The first versions of the GEM's embodied-carbon exposure and seismic risk maps of Europe are now available! 🥳 🚀
This repository hosts data on the embodied carbon associated with the seismic damage repair and replacement of the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock worldwide. Interactive web services are accessible through the 🌐 EPOS Built Environmental Data service.
The following regions, countries and territories are covered in this repository.
| REGION | COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES |
|---|---|
| Africa | Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
| Caribbean_Central_America | Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands |
| Central_Asia | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan |
| East_Asia | China, Hong_Kong, Japan, Macao, North_Korea, South_Korea, Taiwan |
| Europe | Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia_and_Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle_of_Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North_Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United_Kingdom |
| Middle_East | Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi_Arabia, Syria, United_Arab_Emirates, Yemen |
| North_America | Canada, Mexico, United_States_of_America |
| North_Asia | Mongolia, Russia |
| Oceania | American_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu |
| South_America | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela |
| South_Asia | Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka |
| Southeast_Asia | Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam |
Each regional repository contains the following folders and subfolders:
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🚧 Replacement_Embodied_Carbon: This folder includes plots, maps and data on embodied carbon associated with replacing existing buildings with new constructions following destructive events (not necessarily earthquakes). The replacement embodied carbon covers material production (modules A1- A3) and construction (modules A4-A5) of new structures, as well as end-of-life processes of existing damaged buildings.
The folder contains:
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🧱 components, including:
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carbon_class_mapping: A CSV file that maps the existing building types to the carbon building classes of new constructions, reflecting whether a built back better (BBB) approach is followed. If BBB is only partially adopted in some countries of the region, an additional CSV file (Region_countries_bbb.csv) lists those specific countries
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structural: CSV files providing quantities per built area and embodied carbon factors of key structural members, categorised by building type and occupancy
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non-structural: CSV files providing quantities per built area and embodied carbon factors of key non-structural members, categorised by building type and occupancy
Each CSV file for structural and non-structural components contains the following columns:
- NO: Sequential number of the component
- ITEM: Type of structural or non-structural component
- QUANTITY: Quantity of component per built area (in square meters)
- QUANTITY_UNITS: Units for the quantity (e.g., cubic meters per square meter of built area)
- EC: Embodied carbon factor (in kg of CO2e) per embodied carbon unit (see EC_UNITS)
- EC_UNITS: Units for the embodied carbon factor (e.g., kg of CO2e per cubic meter of component)
- MF: Mass factor of component (kg per quantity unit). This is set to zero for components excluded from the total building mass calculation, where only structure and envelope are considered
- WR: Waste factor indicating the share of material wasted during construction
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☁️ embodied_carbon_factors: This subfolder contains embodied carbon factors for various life-cycle modules (e.g., A1-A3, A4-A5) across different building types and occupancies, distinguishing between structural and non-structural components. It also includes summaries of replacement embodied carbon (REC) by building type, occupancy and country, and the embodied-carbon exposure map of the region. The Excel file "Region_Embodied_Carbon_Factors" compiles all component-level embodied carbon factors and data sources (e.g., EPD databases, scientific literature)
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🏘️ exposure: This subfolder provides aggregated REC values at the first subnational administrative level for each country in the region, including both structural and non-structural contributions and additional exposure attributes from GEM models (e.g., buildings, total replacement cost)
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🏚️ Seismic_Embodied_Carbon: This folder includes data on embodied carbon resulting from repair and reconstruction activities due to earthquake damage. It contains summaries of average annual embodied carbon (AAEC) for all countries in the region, and a regional embodied-carbon seismic risk map. The risk subfolder contains the aggregated AAEC values at first subnational administrative level of each country in the region, broken down into structural and non-structural contributions.
The methodology is described in some detail in the dedicated folder. For further details, refer to the publications listed below.
The building classes defined herein follow the GEM Taxonomy v3.2 convention. Please refer to the GEM Taxonomy Glossary for additional details on taxonomy substrings and the Taxonomy_tables_v3.2.xlsx available here.
Please contact us at product@globalquakemodel.org.
Martina Caruso, Vitor Silva, Karim Aljawhari, Al Mouayed Bellah Nafeh, Carmine Galasso. Unveiling the Environmental Impact of Earthquakes in Europe, 08 November 2024, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5283610/v1].
If you use the data or resources provided in this repository, please acknowledge the GEM Foundation as follows: Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation. Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Model. Available at: https://github.com/gem/global_embodied_carbon_model/tree/main.
Users interested in the global embodied carbon model might find the following GEM Foundation products useful:
- Global Exposure Model
- Global Seismic Risk Map
- Global Seismic Hazard Map
- Global Vulnerability Model
- OpenQuake engine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which requires:
- Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made)
- Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes)
- ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original)
If your use case deviates from the requirements of the offered license, but still want to explore the use of the data, please contact us at license@globalquakemodel.org.
If your intended use falls outside the scope of this license, please contact us at license@globalquakemodel.org to explore possible arrangements. Note: For commercial use, a tailored license agreement must be established, please contact us at product@globalquakemodel.org.
This model represents the best publicly available information. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy and usability, the authors assume no liability and offer no warranty for the information provided herein. All responsibility for use of the data rests with the user.