrorSet);
+    comptime assert(base_info == .ErrorSet);
+    const non_anyerror_base_info = base_info.ErrorSet.?; //Type.ErrorSet of null means anyerror, which is currently unsupported as BaseErrorSet
+    comptime var remaining_error_count = 0;
+    comptime var remaining_error_buffer: [non_anyerror_base_info.len]Type.Error = undefined;
+    inline for (non_anyerror_base_info) |error_of_set| {
+        if (comptime !contains(ToExcludeErrorSet, @field(anyerror, error_of_set.name))) {
+            remaining_error_buffer[remaining_error_count] = error_of_set;
+            remaining_error_count += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return @Type(.{ .ErrorSet = remaining_error_buffer[0..remaining_error_count] });
+}
+test Excluding {
+    comptime {
+        assert(Excluding(error{ A, B, C, D, E, F }, error{ B, C, E }) == error{ A, D, F });
+        assert(Excluding(error{ A, B }, error{ B, D }) == error{A});
+        assert(Excluding(error{ B, D }, error{ B, C, D, E }) == error{});
+        assert(Excluding(error{ A, B, C, D, E, F }, anyerror) == error{});
+        assert(Excluding(anyerror, anyerror) == error{});
+        assert(Excluding(error{}, anyerror) == error{});
+        assert(Excluding(error{ A, B }, error{}) == error{ A, B });
+        assert(Excluding(error{}, error{}) == error{});
+    }
+}
+/// Returns an error set with all members of BaseErrorSet
+/// except for error_to_exclude.
+/// error_to_exclude does not have to be a member of BaseErrorSet.
+/// See also `WithoutAssertContained`.
+pub fn Without(comptime BaseErrorSet: type, comptime error_to_exclude: anyerror) type {
+    const ErrorSetToExclude = @TypeOf(@field(anyerror, @errorName(error_to_exclude)));
+    return comptime Excluding(BaseErrorSet, ErrorSetToExclude);
+}
+test Without {
+    comptime {
+        assert(Without(error{ A, B, C }, error.B) == error{ A, C });
+        assert(Without(error{ A, B }, error.A) == error{B});
+        assert(Without(error{ A, B }, error.C) == error{ A, B });
+        assert(Without(error{D}, error.D) == error{});
+        assert(Without(error{}, error.A) == error{});
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns an error set with all errors which are
+/// members of both ErrorSetA and ErrorSetB.
+/// The resulting error set may be empty.
+/// See also `IntersectAssertNonEmpty`.
+pub fn Intersect(comptime ErrorSetA: type, comptime ErrorSetB: type) type {
+    if (ErrorSetA == anyerror) return ErrorSetB; //allows intersecting with anyerror
+
+    const base_info = @typeInfo(ErrorSetA);
+    comptime assert(base_info == .ErrorSet);
+    const non_anyerror_base_info = base_info.ErrorSet.?; //anyerror checked above
+    comptime var remaining_error_count = 0;
+    comptime var remaining_error_buffer: [non_anyerror_base_info.len]Type.Error = undefined;
+    inline for (non_anyerror_base_info) |error_of_set| {
+        if (comptime contains(ErrorSetB, @field(anyerror, error_of_set.name))) {
+            remaining_error_buffer[remaining_error_count] = error_of_set;
+            remaining_error_count += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return @Type(.{ .ErrorSet = remaining_error_buffer[0..remaining_error_count] });
+}
+test Intersect {
+    comptime {
+        assert(Intersect(error{ A, B }, error{ B, D }) == error{B});
+        assert(Intersect(error{ B, D }, error{ B, C, D, E }) == error{ B, D });
+        assert(Intersect(error{ A, E, F }, anyerror) == error{ A, E, F });
+        assert(Intersect(anyerror, anyerror) == anyerror);
+        assert(Intersect(error{}, anyerror) == error{});
+        assert(Intersect(error{ A, B }, error{G}) == error{});
+        assert(Intersect(error{}, error{}) == error{});
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns the set of errors that are
+/// members of BaseErrorSet, but not members of ToExcludeErrorSet.
+/// Asserts that all members of ToExcludeErrorSet are members of BaseErrorSet.
+/// See also `Excluding`.
+pub fn ExcludingAssertAllContained(comptime BaseErrorSet: type, comptime ToExcludeErrorSet: type) type {
+    comptime assert(containsAll(BaseErrorSet, ToExcludeErrorSet));
+    return comptime Excluding(BaseErrorSet, ToExcludeErrorSet);
+}
+/// Returns an error set with all members of BaseErrorSet
+/// except for error_to_exclude.
+/// Asserts that error_to_exclude is a member of BaseErrorSet.
+/// See also `Without`.
+pub fn WithoutAssertContained(comptime BaseErrorSet: type, comptime error_to_exclude: anyerror) type {
+    comptime assert(contains(BaseErrorSet, error_to_exclude));
+    return comptime Without(BaseErrorSet, error_to_exclude);
+}
+/// Returns an error set with all errors which are
+/// members of both ErrorSetA and ErrorSetB.
+/// Asserts that the resulting error set is not empty.
+/// See also `Intersect`.
+pub fn IntersectAssertNonEmpty(comptime ErrorSetA: type, comptime ErrorSetB: type) type {
+    const Result = Intersect(ErrorSetA, ErrorSetB);
+    comptime assert(Result != error{});
+    return Result;
+}
diff --git a/lib/std/fs.zig b/lib/std/fs.zig
index 8dc79f9ef4df..a5f334851c8e 100644
--- a/lib/std/fs.zig
+++ b/lib/std/fs.zig
@@ -514,44 +514,14 @@ pub fn openSelfExe(flags: File.OpenFlags) OpenSelfExeError!File {
     return openFileAbsoluteZ(buf[0..self_exe_path.len :0].ptr, flags);
 }
 
-// This is `posix.ReadLinkError || posix.RealPathError` with impossible errors excluded
-pub const SelfExePathError = error{
-    FileNotFound,
-    AccessDenied,
-    NameTooLong,
-    NotSupported,
-    NotDir,
-    SymLinkLoop,
-    InputOutput,
-    FileTooBig,
-    IsDir,
-    ProcessFdQuotaExceeded,
-    SystemFdQuotaExceeded,
-    NoDevice,
-    SystemResources,
-    NoSpaceLeft,
-    FileSystem,
-    BadPathName,
-    DeviceBusy,
-    SharingViolation,
-    PipeBusy,
-    NotLink,
-    PathAlreadyExists,
-
-    /// On Windows, `\\server` or `\\server\share` was not found.
-    NetworkNotFound,
-
-    /// On Windows, antivirus software is enabled by default. It can be
-    /// disabled, but Windows Update sometimes ignores the user's preference
-    /// and re-enables it. When enabled, antivirus software on Windows
-    /// intercepts file system operations and makes them significantly slower
-    /// in addition to possibly failing with this error code.
-    AntivirusInterference,
-
-    /// On Windows, the volume does not contain a recognized file system. File
-    /// system drivers might not be loaded, or the volume may be corrupt.
-    UnrecognizedVolume,
-} || posix.SysCtlError;
+pub const SelfExePathError = std.error_set.ExcludingAssertAllContained(
+    posix.ReadLinkError || posix.RealPathError || posix.SysCtlError,
+    error{
+        UnsupportedReparsePointType, // Windows-only readlink error; readlink is not called in the Windows implementation
+        InvalidUtf8, // WASI-only error; selfExePath is not supported on WASI
+        InvalidWtf8, // selfExePath only converts from WTF-16 -> WTF-8 which cannot fail
+    },
+);
 
 /// `selfExePath` except allocates the result on the heap.
 /// Caller owns returned memory.
diff --git a/lib/std/std.zig b/lib/std/std.zig
index e4ec65568022..629a1165369c 100644
--- a/lib/std/std.zig
+++ b/lib/std/std.zig
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ pub const debug = @import("debug.zig");
 pub const dwarf = @import("dwarf.zig");
 pub const elf = @import("elf.zig");
 pub const enums = @import("enums.zig");
+pub const error_set = @import("error_set.zig");
 pub const fifo = @import("fifo.zig");
 pub const fmt = @import("fmt.zig");
 pub const fs = @import("fs.zig");